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Mucosal Airway Laceration Secondary To Endobronchial Ultrasonography
(Hindawi, 2012-01-01)
Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration is becoming the standard of care for mediastinal sampling to diagnose and stage lung cancer. It is considered to be safe and rivals the gold standard, ...
Pulsed Ultrasound Differentially Stimulates Somatosensory Circuits in Humans as Indicated by EEG and fMRI
(PLOS, 2012-12-04)
Peripheral somatosensory circuits are known to respond to diverse stimulus modalities. The energy modalities capable of eliciting somatosensory responses traditionally belong to mechanical, thermal, electromagnetic, and ...
Imbalance of placental regulatory T cell and Th17 cell population dynamics in the FIV-infected pregnant cat
(2012-05-04)
Background
An appropriate balance in placental regulatory T cells (Tregs), an immunosuppressive cell population, and Th17 cells, a pro-inflammatory cell population, is essential in allowing tolerance of the semi-allogeneic ...
Auditory grouping mechanisms reflect a sound's relative position in a sequence
(Frontiers, 2012-06-08)
The human brain uses acoustic cues to decompose complex auditory scenes into its components. For instance to improve communication, a listener can select an individual "stream," such as a talker in a crowded room, based ...
Input-specific excitation of olfactory cortex microcircuits
(Frontiers, 2012-09-19)
Every higher-order association cortex receives a variety of synaptic signals from different regions of the brain. How these cortical networks are capable of differentially responding to these various extrinsic synaptic ...
Fibroblast growth factor 22 contributes to the development of retinal nerve terminals in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus
(Frontiers, 2012-01-10)
At least three forms of signaling between pre- and postsynaptic partners are necessary during synapse formation. First, “targeting” signals instruct presynaptic axons to recognize and adhere to the correct portion of a ...
What is value—accumulated reward or evidence?
(Frontiers, 2012-11-02)
Why are you reading this abstract? In some sense, your answer will cast the exercise as valuable-but what is value? In what follows, we suggest that value is evidence or, more exactly, log Bayesian evidence. This implies ...
New approaches to investigating social gestures in autism spectrum disorder
(BMC, 2012-05-24)
The combination of economic games and human neuroimaging presents the possibility of using economic probes to identify biomarkers for quantitative features of healthy and diseased cognition. These probes span a range of ...
Active inference and agency: optimal control without cost functions
(Springer, 2012-08-03)
This paper describes a variational free-energy formulation of (partially observable) Markov decision problems in decision making under uncertainty. We show that optimal control can be cast as active inference. In active ...
Exposure of Rats to Environmental Tobacco Smoke during Cerebellar Development Alters Behavior and Perturbs Mitochondrial Energetics
(National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2012-12)
Background: Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure is linked to developmental deficits and disorders with known cerebellar involvement. However, direct biological effects and underlying neurochemical mechanisms remain ...