Programmable microbial ink for 3D printing of living materials produced from genetically engineered protein nanofibers

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dc.contributor.authorDuraj-Thatte, Anna M.en
dc.contributor.authorManjula-Basavanna, Avinashen
dc.contributor.authorRutledge, Jaroden
dc.contributor.authorXia, Jingen
dc.contributor.authorHassan, Shabiren
dc.contributor.authorSourlis, Arjiriosen
dc.contributor.authorRubio, Andres G.en
dc.contributor.authorLesha, Amien
dc.contributor.authorZenkl, Michaelen
dc.contributor.authorKan, Antonen
dc.contributor.authorWeitz, David A.en
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Yu Shrikeen
dc.contributor.authorJoshi, Neel S.en
dc.date.accessioned2022-09-14T14:31:42Zen
dc.date.available2022-09-14T14:31:42Zen
dc.date.issued2021-11-23en
dc.description.abstractLiving cells have the capability to synthesize molecular components and precisely assemble them from the nanoscale to build macroscopic living functional architectures under ambient conditions. The emerging field of living materials has leveraged microbial engineering to produce materials for various applications but building 3D structures in arbitrary patterns and shapes has been a major challenge. Here we set out to develop a bioink, termed as "microbial ink" that is produced entirely from genetically engineered microbial cells, programmed to perform a bottom-up, hierarchical self-assembly of protein monomers into nanofibers, and further into nanofiber networks that comprise extrudable hydrogels. We further demonstrate the 3D printing of functional living materials by embedding programmed Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells and nanofibers into microbial ink, which can sequester toxic moieties, release biologics, and regulate its own cell growth through the chemical induction of rationally designed genetic circuits. In this work, we present the advanced capabilities of nanobiotechnology and living materials technology to 3D-print functional living architectures. Living cells can precisely assemble to build 3D functional architectures. Here the authors produce an extrudable microbial ink entirely from the engineered cells, which can be further programmed to 3D print functional living materials.en
dc.description.notesWork was performed in part at the Center for Nanoscale Systems at Harvard. Work in the N.S.J. laboratory is supported by the National Institutes of Health (1R01DK110770), the National Science Foundation (DMR 2004875), and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University. Work in the D.A.W. laboratory is supported by the Harvard University Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (NSF Grants DMR-1420570 and DMR-2011754). Work in the Y.S.Z. laboratory was supported by the Lush Prize and the Brigham Research Institute. Parts of the schematics were adapted from BioRender.com.en
dc.description.sponsorshipNational Institutes of Health [1R01DK110770]; National Science Foundation [DMR 2004875]; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University; Harvard University Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (NSF) [DMR-1420570, DMR-2011754]; Lush Prize; Brigham Research Instituteen
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26791-xen
dc.identifier.eissn2041-1723en
dc.identifier.issue1en
dc.identifier.other6600en
dc.identifier.pmid34815411en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/111823en
dc.identifier.volume12en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherNature Portfolioen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.titleProgrammable microbial ink for 3D printing of living materials produced from genetically engineered protein nanofibersen
dc.title.serialNature Communicationsen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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