National Assessment Sheds Light on Educational Needs for Aquaculture in the United States

Abstract

Education and training are fundamental to growing and maintaining a skilled workforce. Diverse, accessible educational opportunities are critical to the success and stability of the aquaculture industry. Ideally, aquaculture education and training blend many different sciences and technical fields germane to extensive or intensive rearing of aquatic organisms in inland, coastal, or offshore environments. Prior to the 1970s, there were few postsecondary institutions in the United States with aquaculture-specific programs (Figure 1). In response to growing enthusiasm for a “blue revolution” and the job opportunities aquaculture was expected to provide, numerous universities invested in new aquaculture-related programs, and student interest and enrollment grew through the 1990s. Graduates of these programs helped to build the U.S. aquaculture industry but are now nearing retirement. The average U.S. aquaculture extension educator, for example, is now in his or her 60s and 70s and transitioning out of professional life (Jensen et al. 2005). Although job opportunities outside of the United States have increased in recent years, new generations of aquaculture professionals are needed to replace retiring domestic aquaculture “baby boomers.” Unfortunately, opportunities for education and training appear to be contracting, and even some historically strong aquaculture programs have been allowed to senesce.

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