Browsing by Author "Winston, David R."
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- Cloverbuds cook with Pyramid Chef. Lesson 4: Eating a variety of dairy foods and raising dairy cows in VirginiaStadler, Kathleen M.; Kline, Kimberly C.; Winston, David R.; Grubbs, Janet (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2003)
- Dairy Pipeline, January/February 2018Winston, David R.; Martel, Cynthia (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2017-12-21)This issue has two articles: the first focuses on collection of data about the dairy herd, for better farm management, and the second one discusses training of farm owners and employees in better ways to handle their dairy cattle.
- Dairy Pipeline. April 2011Welsh, John; Winston, David R. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2011-04-01)Discusses spring manure application and monitoring heifer growth.
- Dairy Pipeline. April 2019White, Alexander B.; Winston, David R. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2019-03-25)This issue has two articles. The first focuses on taxes, and financial planning. The second article discusses the Collegiate Dairy Challenge.
- Dairy Pipeline. January/February 2015James, Robert E.; Winston, David R.; Daubert, Jeremy (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2015-01-07)This issue of Dairy Pipeline includes articles on culling patterns, how to control nuisance birds, particularly the European Starling, and a list of upcoming activities.
- Dairy Pipeline. January/February 2017Petersson-Wolfe, Christina S.; Winston, David R.; Spurlin, Kevin (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2016-12-22)Articles in this issue focus on management of dairy farms and on decision-making.
- Dairy Pipeline. July/August 2016Petersson-Wolfe, Christina S.; Swartz, Turner; Winston, David R. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2016-07-01)Articles in this issue provide information about housing calves in pairs, care and management of calves and heifers, and the importance of record keeping.
- Dairy Pipeline. July/August 2018Winston, David R.; Spurlin, Kevin (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2018-06-29)This issue has two articles. The first one focuses on rearing heifers, while the second one discusses managing finances and assets during a time of low milk prices.
- Dairy Pipeline. June 2012Winston, David R.; James, Robert E. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2012-05-30)Discusses using Twitter as a source of information and offers suggestions to offset economic conditions caused by high feed prices and low milk prices.
- Dairy Pipeline. March 2020Winston, David R.; Kimble, Lauren N. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2020)Dairy farming is demanding work for owners, managers, and other employees. The normal to-do list never ends and one can never predict when a cow will get sick or equipment will break down. It can be difficult for members of the farm team to get away for off-the-farm activities and vacation. However, time away can be healthy for individuals and the farm as a whole by providing time to recharge, gain a fresh perspective and be exposed to new ideas.
- Dairy Pipeline. May 2013Overbay, Andy; Winston, David R. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2013-04-30)Discusses proper maintenance of farm equipment and age at first calving for dairy heifers.
- Dairy Pipeline. November/December 2012Fike, John H.; Winston, David R. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2012-10-31)Presents various ways to improve farm profitability and discusses the 4-H Dairy Quiz Bowl.
- Dairy Pipeline. November/December 2020White, Alexander B.; Winston, David R. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2020-11-09)In this issue: Financial Lessons from a Pandemic; Evaluating Transition Cow Management; Upcoming Events
- Dairy Pipeline. October 2013Ferreira, Gonzalo; Winston, David R. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2013-09-25)Discusses when to breed cows after calving and making dairy information systems work.
- Dairy Pipeline. October 2015James, Robert E.; Daubert, Jeremy; Winston, David R. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2015-09-30)This issue has two articles; one is about the storage of dry corn silage, and the second discusses data on cow mortality.
- Dairy Pipeline. September 2011Stallings, Charles C.; Winston, David R. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2011-09-01)Provides information on the frequency of measuring dry matter and nutrient content of forages and presents lessons learned from the Dairy Challenge
- Dairy Pipeline. September 2014James, Robert E.; Winston, David R.; Martel, Cynthia (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2014-06-30)This issue deals with the benefits of keeping dairy records and inspiring youth and families to a future in agriculture.
- A Five State Survey of Heifer Management Practices on Dairy Farms and Virginia Custom Dairy Heifer Growing OperationsWinston, David R. (Virginia Tech, 1998-05-29)Two surveys evaluated heifer management practices in dairy herds and custom grower operations. The NC-119 Heifer Management Survey conducted through the North Central Regional Research Project 119 included 226 Holstein and 67 Jersey herds from MN, MO, PA, VA, and WA. Mean rolling herd average for milk was 8,838 and 6,251 kg for Holstein and Jersey herds, respectively. Calf mortality rates from birth to first calving were 15.3 % for Holsteins and 15.8% for Jerseys. High producing herds had more aggressive, preventive health programs, hand-fed colostrum to newborn calves, and used prepartum groups and separate postpartum groups for first calf heifers. Practices associated with low calf mortality included using maternity pens in barns separate from the dairy herd as a calving facility and vaccination for brucellosis, an indicator of the level of overall management. Larger herds weaned calves earlier, placed more importance on heifer size as a criterion for first breeding, and used prepartum groups and separate postpartum groups for first calf heifers States differed in calving facility and calf housing choices. Calf mortality rates were similar among states. The Virginia Custom Dairy Heifer Rearing Survey included 24 growers. Average herd size was 194 head. Seven growers contracted with dairy producers, nine purchased, raised, and resold heifers, and eight did both. Survey results indicated a need for increased emphasis in several management areas. Only two contract growers had written contracts. Fifty-eight percent never monitored growth and 42% did not have forages tested or rations balanced. Fifty-seven percent used AI.
- Genetic Characterization of Zambian Native Cattle BreedsZulu, Dackson Nkonje (Virginia Tech, 2008-09-09)Breed characterization is a primary step in designing appropriate management and conservation programs of livestock in developing countries. Since cattle represent a major food animal species in Zambia, its conservation is a major goal for both the government and non-governmental organizations. To support the conservation effort, the objective of this thesis research was to assess the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of indigenous Zambian cattle breeds including Angoni, Barotse, Tonga, and Baila based on body measurements and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, respectively. A total of 100 animals, 25 from each of the four breeds associated with different tribes and region of Zambia, were used in the molecular analysis research. Additionally, 10 Holstein x Jersey crossbred animals were used as a reference and to test the extent of cross-breeding, if any, of the indigenous stock with exotic breeds. To further compare the Zambian indigenous breeds, morphometric measurements including body length, heart girth, and height at withers on 50 animals of each breed were measured. Blood was collected from animals at randomly selected farms and DNA isolated by standard protocols in Zambia. A total of 10 primers, of the 20 evaluated for informativeness, were used in the RAPD-PCR analyses. Differences among the four breeds for all the three morphometric measurements were significant with the Barotse significantly higher than the other three (P<0.05). The average number of bands per primer was 7.1 and the percentage of polymorphic bands per primer ranged from 40 to 71.4 with an average of 64.8%. Breed divergence was highest between the Tonga and the Barotse and lowest between the Tonga and Baila breeds. Both the morphometric measurements and RAPD-based distance estimates suggest that the Barotse may be different from the other indigenous breeds while the Tonga and Baila were more closely related. In addition, the genetic distance estimates imply that the Holstein x Jersey crosses are different from the four Zambian indigenous cattle breeds evaluated. This thesis research provides, for the first time, the basic genetic information necessary for conservation of Zambian cattle breeds and the use of these populations for effective crossbreeding. The data suggest that though there is isolated by geographic distance and cultural differences among the tribes, two of the breeds are significantly related.
- Virginia 4-H Beef Heifer Project Junior Record BookMallory, Kelly; Coppedge, Kaci; Estienne, Cynthia Elizabeth, 1963-; Williams, Mary Elizabeth; Dailey, Jocelyn; Prillaman, Leslie; Durbin, Bertha; Turner, Sandra; Wahlberg, Mark L.; Crisman, Celeste C.; Winston, David R. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2013-06-27)A place to keep records for 4-H beef heifer projects.