Effects of a Low-Fat Vegan Diet on Gut Microbiota in Overweight Individuals and Relationships with Body Weight, Body Composition, and Insulin Sensitivity. A Randomized Clinical Trial
| dc.contributor.author | Kahleova, Hana | en |
| dc.contributor.author | Rembert, Emilie | en |
| dc.contributor.author | Alwarith, Jihad | en |
| dc.contributor.author | Yonas, Willy N. | en |
| dc.contributor.author | Tura, Andrea | en |
| dc.contributor.author | Holubkov, Richard | en |
| dc.contributor.author | Agnello, Melissa | en |
| dc.contributor.author | Chutkan, Robynne | en |
| dc.contributor.author | Barnard, Neal D. | en |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2020-09-28T12:39:53Z | en |
| dc.date.available | 2020-09-28T12:39:53Z | en |
| dc.date.issued | 2020-09-24 | en |
| dc.date.updated | 2020-09-25T13:30:45Z | en |
| dc.description.abstract | Diet modulates gut microbiota and plays an important role in human health. The aim of this study was to test the effect of a low-fat vegan diet on gut microbiota and its association with weight, body composition, and insulin resistance in overweight men and women. We enrolled 168 participants and randomly assigned them to a vegan (<i>n</i> = 84) or a control group (<i>n</i> = 84) for 16 weeks. Of these, 115 returned all gut microbiome samples. Gut microbiota composition was assessed using uBiome Explorer™ kits. Body composition was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Insulin sensitivity was quantified with the predicted clamp-derived insulin sensitivity index from a standard meal test. Repeated measure ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Body weight decreased in the vegan group (treatment effect −5.9 kg [95% CI, −7.0 to −4.9 kg]; <i>p</i> < 0.001), mainly due to a reduction in fat mass (−3.9 kg [95% CI, −4.6 to −3.1 kg]; <i>p</i> < 0.001) and in visceral fat (−240 cm<sup>3</sup> [95% CI, −345 to −135 kg]; <i>p</i> < 0.001). PREDIcted M, insulin sensitivity index (PREDIM) increased in the vegan group (treatment effect +0.83 [95% CI, +0.48 to +1.2]; <i>p</i> < 0.001). The relative abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii increased in the vegan group (+5.1% [95% CI, +2.4 to +7.9%]; <i>p</i> < 0.001) and correlated negatively with changes in weight (r = −0.24; <i>p</i> = 0.01), fat mass (r = −0.22; <i>p</i> = 0.02), and visceral fat (r = −0.20; <i>p</i> = 0.03). The relative abundance of Bacteroides fragilis decreased in both groups, but less in the vegan group, making the treatment effect positive (+18.9% [95% CI, +14.2 to +23.7%]; <i>p</i> < 0.001), which correlated negatively with changes in weight (r = −0.44; <i>p</i> < 0.001), fat mass (r = −0.43; <i>p</i> < 0.001), and visceral fat (r = −0.28; <i>p</i> = 0.003) and positively with PREDIM (r = 0.36; <i>p</i> < 0.001), so a smaller reduction in Bacteroides fragilis was associated with a greater loss of body weight, fat mass, visceral fat, and a greater increase in insulin sensitivity. A low-fat vegan diet induced significant changes in gut microbiota, which were related to changes in weight, body composition, and insulin sensitivity in overweight adults, suggesting a potential use in clinical practice. | en |
| dc.description.version | Published version | en |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | en |
| dc.identifier.citation | Kahleova, H.; Rembert, E.; Alwarith, J.; Yonas, W.N.; Tura, A.; Holubkov, R.; Agnello, M.; Chutkan, R.; Barnard, N.D. Effects of a Low-Fat Vegan Diet on Gut Microbiota in Overweight Individuals and Relationships with Body Weight, Body Composition, and Insulin Sensitivity. A Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2020, 12, 2917. | en |
| dc.identifier.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12102917 | en |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100079 | en |
| dc.language.iso | en | en |
| dc.publisher | MDPI | en |
| dc.rights | Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International | en |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | en |
| dc.subject | diet | en |
| dc.subject | gut microbiome | en |
| dc.subject | Nutrition | en |
| dc.subject | vegan | en |
| dc.subject | weight loss | en |
| dc.subject | Obesity | en |
| dc.title | Effects of a Low-Fat Vegan Diet on Gut Microbiota in Overweight Individuals and Relationships with Body Weight, Body Composition, and Insulin Sensitivity. A Randomized Clinical Trial | en |
| dc.title.serial | Nutrients | en |
| dc.type | Article - Refereed | en |
| dc.type.dcmitype | Text | en |
| dc.type.dcmitype | StillImage | en |