The "Out-of-the-Loop" concept in automated driving: proposed definition, measures and implications

Simple item page
dc.contributor.authorMerat, Natashaen
dc.contributor.authorSeppelt, Bobbieen
dc.contributor.authorLouw, Tyronen
dc.contributor.authorEngström, Johanen
dc.contributor.authorLee, John D.en
dc.contributor.authorJohansson, Emmaen
dc.contributor.authorGreen, Charles A.en
dc.contributor.authorKatazaki, Satoshien
dc.contributor.authorMonk, Chrisen
dc.contributor.authorItoh, Makotoen
dc.contributor.authorMcGehee, Daniel V.en
dc.contributor.authorSunda, Takashien
dc.contributor.authorUnoura, Kiyozumien
dc.contributor.authorVictor, Trenten
dc.contributor.authorSchieben, Annaen
dc.contributor.authorKeinath, Andreasen
dc.date.accessioned2019-08-30T13:47:05Zen
dc.date.available2019-08-30T13:47:05Zen
dc.date.issued2019-02en
dc.description.abstractDespite an abundant use of the term Out of the loop (OOTL) in the context of automated driving and human factors research, there is currently a lack of consensus on its precise definition, how it can be measured, and the practical implications of being in or out of the loop during automated driving. The main objective of this paper is to consider the above issues, with the goal of achieving a shared understanding of the OOTL concept between academics and practitioners. To this end, the paper reviews existing definitions of OOTL and outlines a set of concepts, which, based on the human factors and driver behaviour literature, could serve as the basis for a commonly-agreed definition. Following a series of working group meetings between representatives from academia, research institutions and industrial partners across Europe, North America, and Japan, we suggest a precise definition of being in, out, and on the loop in the driving context. These definitions are linked directly to whether or not the driver is in physical control of the vehicle, and also the degree of situation monitoring required and afforded by the driver. A consideration of how this definition can be operationalized and measured in empirical studies is then provided, and the paper concludes with a short overview of the implications of this definition for the development of automated driving functions.en
dc.description.notesWe would like to thank the following colleagues for contributing to the discussions of the trilateral working group throughout preparation of this manuscript: Myra Blanco, Hanna Bellem, Tatsuru Daimon, Ryuji Funayama, Yi Glaser, Daniel Glaser, Sebastian Hergeth, Andrea Sparko, Gerald Schmidt, and Florian Weber. The working group meetings were also supported by funds from FP7 and H2020 projects VRA and CARTRE, funded by the European Commission.en
dc.description.sponsorshipFP7; H2020 project CARTRE - European Commission; H2020 project VRA - European Commissionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-018-0525-8en
dc.identifier.eissn1435-5566en
dc.identifier.issn1435-5558en
dc.identifier.issue1en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/93316en
dc.identifier.volume21en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherSpringeren
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectOut of the Loopen
dc.subjectAutomated drivingen
dc.subjectAutonomousen
dc.subjectDriver behaviouren
dc.subjectHuman factorsen
dc.titleThe "Out-of-the-Loop" concept in automated driving: proposed definition, measures and implicationsen
dc.title.serialCognition Technology & Worken
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.dcmitypeStillImageen

Files

Original bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
Thumbnail Image
Name:
Merat2019_Article_TheOut-of-the-LoopConceptInAut.pdf
Size:
1.56 MB
Format:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Description:
Download

Collections

Scholarly Works, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute
Destination Area: Intelligent Infrastructure for Human-Centered Communities (IIHCC)