2024-03-29T14:32:46Zhttps://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/server/oai/requestoai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/874622023-11-29T12:16:49Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_70873col_10919_24279
Wood utilization in Virginia's interface forestlands and urban forests
Wiseman, P. Eric
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
2019-02-05T20:48:29Z
2019-02-05T20:48:29Z
2019-02-05T20:48:29Z
2018-02-13
Article
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/87462
73
4
Wiseman, Phillip [0000-0002-5743-7612]
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
Virginia Forestry Association
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/481922023-11-29T12:16:50Zcom_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_24279
Comparing sediment trap data with the USLE-forest, RUSLE2, and WEPP-road erosion models for evaluation of bladed skid trail BMPs
Wade, Charles R.
Bolding, M. Chad
Aust, W. Michael
Lakel, William A.
Schilling, Erik B.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
bladed skid trails
erosion
soil erosion models
soil loss equation
water-quality
tropical forest
prediction
runoff
usa
construction
accuracy
straw
mulch
agriculture
Three erosion models, the Universal Soil Loss Equation for Forestry (USLE-Forest), the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation Version 2 (RUSLE2), and the Water Erosion Prediction Project for Forest Roads (WEPP-Road), were compared to sediment trap data for bladed skid trail best management practices (BMPs). The bladed skid trail BMPs evaluated were: (1) water bar only (control treatment); (2) water bar + lime, fertilizer, and grass seed (seed treatment); (3) seed + straw mulch (mulch treatment); (4) control + piled hardwood slash (hardwood slash treatment); and (5) control + piled pine slash (pine slash treatment). This study used three erosion models to evaluate the BMPs while also using linear regression, model efficiency (NSE), and percent bias (PBIAS) to compare the prediction accuracy and applicability of the models to monthly erosion collected in sediment traps from six replications of the five treatments. Results showed significant treatment differences due to the BMPs, with the control treatment being the most erosive, followed generally by the seed, hardwood slash, pine slash, and mulch treatments. Model predictions indicated that all models were suitable for ranking erosion rates for the skid trail closure treatments for simple hazard or BMP ratings. However, the older and simpler USLE-Forest and RUSLE2 models had satisfactory NSE and PBIAS values, whereas WEPP-Road did not. Results indicate that WEPP-Road needs additional enhancement with regard to skid trail parameters before it can be effectively used for erosion prediction on bladed skid trails.
2014-05-30T13:13:45Z
2014-05-30T13:13:45Z
2014-05-30T13:13:45Z
2012
Article - Refereed
Wade, C. R.; Bolding, M. C.; Aust, W. M.; Lakel, W. A.; Schilling, E. B., "Comparing sediment trap data with the USLE-forest, RUSLE2, and WEPP-road erosion models for evaluation of bladed skid trail BMPs," Transactions of the ASABE. 55(2): 403-414. (doi: 10.13031/2013.41381) @2012
2151-0032
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48192
http://elibrary.asabe.org/abstract.asp?aid=41381&t=3&dabs=Y&redir=&redirType=
https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.41381
en_US
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/793012023-11-29T12:16:52Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_78882col_10919_24279
Understanding the Fate of Applied Nitrogen in Pine Plantations of the Southeastern United States Using 15N Enriched Fertilizers
Raymond, Jay E.
Fox, Thomas R.
Strahm, Brian D.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
15N
forest fertilization
nitrogen cycle
plantation forestry
enhanced efficiency fertilizers
This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of using enhanced efficiency fertilizer (EEFs) products compared to urea to improve fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency (FNUE) in forest plantations. All fertilizer treatments were labeled with <sup>15</sup>N (0.5 atom percent) and applied to 100 m<sup>2</sup> circular plots at 12 loblolly pine stands (<i>Pinus taeda</i> L.) across the southeastern United States. Total fertilizer N recovery for fertilizer treatments was determined by sampling all primary ecosystem components and using a mass balance calculation. Significantly more fertilizer N was recovered for all EEFs compared to urea, but there were generally no differences among EEFs. The total fertilizer N ecosystem recovery ranged from 81.9% to 84.2% for EEFs compared to 65.2% for urea. The largest amount of fertilizer N recovered for all treatments was in the loblolly pine trees (EEFs: 38.5%–49.9%, urea: 34.8%) and soil (EEFs: 30.6%–38.8%, urea: 28.4%). This research indicates that a greater ecosystem fertilizer N recovery for EEFs compared to urea in southeastern pine plantations can potentially lead to increased FNUE in these systems.
2017-09-20T18:28:33Z
2017-09-20T18:28:33Z
2017-09-20T18:28:33Z
2016-11-11
Article - Refereed
Raymond, J.E.; Fox, T.R.; Strahm, B.D. Understanding the Fate of Applied Nitrogen in Pine Plantations of the Southeastern United States Using 15N Enriched Fertilizers. Forests 2016, 7, 270.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79301
https://doi.org/10.3390/f7110270
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1049922023-11-29T12:16:53Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_70873col_10919_24279
Alternate Trait-Based Leaf Respiration Schemes Evaluated at Ecosystem-Scale Through Carbon Optimization Modeling and Canopy Property Data
Thomas, R. Quinn
Williams, M.
Cavaleri, M. A.
Exbrayat, J. -F.
Smallman, T. L.
Street, L. E.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
Physical Sciences
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
carbon
Nitrogen
scaling
ecosystem modeling
Optimization
respiration
Rain forest
Primary productivity
ARCTIC TRANSECT
AREA INDEX
Plant
Photosynthesis
Nitrogen
Exchange
Climate
Evapotranspiration
0401 Atmospheric Sciences
Leaf maintenance respiration (Rleaf,m) is a major but poorly understood component of the terrestrial carbon cycle (C). Earth systems models (ESMs) use simple sub-models relating Rleaf,m to leaf traits, applied at canopy scale. Rleaf,m models vary depending on which leaf N traits they incorporate (e.g., mass or area based) and the form of relationship (linear or nonlinear). To simulate vegetation responses to global change, some ESMs include ecological optimization to identify canopy structures that maximize net C accumulation. However, the implications for optimization of using alternate leaf-scale empirical Rleaf,m models are undetermined. Here we combine alternate well-known empirical models of Rleaf,m with a process model of canopy photosynthesis. We quantify how net canopy exports of C vary with leaf area index (LAI) and total canopy N (TCN). Using data from tropical and arctic canopies, we show that estimates of canopy Rleaf,m vary widely among the three models. Using an optimization framework, we show that the LAI and TCN values maximizing C export depends strongly on the Rleaf,m model used. No single model could match observed arctic and tropical LAI-TCN patterns with predictions of optimal LAI-TCN. We recommend caution in using leaf-scale empirical models for components of ESMs at canopy-scale. Rleaf,m models may produce reasonable results for a specified LAI, but, due to their varied representations of Rleaf,mfoliar N sensitivity, are associated with different and potentially unrealistic optimization dynamics at canopy scale. We recommend ESMs to be evaluated using response surfaces of canopy C export in LAI-TCN space to understand and mitigate these risks.
2021-09-14T16:37:34Z
2021-09-14T16:37:34Z
2021-09-14T16:37:34Z
2019-12-25
Article - Refereed
1942-2466
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104992
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001679
11
12
Thomas, R. Quinn [0000-0003-1282-7825]
1942-2466
en
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000504282900001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
American Geophysical Union
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1129032023-11-29T19:06:48Zcom_10919_5540com_10919_24227com_10919_5532com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_71752col_10919_24302col_10919_24279
Estimation of mean dominant height using NAIP digital aerial photogrammetry and lidar over mixed deciduous forest in the southeastern USA
Prior, Elizabeth M.
Thomas, Valerie A.
Wynne, Randolph H.
Forestry
Lidar
Airborne laser scanning
Digital aerial photogrammetry
Mean dominant height
In the absence of complete lidar coverage, digital surface models (DSMs) and point clouds produced from the United States Department of Agriculture National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) are increasingly being analyzed for quality and application feasibility. This study compared canopy heights derived from NAIP DSMs (10 m) and point clouds to those derived from lidar data collected over Mountain Lake Biological Station and the Great Smoky Mountains Twin Creeks Site by the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) Airborne Observation Platform for 62 mixed deciduous tree plots. Mean dominant height (MDH) was estimated using lidar and the NAIP products using the 90th percentile of heights in a given plot as the independent variable for both the lidar-and NAIP-derived point clouds. The dependent variable was field-measured MDH, calculated using the four tallest trees for each 0.04-hectare plot based on the NEON woody vegetation structure dataset. All data (field and remotely sensed) were collected in 2018. Using maximum likelihood spatial error model for all analyses, the NAIP DSM (10 m resolution) resulted in a strong relationship with MDH (coefficient of determination (R-2) = 0.90, standard error (SE) = 1.71 m). However, the 90th percentiles of heights derived from the point clouds were better at estimating MDH than was the comparatively coarse resolution DSM (NAIP point clouds: R-2 = 0.94, SE = 1.40 m; lidar: R-2 = 0.95, SE= 1.29 m, respectively) and are strongly correlated to each other (R-2 = 0.99, SE = 0.68 m). The main limitation of the NAIP datasets was found to be where shadowing occurred due to steep terrain in the Great Smoky Mountain site. These areas resulted in erroneously high vegetation heights. Mean dominant heights estimated using NAIP DSMs and point clouds are thus comparable to those estimated using lidar data in these closed-canopy temperate deciduous forests where shadowing from steep terrain is not present. The utility of both the NAIP-derived 10 m DSM and the point clouds for estimating tree heights paves the way for statewide mapping of heights over the deciduous forests in Tennessee, Virginia, and possibly beyond.
2022-12-15T13:42:49Z
2022-12-15T13:42:49Z
2022-12-15T13:42:49Z
2022-06
Article - Refereed
1569-8432
102813
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/112903
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2022.102813
110
1872-826X
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
United States
Elsevier
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1049232023-11-29T19:06:49Zcom_10919_5540com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_71752col_10919_24279
Public food forest opportunities and challenges in small municipalities
Coffey, Sarah E.
Munsell, John F.
Hübner, Rico
Friedel, Curtis R.
The opportunities and challenges associated with public food forest initiatives in small municipalities are understudied compared with large metropolitan counterparts. Research in small population centers is needed to identify and understand factors affecting the growth of public food forests where resources more commonly available in cities often are lacking. To study these factors, we surveyed mayors in Virginia, United States, serving communities with populations under 25,000. Out of 176 mayors who received a paper survey through the mail, 68 (39%) responded. Mayors perceived long-term maintenance as the greatest barrier to public food forests and education, recreation, and spiritual experience as the most desirable benefits. Nearly 70% noted that their town has some form of food production on public land but only one-fifth include food-producing trees and shrubs. Most municipalities (78%) do not have food-producing trees and shrubs land use codes. Summated variables representing mayoral ratings of public support and physical space for food forests in their municipalities were used in a k-means cluster analysis to group towns into four types: (a) ambivalent and resource-poor, (b) optimistic and capable, (c) doubtful and unsupported, and (d) unsure with potential. Each community has unique challenges and opportunities, but mayors stressed that providing sociocultural programs and education rather than food access is the most compelling aspect of a public food forest.
2021-09-02T17:44:47Z
2021-09-02T17:44:47Z
2021-09-02T17:44:47Z
2021
Article - Refereed
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104923
https://doi.org/10.1002/uar2.20011
6
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Wiley
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1023722023-11-29T12:16:56Zcom_10919_23829com_10919_5553com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_23830col_10919_24279
A Near-Term Iterative Forecasting System Successfully Predicts Reservoir Hydrodynamics and Partitions Uncertainty in Real Time
Thomas, R. Quinn
Figueiredo, Renato J.
Daneshmand, Vahid
Bookout, Bethany J.
Puckett, Laura K.
Carey, Cayelan C.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
Biological Sciences
data assimilation
ecological forecasting
ensemble Kalman filter
FLARE
General Lake Model
water temperature
Freshwater ecosystems are experiencing greater variability due to human activities, necessitating new tools to anticipate future water quality. In response, we developed and deployed a real-time iterative water temperature forecasting system (FLARE-Forecasting Lake And Reservoir Ecosystems). FLARE is composed of water temperature and meteorology sensors that wirelessly stream data, a data assimilation algorithm that uses sensor observations to update predictions from a hydrodynamic model and calibrate model parameters, and an ensemble-based forecasting algorithm to generate forecasts that include uncertainty. Importantly, FLARE quantifies the contribution of different sources of uncertainty (driver data, initial conditions, model process, and parameters) to each daily forecast of water temperature at multiple depths. We applied FLARE to Falling Creek Reservoir (Vinton, Virginia, USA), a drinking water supply, during a 475-day period encompassing stratified and mixed thermal conditions. Aggregated across this period, root mean square error (RMSE) of daily forecasted water temperatures was 1.13 degrees C at the reservoir's near-surface (1.0 m) for 7-day ahead forecasts and 1.62 degrees C for 16-day ahead forecasts. The RMSE of forecasted water temperatures at the near-sediments (8.0 m) was 0.87 degrees C for 7-day forecasts and 1.20 degrees C for 16-day forecasts. FLARE successfully predicted the onset of fall turnover 4-14 days in advance in two sequential years. Uncertainty partitioning identified meteorology driver data as the dominant source of uncertainty in forecasts for most depths and thermal conditions, except for the near-sediments in summer, when model process uncertainty dominated. Overall, FLARE provides an open-source system for lake and reservoir water quality forecasting to improve real-time management.
2021-02-15T20:03:29Z
2021-02-15T20:03:29Z
2021-02-15T20:03:29Z
2020-11
Article - Refereed
0043-1397
e2019WR026138
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102372
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR026138
56
11
1944-7973
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1030152023-11-29T12:16:57Zcom_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_78630col_10919_24279
Characterizing the impact of climatic and price anomalies on agrosystems in the northwest United States
Wurster, Patrick
Maneta, Marco
Begueria, Santiago
Cobourn, Kelly M.
Maxwell, Bruce D.
Silverman, Nick
Ewing, Stephanie
Jensco, Kelsey
Gardner, Payton
Kimball, John
Holden, Zachary
Ji, Xinde
Vicente-Serrano, Sergio M.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
Agriculture
Climatic anomalies
Crop production
Drought
Standardized precipitation index (SPI)
Evaporative Demand Drought Index (EDDI)
We present an analysis of the sensitivity of three key crops (alfalfa, barley and winter wheat) produced in the northwestern United States to climatic and agricultural market anomalies using widely used standardized indices. Rather than investigating sensitivity of crop yields (production per unit area), we focus on agricultural production (yield * harvested area) anomalies, which captures both variations in yield and the effect of decision-making factors such as allocation of cropping area. We used two well-known standardized precipitation and reference evapotranspiration (ETo) indices (SPI and EDDI, respectively) and a standardized crop value index in a multivariate linear regression analysis to determine the characteristic timing and time-scales of precipitation and ETo anomalies that best explain annual crop production anomalies. Since climatic and market factors are standardized, regression coefficients are interpreted as a sensitivity measure that captures the relative effect of climatic and agricultural markets on agricultural production. Results show that alfalfa production was most sensitive climatic anomalies while barley and wheat production was more responsive to crop prices. Sensitivity to precipitation anomalies followed gradients in precipitation, temperature, and soil moisture regimes across the study area where drier and warmer climates were associated with increased sensitivity to climatic anomalies. We found that irrigation decoupled alfalfa production from climatic variability, but the effect of irrigation on decoupling barley production was less clear. Winter wheat production was most sensitive to price anomalies, and alfalfa was least sensitive. Omitting agricultural market conditions and other farmer incentives may introduce biases in our understanding of how drought and climate change impact agricultural production.
2021-04-14T12:54:49Z
2021-04-14T12:54:49Z
2021-04-14T12:54:49Z
2020-01-15
Article - Refereed
0168-1923
107778
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103015
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.107778
280
1873-2240
en
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Public Domain
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/251362023-11-29T12:16:58Zcom_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_24279
Kirch Flat Campground Recommendation Report
Shufelt, Becky
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
natural resource management
outdoor recreation
camping
U.S. Forest Service
Sierra National Forest
visitor use
Providing opportunities for outdoor recreation experiences on public lands is essential for the quality of life of individuals as well as beneficial to land management efforts by encouraging and developing stronger stewardship of forests on public land. However, outdoor recreation managers must balance the recreation and rejuvenation people seek from outdoor environments with the need to protect the resource. Using Kirch Flat Campground (50 miles southwest of Fresno, California, in the High Sierra Ranger District, Sierra National Forest) as a case study, the impacts of visitor use and current management practices on public lands were examined to reveal concerns and opportunities to improve and protect these resources. Information was obtained by personal site visits, discussions with recreation professionals and visitor interviews, previously-conducted visitor use surveys, Forest Service recreation site data from the INFRA database, the Sierra National Forest Land and Resource and Kings River Special Management Area management plans, peer-reviewed literature, and government agency publications which were used to develop recommendations. Long-term and short-term management solutions are suggested to promote the improvement of Kirch Flat Campground conditions, longevity of sustainable operations, protect natural resources, and provide visitors with an enjoyable experience that leaves the recreation site un-impaired for future generations, eliminating the possibility of a permanent site closure.
2014-01-23T14:29:00Z
2014-01-23T14:29:00Z
2014-01-23T14:29:00Z
2014-01-23
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/25136
en_US
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/970522023-11-29T12:44:38Zcom_10919_23967com_10919_5557com_10919_23964col_10919_24279col_10919_24331
Soil phosphorus fractions vary with harvest intensity and vegetation control at two contrasting Douglas-fir sites in the Pacific northwest
DeBruler, Daniel G.
Schoenholtz, Stephen H.
Slesak, Robert A.
Strahm, Brian D.
Harrington, Timothy B.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
Virginia Water Resources Research Center
Site-specific response
Scotch broom
Long-term soil productivity
Phosphorus
Selective dissolution extraction
Effects of intensive forest management on soil phosphorus (P) are unclear and may impact long-term site productivity. We assessed changes in P availability over 10 years associated with harvest intensity (bole-only vs. whole-tree harvest) and vegetation control treatments (initial vegetation control (IVC) vs. five years of annual vegetation control (AVC)) using a P fractionation procedure. Fractions were characterized at 0-15, 15-30, and 30-60 cm soil depths in two coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) plantations with strongly contrasting soil properties near Matlock, WA (young soils formed in glacial outwash) and Molalla, OR (relatively old soils formed in igneous residuum and exhibiting andic properties). Al and Fe concentrations associated with short-range order minerals were greater at Molalla than Matlock and generally decreased with depth at both sites. We observed decreases in most total-P and P-fraction concentrations across the three soil depths at the Molalla site. Effects were less pronounced and generally inconsistent at the Matlock site. Decreases in total P and P fraction concentrations were greatest in the AVC treatments at Matlock, but opposite trends were observed at Molalla where decreases were greatest with IVC. There was no difference between harvest treatments on the change in P fractions in most instances, with the exception of the 30-60 cm depth at Matlock where concentrations of some P fractions were maintained or increased with bole-only harvesting. Ten-year responses indicate harvest intensity has limited effects on long-term productivity associated with soil P because of the large size of the soil P pools and the relatively small changes in soil P that occurred with treatment. Decreases in P concentrations with AVC at Matlock and IVC at Molalla were larger than the other treatments and highlight the important role of vegetation in P dynamics following harvesting at these sites.
2020-02-26T14:07:59Z
2020-02-26T14:07:59Z
2020-02-26T14:07:59Z
2019-09-15
Article - Refereed
0016-7061
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97052
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.04.038
350
1872-6259
en
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/978402023-11-29T12:17:00Zcom_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_24279
Forest aboveground biomass mapping and estimation across multiple spatial scales using model-based inference
Chen, Qi
McRoberts, Ronald E.
Wang, Changwei
Radtke, Philip J.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
Biomass
Uncertainty
Lidar
Inventory plots
Destructive tree AGB measurements
Model-based inference
Remotely sensed data have been widely used in recent years for mapping and estimating biomass. However, the characterization of the uncertainty of mapped or estimated biomass in previous studies was either based on ad-hoc approaches (e.g., using model fitting statistics such root mean square errors derived from purposive samples) or mostly limited to the analysis of mean biomass for the whole study area. This study proposed a novel uncertainty analysis method that can characterize biomass uncertainty across multiple spatial scales and multiple spatial resolutions. The uncertainty analysis method built on model-based inference and can propagate errors from trees to field plots, individual pixels, and small areas or large regions that consist of multiple pixels (up to all pixels within a study area). We developed and tested this method over northern Minnesota forest areas of approximately 69,508 km(2) via a unique combination of several datasets for biomass mapping and estimation: wall-to-wall airborne lidar data, national forest inventory (NFI) plots, and destructive measurements of tree aboveground biomass (AGB). We found that the pixel-level AGB prediction error is dominated by lidar-based AGB model residual errors when the spatial resolution is near 380 m or finer and by model parameter estimate errors when the spatial resolution is coarser. We also found that the relative error of AGB predicted from lidar can be reduced to approximately 11% (or mean 5.1 Mg/ha; max 43.6 Mg/ha) at one-hectare scale (or at 100 m spatial resolution) over our study area. Because our uncertainty analysis method uses model-based inference and does not require probability samples of field plots, our methodology has potential applications worldwide, especially over tropics and developing countries where NFI systems are not well-established.
2020-04-20T14:48:00Z
2020-04-20T14:48:00Z
2020-04-20T14:48:00Z
2016-10
Article - Refereed
0034-4257
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97840
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.07.023
184
1879-0704
en
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1001052023-11-29T12:17:01Zcom_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_78630col_10919_24279
Understanding residents’ perspectives about drinking water in the Roanoke Valley
Grupper, Madeline A.
Sorice, Michael G.
water security
drinking water
reservoirs
water utility
trust
This document provides descriptive data for a survey conducted September through November of 2019 on a random sample of residents in the Roanoke Valley of Virginia who receive in-home water from a municipal source.
Details about sampling and data collection are available at:
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99860
2020-09-29T17:35:58Z
2020-09-29T17:35:58Z
2020-09-29T17:35:58Z
2020-09
Report
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100105
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Virginia
Roanoke
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/979162023-11-29T12:17:01Zcom_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_24279
The impact of aging on laboratory fire behaviour in masticated shrub fuelbeds of California and Oregon, USA
Kreye, Jesse K.
Varner, J. Morgan
Kane, Jeffrey M.
Knapp, Eric E.
Reed, Warren P.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
fireline intensity
fuel decomposition
fuels treatments
mechanical mastication
smouldering combustion
Mastication of shrubs and small trees to reduce fire hazard has become a widespread management practice, yet many aspects of the fire behaviour of these unique woody fuelbeds remain poorly understood. To examine the effects of fuelbed aging on fire behaviour, we conducted laboratory burns with masticated Arctostaphylos spp. and Ceanothus spp. woody debris that ranged from 2 to 16 years since treatment. Masticated fuels that were 10 years or older burned with 18 to 29% shorter flame heights and 19% lower fireline intensities compared with the younger fuelbeds across three different fuel loads (25, 50 and 75 Mg ha(-1)). Older fuelbeds smouldered for almost 50% longer than the younger masticated fuelbeds. Fuel consumption was 96% in the two higher fuel load categories regardless of fuelbed age, whereas consumption was 77% in the lighter fuel load. Fire intensity in masticated fuels may decrease over time owing to particle degradation, but in dry environments where decomposition is slow, combustion of the remaining fuels may still pose risks for tree mortality and smoke production associated with protracted smouldering.
2020-04-27T14:29:10Z
2020-04-27T14:29:10Z
2020-04-27T14:29:10Z
2016
Article - Refereed
1049-8001
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97916
https://doi.org/10.1071/WF15214
25
9
1448-5516
en
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1145462023-11-29T19:07:00Zcom_10919_5540com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_71752col_10919_24279
Increased Precision in County-Level Volume Estimates in the United States National Forest Inventory With Area-Level Small Area Estimation
Cao, Qianqian
Dettman, Garret, T.
Radtke, Philip J.
Coulston, John W.
Derwin, Jill
Thomas, Valerie A.
Burkhart, Harold E.
Wynne, Randolph H.
spatial Fay-Herriot models
model-assisted analysis
model-based estimation
composite estimators
forest inventory
Many National Forest Inventory (NFI) stakeholders would benefit from accurate estimates at finer geographic scales than most currently implemented in operational estimates using NFI sample data. In the past decade small area estimation techniques have been shown to increase precision in forest inventory estimates by combining field observations and remote-sensing.We sought to demonstrate the potential for improving the precision of forest inventory growing stock volume estimates for counties in United States of North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia, by pairing canopy height models from digital aerial photogrammetry (DAP) and field plot data from the United States NFI. Area-level Fay-Herriot estimators were used to avoid the need for precise (GPS) coordinates of field plots. Reductions in standard errors averaging 30% for North Carolina county estimates were observed, with 19% average reductions in standard errors in both Tennessee and Virginia. Accounting for spatial autocorrelation among adjacent counties provided further gains in precision when the three states were treated as a single forest land population; however, analyses conducted one state at a time showed that good results could be achieved without accounting for spatial autocorrelation. Apparent gains in sample sizes ranged from about 65% in Virginia to 128% in North Carolina, compared to the current number of inventory plots. Results should allow for determining whether acquisition of statewide DAP would be costeffective as a means for increasing the accuracy of county-level forest volume estimates in the United States NFI.
2023-04-18T17:54:51Z
2023-04-18T17:54:51Z
2023-04-18T17:54:51Z
2022-04-26
Article - Refereed
Cao Q, Dettmann GT, Radtke PJ, Coulston JW, Derwin J, Thomas VA, Burkhart HE and Wynne RH (2022) Increased Precision in County-Level Volume Estimates in the United States National Forest Inventory With Area-Level Small Area Estimation. Front. For. Glob. Change 5:769917. doi: 10.3389/ffgc.2022.769917
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/114546
https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2022.769917
5
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Frontiers Media
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1182542024-03-06T09:37:45Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_70873col_10919_24279
Using i-Tree Canopy to Assess Tree Canopy Cover and Ecosystem Services of Three Urban Forests Within the George Washington Memorial Parkway
Wiseman, P. Eric
Chambard, Agustin
Kelsch, Paul
Heavers, Nathan
2024-03-04T15:40:20Z
2024-03-04T15:40:20Z
2024-03-04T15:40:20Z
2023-08-05
Report
https://hdl.handle.net/10919/118254
Wiseman, Phillip [0000-0002-5743-7612]
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
Virginia
United States
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1047182023-11-29T19:07:12Zcom_10919_5540com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_71752col_10919_24279
Exploring pathways to participation in an at-risk species conservation program
Sorice, Michael G.
Donlan, C. Josh
Santo, Anna R.
Luque, Gloria M.
Hagen, Christian A.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
The success of conservation efforts for imperiled and endangered wildlife species relies on private landowners, yet a definitive model of landowner cooperation remains elusive. We use a case study to explore the multiple pathways by which demographics, rootedness, resource dependence, environmental attitudes, social influence, and program structure intersect to jointly explain participation in a federally funded cost-share program to help prevent the Lesser Prairie-Chicken from being listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. We conducted structured interviews across three ecoregions with 64 participants and 22 nonparticipants. We analyzed the data using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, an approach that identifies the multiple combinations of conditions related to engagement in the program. We found that two concepts, landowner characteristics and social influence, were most commonly associated with participation while profiles representing typical landowner tropes performed poorly. Finally, the positive effect of encouragement by agency representatives suggests that agency staff play a central role in determining participation. It also suggests landowners' decision processes may not be as deliberative as the literature on private lands conservation suggests. The results of our case study suggest new avenues for research that explicitly consider the role of heuristics in decisions to participate.
2021-08-26T18:36:22Z
2021-08-26T18:36:22Z
2021-08-26T18:36:22Z
2021-07-27
Article - Refereed
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104718
https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.489
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Attribution 4.0 International
Society for Conservation Biology
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/960352023-11-29T19:07:16Zcom_10919_5540com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_71752col_10919_24279
Phenotypic and Genomic Local Adaptation across Latitude and Altitude in Populus trichocarpa
Zhang, Man
Suren, Haktan
Holliday, Jason A.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
local adaptation
parallel evolution
population genomics
forest genetics
Local adaptation to climate allows plants to cope with temporally and spatially heterogeneous environments, and parallel phenotypic clines provide a natural experiment to uncover the genomic architecture of adaptation. Though extensive effort has been made to investigate the genomic basis of local adaptation to climate across the latitudinal range of tree species, less is known for altitudinal clines. We used exome capture to genotype 451 Populus trichocarpa genotypes across altitudinal and latitudinal gradients spanning the natural species range, and phenotyped these trees for a variety of adaptive traits in two common gardens. We observed clinal variation in phenotypic traits across the two transects,which indicates climate-driven selection, and coupled gene-based genotype–phenotype and genotype–environment association scans to identify imprints of climatic adaptation on the genome. Although many of the phenotype-and climate-associated genes were unique to one transect, we found evidence of parallelism between latitude and altitude, as well as significant convergence when we compared our outlier genes with those putatively involved in climatic adaptation in two gymnosperm species. These results suggest that not only genomic constraint during adaptation to similar environmental gradients in poplar but also different environmental contexts, spatial scale, and perhaps redundant function among potentially adaptive genes and polymorphisms lead to divergent adaptive architectures.
2019-12-19T17:37:49Z
2019-12-19T17:37:49Z
2019-12-19T17:37:49Z
2019-07-10
Article - Refereed
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/96035
https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evz151
11
8
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Oxford University Press
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/932322023-11-29T19:07:18Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_5540com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_78882col_10919_71752col_10919_24279
Soil Disturbance Effects from Tethered Forwarding on Steep Slopes in Brazilian Eucalyptus Plantations
Garren, Austin M.
Bolding, M. Chad
Aust, W. Michael
Moura, Angelo C.
Barrett, Scott M.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
tethered logging
cable-assisted logging
steep slope logging
soil impacts
bulk density
erosion
rut depth
Brazil
forwarder
cut-to-length
Traditional timber harvests on steep slopes have been conducted through labor-intensive and sometimes environmentally impactful methods, such as manual felling with chainsaws and extraction using bladed skid trails, winching, or cable yarding. Ground-based mechanized harvesting and primary transportation methods such as cut-to-length harvesters and forwarders have emerged in some parts of the world as low-impact, safe, and efficient alternatives to the aforementioned systems. However, when mechanized operations are used on steep terrain, problems such as poor stability, loss of traction, and increased soil disturbance can occur. Tethered or winch-assisted logging practices are being tested and applied in several countries to adapt to challenges associated with operating equipment on steep slopes while minimizing environmental impact. To better understand the feasibility of these systems, we conducted a designed experiment to quantify changes in soil properties and predicted erosion resulting from varying numbers of passes and payload levels by a forwarder operating on slopes ranging from 27 to 38 degrees. The machine was equipped with two different track configurations, tethered by either a machine-mounted or self-contained winch, in eucalyptus plantations in Brazil. On low slopes, bulk density significantly increased, but it did not increase on steeper slopes; this demonstrates traction winches’ effectiveness at reducing concentrated ground pressures. Rut depths were minimal and decreased with increasing slope classes due to reduced track slippage. Predicted erosion rates were high, primarily due to the extremely steep, long slopes and lack of adequate cover in some portions of the trail, illustrating the importance of proper erosion management practices on steep slopes.
2019-08-23T11:59:31Z
2019-08-23T11:59:31Z
2019-08-23T11:59:31Z
2019-08-22
Article - Refereed
Garren, A.M.; Bolding, M.C.; Aust, W.M.; Moura, A.C.; Barrett, S.M. Soil Disturbance Effects from Tethered Forwarding on Steep Slopes in Brazilian Eucalyptus Plantations. Forests 2019, 10, 721.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/93232
https://doi.org/10.3390/f10090721
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Brazil
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/767092023-11-29T19:07:21Zcom_10919_5540com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_71752col_10919_24279
A life course approach to understanding social drivers of rangeland conversion
Hurst, Kristin F.
Ramsdell, C. Paxton
Sorice, Michael G.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
grassland conservation
land use change
life histories
Grassland to woodland conversion, also known as woody plant encroachment (WPE), is a global-scale phenomena caused in large part by changes in social processes that affect rural land use patterns. Woody plant encroachment has raised serious concerns for species conservation, provision of ecosystem services, and viability of rural livelihoods and cultures. We examined the social drivers of WPE using a case study of rangelands in a semi-arid watershed. We employed the life course framework to understand how ranchers have made land ranch management decisions in the context of time, culture, and social change. We interviewed landowners whose families have been on the land for at least two generations to examine (1) the social context influencing a landowner’s decision to increase or decrease their involvement in ranching over their life span, and (2) the historical events that facilitated constrained involvement. We relate these changes in involvement to the expansion of woody plants. Three major turning points were related to changes in ranching involvement: graduating high school, retirement, and infirmity of a parent. We found that changes in ranching involvement were influenced by large-scale shifts in culture, market regulations, and land values throughout the 20th century. These shifts led to three behavioral changes on the land that facilitated WPE: (1) changes in livestock following the collapse of the sheep and goat market, (2) increased popularity of hunting, and (3) decreased labor availability on the ranch. These observations illustrate the complex social and ecological forces at work throughout the 20th century that have led to land transformation in central Texas.
2017-03-28T17:31:57Z
2017-03-28T17:31:57Z
2017-03-28T17:31:57Z
2017-01
Article - Refereed
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76709
https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-08990-220119
22
1
en_US
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
Ecology and Society
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/903002023-11-29T12:17:28Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557com_10919_25796col_10919_70873col_10919_24279col_10919_25797
Structure and Function of Ecosystems Mission
Wynne, Randolph H.
Ranson, Jon
Thomas, Valerie A.
Campbell, Petya
Cavender-Bares, Jeannine
Dabney, Philip
Gamon, John
Huemmrich, Fred
Harding, David
McCorkel, Joel
Middleton, Elizabeth
Parker, Geoffrey
Torres, Victor
Townsend, Philip A.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
Fralin Life Sciences Institute
2019-06-19T12:30:49Z
2019-06-19T12:30:49Z
2019-06-19T12:30:49Z
2019-06-13
Conference proceeding
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90300
Wynne, Randolph [0000-0003-3649-835X]
Surface Biology and Geology (SBG) Community Workshop
https://frec.vt.edu/people/Wynne.html
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/867762023-11-29T12:17:29Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24227com_10919_5532com_10919_23747com_10919_5539com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_70873col_10919_24302col_10919_23748col_10919_24279
Effects of Large Wood on Floodplain Connectivity in a Headwater Mid-Atlantic Stream
Keys, Tyler A.
Governer, Heather
Jones, C. Nathan
Hession, W. Cully
Hester, Erich T.
Scott, Durelle T.
Civil and Environmental Engineering
Biological Systems Engineering
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
04 Earth Sciences
05 Environmental Sciences
09 Engineering
Environmental Engineering
Large wood (LW) plays an essential role in aquatic ecosystem health and function. Traditionally, LW has been removed from streams to minimize localized flooding and increase conveyance efficiency. More recently, LW is often added to streams as a component of stream and river restoration activities. While much research has focused on the role of LW in habitat provisioning, geomorphic stability, and hydraulics at low to medium flows, we know little about the role of LW during storm events. To address this question, we investigated the role of LW on floodplain connectivity along a headwater stream in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Specifically, we conducted two artificial floods, one with and one without LW, and then utilized field measurements in conjunction with hydrodynamic modeling to quantify floodplain connectivity during the experimental floods and to characterize potential management variables for optimized restoration activities. Experimental observations show that the addition of LW increased maximum floodplain inundation extent by 34%, increased floodplain inundation depth by 33%, and decreased maximum thalweg velocity by 10%. Model results demonstrated that different placement of LW along the reach has the potential to increase floodplain flow by up to 40%, with highest flooding potential at cross sections with high longitudinal velocity and shallow depth. Additionally, model simulations show that the effects of LW on floodplain discharge decrease as storm recurrence interval increases, with no measurable impact at a recurrence interval of more than 25 years.
2019-01-18T19:48:32Z
2019-01-18T19:48:32Z
2019-01-18T19:48:32Z
2018-05-08
Article - Refereed
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86776
118
Scott, Durelle [0000-0002-5792-789X]
Hession, William [0000-0002-6323-3827]
Hester, Erich [0000-0002-7510-5136]
en
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/973062023-11-29T12:17:30Zcom_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_24279
Temporal Dynamics of Aerodynamic Canopy Height Derived From Eddy Covariance Momentum Flux Data Across North American Flux Networks
Chu, Housen
Baldocchi, Dennis D.
Poindexter, Cristina
Abraha, Michael
Desai, Ankur R.
Bohrer, Gil
Arain, M. Altaf
Griffis, Timothy
Blanken, Peter D.
O'Halloran, Thomas L.
Thomas, R. Quinn
Zhang, Quan
Burns, Sean P.
Frank, John M.
Christian, Dold
Brown, Shannon
Black, T. Andrew
Gough, Christopher M.
Law, Beverly E.
Lee, Xuhui
Chen, Jiquan
Reed, David E.
Massman, William J.
Clark, Kenneth
Hatfield, Jerry
Prueger, John
Bracho, Rosvel
Baker, John M.
Martin, Timothy A.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
momentum flux
AmeriFlux
eddy covariance
canopy height
phenology
Aerodynamic canopy height (h(a)) is the effective height of vegetation canopy for its influence on atmospheric fluxes and is a key parameter of surface-atmosphere coupling. However, methods to estimate h(a) from data are limited. This synthesis evaluates the applicability and robustness of the calculation of h(a) from eddy covariance momentum-flux data. At 69 forest sites, annual h(a) robustly predicted site-to-site and year-to-year differences in canopy heights (R-2=0.88, 111site-years). At 23 cropland/grassland sites, weekly h(a) successfully captured the dynamics of vegetation canopies over growing seasons (R-2>0.70 in 74site-years). Our results demonstrate the potential of flux-derived h(a) determination for tracking the seasonal, interannual, and/or decadal dynamics of vegetation canopies including growth, harvest, land use change, and disturbance. The large-scale and time-varying h(a) derived from flux networks worldwide provides a new benchmark for regional and global Earth system models and satellite remote sensing of canopy structure. Plain Language Summary Vegetation canopy height is a key descriptor of the Earth surface and is in use by many modeling and conservation applications. However, large-scale and time-varying data of canopy heights are often unavailable. This synthesis evaluates the applicability and robustness of the calculation of canopy heights from the momentum flux data measured at eddy covariance flux tower sites (i.e., meteorological observation towers with high frequency measurements of wind speed and surface fluxes). We show that the aerodynamic estimation of annual canopy heights robustly predicts the site-to-site and year-to-year differences in canopy heights across a wide variety of forests. The weekly aerodynamic canopy heights successfully capture the dynamics of vegetation canopies over growing seasons at cropland and grassland sites. Our results demonstrate the potential of aerodynamic canopy heights for tracking the seasonal, interannual, and/or decadal dynamics of vegetation canopies including growth, harvest, land use change, and disturbance. Given the amount of data collected and the diversity of vegetation covered by the global networks of eddy covariance flux tower sites, the flux-derived canopy height has great potential for providing a new benchmark for regional and global Earth system models and satellite remote sensing of canopy structure.
2020-03-10T17:47:48Z
2020-03-10T17:47:48Z
2020-03-10T17:47:48Z
2018-09-16
Article - Refereed
0094-8276
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97306
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079306
45
17
1944-8007
en
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/522702023-11-29T12:17:31Zcom_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_24279
Sound transmission loss of gypsum wallboard wall partitions
Green, David W.
Sherry, C. W.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
Acoustic transmission
Glues
Multilayers
Using the data bank of the acoustic laboratory of Domtar Research, statistical equations based on frequency and surface density were derived for predicting sound transmission loss (STL) and sound transmission class (STC) of double leaf wall partitions constructed using gypsum wallboard and either steel or wood studs. The equations show close agreement with experimental data for all frequency bands except those near the coincidence dip. Results predicted using these equations also agree closely with experimental results published by other laboratories. Using these equations the effect of frequency, surface density and cavity filler on STL and STC is easily seen. However, the study also revealed some unexpected results whether or not a partition was (1): Balanced- as to board placement did not significantly affect the STC of either steel or wood stud partitions. (2) For multilayer wood stud partitions attaching the second layer of board to the first with screws, rather than using glue, dramatically reduced the STL at higher frequencies. For higher surface density partitions this decrease may negate any benefits to be derived from adding fiberglass to the cavity space.
2015-05-13T22:16:50Z
2015-05-13T22:16:50Z
2015-05-13T22:16:50Z
1977
Abstract
Green, D. W., & Sherry, C. W. (1977). Sound transmission loss of gypsum wallboard wall partitions. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 62, S40-S41. doi: 10.1121/1.2016177
0001-4966
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52270
http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/62/S1/10.1121/1.2016177
https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2016177
en_US
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
Acoustical Society of America
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/742562024-03-13T14:09:45Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557com_10919_23964col_10919_70873col_10919_24279col_10919_24331
Storage selection functions: A coherent framework for quantifying how catchments store and release water and solutes
Rinaldo, Andrea
Benettin, Paolo
Harman, C. J.
Hrachowitz, M.
McGuire, Kevin J.
van der Velde, Y.
Bertuzzo, E.
Botter, Gianluca
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
Virginia Water Resources Research Center
Environmental Sciences
Limnology
Water Resources
Environmental Sciences & Ecology
Marine & Freshwater Biology
basin-scale transport
hydrologic response
mixing and dispersion
residence time distributions
travel time distributions
biogeochemical processes
TRANSIT-TIME DISTRIBUTIONS
GROUNDWATER AGE
RESIDENCE TIME
DOUBLE PARADOX
TRANSPORT
FLOW
RUNOFF
MODELS
CHLORIDE
TRACER
2017-01-12T01:21:39Z
2017-01-12T01:21:39Z
2017-01-12T01:21:39Z
2015-06-01
Editorial
0043-1397
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74256
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017273
51
6
McGuire, Kevin J. [0000-0001-5751-3956]
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000358301200055&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
American Geophysical Union
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/979732023-11-29T12:17:33Zcom_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_24279
A proposed method for estimating interception from near-surface soil moisture response
Acharya, Subodh
McLaughlin, Daniel L.
Kaplan, David
Cohen, Matthew J.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
Interception is the storage and subsequent evaporation of rainfall by above-ground structures, including canopy and groundcover vegetation and surface litter. Accurately quantifying interception is critical for understanding how ecosystems partition incoming precipitation, but it is difficult and costly to measure, leading most studies to rely on modeled interception estimates. Moreover, forest interception estimates typically focus only on canopy storage, despite the potential for substantial interception by groundcover vegetation and surface litter. In this study, we developed an approach to quantify "total" interception (i.e., including forest canopy, understory, and surface litter layers) using measurements of shallow soil moisture dynamics during rainfall events. Across 34 pine and mixed forest stands in Florida (USA), we used soil moisture and precipitation (P) data to estimate interception storage capacity (beta(s)), a parameter required to estimate total annual interception (I-a) relative to P. Estimated values for beta(s)(mean beta(s) = 0.30 cm; 0.01 <= beta(s) <= 0.62 cm) and I-a/P (mean I-a/P = 0.14; 0.06 <= I-a/P <= 0.21) were broadly consistent with reported literature values for these ecosystems and were significantly predicted by forest structural attributes (leaf area index and percent ground cover) as well as other site variables (e.g., water table depth). The best-fit model was dominated by LAI and explained nearly 80 % of observed beta(s) variation. These results suggest that whole-forest interception can be estimated using near-surface soil moisture time series, though additional direct comparisons would further support this assertion. Additionally, variability in interception across a single forest type underscores the need for expanded empirical measurement. Potential cost savings and logistical advantages of this proposed method relative to conventional, labor-intensive interception measurements may improve empirical estimation of this critical water budget element.
2020-05-05T19:12:11Z
2020-05-05T19:12:11Z
2020-05-05T19:12:11Z
2020-04-15
Article - Refereed
1027-5606
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97973
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1859-2020
24
4
1607-7938
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1144692023-11-29T12:17:34Zcom_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_24279
Vegetative buffer strips show limited effectiveness for reducing antibiotic transport in surface runoff
Moody, Adam H.
Lerch, Robert N.
Goyne, Keith W.
Anderson, Stephen H.
Mendoza-Cozatl, David G.
Alvarez, David A.
Dissolved organic-matter
veterinary antibiotics
herbicide transport
ground-water
grass
soil
sorption
pharmaceuticals
agroforestry
sulfamethazine
Vegetative buffer strips (VBS) have been demonstrated to effectively reduce loads of sediment, nutrients, and herbicides in surface runoff, but their effectiveness for reducing veterinary antibiotic (VA) loads in runoff has not been well documented. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of VBS vegetation and width on surface runoff loads of the VAs sulfamethazine (SMZ) and lincomycin (LIN). Experimental design of the plots (1.5 x 25 m) was a two-way factorial with four vegetation treatments (tall fescue [Festuca aruninacea Schreb.]; tall fescue with switchgrass [Panicum virgatum L.] hedge; warm-season native grass mix; and continuous fallow control), and four buffer widths (0, 2, 5, and 9 m). Turkey litter spiked with SMZ and LIN was applied to the source area (upper 7 m) of each plot, and runoff was collected at each width. Runoff was generated with a rotating boom simulator. Results showed VA loads in runoff at the 0-m sampler ranged from 3.8 to 5.9% of applied, and overall VA transport in runoff was predominately in the dissolved phase (90% for SMZ and 99% for LIN). Among vegetation treatments, only tall fescue significantly reduced loads of SMZ and LIN compared with the control, with load reductions of similar to 30% for both VAs. Estimated field-scale reductions in VA loads showed that source-to-buffer area ratios (SBARs) of 10:1 to 20:1 reduced VA loads by only 7 to 16%. Overall, the grass VBS tested here were less effective at reducing SMZ and LIN loads in surface runoff than has been previously demonstrated for sediment, nutrients, and herbicides.
2023-04-11T16:56:09Z
2023-04-11T16:56:09Z
2023-04-11T16:56:09Z
2023-01
Article - Refereed
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/114469
https://doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.20441
52
1
36417934
1537-2537
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Wiley
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1023212023-11-29T12:17:34Zcom_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_24279
Drought resistance and gum yield performances in a Senegalia senegal (L.) Britton progeny trial in Senegal
Sarr, Mame Sokhna
Seiler, John R.
Sullivan, Jay
Diallo, Adja M.
Strahm, Brian D.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
Provenances
Gum Arabic
WUE
delta C-13 analysis
Ploidy
Drought
With continued global change as a result of land use changes, invasive species and changing climatic patterns, it is becoming increasingly important to understand the adaptability of Senegalia senegal provenances to maximize resilience in managed and natural populations of this species. The objective of this study is to investigate Senegalia senegal genotypic differences in water use efficiency (WUE) measured by stable C-13 isotope composition in foliage according to their ploidy levels. Secondary objectives are to discuss inherent adaptive variation related to soil pH, survival, growth indexes, gum arabic yield and WUE within provenance in the climate change context. A Senegalia senegal progeny trial, in Dahra, Senegal was used in this study: 443 adult trees consisting of 60 families nested within 4 provenances were assessed in this study. Results showed significant differences in gum yield among provenances (P = 0.0002) and families (P < 0.0001). Diamenar and Ngane provenances showed overall similar annual gum yield despite a lower tree survival rate of Ngane than Diamenar. Growth traits, especially stem volume index and crown area index were larger on Ngane provenance, which also displayed significantly higher foliar WUE and lower leaf area index (LAI) than the other provenances. WUE was positively correlated with gum yield (P = 0.0302), but the coefficient of determination was only 2%. Foliar delta C-13 varied significantly (P < 0.0001) between diploids (- 27.91 parts per thousand) and polyploids (- 27.12 parts per thousand). However, within each provenance no significant difference was found. Only 15% of isotope compositions could be explained by ploidy level variation. Differences found in growth and gum yield may be attributed to genotype-specific variation. However, a significant correlation between soil pH and tree survival rate was found (P = 0.0051; r = 0.60). This study confirmed a possible improvement of the gum arabic sector through genotype based selection. Ngane and Diamenar seem to be more profitable to grow in Dahra than the other tested provenances. Future research should investigate the effect of soil pH, other soil physical and chemical properties, and management activities to improve site quality on tree survival and gum yields among provenances. Further, more research is needed to clarify inherent traits underlying drought tolerance in the field and gum yield performance.
2021-02-10T13:16:05Z
2021-02-10T13:16:05Z
2021-02-10T13:16:05Z
2021-01-18
Article - Refereed
0169-4286
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102321
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-020-09825-y
1573-5095
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/742622024-03-13T14:09:45Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557com_10919_23964col_10919_70873col_10919_24279col_10919_24331
Cross-regional prediction of long-term trajectory of stream water DOC response to climate change
Laudon, Hjalmar
Buttle, J.
Carey, S. K.
McDonnell, J.
McGuire, Kevin J.
Seibert, J.
Shanley, James B.
Soulsby, C.
Tetzlaff, D.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
Virginia Water Resources Research Center
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Geology
DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON
CATCHMENT-SCALE
FOREST ECOSYSTEMS
NORTHERN SWEDEN
RESIDENCE TIME
BOREAL STREAMS
SOIL
RUNOFF
MATTER
EXPORT
There is no scientific consensus about how dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in surface waters is regulated. Here we combine recent literature data from 49 catchments with detailed stream and catchment process information from nine well established research catchments at mid- to high latitudes to examine the question of how climate controls stream water DOC. We show for the first time thatmean annual temperature (MAT) in the range from -3 to +10 degrees C has a strong control over the regional stream water DOC concentration in catchments, with highest concentrations in areas ranging between 0 and +3 degrees C MAT. Although relatively large deviations from thismodel occur for individual streams, catchment topography appears to explain much of this divergence. These findings suggest that the long-term trajectory of stream water DOC response to climate change may be more predictable than previously thought.
2017-01-12T01:32:31Z
2017-01-12T01:32:31Z
2017-01-12T01:32:31Z
2012-09-22
Article - Refereed
0094-8276
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74262
https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053033
39
McGuire, Kevin J. [0000-0001-5751-3956]
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000309137800005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
American Geophysical Union
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1017662023-11-29T12:17:36Zcom_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_24279
Investigating impacts of drought and disturbance on evapotranspiration over a forested landscape in North Carolina, USA using high spatiotemporal resolution remotely sensed data
Yang, Yun
Anderson, Martha C.
Gao, Feng
Hain, Christopher R.
Noormets, Asko
Sun, Ge
Wynne, Randolph H.
Thomas, Valerie A.
Sun, Liang
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
Evapotranspiration (ET)
Drought
Disturbance
Forest
Landsat
Time series
Data fusion
Forest ecosystem services such as clean water, wildlife habitat, and timber supplies are increasingly threatened by drought and disturbances (e.g., harvesting, fires and conversion to other uses), which can have great impacts on stand development and water balance. Improved understanding of the hydrologic response of forested systems to drought and disturbance at spatiotemporal resolutions commensurate with these impacts is important for effective forest management. Evapotranspiration (ET) is a key hydrologic variable in assessing forest functioning and health, but it remains a challenge to accurately quantify ET at landscape scales with the spatial and temporal detail required for effective decision-making. In this study, we apply a multi-sensor satellite data fusion approach to study the response of forest ET to drought and disturbance over a 7-year period. This approach combines Landsat and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) ET product time series retrieved using a surface energy balance model to generate a multi-year ET datacube at 30-m resolution and daily timesteps. The study area (similar to 900 km(2)) contains natural and managed forest as well as croplands in the humid lower coastal plains in North Carolina, USA, and the simulation period from 2006 to 2012 includes both normal and severe drought conditions. The model results were evaluated at two AmeriFlux sites (US-NC2 and US-NC1) dominated by a mature and a recently clearcut pine plantation, respectively, and showed good agreement with observed fluxes, with 813% relative errors at monthly timesteps. Changes in water use patterns in response to drought and disturbance as well as forest stand aging were assessed using the remotely sensed time series describing total evapotranspiration, the transpiration (T) component of ET, and a moisture stress metric given by the actual-to-reference ET ratio (f(RET)). Analyses demonstrate differential response to drought by land cover type and stand age, with larger impacts on total ET observed in young pine stands than in mature stands which have substantially deeper rooting systems. Transpiration flux shows a clear ascending trend with the growth of young pine plantations, while stand thinning within the plantation leads to decreases in both remotely sensed leaf area index and T, as expected. Time series maps of f(RET) anomalies at 30-m resolution capture signals of drought, disturbance and the subsequent recovery after clearcut at the stand scale and may be an effective indicator for water use change detection and monitoring in forested landscapes.
2021-01-07T15:04:12Z
2021-01-07T15:04:12Z
2021-01-07T15:04:12Z
2020-03-01
Article - Refereed
0034-4257
111018
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101766
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2018.12.017
238
1879-0704
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1149712023-11-29T12:17:37Zcom_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_24279
Using population surveys and models to reassess the conservation status of an endemic Amazonian titi monkey in a deforestation hotspot
Silva, Felipe Ennes
Pacca, Luciana Gosi
Lemos, Lisley Pereira
Gusmao, Almerio Camara
da Silva, Odair Diogo
Dalponte, Julio Cesar
Franco, Caetano L. B.
Santana, Marcelo Ismar
Buss, Gerson
El Bizri, Hani R.
Amazon rainforest
Arc of Deforestation
conservation status
habitat loss
IUCN Red List
Least Concern
Plecturocebus bernhardi
primate conservation
Assessing the conservation status of species is essential for implementing appropriate conservation measures. A lack of evidence of threats, rather than showing an absence of impacts, could reflect a lack of studies on how human activities could result in species population declines. The range of Prince Bernhard's titi monkey Plecturocebus bernhardi is restricted to the Arc of Deforestation, a deforestation hotspot in south-eastern Amazonia. Despite this, it is categorized as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. To reassess the conservation status of P. bernhardi, we carried out surveys during 2015-2017 to delimit the geographical distribution of the species and estimate its population density and abundance. We then used spatial predictive modelling to examine future habitat and population loss within its range. Plecturocebus bernhardi occurs over an area of 131,295 km(2). Its mean group size was 2.8 individuals/group and its density 10.8 individuals/km(2) and 3.8 groups/km(2). Habitat loss was estimated to be 58,365 km(2) (32.3% of its current range) over the next 24 years (three P. bernhardi generations) under a conservative governance model of deforestation and 105,289 km(2) (58.3%) under a business-as-usual model. These numbers indicate that P. bernhardi is threatened and should be categorized as Vulnerable, at least, using the IUCN Red List criteria. We recommend the reassessment of other Least Concern primate species from the Arc of Deforestation using a similar approach.
2023-05-08T18:03:52Z
2023-05-08T18:03:52Z
2023-05-08T18:03:52Z
2022-11
Article - Refereed
PII S0030605322000655
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/114971
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605322000655
56
6
1365-3008
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Cambridge University Press
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/829142023-11-29T12:17:38Zcom_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_78630col_10919_78882col_10919_24279
Community Earth System Model Simulations Reveal the Relative Importance of Afforestation and Forest Management to Surface Temperature in Eastern North America
Ahlswede, Benjamin J.
Thomas, R. Quinn
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
afforestation
albedo
biophysics
earth system modeling
forest-climate interactions
surface air temperature
temperate forests
Afforestation changes the land surface energy balance, though the effects on climate in temperate regions is uncertain, particularly the changes associated with forest management. In this study, we used idealized Community Earth System Model simulations to assess the influence of afforestation and afforestation management in eastern North America on climate via changes in the biophysics of the land surface. Afforestation using broadleaf deciduous trees maintained at high leaf area index (LAI) in the southern part of the study region provided the greatest climate benefit by cooling summer surface air temperatures (T<sub>sa</sub>). In contrast, the greatest warming occurred in the northern extent of the study region when afforesting with needleleaf evergreen trees maintained at high LAI. Forest management had an equal or greater influence on T<sub>sa</sub> than the overall decision to afforest land in the southern extent of the region. Afforestation had a greater influence on T<sub>sa</sub> than forest management in the northern extent. Integrating our results, focused on biophysical processes, with other research quantifying carbon cycle sensitivity to management can help guide the use of temperate afforestation to optimize climate benefits. Further, our results highlight the potential importance of including forest management in simulations of past and future climate.
2018-04-25T17:16:21Z
2018-04-25T17:16:21Z
2018-04-25T17:16:21Z
2017-12-13
Article - Refereed
Ahlswede, B.J.; Thomas, R.Q. Community Earth System Model Simulations Reveal the Relative Importance of Afforestation and Forest Management to Surface Temperature in Eastern North America. Forests 2017, 8, 499.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82914
https://doi.org/10.3390/f8120499
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/191612023-12-11T11:08:13Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_18629col_10919_24279
Targeted enrichment of the black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) gene space using sequence capture
Zhou, Lecong
Holliday, Jason A.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
Background
High-throughput re-sequencing is rapidly becoming the method of choice for studies of neutral and adaptive processes in natural populations across taxa. As re-sequencing the genome of large numbers of samples is still cost-prohibitive in many cases, methods for genome complexity reduction have been developed in attempts to capture most ecologically-relevant genetic variation. One of these approaches is sequence capture, in which oligonucleotide baits specific to genomic regions of interest are synthesized and used to retrieve and sequence those regions.
Results
We used sequence capture to re-sequence most predicted exons, their upstream regulatory regions, as well as numerous random genomic intervals in a panel of 48 genotypes of the angiosperm tree Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood, or ‘poplar’). A total of 20.76Mb (5%) of the poplar genome was targeted, corresponding to 173,040 baits. With 12 indexed samples run in each of four lanes on an Illumina HiSeq instrument (2x100 paired-end), 86.8% of the bait regions were on average sequenced at a depth ≥10X. Few off-target regions (>250bp away from any bait) were present in the data, but on average ~80bp on either side of the baits were captured and sequenced to an acceptable depth (≥10X) to call heterozygous SNPs. Nucleotide diversity estimates within and adjacent to protein-coding genes were similar to those previously reported in Populus spp., while intergenic regions had higher values consistent with a relaxation of selection.
Conclusions
Our results illustrate the efficiency and utility of sequence capture for re-sequencing highly heterozygous tree genomes, and suggest design considerations to optimize the use of baits in future studies.
2013-01-10T20:10:16Z
2013-01-10T20:10:16Z
2013-01-10T20:10:16Z
2012-12-14
Article - Refereed
BMC Genomics. 2012 Dec 14;13(1):703
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/19161
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-13-703
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Lecong Zhou et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1077702023-11-29T12:18:05Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_70873col_10919_24279
Computer Technology Anyone Can Use for Community Forest Stewardship
Wiseman, P. Eric
Computer technology plays an important role in planning, monitoring, and stewarding community forests. These tools can greatly enhance our understanding of community forests and empower communities to make better decisions about planting and conserving trees. Advancements in computer technology, including mobile apps and web-based programs, make it easier than ever for volunteers and citizen scientists to study trees, share information, and mobilize action for healthier, sustainable community forests. In this session, a demonstration will be given of several types of computer technology that are all freely available, appropriate for citizen scientists, and address various aspects of community forestry. Several tools from the i-Tree suite will be demonstrated, including i-Tree MyTree, i-Tree Design, and i-Tree Planting, and i-Tree Canopy. Tips will also be provided for conducting a community tree inventory using mobile technology. After attending this session, participants should understand why information is important for community forest stewardship, what types of computer technology are available to study community forests, and how they can get starting on using computer technology to improve their community forests.
2022-01-18T21:35:28Z
2022-01-18T21:35:28Z
2022-01-18T21:35:28Z
2021-10-02
Conference proceeding
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/107770
Wiseman, Phillip [0000-0002-5743-7612]
http://www.virginiamasternaturalist.org/vmn-statewide-conference.html#schedule-full
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
Virginia Cooperative Extension
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1155052023-11-29T12:44:43Zcom_10919_23967com_10919_5557com_10919_23964col_10919_24279col_10919_24331
Importance of tree diameter and species for explaining the temporal and spatial variations of xylem water delta O-18 and delta H-2 in a multi-species forest
Fresne, Maelle
Chun, Kwok P.
Hrachowitz, Markus
McGuire, Kevin J.
Schoppach, Remy
Klaus, Julian
principal components
spatial autocorrelation
stable water isotopes
topography
transpiration
vegetation
Identifying the vegetation and topographic variables influencing the isotopic variability of xylem water of forest vegetation remains crucial to interpret and predict ecohydrological processes in landscapes. In this study, we used temporally and spatially distributed xylem stable water isotopes measurements from two growing seasons to examine the temporal and spatial variations of xylem stable water isotopes and their relationships with vegetation and topographic variables in a Luxembourgish temperate mixed forest. Species-specific temporal variations of xylem stable water isotopes were observed during both growing seasons with a higher variability for beeches than oaks. Principal component regressions revealed that tree diameter at breast height explains up to 55% of the spatial variability of xylem stable water isotopes, while tree species explains up to 24% of the variability. Topographic variables had a marginal role in explaining the spatial variability of xylem stable water isotopes (up to 6% for elevation). During the drier growing season (2020), we detected a higher influence of vegetation variables on xylem stable water isotopes and a lower temporal variability of the xylem water isotopic signatures than during the wetter growing season (2019). Our results reveal the dominant influence of vegetation on xylem stable water isotopes across a forested area and suggest that their spatial patterns arise mainly from size- and species-specific as well as water availability-dependent water use strategies rather than from topographic heterogeneity. The identification of the key role of vegetation on xylem stable water isotopes has critical implications for the representativity of isotopes-based ecohydrological and catchments studies.
2023-06-26T12:40:37Z
2023-06-26T12:40:37Z
2023-06-26T12:40:37Z
2023-05
Article - Refereed
1936-0584
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/115505
https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2545
1936-0592
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Wiley
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/793522023-11-29T12:18:07Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_78882col_10919_24279
Edyn: Dynamic Signaling of Changes to Forests Using Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Charts
Brooks, Evan B.
Yang, Zhiqiang
Thomas, Valerie A.
Wynne, Randolph H.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
change detection
EWMACD
forest disturbance
Fourier
Landsat
quality control
remote sensing
Remote detection of forest disturbance remains a key area of interest for scientists and land managers. Subtle disturbances such as drought, disease, insect activity, and thinning harvests have a significant impact on carbon budgeting and forest productivity, but current change detection algorithms struggle to accurately identify them, especially over decadal timeframes. We introduce an algorithm called Edyn, which inputs a time series of residuals from harmonic regression into a control chart to signal low-magnitude, consistent deviations from the curve as disturbances. After signaling, Edyn retrains a new baseline curve. We compared Edyn with its parent algorithm (EWMACD—Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Change Detection) on over 3500 visually interpreted Landsat pixels from across the contiguous USA, with reference data for timing and type of disturbance. For disturbed forested pixels, Edyn had a mean per-pixel commission error of 31.1% and omission error of 70.0%, while commission and omission errors for EWMACD were 39.9% and 65.2%, respectively. Edyn had significantly less overall error than EWMACD (F<sub>1</sub> = 0.19 versus F<sub>1</sub> = 0.13). These patterns generally held for all of the reference data, including a direct comparison to other contemporary change detection algorithms, wherein Edyn and EWMACD were found to have lower omission error rates for a category of subtle changes over long periods.
2017-09-20T18:35:24Z
2017-09-20T18:35:24Z
2017-09-20T18:35:24Z
2017-08-24
Article - Refereed
Brooks, E.B.; Yang, Z.; Thomas, V.A.; Wynne, R.H. Edyn: Dynamic Signaling of Changes to Forests Using Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Charts. Forests 2017, 8, 304.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79352
https://doi.org/10.3390/f8090304
en
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50543
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1116862023-11-29T12:18:08Zcom_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_23829com_10919_5553com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_78630col_10919_23830col_10919_24279
Can interactive data visualizations promote waterfront best management practices?
Ward, Nicole K.
Sorice, Michael G.
Reynolds, Mikaila S.
Weathers, Kathleen C.
Weng, Weizhe
Carey, Cayelan C.
Behavior change
decision making
environmental education
proenvironmental behavior
outreach
Lake water quality management often requires private property owner engagement since land-use change generally occurs on private property. Educational components of lake management outreach must connect current property owner behaviors with future water quality. However, it may be challenging for property owners to associate their current behaviors with water quality outcomes due to the time lag between a behavior (e.g., fertilizer application) and a water quality outcome (e.g., decreased water clarity). Interactive data visualizations, characterized by user-determined selections that change visualization output, may be well suited to help property owners connect current behavior to future water quality. We tested the effectiveness of an online, interactive visualization as an educational intervention to alter property owners' perspectives related to applying lawn fertilizer and installing waterfront buffers. We used cognitive psychology measures to quantify intervention effectiveness. Since property owners' decision making may be driven by connections to their property, we also explored relationships between seasonal and permanent residents and intentions to apply fertilizer or install waterfront buffers and intervention effectiveness. Despite no significant difference in effectiveness between the interactive and noninteractive versions, the combined responses demonstrated a positive shift in behavioral beliefs and intentions related to lawn fertilizer application and waterfront buffer installation. Seasonal residents were less likely than permanent residents to apply lawn fertilizer before the intervention and more likely to shift their intentions after the intervention. This study provides evidence that brief educational interventions-regardless of their interactivity-can shift private property owner beliefs and intentions regarding lakefront property management.
2022-09-01T14:27:39Z
2022-09-01T14:27:39Z
2022-09-01T14:27:39Z
2022-01-02
Article - Refereed
1040-2381
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/111686
https://doi.org/10.1080/10402381.2021.2021335
38
1
2151-5530
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Taylor & Francis
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1066312023-11-29T12:18:08Zcom_10919_23967com_10919_5557com_10919_91436com_10919_5532col_10919_24279col_10919_97229
Is livestock producers' interest in silvopasture related to their operational perspectives or characteristics?
Wilkens, Philadelphia
Munsell, John F.
Fike, John H.
Pent, Gabriel J.
Frey, Gregory E.
Adoption
Agroforestry
Technical transfer
Outreach
Extension
Livestock producers' operational perspectives and characteristics are known to be associated with silvopasture adoption, but findings in the literature are mixed and contradictory. To study whether characteristics or perspectives more closely relate to silvopasture interest, 307 livestock producers enrolled in cost-share programs in Virginia, United States of America were surveyed. One hundred and thirty-nine producers responded (rate = 45%). Interest in silvopasture was measured using a Likert-type ordinal scale. Respondents reported the following operational characteristics: size in hectares, type and number of livestock, and primary or secondary occupation. Twelve Likert-type ordinal scales were used to measure the following operational perspectives: financial emphasis, cultural importance, and attitudes pertaining to operational diversification using trees. Multivariate cluster methods were used to group respondents into two classification sets, one based on operational characteristics and the other operational perspectives. Tests for significant differences in silvopasture interest between classifications in each set were conducted using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis rank sums (alpha = 0.05). Silvopasture interest differed significantly among classifications based on operational perspectives, but not operational characteristics. Cross-tabulations of the two sets and Cramer's V test indicated that the two classification sets are unrelated. Findings suggest silvopasture interest cuts across operation type and is more closely tied to producers' perspectives, particularly views related to diversification. Technical transfer programs and stakeholder engagement should focus on matching perspectives to practice regardless of operational scale and scope.
2021-11-12T15:35:20Z
2021-11-12T15:35:20Z
2021-11-12T15:35:20Z
2021-08-24
Article - Refereed
0167-4366
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/106631
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-021-00664-0
1572-9680
en
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Public Domain (U.S.)
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1096462023-11-29T12:44:44Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557com_10919_23964col_10919_70873col_10919_24279col_10919_24331
Identifying Controls on Nitrate Sources and Flowpaths in a Forested Catchment Using a Hydropedological Framework
Pardo, Linda H.
Green, M. B.
Bailey, S. W.
McGuire, Kevin J.
McDowell, W. H.
Environmental Sciences
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Environmental Sciences & Ecology
Geology
streamwater
nitrification
biogeochemistry
groundwater
soil development
podzolization
DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON
BROOK-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST
NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST
NITROGEN DEPOSITION
SOIL CARBON
HYDROLOGICAL CONNECTIVITY
BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
RUNOFF GENERATION
WATER CHEMISTRY
FLOW CONDITIONS
Catchment-scale assessments of nitrogen retention and loss rarely account for soil and landscape heterogeneity and are, thus, unable to account for the suite of nitrogen cycling processes that ultimately affect the export of nitrate via stream water. Long-term study at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH has generated a unique data set that facilitates spatially explicit examination of interactions among hydrology, soil development, and nitrogen cycling processes. Using high-frequency streamwater chemistry data with intensive subsurface hydrology and solute monitoring, we tracked areas of the catchment that are hydrologically active under different flow conditions to identify the source area of streamwater nitrate. We hypothesize that as the drainage network expands, increasing hydrologic connection to bedrock outcrop-associated soils, streamwater nitrate concentration, and flux at the catchment outlet increase. Most nitrate export (>80%) occurred during high flows when high nitrate, bedrock-controlled areas of the catchment were most connected hydrologically to the drainage network (∼15% of the time). End-member mixing analysis demonstrated that the bedrock-controlled upper part of the catchment influences nitrate concentration at the outlet and contributes most to catchment nitrate export compared to the near-stream soil units and seeps. Most of the time, nitrate at the catchment outlet comes from seeps and the near-stream zone; under high flow conditions, bedrock-controlled hotspots for nitrate production contribute more to export of nitrate. This analysis demonstrates how the source area of streamwater nitrate varies under different flow conditions, suggesting that long-term nitrate dynamics may be driven primarily by a relatively small part of the catchment.
2022-04-12T11:48:29Z
2022-04-12T11:48:29Z
2022-04-12T11:48:29Z
2022-02-01
Article - Refereed
2169-8953
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/109646
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JG006140
127
2
2169-8961
en
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000763471300017&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
American Geophysical Union
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1097822023-11-29T12:18:10Zcom_10919_23967com_10919_5557com_10919_91436com_10919_5532col_10919_24279col_10919_97229
Peatland drainage alters soil structure and water retention properties: Implications for ecosystem function and management
Word, Clayton S.
McLaughlin, Daniel L.
Strahm, Brian D.
Stewart, Ryan D.
Varner, J. Morgan
Wurster, Frederic C.
Amestoy, Trevor J.
Link, Nicholas T.
disturbance
great dismal swamp
hydrologic restoration
moisture release curves
peatland
soil properties
soil shrinkage
water management
Peatland functions (e.g., carbon sequestration and flora diversity) are largely driven by soil moisture dynamics and thus dependent on interactions between hydrologic regimes and organic soil properties. Understanding these interactions is particularly important in drained peatlands, where drier conditions may alter soil properties with feedbacks to soil water retention and associated ecosystem functions. In this work, we focused on the Great Dismal Swamp (GDS) in Virginia, USA, a historically drained, temperate peatland with ongoing hydrologic restoration efforts. Two distinct soil layers varying in thickness exist at GDS: an upper layer with subangular blocky structure thought to be a result of past drainage, and a sapric lower layer with a massive structure more representative of an undisturbed state. To understand the occurrence and consequences of these distinct layers, we used continuous water table data and analysed soil physical and hydraulic properties to characterize soil profiles at 16 locations. We found significant differences between layer properties, where upper layers had lower fibre and organic matter contents and higher bulk densities. Further, moisture release curves demonstrated lower water retention in upper layers compared with lower layers and key differences in pore structure, with upper layers having higher macroporosity. Upper layers varied in thickness across sampling locations (similar to 0.30 to 1.0 m) with a transition to lower soil layers typically occurring at depths below contemporary water level observations, suggesting that the upper layer may be a result of historical drainage and deeper water table conditions. Yet, upper layers with more frequent saturation exhibited higher water retention and lower macroporosity compared with drier upper layers, thus indicating potential recovery following re-wetting efforts. These findings highlight how past drainage influences soil properties and water retention, with important implications for current management objectives at GDS and other drained peatland systems.
2022-05-02T17:05:56Z
2022-05-02T17:05:56Z
2022-05-02T17:05:56Z
2022-03
Article - Refereed
0885-6087
e14533
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/109782
https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14533
36
3
1099-1085
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Wiley
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/972562023-11-29T12:18:11Zcom_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_24279
Carbon-Mercury interactions in Spodosols Assessed through Density Fractionation, Radiocarbon Analysis, and Soil Survey information
Nave, Lucas E.
Ornelas, A. Covarrubias
Drevnick, P. E.
Gallo, Adrian C.
Hatten, Jeff A.
Heckman, Katherine A.
Matosziuk, Lauren M.
SanClements, Michael D.
Strahm, Brian D.
Veverica, T. J.
Weiglein, Tyler L.
Swanston, Christopher W.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
Soils comprise the largest terrestrial pool of C and Hg on Earth, and these elements have critical feedbacks to problems ranging from atmospheric pollution and climate change to public health. Empirical evidence suggests these elements cycle closely in a wide range of soils, but mechanistic studies of their interactions within distinct soil organic matter (SOM) pools and between different soil types are needed. Here, we report findings of a novel approach to investigate C-Hg interactions, primarily in Spodosols, in which we: (i) examined density separated topsoil and illuvial horizons of four contrasting Spodosols, and used radiocarbon to investigate interactions between Hg and C cycling in distinct SOM pools; (ii) assessed broader patterns across Spodosols and other soil orders using USDA soil survey laboratory data. Consistent with other studies, C and Hg concentrations of individual soil horizons were positively related across the four contrasting Spodosols. Carbon and Hg were also positively related in the density fractions comprising individual soil horizons, but radiocarbon analysis revealed fundamental differences in Hg retention in modern, C-rich fractions vs. low-C fractions containing less modem radiocarbon. The lack of significant site-to-site variation in C and Hg across these sites (and Spodosols more broadly), contrasted against significant differences between horizons and fractions, su ests processes controlling C-Hg interactions are consistent across the taxonomic order. Furthermore, significant differences between other soil orders indicate that processes controlling soil formation-as represented by soil taxonomy-can explain differences in C-Hg interactions and their distribution across soils.
2020-03-09T12:41:49Z
2020-03-09T12:41:49Z
2020-03-09T12:41:49Z
2019-02-21
Article - Refereed
0361-5995
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97256
https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2018.06.0227
83
1
1435-0661
en
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/660952023-11-29T12:18:12Zcom_10919_73610com_10919_5557com_10919_23967com_10919_5532col_10919_73612col_10919_24279col_10919_64847
Etude de 50 annees de changements d'occupation des terres dans la commune rurale de Madiama cercle Djenne
Wynne, Randolph H.
Sengupt, N.
Touré, M.
Center for Environmental Applications of Remote Sensing (CEARS)
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resource Management (SANREM) Knowledgebase
Pasture management
Conflict
Aerial photography
Ecosystem Field Scale
2016-04-19T18:56:08Z
2016-04-19T18:56:08Z
2016-04-19T18:56:08Z
2004
Presentation
Presented at SAMREM WA Research Synthesis Conference Innovations Institutionnelles et Développements Technologiques pour une Gestion Décentralisée et Durable des Ressources Naturalles, Bamako, Mali, 24-26 February 2004 Presented at SANREM WA Research Synthesis Conference Institutional Innovations and Technological Developments for Decentralized and Sustainable Natural Resources Management, Bamako, Mali, 24-26 February 2004
714_Randolph.pdf
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/66095
fr_FR
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
Madiama Commune
Mali
1952 - 2002
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1173682024-01-17T03:01:28Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_23829com_10919_5553com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_70873col_10919_23830col_10919_24279
Near-term phytoplankton forecasts reveal the effects of model time step and forecast horizon on predictability
Woelmer, Whitney M.
Thomas, R. Quinn
Lofton, Mary E.
McClure, Ryan P.
Wander, Heather L.
Carey, Cayelan C.
autoregressive model
Bayesian model
blooms
chlorophyll a
ecological forecasting
hindcast
historical monitoring
iterative model
management
phytoplankton
time series analysis
water quality
As climate and land use increase the variability of many ecosystems, forecasts of ecological variables are needed to inform management and use of ecosystem services. In particular, forecasts of phytoplankton would be especially useful for drinking water management, as phytoplankton populations are exhibiting greater fluctuations due to human activities. While phytoplankton forecasts are increasing in number, many questions remain regarding the optimal model time step (the temporal frequency of the forecast model output), time horizon (the length of time into the future a prediction is made) for maximizing forecast performance, as well as what factors contribute to uncertainty in forecasts and their scalability among sites. To answer these questions, we developed near-term, iterative forecasts of phytoplankton 1–14 days into the future using forecast models with three different time steps (daily, weekly, fortnightly), that included a full uncertainty partitioning analysis at two drinking water reservoirs. We found that forecast accuracy varies with model time step and forecast horizon, and that forecast models can outperform null estimates under most conditions. Weekly and fortnightly forecasts consistently outperformed daily forecasts at 7-day and 14-day horizons, a trend that increased up to the 14-day forecast horizon. Importantly, our work suggests that forecast accuracy can be increased by matching the forecast model time step to the forecast horizon for which predictions are needed. We found that model process uncertainty was the primary source of uncertainty in our phytoplankton forecasts over the forecast period, but parameter uncertainty increased during phytoplankton blooms and when scaling the forecast model to a new site. Overall, our scalability analysis shows promising results that simple models can be transferred to produce forecasts at additional sites. Altogether, our study advances our understanding of how forecast model time step and forecast horizon influence the forecastability of phytoplankton dynamics in aquatic systems and adds to the growing body of work regarding the predictability of ecological systems broadly.
2024-01-16T19:19:00Z
2024-01-16T19:19:00Z
2024-01-16T19:19:00Z
2022-10
Article - Refereed
1051-0761
https://hdl.handle.net/10919/117368
https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2642
32
7
Thomas, Robert [0000-0003-1282-7825]
Carey, Cayelan [0000-0001-8835-4476]
35470923
1939-5582
en
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35470923
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Wiley
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1077772023-11-29T12:18:13Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_70873col_10919_24279
Overview of National Champion Trees
Wiseman, P. Eric
2022-01-18T22:46:20Z
2022-01-18T22:46:20Z
2022-01-18T22:46:20Z
2021-10-21
Presentation
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/107777
Wiseman, Phillip [0000-0002-5743-7612]
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1096642023-11-29T12:18:14Zcom_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_24279
Toward genomic selection in Pinus taeda: Integrating resources to support array design in a complex conifer genome
Caballero, Madison
Lauer, Edwin
Bennett, Jeremy
Zaman, Sumaira
McEvoy, Susan
Acosta, Juan
Jackson, Colin
Townsend, Laura
Eckert, Andrew
Whetten, Ross W.
Loopstra, Carol
Holliday, Jason A.
Mandal, Mihir
Wegrzyn, Jill L.
Isik, Fikret
exome capture
genomic selection
genotype array
genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS)
loblolly pine
Pinus taeda
variant detection
Premise An informatics approach was used for the construction of an Axiom genotyping array from heterogeneous, high-throughput sequence data to assess the complex genome of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda). Methods High-throughput sequence data, sourced from exome capture and whole genome reduced-representation approaches from 2698 trees across five sequence populations, were analyzed with the improved genome assembly and annotation for the loblolly pine. A variant detection, filtering, and probe design pipeline was developed to detect true variants across and within populations. From 8.27 million variants, a total of 642,275 were evaluated and 423,695 of those were screened across a range-wide population. Results The final informatics and screening approach delivered an Axiom array representing 46,439 high-confidence variants to the forest tree breeding and genetics community. Based on the annotated reference genome, 34% were located in or directly upstream or downstream of genic regions. Discussion The Pita50K array represents a genome-wide resource developed from sequence data for an economically important conifer, loblolly pine. It uniquely integrates independent projects that assessed trees sampled across the native range. The challenges associated with the large and repetitive genome are addressed in the development of this resource.
2022-04-14T16:57:29Z
2022-04-14T16:57:29Z
2022-04-14T16:57:29Z
2021-06
Article - Refereed
2168-0450
e11439
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/109664
https://doi.org/10.1002/aps3.11439
9
6
34268018
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1178172024-02-01T10:13:08Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_78882col_10919_24279
A Comparison of Forest Biomass and Conventional Harvesting Effects on Estimated Erosion, Best Management Practice Implementation, Ground Cover, and Residual Woody Debris in Virginia
Garren, Austin M.
Bolding, Michael Chad
Barrett, Scott M.
Hawks, Eric M.
Aust, Wallace Michael
Coates, Thomas Adam
Expanding markets for renewable energy feedstocks have increased demand for woody biomass. Concerns associated with forest biomass harvesting include increased erosion, the applicability of conventional forestry Best Management Practices (BMPs) for protecting water quality, and reduced woody debris retention for soil nutrients and cover. We regionally compared the data and results from three prior independent studies that estimated erosion, BMP implementation, and residual woody debris following biomass and conventional forest harvests in the Mountains, Piedmont, and Coastal Plain of Virginia. Estimated erosion was higher in the Mountains due to steep slopes and operational challenges. Mountain skid trails were particularly concerning, comprising only 8.47% of the total area but from 37.9 to 81.1% of the total site-wide estimated erosion. BMP implementation varied by region and harvest type, with biomass sites having better implementation than conventional sites, and conventional Mountain sites having lower implementation than other regions. Sufficient woody debris remained for BMPs on both harvest types in all regions, with conventional Mountain sites retaining twice that of Coastal Plain sites. BMPs reduced the estimated erosion on both site types suggesting increased implementation could reduce potential erosion in problematic areas. Therefore, proper BMP implementation should be ensured, particularly in Mountainous terrain, regardless of harvest type.
2024-02-01T14:35:06Z
2024-02-01T14:35:06Z
2024-02-01T14:35:06Z
2023-11-17
Article - Refereed
Garren, A.M.; Bolding, M.C.; Barrett, S.M.; Hawks, E.M.; Aust, W.M.; Coates, T.A. A Comparison of Forest Biomass and Conventional Harvesting Effects on Estimated Erosion, Best Management Practice Implementation, Ground Cover, and Residual Woody Debris in Virginia. Biomass 2023, 3, 403-421.
https://hdl.handle.net/10919/117817
https://doi.org/10.3390/biomass3040024
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1182722024-03-05T12:02:02Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_70873col_10919_24279
Principles and Practices for Pruning Trees Around the Home and Landscape
Wiseman, P. Eric
Southwest Landowner Woods & Wildlife 2023 Conference
2024-03-05T13:44:24Z
2024-03-05T13:44:24Z
2024-03-05T13:44:24Z
2023-02-11
Presentation
https://hdl.handle.net/10919/118272
Wiseman, Phillip [0000-0002-5743-7612]
en
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/751132023-11-29T12:44:45Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557com_10919_23964col_10919_70873col_10919_24279col_10919_24331
Network analysis reveals multiscale controls on streamwater chemistry
McGuire, Kevin J.
Torgersen, C. E.
Likens, Gene E.
Buso, D. C.
Lowe, W. H.
Bailey, Scott W.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
Virginia Water Resources Research Center
biogeochemistry
hydrologic connectivity
watershed
autocorrelation
heterogeneity
TERM ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH
MOVING-AVERAGE APPROACH
HUBBARD-BROOK-VALLEY
LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY
SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY
HEADWATER STREAMS
NITROGEN EXPORT
PATTERN
WATER
TERRESTRIAL
By coupling synoptic data from a basin-wide assessment of streamwater chemistry with network-based geostatistical analysis, we show that spatial processes differentially affect biogeochemical condition and pattern across a headwater stream network. We analyzed a high-resolution dataset consisting of 664 water samples collected every 100 m throughout 32 tributaries in an entire fifth-order stream network. These samples were analyzed for an exhaustive suite of chemical constituents. The fine grain and broad extent of this study design allowed us to quantify spatial patterns over a range of scales by using empirical semivariograms that explicitly incorporated network topology. Here, we show that spatial structure, as determined by the characteristic shape of the semivariograms, differed both among chemical constituents and by spatial relationship (flow-connected, flowunconnected, or Euclidean). Spatial structure was apparent at either a single scale or at multiple nested scales, suggesting separate processes operating simultaneously within the stream network and surrounding terrestrial landscape. Expected patterns of spatial dependence for flow-connected relationships (e.g., increasing homogeneity with downstream distance) occurred for some chemical constituents (e.g., dissolved organic carbon, sulfate, and aluminum) but not for others (e.g., nitrate, sodium). By comparing semivariograms for the different chemical constituents and spatial relationships, we were able to separate effects on streamwater chemistry of (i ) fine-scale versus broad-scale processes and (ii ) in-stream processes versus landscape controls. These findings provide insight on the hierarchical scaling of local, longitudinal, and landscape processes that drive biogeochemical patterns in stream networks.
2017-02-22T02:59:37Z
2017-02-22T02:59:37Z
2017-02-22T02:59:37Z
2014-05-13
Article - Refereed
0027-8424
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/75113
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1404820111
111
19
McGuire, KJ [0000-0001-5751-3956]
en
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000335798000067&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
National Academy of Sciences
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/844912023-11-29T12:18:16Zcom_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_24279
Transgenic Suppression of AGAMOUS Genes in Apple Reduces Fertility and Increases Floral Attractiveness
Klocko, Amy L.
Borejsza-Wysocka, Ewa
Brunner, Amy M.
Shevchenko, Olga
Aldwinckle, Herb
Strauss, Steven H.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
We investigated the ability of RNA interference (RNAi) directed against two co-orthologs of AGAMOUS (AG) from Malus domestica (domestic apple, MdAG) to reduce the risks of invasiveness and provide genetic containment of transgenes, while also promoting the attractiveness of flowers for ornamental usage. Suppression of two MdAG-like genes, MdMADS15 and MdMADS22, led to the production of trees with highly showy, polypetalous flowers. These “double-flowers” had strongly reduced expression of both MdAG-like genes. Members of the two other clades within in the MdAG subfamily showed mild to moderate differences in gene expression, or were unchanged, with the level of suppression approximately proportional to the level of sequence identity between the gene analyzed and the RNAi fragment. The double-flowers also exhibited reduced male and female fertility, had few viable pollen grains, a decreased number of stigmas, and produced few viable seeds after cross-pollination. Despite these floral alterations, RNAi-AG trees with double-flowers set full-sized fruit. Suppression or mutation of apple AG-like genes appears to be a promising method for combining genetic containment with improved floral attractiveness.
2018-08-03T19:31:26Z
2018-08-03T19:31:26Z
2018-08-03T19:31:26Z
2016-08-08
Article - Refereed
e0159421
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/84491
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159421
11
8
27500731
1932-6203
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
PLOS
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1051172023-11-29T12:18:17Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_70873col_10919_24279
Beyond Static Benchmarking: Using Experimental Manipulations to Evaluate Land Model Assumptions
Wieder, William R.
Lawrence, David M.
Fisher, Rosie A.
Bonan, Gordon B.
Cheng, Susan J.
Goodale, Christine L.
Grandy, A. Stuart
Koven, Charles D.
Lombardozzi, Danica L.
Oleson, Keith W.
Thomas, R. Quinn
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Physical Sciences
Environmental Sciences
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Environmental Sciences & Ecology
Geology
Community Land Model
nitrogen enrichment
elevated CO2
land model
biogeochemistry
CO2 ENRICHMENT FACE
CARBON-NITROGEN INTERACTIONS
DYNAMIC VEGETATION MODEL
NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY
ELEVATED CO2
ECOSYSTEM RESPONSES
FOREST PRODUCTIVITY
LEAF NITROGEN
SOIL CARBON
PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY
0401 Atmospheric Sciences
0402 Geochemistry
0405 Oceanography
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Land models are often used to simulate terrestrial responses to future environmental changes, but these models are not commonly evaluated with data from experimental manipulations. Results from experimental manipulations can identify and evaluate model assumptions that are consistent with appropriate ecosystem responses to future environmental change. We conducted simulations using three coupled carbon-nitrogen versions of the Community Land Model (CLM, versions 4, 4.5, and—the newly developed—5), and compared the simulated response to nitrogen (N) and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) enrichment with meta-analyses of observations from similar experimental manipulations. In control simulations, successive versions of CLM showed a poleward increase in gross primary productivity and an overall bias reduction, compared to FLUXNET-MTE observations. Simulations with N and CO2 enrichment demonstrate that CLM transitioned from a model that exhibited strong nitrogen limitation of the terrestrial carbon cycle (CLM4) to a model that showed greater responsiveness to elevated concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere (CLM5). Overall, CLM5 simulations showed better agreement with observed ecosystem responses to experimental N and CO2 enrichment than previous versions of the model. These simulations also exposed shortcomings in structural assumptions and parameterizations. Specifically, no version of CLM captures changes in plant physiology, allocation, and nutrient uptake that are likely important aspects of terrestrial ecosystems' responses to environmental change. These highlight priority areas that should be addressed in future model developments. Moving forward, incorporating results from experimental manipulations into model benchmarking tools that are used to evaluate model performance will help increase confidence in terrestrial carbon cycle projections.
2021-09-29T20:46:33Z
2021-09-29T20:46:33Z
2021-09-29T20:46:33Z
2019-10-28
Article - Refereed
0886-6236
GBC20889 (PII)
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/105117
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GB006141
33
10
Thomas, R. Quinn [0000-0003-1282-7825]
31894175
1944-9224
en
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000492795500001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
American Geophysical Union
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/978522023-11-29T12:18:18Zcom_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_24279
Frequency of sprout-origin trees in pre-European settlement forests of the southern Appalachian Mountains
Copenheaver, Carolyn A.
Keyser, Tara L.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
forest disturbance
oak regeneration
eastern deciduous forest
forest structure
We hypothesized that tree form, recorded in historical public land surveys, would provide a valuable proxy record of regeneration patterns during early-European settlement of North America's eastern deciduous forest. To test this hypothesis, we tallied stem form from witness trees used in land survey records in the southern Appalachian Mountains from 13 counties spanning four physiographic provinces: Piedmont, Blue Ridge, Ridge and Valley, and Cumberland Plateau. A total of 3% of witness trees used in the land surveys were of sprout origin. American basswood (Tilia americana L.) exhibited the highest proportion of sprout-origin trees at 12%. Other overstory species with a high proportion of sprout-origin trees were hickory (Carya sp.), red maple (Acer rubrum L.), and sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.), all with 6% of stems being from sprout origin. Blue Ridge had significantly more sprout-origin trees compared with the other three physiographic provinces. Forests in the southern Appalachian Mountains during the pre-European settlement period had a suite of disturbances that controlled their growth and regeneration; however, most of these disturbances did not result in large-scale tree mortality, and therefore, sprouts were not an important source of regeneration.
2020-04-21T14:50:29Z
2020-04-21T14:50:29Z
2020-04-21T14:50:29Z
2016-08
Article - Refereed
0045-5067
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97852
https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2016-0078
46
8
1208-6037
en
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/767112023-11-29T19:08:16Zcom_10919_5540com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_71752col_10919_24279
Caveating Behavior Modification Approaches to Conservation
Stern, Marc J.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
Collaboration
conservation behavior
incentives
trust
theory.
2017-03-28T17:31:57Z
2017-03-28T17:31:57Z
2017-03-28T17:31:57Z
2017-06
Article - Refereed
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76711
https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12271
2016
en_US
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Wiley
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/793582023-11-29T19:08:23Zcom_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_5540com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_78630col_10919_78882col_10919_71752col_10919_24279
Forestry Best Management Practices Relationships with Aquatic and Riparian Fauna: A Review
Warrington, Brooke M.
Aust, W. Michael
Barrett, Scott M.
Ford, W. Mark
Dolloff, C. Andrew
Schilling, Erik B.
Wigley, T. Bently
Bolding, M. Chad
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
best management practices
forest operations
riparian species
silviculture
wildlife
Forestry best management practices (BMPs) were developed to minimize water pollution from forestry operations by primarily addressing sediment and sediment transport, which is the leading source of pollution from silviculture. Implementation of water quality BMPs may also benefit riparian and aquatic wildlife, although wildlife benefits were not driving forces for BMP development. Therefore, we reviewed literature regarding potential contributions of sediment-reducing BMPs to conservation of riparian and aquatic wildlife, while realizing that BMPs also minimize thermal, nutrient, and chemical pollution. We reached five important conclusions: (1) a significant body of research confirms that forestry BMPs contribute to the protection of water quality and riparian forest structure; (2) data-specific relationships between forestry BMPs and reviewed species are limited; (3) forestry BMPs for forest road construction and maintenance, skid trails, stream crossings, and streamside management zones (SMZs) are important particularly for protection of water quality and aquatic species; (4) stream crossings should be carefully selected and installed to minimize sediment inputs and stream channel alterations; and (5) SMZs promote retention of older-age riparian habitat with benefits extending from water bodies to surrounding uplands. Overall, BMPs developed for protection of water quality should benefit a variety of riparian and aquatic species that are sensitive to changes in water quality or forest structure.
2017-09-20T18:35:58Z
2017-09-20T18:35:58Z
2017-09-20T18:35:58Z
2017-09-07
Article - Refereed
Warrington, B.M.; Aust, W.M.; Barrett, S.M.; Ford, W.M.; Dolloff, C.A.; Schilling, E.B.; Wigley, T.B.; Bolding, M.C. Forestry Best Management Practices Relationships with Aquatic and Riparian Fauna: A Review. Forests 2017, 8, 331.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79358
https://doi.org/10.3390/f8090331
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/914542023-11-29T12:44:46Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557com_10919_23964col_10919_70873col_10919_24279col_10919_24331
Time-Varying Storage-Water Age Relationships in a Catchment With a Mediterranean Climate
Rodriguez, Nicolas B.
McGuire, Kevin J.
Klaus, Julian
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
Virginia Water Resources Research Center
Physical Sciences
Environmental Sciences
Limnology
Water Resources
Environmental Sciences & Ecology
Marine & Freshwater Biology
catchment storage
StorAge Selection functions
Mediterranean climate
travel time
residence time
stable isotope
RESOLUTION ISOTOPE DATA
TRANSIT TIMES
STREAM WATER
SELECTION FUNCTIONS
RESIDENCE TIME
HEADWATER CATCHMENTS
EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST
TEMPORAL DYNAMICS
DISTRIBUTIONS
HILLSLOPE
0905 Civil Engineering
0907 Environmental Engineering
1402 Applied Economics
Environmental Engineering
Recent studies on the relationships between catchment storage and water ages using Travel Time Distributions (TTDs), Residence Time Distributions (RTDs), and StorAge Selection (SAS) functions have led to the hypothesis that streamflow preferentially mobilizes younger water when catchment storage is high. This so-called “Inverse Storage Effect” (ISE) needs further evaluation in more catchments with diverse climates and physiographical features. In this work, we assessed the validity of the ISE in WS10 (H. J. Andrews forest, Oregon, USA), a forested headwater catchment in a Mediterranean climate. A conceptual model of the catchment, developed based on experimental observations of water flow paths in WS10, was calibrated to streamflow and δ18O in streamflow. Based on the calibrated model results, we determined RTDs, and streamflow TTDs and SAS functions by assuming that the soil reservoir and the groundwater reservoir act as well-mixed systems. The streamflow SAS functions and travel time dynamics showed that the ISE generally applies in WS10. Yet, during transitions from dry summer periods to wet winter periods and vice versa, the marked seasonal climate caused rapid and strong storage variations in the catchment, which led to deviations from the ISE. The seasonality of streamflow travel times in WS10 is the result of the seasonal contributions of younger water from the hillslopes added to the rather constant groundwater contributions of older water. The streamflow SAS functions were able to capture the relative importance of contrasting flow paths in the soils and in the bedrock highlighted by previous studies in WS10.
2019-07-15T19:32:10Z
2019-07-15T19:32:10Z
2019-07-15T19:32:10Z
2018-06-01
Article - Refereed
0043-1397
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91454
https://doi.org/10.1029/2017WR021964
54
6
McGuire, Kevin J. [0000-0001-5751-3956]
1944-7973
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000440309900013&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
American Geophysical Union
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1002982023-11-29T12:18:22Zcom_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_24279
Predicting macronutrient concentrations from loblolly pine leaf reflectance across local and regional scales
Stein, Beth R.
Thomas, Valerie A.
Lorentz, Laura J.
Strahm, Brian D.
remote sensing
spectroradiometer
nutrients
Loblolly pine
partial least squares regression
spatial scale
Given the economic importance of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) in the southeastern US, there is a need to establish efficient methods of detecting potential nutrient deficiencies that may limit productivity. This study evaluated the use of remote sensing for macronutrient assessment in loblolly pine. Reflectance-based models were developed at two spatial scales: (1) a natural nutrient gradient across the species’ range, and (2) localized fertilization and genotype treatments in North Carolina and Virginia. Fascicles were collected regionally from 237 samples of 3 flushes at 18 sites, and locally from 72 trees with 2 fertilization treatments and 6 genotypes. Sample spectral reflectance was calculated using a spectroradiometer, and nutrient concentrations were measured with dry combustion and wet chemical digestion. Results were analyzed statistically using nutrient correlations with reflectance and common vegetation indices, and partial least squares regression (PLSR). PLSR performed well at the regional scale, with R² values for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium of 0.81, 0.70, 0.68, 0.42, and 0.51, respectively. No model successfully predicted nutrients at local sites for any treatment or canopy stratum. This discrepancy implies that a large nutrient range and/or spatial scale may be necessary to model loblolly pine nutrients with spectral reflectance.
2020-10-07T14:53:40Z
2020-10-07T14:53:40Z
2020-10-07T14:53:40Z
2014
Article - Refereed
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100298
https://doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2014.912875
51
3
en
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-NC/1.0/
In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted
Taylor & Francis
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/792122023-11-29T12:18:23Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_78882col_10919_24279
Analyzing Trade-Offs, Synergies, and Drivers among Timber Production, Carbon Sequestration, and Water Yield in Pinus elliotii Forests in Southeastern USA
Cademus, Ronald
Escobedo, Francisco J.
McLaughlin, Daniel L.
Abd-Elrahman, Amr
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
ecosystem services and goods
ecosystem service interactions
forest management
Florida
forest inventory and analysis
Managing <i>Pinus elliotii</i> forests for timber production and/or carbon sequestration is a common management objective, but can negatively affect water yield due to high losses from evapotranspiration. Thus, understanding the trade-offs and potential synergies among multiple ecosystem goods services, as well as the drivers influencing these interactions, can help identify effective forest management practices. We used available data from 377 permanent plots from the USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis Program for 2002–2011, and a forest water yield model to quantify provision levels and spatial distribution and patterns of carbon sequestration, timber volume and water yield for <i>Pinus elliotii</i> ecosystems in North Florida, USA. A ranking-classification framework and statistical analyses were used to better understand the interactions among ecosystem services and the effect of biophysical drivers on ecosystem service bundles. Results indicate that increased biomass reduced water yield but this trade-off varied across space. Specific synergies, or acceptable provision levels, among carbon sequestration, timber volume and water yield were identified and mapped. Additionally, stand age, silvicultural treatment, and site quality significantly affected the provision level of, and interactions among, the three ecosystem goods and services. The framework developed in this study can be used to assess, map, and manage subtropical forests for optimal provision of ecosystem services.
2017-09-20T18:20:37Z
2017-09-20T18:20:37Z
2017-09-20T18:20:37Z
2014-06-20
Article - Refereed
Cademus, R.; Escobedo, F.J.; McLaughlin, D.; Abd-Elrahman, A. Analyzing Trade-Offs, Synergies, and Drivers among Timber Production, Carbon Sequestration, and Water Yield in Pinus elliotii Forests in Southeastern USA. Forests 2014, 5, 1409-1431.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79212
https://doi.org/10.3390/f5061409
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/468112023-11-29T12:18:24Zcom_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_24279
Accuracy of Visible and Ultraviolet Light for Estimating Live Root Proportions with Minirhizotrons
Wang, Z. Q.
Burch, W. H.
Mou, P.
Jones, R. H.
Mitchell, R. J.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
growth
dynamics
soil
2014-03-27T13:05:57Z
2014-03-27T13:05:57Z
2014-03-27T13:05:57Z
1995-10
Article - Refereed
Zhengquan Wang, Walter H. Burch, Pu Mou, Robert H. Jones, and Robert J. Mitchell 1995. Accuracy of Visible and Ultraviolet Light for Estimating Live Root Proportions with Minirhizotrons. Ecology 76:2330-2334. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1941705
0012-9658
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46811
http://www.jstor.org/stable/1941705
https://doi.org/10.2307/1941705
en_US
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
Ecological Society of America
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1098162023-11-29T12:18:25Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_70873col_10919_24279
Probabilistic Description of Streamflow and Active Length Regimes in Rivers
Durighetto, Nicola
Mariotto, Veronica
Zanetti, Francesca
McGuire, Kevin J.
Mendicino, Giuseppe
Senatore, Alfonso
Botter, Gianluca
Science & Technology
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Physical Sciences
Environmental Sciences
Limnology
Water Resources
Environmental Sciences & Ecology
Marine & Freshwater Biology
streamflow regimes
active length regimes
probabilistic description
temporary streams
stream length duration curve
SLDC
FLOW-DURATION CURVES
CATCHMENT CLASSIFICATION
REGIONAL PATTERNS
PHYSICAL CONTROLS
DRAINAGE DENSITY
INTERMITTENT
TIME
VARIABILITY
DYNAMICS
CHANNELS
In spite of the prevalence of temporary rivers over a wide range of climatic conditions, they represent a relatively understudied fraction of the global river network. Here, we exploit a well-established hydrological model and a derived distribution approach to develop a coupled probabilistic description for the dynamics of the catchment discharge and the corresponding active network length. Analytical expressions for the flow duration curve (FDC) and the stream length duration curve (SLDC) were derived and used to provide a consistent classification of streamflow and active length regimes in temporary rivers. Two distinct streamflow regimes (persistent and erratic) and three different types of active length regimes (ephemeral, perennial, and ephemeral de facto) were identified depending on the value of two dimensionless parameters. These key parameters, which are related to the underlying streamflow fluctuations and the sensitivity of active length to changes in the catchment discharge (here quantified by the scaling exponent b), originate seven different behavioral classes characterized by contrasting shapes of the underlying SLDCs and FDCs. The analytical model was tested using data gathered in three study catchments located in Italy and USA, with satisfactory model performances in most cases. Our analytical and empirical results show the existence of a structural relationship between streamflow and active length regimes, which is chiefly modulated by the scaling exponent b. The proposed framework represents a promising tool for the coupled analysis of discharge and river network length dynamics in temporary streams.
2022-05-05T18:00:16Z
2022-05-05T18:00:16Z
2022-05-05T18:00:16Z
2022-04-01
Article - Refereed
0043-1397
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/109816
https://doi.org/10.1029/2021WR031344
58
4
1944-7973
en
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000780206800001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
American Geophysical Union
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1108322023-11-29T12:18:25Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_23829com_10919_5553com_10919_23967com_10919_5557com_10919_24209com_10919_24213col_10919_70873col_10919_23830col_10919_24279col_10919_24267col_10919_24334
Increased adoption of best practices in ecological forecasting enables comparisons of forecastability
Lewis, Abigail S. L.
Woelmer, Whitney M.
Wander, Heather L.
Howard, Dexter W.
Smith, John W.
McClure, Ryan P.
Lofton, Mary E.
Hammond, Nicholas W.
Corrigan, Rachel S.
Thomas, R. Quinn
Carey, Cayelan C.
data assimilation
decision support
ecological predictability
forecast automation
forecast evaluation
forecast horizon
forecast uncertainty
iterative forecasting
near-term forecast
null model
open science
uncertainty partitioning
OPPORTUNITIES
UNCERTAINTY
INFORMATION
POPULATION
PREDICTION
MODEL
Near-term iterative forecasting is a powerful tool for ecological decision support and has the potential to transform our understanding of ecological predictability. However, to this point, there has been no cross-ecosystem analysis of near-term ecological forecasts, making it difficult to synthesize diverse research efforts and prioritize future developments for this emerging field. In this study, we analyzed 178 near-term (≤10-yr forecast horizon) ecological forecasting papers to understand the development and current state of near-term ecological forecasting literature and to compare forecast accuracy across scales and variables. Our results indicated that near-term ecological forecasting is widespread and growing: forecasts have been produced for sites on all seven continents and the rate of forecast publication is increasing over time. As forecast production has accelerated, some best practices have been proposed and application of these best practices is increasing. In particular, data publication, forecast archiving, and workflow automation have all increased significantly over time. However, adoption of proposed best practices remains low overall: for example, despite the fact that uncertainty is often cited as an essential component of an ecological forecast, only 45% of papers included uncertainty in their forecast outputs. As the use of these proposed best practices increases, near-term ecological forecasting has the potential to make significant contributions to our understanding of forecastability across scales and variables. In this study, we found that forecastability (defined here as realized forecast accuracy) decreased in predictable patterns over 1–7 d forecast horizons. Variables that were closely related (i.e., chlorophyll and phytoplankton) displayed very similar trends in forecastability, while more distantly related variables (i.e., pollen and evapotranspiration) exhibited significantly different patterns. Increasing use of proposed best practices in ecological forecasting will allow us to examine the forecastability of additional variables and timescales in the future, providing a robust analysis of the fundamental predictability of ecological variables.
2022-06-17T19:33:22Z
2022-06-17T19:33:22Z
2022-06-17T19:33:22Z
2021-12-14
Article - Refereed
1051-0761
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/110832
https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2500
32
2
Thomas, Robert [0000-0003-1282-7825]
Carey, Cayelan [0000-0001-8835-4476]
34800082
1939-5582
en
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000730058500001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Wiley
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/902792023-11-29T12:18:27Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557com_10919_25796col_10919_70873col_10919_24279col_10919_25797
Site Index, LAI, and Previous Thinning
Wynne, Randolph H.
Thomas, Valerie A.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
Fralin Life Sciences Institute
remote sensing
lidar
forestry
Landsat
Forest Productivity Cooperative Webinar
2019-06-18T21:51:48Z
2019-06-18T21:51:48Z
2019-06-18T21:51:48Z
2019-05-31
Presentation
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90279
Wynne, Randolph [0000-0003-3649-835X]
https://frec.vt.edu/people/Wynne.html
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/825442023-11-29T12:18:28Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_78882col_10919_24279
Trend Detection for the Extent of Irrigated Agriculture in Idaho’s Snake River Plain, 1984–2016
Chance, Eric W.
Cobourn, Kelly M.
Thomas, Valerie A.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
agriculture
classification algorithm
farm size
groundwater
irrigation technology
surface water
water rights
Understanding irrigator responses to changes in water availability is critical for building strategies to support effective management of water resources. Using remote sensing data, we examine farmer responses to seasonal changes in water availability in Idaho’s Snake River Plain for the time series 1984–2016. We apply a binary threshold based on the seasonal maximum of the Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) using Landsat 5–8 images to distinguish irrigated from non-irrigated lands. We find that the NDMI of irrigated lands increased over time, consistent with trends in irrigation technology adoption and increased crop productivity. By combining remote sensing data with geospatial data describing water rights for irrigation, we show that the trend in NDMI is not universal, but differs by farm size and water source. Farmers with small farms that rely on surface water are more likely than average to have a large contraction (over −25%) in irrigated area over the 33-year period of record. In contrast, those with large farms and access to groundwater are more likely than average to have a large expansion (over +25%) in irrigated area over the same period.
2018-03-23T12:58:49Z
2018-03-23T12:58:49Z
2018-03-23T12:58:49Z
2018-01-19
Article - Refereed
Chance, E.W.; Cobourn, K.M.; Thomas, V.A. Trend Detection for the Extent of Irrigated Agriculture in Idaho’s Snake River Plain, 1984–2016. Remote Sens. 2018, 10, 145.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82544
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10010145
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/793192023-11-29T19:08:45Zcom_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_5540com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_78630col_10919_78882col_10919_71752col_10919_24279
Reducing Reforestation Costs in Lebanon: Adaptive Field Trials
Haroutunian, Garabet (Garo)
Chojnacky, David C.
El Riachy, Richard
Chojnacky, Cindy C.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
dryland forestry
seedlings
seeding
Cedrus libani
Pinus pinea
nursery techniques
Lebanon’s Ministry of Environment initiated a project in 2009 to determine low-cost reforestation techniques for stone pine (<i>Pinus pinea</i>) and Lebanon cedar (<i>Cedrus libani</i>) for large-scale land rehabilitation activities in the arid Middle East. Irrigation (several techniques vs. no water), planting (8- to 18-month-old seedlings), seeding, and soil preparation methods were evaluated in three sets of adaptive management field trials. The aim was to reduce reforestation costs while still achieving sufficient regeneration. A key result for management was that non-irrigated seed planting of stone pine and possibly of Lebanon cedar showed promise for cost-effective reforestation and could be competitive with seedlings, given correct seed source and planting conditions. Stone pine seeds collected from nearby mother trees and planted without irrigation on sandy soil showed 35% survival for <600 USD/ha; seedlings planted without irrigation cost about 2500 USD/ha and achieved 50–70% survival (costs based on 800 seedlings/ha). Water supplements increased establishment costs over 2 years without concomitant improvements to survival. Future studies should evaluate how soil texture and soil preparation interact with other factors to affect seed germination and survival for each species.
2017-09-20T18:31:02Z
2017-09-20T18:31:02Z
2017-09-20T18:31:02Z
2017-05-17
Article - Refereed
Haroutunian, G.G.; Chojnacky, D.C.; El Riachy, R.; Chojnacky, C.C. Reducing Reforestation Costs in Lebanon: Adaptive Field Trials. Forests 2017, 8, 169.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79319
https://doi.org/10.3390/f8050169
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/818022023-11-29T12:18:30Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_70873col_10919_24279
Urban wood utilization in Virginia, North Carolina, and Georgia: a comparison of industry practices and perceptions
Stai, S. M.
Wiseman, P. Eric
Fernholz, K.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
Urban areas in the United States – in the South and nationwide – have expanded rapidly over the last few decades. This expansion has led to an estimated 4 billion trees in urban areas across the U.S.[3] If the broader definition of “metropolitan areas” is used, the estimate increases to 70 billion trees growing in population centers throughout the country.[4] As urban land is projected to continue increasing in the continental U.S. (nearly tripling in size by 2050),[5] the discipline of urban forestry will continue growing in importance. Of concern to urban foresters and urban residents alike is the fate of trees that are removed from private yards, small wooded lots, and municipally owned areas. Whether tree removal is due to damage from disease or storms, construction and development, or other factors, the volume of wood removed is substantial. Estimates of this volume range from 16 to 38 million green tons per year nationwide; even the lower end of this range is larger than total annual harvests from U.S. National Forests.[6] Historically, urban trees have been disposed of rather than being utilized as lumber or value-added products. Recently, however, this approach has been undergoing a shift, with increasing awareness of the magnitude of wood being wasted and the potential for better use of this raw material. The transition from a disposal mindset to one of utilization for urban wood ultimately affects a wide range of stakeholders – from arborists, foresters, loggers, haulers, sawyers, millers, and wood product developers to local governments, builders, landowners, and consumers. For all professionals in the lumber and wood products supply chain, there can be challenges, such as high costs related to handling and disposal of removed trees; there can also be market opportunities for turning a disposal problem into an array of valuable products. For entire communities, urban wood utilization has implications for broader environmental issues such as resource sustainability, carbon sequestration, and air quality. [1] Dovetail Partners, Minneapolis, MN [2] Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, [3] Urban areas as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau include (1) urbanized areas with populations of 50,000 or more, (2) places that contain some urbanized areas within their boundaries, or (3) places with at least 2,500 people and located outside of urbanized areas. See additional details in the following source: Nowak, D., Noble, M., Sisinni, S., and Dwyer, J. 2001. Assessing the U.S. Urban Forest Resource. Journal of Forestry 99(3):37-42. [4] Metropolitan areas are delineated by counties based on urban areas within them. For example, the U.S. Census Bureau defines the Raleigh metropolitan area as Wake, Nash, Franklin, and Johnston counties and the Durham-Chapel Hill metropolitan area as Durham, Orange, Chatham, and Person counties (www.census.gov/programs-surveys/metro-micro.html). [5] See Dovetail Report: Using Industrial Clusters to Build an Urban Wood Utilization Program: A Twin Cities Case Study (2010) [6] See Dovetail Report: Urban Forests and Urban Tree Use: Opportunities on Local, State, National, and International Scales (2014)
2018-01-16T16:25:40Z
2018-01-16T16:25:40Z
2018-01-16T16:25:40Z
2017-11-01
Report
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81802
Wiseman, PE [0000-0002-5743-7612]
Urban wood utilization in Virginia, North Carolina, and Georgia: a comparison of industry practices and perceptions
http://www.dovetailinc.org/reports/Urban+Wood+Utilization+in+Virginia%2C+North+Carolina%2C+and+Georgia_n824?prefix=%2Freports
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
Dovetail Partners, Inc.
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/825042023-11-29T12:18:31Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_70873col_10919_24279
Technology that is making us more efficient
Wynne, Randolph H.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
2018-03-15T18:41:45Z
2018-03-15T18:41:45Z
2018-03-15T18:41:45Z
2016-10-26
Conference proceeding
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82504
Wynne, RH [0000-0003-3649-835X]
Forest inSight
https://frec.vt.edu/people/Wynne.html
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
Athens, Georgia
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/742592023-11-29T12:44:47Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557com_10919_23964col_10919_70873col_10919_24279col_10919_24331
Searching for biogeochemical hot spots in three dimensions: Soil C and N cycling in hydropedologic settings in a northern hardwood forest
Morse, J. L.
Werner, S. F.
Gillin, C. P.
Goodale, Christine L.
Bailey, Scott W.
McGuire, Kevin J.
Groffman, Peter M.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
Virginia Water Resources Research Center
Environmental Sciences
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Environmental Sciences & Ecology
Geology
N mineralization
nitrification
denitrification
microbial respiration
soil profile
RIPARIAN ZONES
SHALLOW GROUNDWATER
LANDSCAPE POSITION
ORGANIC-CARBON
NITROGEN
DENITRIFICATION
ECOSYSTEM
TERRESTRIAL
CATCHMENT
HYDROLOGY
Understanding and predicting the extent, location, and function of biogeochemical hot spots at the watershed scale is a frontier in environmental science. We applied a hydropedologic approach to identify (1) biogeochemical differences among morphologically distinct hydropedologic settings and (2) hot spots of microbial carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling activity in a northern hardwood forest in Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA. We assessed variables related to C and N cycling in spodic hydropedologic settings (typical podzols, bimodal podzols, and Bh podzols) and groundwater seeps during August 2010. We found that soil horizons (Oi/Oe, Oa/A, and B) differed significantly for most variables. B horizons (>10cm) accounted for 71% (±11%) of C pools and 62%(±10%) ofmicrobial biomass C in the sampled soil profile, whereas the surface horizons (Oi/Oe and Oa/A; 0–10cm) were dominant zones for N-cycle-related variables. Watershed-wide estimates of C and N cycling were higher by 34 to 43% (±17–19%) when rates, horizon thickness, and areal extent of each hydropedologic setting were incorporated, versus conventionally calculated estimates for typical podzols that included only the top 10cm of mineral soil. Despite the variation in profile development in typical, bimodal, and Bh podzols, we did not detect significant differences in C and N cycling among them. Across all soil horizons and hydropedologic settings, we found strong links between biogeochemical cycling and soil C, suggesting that the accumulation of C in soils may be a robust indicator of microbial C and N cycling capacity in the landscape.
2017-01-12T01:25:34Z
2017-01-12T01:25:34Z
2017-01-12T01:25:34Z
2014-08-01
Article - Refereed
2169-8953
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74259
https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JG002589
119
8
McGuire, Kevin J. [0000-0001-5751-3956]
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000342993200008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
American Geophysical Union
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/792462023-11-29T12:18:33Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_78882col_10919_24279
A Range-Wide Experiment to Investigate Nutrient and Soil Moisture Interactions in Loblolly Pine Plantations
Will, Rodney E.
Fox, Thomas R.
Akers, Madison
Domec, Jean-Christophe
González-Benecke, Carlos
Jokela, Eric J.
Kane, Michael B.
Laviner, Marshall A.
Lokuta, Geoffrey
Markewitz, Daniel
McGuire, Mary Anne
Meek, Cassandra
Noormets, Asko
Samuelson, Lisa
Seiler, John R.
Strahm, Brian D.
Teskey, Robert O.
Vogel, Jason G.
Ward, Eric J.
West, Jason B.
Wilson, Duncan
Martin, Timothy A.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
Pinus taeda
volume increment
throughfall exclusion
fertilization
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
The future climate of the southeastern USA is predicted to be warmer, drier and more variable in rainfall, which may increase drought frequency and intensity. Loblolly pine (<i>Pinus taeda</i>) is the most important commercial tree species in the world and is planted on ~11 million ha within its native range in the southeastern USA. A regional study was installed to evaluate effects of decreased rainfall and nutrient additions on loblolly pine plantation productivity and physiology. Four locations were established to capture the range-wide variability of soil and climate. Treatments were initiated in 2012 and consisted of a factorial combination of throughfall reduction (approximate 30% reduction) and fertilization (complete suite of nutrients). Tree and stand growth were measured at each site. Results after two growing seasons indicate a positive but variable response of fertilization on stand volume increment at all four sites and a negative effect of throughfall reduction at two sites. Data will be used to produce robust process model parameterizations useful for simulating loblolly pine growth and function under future, novel climate and management scenarios. The resulting improved models will provide support for developing management strategies to increase pine plantation productivity and carbon sequestration under a changing climate.
2017-09-20T18:23:00Z
2017-09-20T18:23:00Z
2017-09-20T18:23:00Z
2015-06-03
Article - Refereed
Will, R.E.; Fox, T.; Akers, M.; Domec, J.-C.; González-Benecke, C.; Jokela, E.J.; Kane, M.; Laviner, M.A.; Lokuta, G.; Markewitz, D.; McGuire, M.A.; Meek, C.; Noormets, A.; Samuelson, L.; Seiler, J.; Strahm, B.; Teskey, R.; Vogel, J.; Ward, E.; West, J.; Wilson, D.; Martin, T.A. A Range-Wide Experiment to Investigate Nutrient and Soil Moisture Interactions in Loblolly Pine Plantations. Forests 2015, 6, 2014-2028.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79246
https://doi.org/10.3390/f6062014
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1021392023-11-29T12:18:35Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_70873col_10919_24279
A Training Manual for Virginia Tree Stewards, 4th Edition
Wiseman, P. Eric
Orton, Martha
Hamersky, William
Maywalt, Tim
Little, Anne
Angle, Beverly
Harris, Catherine
Harold, Jeremy
White, Barbara
Johnson, Lara
O'Liddy, Molly
McGlone, Jim
Downing, Adam K.
Wiseman, P. Eric
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
Tree Stewards are trained community volunteers committed to promoting healthy urban and rural forests in Virginia. Tree Stewards provide training classes, educational programs, and projects in their communities intended to increase public awareness of the value of trees while teaching about trees and tree care. With classroom training and hands-on practice, Tree Stewards are equipped to identify trees, counsel on tree selection, demonstrate proper tree planting and follow-up care, and guide removal of invasive plants that threaten trees.
2021-01-30T21:17:09Z
2021-01-30T21:17:09Z
2021-01-30T21:17:09Z
2020
Manual
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102139
Wiseman, Phillip [0000-0002-5743-7612]
en
https://treesvirginia.org/outreach/tree-stewards
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright (InC)
Virginia Urban Forest Council
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/969462023-11-29T19:08:58Zcom_10919_5540com_10919_23829com_10919_5553com_10919_23967com_10919_5557com_10919_91436com_10919_5532col_10919_71752col_10919_23830col_10919_24279col_10919_97229
Soil Bacterial and Fungal Communities Exhibit Distinct Long-Term Responses to Disturbance in Temperate Forests
Osburn, Ernest D.
McBride, Steven Glynn II
Aylward, Frank O.
Badgley, Brian D.
Strahm, Brian D.
Knoepp, Jennifer D.
Barrett, John E.
Biological Sciences
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
School of Plant and Environmental Sciences
soil
microbial community
forest management
qPCR
16S
ITS
In Appalachian ecosystems, forest disturbance has long-term effects on microbially driven biogeochemical processes such as nitrogen (N) cycling. However, little is known regarding long-term responses of forest soil microbial communities to disturbance in the region. We used 16S and ITS sequencing to characterize soil bacterial (16S) and fungal (ITS) communities across forested watersheds with a range of past disturbance regimes and adjacent reference forests at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in the Appalachian mountains of North Carolina. Bacterial communities in previously disturbed forests exhibited consistent responses, including increased alpha diversity and increased abundance of copiotrophic (e.g., Proteobacteria) and N-cycling (e.g., Nitrospirae) bacterial phyla. Fungal community composition also showed disturbance effects, particularly in mycorrhizal taxa. However, disturbance did not affect fungal alpha diversity, and disturbance effects were not consistent at the fungal class level. Co-occurrence networks constructed for bacteria and fungi showed that disturbed communities were characterized by more connected and tightly clustered network topologies, indicating that disturbance alters not only community composition but also potential ecological interactions among taxa. Although bacteria and fungi displayed different long-term responses to forest disturbance, our results demonstrate clear responses of important bacterial and fungal functional groups (e.g., nitrifying bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi), and suggest that both microbial groups play key roles in the long-term alterations to biogeochemical processes observed following forest disturbance in the region.
2020-02-20T15:39:29Z
2020-02-20T15:39:29Z
2020-02-20T15:39:29Z
2019-12-11
Article - Refereed
1664-302X
2872
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/96946
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02872
10
31921050
en
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/944322023-11-29T12:18:37Zcom_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_24279
Lidar-based estimates of aboveground biomass in the continental US and Mexico using ground, airborne, and satellite observations
Nelson, Ross F.
Margolis, Hank
Montesano, Paul
Sun, Guoqing
Cook, Bruce
Corp, Larry
Andersen, Hans-Erik
deJong, Ben
Paz Pellat, Fernando
Fickel, Thaddeus
Kauffman, Jobriath S.
Prisley, Stephen P.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
ICESat/GLAS
Hybrid 3-phase sampling
Model-based
Forest biomass
Existing national forest inventory plots, an airborne lidar scanning (ALS) system, and a space profiling lidar system (ICESat-GLAS) are used to generate circa 2005 estimates of total aboveground dry biomass (AGB) in forest strata, by state, in the continental United States (CONUS) and Mexico. The airborne lidar is used to link ground observations of AGB to space lidar measurements. Two sets of models are generated, the first relating ground estimates of AGB to airborne laser scanning (ALS) measurements and the second set relating ALS estimates of AGB (generated using the first model set) to GLAS measurements. GLAS then, is used as a sampling tool within a hybrid estimation framework to generate stratum-, state-, and national-level AGB estimates. A two-phase variance estimator is employed to quantify GLAS sampling variability and, additively, ALS-GLAS model variability in this current, three-phase (ground-ALS-space lidar) study. The model variance component characterizes the variability of the regression coefficients used to predict ALS-based estimates of biomass as a function of GLAS measurements. Three different types of predictive models are considered in CONUS to determine which produced biomass totals closest to ground-based national forest inventory estimates - (1) linear (LIN), (2) linear-no-intercept (LNI), and (3) log-linear. For CONUS at the national level, the GLAS LNI model estimate (23.95 +/- 0.45 Gt AGB), agreed most closely with the US national forest inventory ground estimate, 24.17 +/- 0.06 Gt, i.e., within 1%. The national biomass total based on linear ground-ALS and ALS-GLAS models (25.87 +/- 0.49 Gt) overestimated the national ground-based estimate by 7.5%. The comparable log -linear model result (63.29 +/- 1.36 Gt) overestimated ground results by 261%. All three national biomass GLAS estimates, LIN, LNI, and log -linear, are based on 241,718 pulses collected on 230 orbits. The US national forest inventory (ground) estimates are based on 119,414 ground plots. At the US state level, the average absolute value of the deviation of LNI GLAS estimates from the comparable ground estimate of total biomass was 18.8% (range: Oregon, -40.8% to North Dakota, 128.6%). Log-linear models produced gross overestimates in the continental US, i.e., >2.6x, and the use of this model to predict regional biomass using GLAS data in temperate, western hemisphere forests is not appropriate. The best model form, LNI, is used to produce biomass estimates in Mexico. The average biomass density in Mexican forests is 53.10 +/- 0.88 t/ha, and the total biomass for the country, given a total forest area of 688,096 km(2), is 3.65 +/- 0.06 Gt. In Mexico, our GLAS biomass total underestimated a 2005 FAO estimate (4.152 Gt) by 12% and overestimated a 2007/8 radar study's figure (3.06 Gt) by 19%. (C) Published by Elsevier Inc.
2019-10-10T17:41:28Z
2019-10-10T17:41:28Z
2019-10-10T17:41:28Z
2017-01
Article - Refereed
0034-4257
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94432
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.10.038
188
1879-0704
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1097892023-11-29T12:18:37Zcom_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_78630col_10919_24279
Vulnerable Waters are Essential to Watershed Resilience
Lane, Charles R.
Creed, Irena F.
Golden, Heather E.
Leibowitz, Scott G.
Mushet, David M.
Rains, Mark C.
Wu, Qiusheng
D'Amico, Ellen
Alexander, Laurie C.
Ali, Genevieve A.
Basu, Nandita B.
Bennett, Micah G.
Christensen, Jay R.
Cohen, Matthew J.
Covino, Tim P.
DeVries, Ben
Hill, Ryan A.
Jencso, Kelsey
Lang, Megan W.
McLaughlin, Daniel L.
Rosenberry, Donald O.
Rover, Jennifer
Vanderhoof, Melanie K.
ephemeral stream
geographically isolated wetlands
headwater stream
intermittent river and ephemeral stream
intermittent stream
non-floodplain wetland
perennial stream
state transitions
steady state
thresholds
water quality
watershed management
Watershed resilience is the ability of a watershed to maintain its characteristic system state while concurrently resisting, adapting to, and reorganizing after hydrological (for example, drought, flooding) or biogeochemical (for example, excessive nutrient) disturbances. Vulnerable waters include non-floodplain wetlands and headwater streams, abundant watershed components representing the most distal extent of the freshwater aquatic network. Vulnerable waters are hydrologically dynamic and biogeochemically reactive aquatic systems, storing, processing, and releasing water and entrained (that is, dissolved and particulate) materials along expanding and contracting aquatic networks. The hydrological and biogeochemical functions emerging from these processes affect the magnitude, frequency, timing, duration, storage, and rate of change of material and energy fluxes among watershed components and to downstream waters, thereby maintaining watershed states and imparting watershed resilience. We present here a conceptual framework for understanding how vulnerable waters confer watershed resilience. We demonstrate how individual and cumulative vulnerable-water modifications (for example, reduced extent, altered connectivity) affect watershed-scale hydrological and biogeochemical disturbance response and recovery, which decreases watershed resilience and can trigger transitions across thresholds to alternative watershed states (for example, states conducive to increased flood frequency or nutrient concentrations). We subsequently describe how resilient watersheds require spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability in hydrological and biogeochemical interactions between terrestrial systems and down-gradient waters, which necessitates attention to the conservation and restoration of vulnerable waters and their downstream connectivity gradients. To conclude, we provide actionable principles for resilient watersheds and articulate research needs to further watershed resilience science and vulnerable-water management.
2022-05-03T12:32:48Z
2022-05-03T12:32:48Z
2022-05-03T12:32:48Z
2022-02-07
Article - Refereed
1432-9840
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/109789
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-021-00737-2
1435-0629
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Springer
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/845432023-11-29T12:18:39Zcom_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_24279
Brazil's Market for Trading Forest Certificates
Soares-Filho, Britaldo
Rajao, Raoni
Merry, Frank
Rodrigues, Hermann
Davis, Juliana
Lima, Leticia
Macedo, Marcia
Coe, Michael
Carneiro, Arnaldo
Santiago, Leonardo
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
Brazil faces an enormous challenge to implement its revised Forest Code. Despite big losses for the environment, the law introduces new mechanisms to facilitate compliance and foster payment for ecosystem services (PES). The most promising of these is a market for trading forest certificates (CRAs) that allows landowners to offset their restoration obligations by paying for maintaining native vegetation elsewhere. We analyzed the economic potential for the emerging CRA market in Brazil and its implications for PES programs. Results indicate a potential market for trading 4.2 Mha of CRAs with a gross value of US$ 9.2±2.4 billion, with main regional markets forming in the states of Mato Grosso and São Paulo. This would be the largest market for trading forests in the world. Overall, the potential supply of CRAs in Brazilian states exceeds demand, creating an opportunity for additional PES programs to use the CRA market. This expanded market could provide not only monetary incentives to conserve native vegetation, but also environmental co-benefits by fostering PES programs focused on biodiversity, water conservation, and climate regulation. Effective implementation of the Forest Code will be vital to the success of this market and this hurdle brings uncertainty into the market. Long-term commitment, both within Brazil and abroad, will be essential to overcome the many challenges ahead.
2018-08-13T19:10:07Z
2018-08-13T19:10:07Z
2018-08-13T19:10:07Z
2016-04-06
Article - Refereed
e0152311
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/84543
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152311
11
4
27050309
1932-6203
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
PLOS
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1145352023-11-29T12:18:40Zcom_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_24279
Restaurateurs' context, decisions, and views on supporting sustainable seafood: Insights from Chile
Donlan, C. Josh
Sorice, Michael G.
Contreras-Drey, Francisco J.
Oyanedel, Rodrigo
Avila-Thieme, M. Isidora
Gelcich, Stefan
chefs
choice experiment
restaurants
seafood
sustainability
traceability
While restauranteurs are important actors in seafood systems, information on their decisions and views on sustainability is lacking. Using mixed methods, we explored Chilean restauranters' contexts, decisions, and views on seafood sustainability. Menus in Chile are diverse and dominated by domestic and wild-caught sources. Restauranters are willing to participate in traceability programs, especially when it is for both sustainability and health safety reasons. Restauranters believe that seafood is an elite resource and high prices are inhibiting access. They also believe patrons care little about seafood sustainability yet are willing to pay a premium for it. This contradiction suggests a mechanism for activating values via situational factors. While demand and benefits for seafood traceability programs appear present, challenges threaten successful implementation. Complex socio-economic factors, such as affordability, elitism, and inequity, need to be integrated into traceability program design to contribute to the necessary transformation of seafood systems.
2023-04-18T12:17:36Z
2023-04-18T12:17:36Z
2023-04-18T12:17:36Z
2022-11
Article - Refereed
1009130
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/114535
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.1009130
9
2296-7745
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Chile
Frontiers
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/793252023-11-29T12:18:41Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_78882col_10919_24279
Identifying Irrigated Areas in the Snake River Plain, Idaho: Evaluating Performance across Composting Algorithms, Spectral Indices, and Sensors
Chance, Eric W.
Cobourn, Kelly M.
Thomas, Valerie A.
Dawson, Blaine C.
Flores, Alejandro N.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
agriculture
classification algorithm
irrigation
Snake River Plain
water use
There are pressing concerns about the interplay between agricultural productivity, water demand, and water availability in semi-arid to arid regions of the world. Currently, irrigated agriculture is the dominant water user in these regions and is estimated to consume approximately 80% of the world’s diverted freshwater resources. We develop an improved irrigated land-use mapping algorithm that uses the seasonal maximum value of a spectral index to distinguish between irrigated and non-irrigated parcels in Idaho’s Snake River Plain. We compare this approach to two alternative algorithms that differentiate between irrigated and non-irrigated parcels using spectral index values at a single date or the area beneath spectral index trajectories for the duration of the agricultural growing season. Using six different pixel and county-scale error metrics, we evaluate the performance of these three algorithms across all possible combinations of two growing seasons (2002 and 2007), two datasets (MODIS and Landsat 5), and three spectral indices, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Enhanced Vegetation Index and Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDVI, EVI, and NDMI). We demonstrate that, on average, the seasonal-maximum algorithm yields an improvement in classification accuracy over the accepted single-date approach, and that the average improvement under this approach is a 60% reduction in county scale root mean square error (RMSE), and modest improvements of overall accuracy in the pixel scale validation. The greater accuracy of the seasonal-maximum algorithm is primarily due to its ability to correctly classify non-irrigated lands in riparian and developed areas of the study region.
2017-09-20T18:32:19Z
2017-09-20T18:32:19Z
2017-09-20T18:32:19Z
2017-06-01
Article - Refereed
Chance, E.W.; Cobourn, K.M.; Thomas, V.A.; Dawson, B.C.; Flores, A.N. Identifying Irrigated Areas in the Snake River Plain, Idaho: Evaluating Performance across Composting Algorithms, Spectral Indices, and Sensors. Remote Sens. 2017, 9, 546.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79325
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9060546
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/964322023-11-29T12:18:42Zcom_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_24279
Pattern and structure of microtopography implies autogenic origins in forested wetlands
Diamond, Jacob S.
McLaughlin, Daniel L.
Slesak, Robert A.
Stovall, Atticus
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
Wetland microtopography is a visually striking feature, but also critically influences biogeochemical processes at both the scale of its observation (10(-2)-10(2)m(2)) and at aggregate scales (10(2)-10(4) m(2)). However, relatively little is known about how wetland microtopography develops or the factors influencing its structure and pattern. Growing research across different ecosystems suggests that reinforcing processes may be common between plants and their environment, resulting in self-organized patch features, like hummocks. Here, we used landscape ecology metrics and diagnostics to evaluate the plausibility of plant-environment feedback mechanisms in the maintenance of wetland microtopography. We used terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) to quantify the sizing and spatial distribution of hummocks in 10 black ash (Fraxinus nigra Marshall) wetlands in northern Minnesota, USA. We observed clear elevation bimodality in our wettest sites, indicating microsite divergence into two states: elevated hummocks and low elevation hollows. We coupled the TLS dataset to a 3-year water level record and soil-depth measurements, and showed that hummock height (mean = 0.31 +/- 0.06 m) variability is largely predicted by mean water level depth (R-2 = 0.8 at the site scale, R-2 = 0.12-0.56 at the hummock scale), with little influence of subsurface microtopography on surface microtopography. Hummocks at wetter sites exhibited regular spatial patterning (i.e., regular spacing of ca. 1.5 m, 25 %-30 % further apart than expected by chance) in contrast to the more random spatial arrangements of hummocks at drier sites Hummock size distributions (perimeters, areas, and volumes) were lognormal, with a characteristic patch area of approximately 1 m(2) across sites. Hummocks increase the effective soil surface area for redox gradients and exchange interfaces in black ash wetlands by up to 32 %, and influence surface water dynamics through modulation of specific yield by up to 30 %. Taken together, the data support the hypothesis that vegetation develops and maintains hummocks in response to anaerobic stresses from saturated soils, with a potential for a micro-topographic signature of life.
2020-01-14T18:37:55Z
2020-01-14T18:37:55Z
2020-01-14T18:37:55Z
2019-12-16
Article - Refereed
1027-5606
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/96432
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-5069-2019
23
12
1607-7938
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
European Geosciences Union
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1053942023-11-29T12:18:43Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_70873col_10919_24279
Exome Resequencing Reveals Evolutionary History, Genomic Diversity, and Targets of Selection in the Conifers Pinus taeda and Pinus elliottii
Acosta, Juan J.
Fahrenkrog, Annette M.
Neves, Leandro G.
Resende, Marcio FR R.
Dervinis, Christopher
Davis, John M.
Holliday, Jason A.
Kirst, Matias
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Evolutionary Biology
Genetics & Heredity
Pinus taeda
Pinus elliottii
demography
genetic diversity
natural selection
exome
APPROXIMATE BAYESIAN COMPUTATION
LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM
NUCLEOTIDE DIVERSITY
DEMOGRAPHIC HISTORY
GENETIC DIVERSITY
LOBLOLLY-PINE
POPULATION-STRUCTURE
MULTILOCUS PATTERNS
STATISTICAL TESTS
BALSAM POPLAR
Developmental Biology
0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology
0603 Evolutionary Biology
0604 Genetics
Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii) are ecologically and economically important pine species that dominate many forest ecosystems in the southern United States, but like all conifers, the study of their genetic diversity and demographic history has been hampered by their large genome size. A small number of studies mainly based on candidate-gene sequencing have been reported for P. taeda to date, whereas none are available for P. elliottii. Targeted exome resequencing has recently enabled population genomics studies for conifers, approach used here to assess genomic diversity, signatures of selection, population structure, and demographic history of P. elliottii and P. taeda. Extensive similarities were revealed between these species: both species feature rapid linkage disequilibrium decay and high levels of genetic diversity. Moreover, genome-wide positive correlations for measures of genetic diversity between the species were also observed, likely due to shared structural genomic constraints. Also, positive selection appears to be targeting a common set of genes in both pines. Demographic history differs between both species, with only P. taeda being affected by a dramatic bottleneck during the last glacial period. The ability of P. taeda to recover from a dramatic reduction in population size while still retaining high levels of genetic diversity shows promise for other pines facing environmental stressors associated with climate change, indicating that these too may be able to adapt successfully to new future conditions even after a drastic population size contraction.
2021-10-15T12:31:48Z
2021-10-15T12:31:48Z
2021-10-15T12:31:48Z
2019-02-01
Article - Refereed
1759-6653
5303544 (PII)
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/105394
https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evz016
11
2
30689841
1759-6653
en
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000467953500014&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Oxford University Press
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/751142023-11-29T12:44:51Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557com_10919_23964col_10919_70873col_10919_24279col_10919_24331
The evolution of root-zone moisture capacities after deforestation: a step towards hydrological predictions under change?
Nijzink, R.
Hutton, C.
Pechlivanidis, I.
Capell, R.
Arheimer, B.
Freer, J.
Han, D.
Wagener, T.
McGuire, Kevin J.
Savenije, H.
Hrachowitz, M.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
Virginia Water Resources Research Center
The core component of many hydrological systems, the moisture storage capacity available to vegetation, is impossible to observe directly at the catchment scale and is typically treated as a calibration parameter or obtained from a priori available soil characteristics combined with estimates of rooting depth. Often this parameter is considered to remain constant in time. Using long-term data (30–40 years) from three experimental catchments that underwent significant land cover change, we tested the hypotheses that: (1) the root-zone storage capacity significantly changes after deforestation, (2) changes in the root-zone storage capacity can to a large extent explain post-treatment changes to the hydrological regimes and that (3) a time-dynamic formulation of the root-zone storage can improve the performance of a hydrological model. A recently introduced method to estimate catchment-scale root-zone storage capacities based on climate data (i.e. observed rainfall and an estimate of transpiration) was used to reproduce the temporal evolution of root-zone storage capacity under change. Briefly, the maximum deficit that arises from the difference between cumulative daily precipitation and transpiration can be considered as a proxy for root-zone storage capacity. This value was compared to the value obtained from four different conceptual hydrological models that were calibrated for consecutive 2-year windows. It was found that water-balance-derived root-zone storage capacities were similar to the values obtained from calibration of the hydrological models. A sharp decline in root-zone storage capacity was observed after deforestation, followed by a gradual recovery, for two of the three catchments. Trend analysis suggested hydrological recovery periods between 5 and 13 years after deforestation. In a proof-of-concept analysis, one of the hydrological models was adapted to allow dynamically changing root-zone storage capacities, following the observed changes due to deforestation. Although the overall performance of the modified model did not considerably change, in 51% of all the evaluated hydrological signatures, considering all three catchments, improvements were observed when adding a time-variant representation of the root-zone storage to the model. In summary, it is shown that root-zone moisture storage capacities can be highly affected by deforestation and climatic influences and that a simple method exclusively based on climate data can not only provide robust, catchment-scale estimates of this critical parameter, but also reflect its timedynamic behaviour after deforestation.
2017-02-22T04:17:32Z
2017-02-22T04:17:32Z
2017-02-22T04:17:32Z
2016
Article - Refereed
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/75114
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4775-2016
20
McGuire, Kevin J. [0000-0001-5751-3956]
http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/20/4775/2016/
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1152052023-11-29T12:18:45Zcom_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_24279
Recreation as a transformative experience: Synthesizing the literature on outdoor recreation and recreation ecosystem services into a systems framework
Morse, Wayde C.
Stern, Marc J.
Blahna, Dale
Stein, Taylor
Recreation
Social ecological systems
Ecosystem services
Outdoor recreation is a type of recreation that occurs in, and depends on, the natural environment. Ecosystem services are the benefits people receive from ecosystems. The outdoor recreation research (ORR) field has developed a detailed understanding of the recreation experience but has not developed a full understanding of the contribution of the natural environment to those experiences. Recreation Ecosystem Services (RES) is a newer area of research that highlights the contribution of the natural environment for recreation. The integration of these lines of research can improve our understanding of how the natural environment contributes to outdoor recreation benefits and outcomes.In this conceptual synthesis paper, we outline the evolution of outdoor recreation management to identify key theories and central concepts related to the biophysical setting in ORR. We then summarize contributions from RES, emphasizing the role of the natural environment in this research. Subsequently, we highlight key elements from systems theory and present the idea of transformation as a central element in outdoor recreation. We present a framework that captures central ideas from the ORR and RES fields and highlights the dynamic nature of transformative outdoor recreation experiences embedded in social-ecological complex adaptive systems. A more holistic systems view of outdoor recreation can help researchers and managers envision the bigger picture of how outdoor recreation land management contributes to recreation benefits and ecosystem services. If we understand the full complexity of the recreation system, we are better situated to address specific components in meaningful ways.
2023-05-26T13:51:11Z
2023-05-26T13:51:11Z
2023-05-26T13:51:11Z
2022-06
Article - Refereed
2213-0780
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/115205
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2022.100492
38
2213-0799
en
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Public Domain (U.S.)
Elsevier
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/901692023-11-29T19:09:31Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_5540com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_78882col_10919_71752col_10919_24279
Wildfire and Prescribed Fire Effects on Forest Floor Properties and Erosion Potential in the Central Appalachian Region, USA
Thompson, Emma Georgia
Coates, T. Adam
Aust, W. Michael
Thomas-Van Gundy, Melissa A.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
forest soil
litter
duff
fire intensity
fire severity
char height
Universal Soil Loss Equation
Table Mountain pine (Pinus pungens Lamb.)
Appalachian Mountains
Short- and long-term impacts of wildland fires on forest floor properties and erosion potential were examined at three locations in the Central Appalachian region, U.S.A. In 2018, two wildfires were investigated within six months of burning on the George Washington–Jefferson National Forest (GWJNF) in Bland County, Virginia and the Monongahela National Forest (MNF) in Grant County, West Virginia. An additional wildfire was studied eight years post-fire on the Fishburn Forest (FF) in Montgomery County, Virginia. A 2018 prescribed fire was also studied within six months of burning on the MNF in Pendleton County, West Virginia. Litter and duff consumption were examined to evaluate fire severity and char heights were measured to better understand fire intensity. The Universal Soil Loss Equation for forestlands (USLE-Forest) was utilized to estimate potential erosion values. For the 2018 comparisons, litter depth was least as a result of the wildfires on both the MNF and GWJNF (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Wildfire burned duff depths in 2018 did not differ from unburned duff depths on either the MNF or GWJNF. Eight years after the FF wildfire, post-fire litter depth was less than that of an adjacent non-burned forest (<i>p</i> = 0.29) and duff depth was greater than that of an adjacent non-burned forest (<i>p</i> = 0.76). Mean GWJNF wildfire char heights were greatest of all disturbance regimes at 10.0 m, indicating high fire intensity, followed by the MNF wildfire and then the MNF prescribed fire. USLE-Forest potential erosion estimates were greatest on the MNF wildfire at 21.6 Mg soil ha<sup>−1</sup> year<sup>−1</sup> due to slope steepness. The next largest USLE-Forest value was 6.9 Mg soil ha<sup>−1</sup> year<sup>−1</sup> on the GWJNF wildfire. Both the prescribed fire and the 2010 wildfire USLE-Forest values were approximately 0.00 Mg soil ha<sup>−1</sup> year<sup>−1</sup>. Implications for potential long-term soil erosion resulting from similar wildfires in Central Appalachian forests appeared to be minimal given the 2010 wildfire results.
2019-06-14T12:55:53Z
2019-06-14T12:55:53Z
2019-06-14T12:55:53Z
2019-06-08
Article - Refereed
Thompson, E.G.; Coates, T.A.; Aust, W.M.; Thomas-Van Gundy, M.A. Wildfire and Prescribed Fire Effects on Forest Floor Properties and Erosion Potential in the Central Appalachian Region, USA. Forests 2019, 10, 493.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90169
https://doi.org/10.3390/f10060493
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/468202023-11-29T12:18:46Zcom_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_24279
Sampling-Skewed Biological Populations: Behavior of Confidence Intervals for the Population Total
Gregoire, Timothy G.
Schabenberger, Oliver
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
asymmetry
failure rates
normality
simple random sampling
size
Four populations were repeatedly sampled with the aim of examining interval estimation of the cumulative amount, T, of some characteristic that has a positively skewed distribution, a feature of many biological populations. With samples of various sizes, the empirical sampling distribution of the simple expansion estimator was remarkably symmetric and approximately normal, as was that of the customary ratio-of-means estimator. While the nominal coverage rate of (1 - alpha)100% intervals based on the Student's t distribution was nearly achieved in all cases, there was a substantially greater tendency for such intervals to fail from below rather than above. This behavior is attributed to the strong positive correlation between the estimator of the population total and the corresponding estimator of its variance when sampling from a finite, and perforce nonnormal, population.
2014-03-27T13:06:00Z
2014-03-27T13:06:00Z
2014-03-27T13:06:00Z
1999-04
Article - Refereed
Timothy G. Gregoire and Oliver Schabenberger 1999. Sampling-Skewed Biological Populations: Behavior of Confidence Intervals for the Population Total. Ecology 80:1056-1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[1056:SSBPBO]2.0.CO;2
0012-9658
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46820
http://www.esajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1890/0012-9658%281999%29080%5B1056%3ASSBPBO%5D2.0.CO%3B2
https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[1056:ssbpbo]2.0.co;2
en_US
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
Ecological Society of America
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1049942023-11-29T12:18:47Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_70873col_10919_24279
Leveraging 35 years of Pinus taeda research in the southeastern US to constrain forest carbon cycle predictions: regional data assimilation using ecosystem experiments
Thomas, R. Quinn
Brooks, Evan B.
Jersild, Annika L.
Ward, Eric J.
Wynne, Randolph H.
Albaugh, Timothy J.
Dinon-Aldridge, Heather
Burkhart, Harold E.
Domec, Jean-Christophe
Fox, Thomas R.
González-Benecke, Carlos
Martin, Timothy A.
Noormets, Asko
Sampson, David A.
Teskey, Robert O.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Physical Sciences
Ecology
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Environmental Sciences & Ecology
Geology
MODEL-DATA FUSION
CANOPY STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE
RADIATION-USE EFFICIENCY
SOUTHERN UNITED-STATES
LOBLOLLY-PINE
3-PG MODEL
THROUGHFALL REDUCTION
WATER AVAILABILITY
GROWTH-RESPONSES
FERTILIZATION
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
04 Earth Sciences
05 Environmental Sciences
06 Biological Sciences
Predicting how forest carbon cycling will change in response to climate change and management depends on the collective knowledge from measurements across environmental gradients, ecosystem manipulations of global change factors, and mathematical models. Formally integrating these sources of knowledge through data assimilation, or model-data fusion, allows the use of past observations to constrain model parameters and estimate prediction uncertainty. Data assimilation (DA) focused on the regional scale has the opportunity to integrate data from both environmental gradients and experimental studies to constrain model parameters. Here, we introduce a hierarchical Bayesian DA approach (Data Assimilation to Predict Productivity for Ecosystems and Regions, DAPPER) that uses observations of carbon stocks, carbon fluxes, water fluxes, and vegetation dynamics from loblolly pine plantation ecosystems across the southeastern US to constrain parameters in a modified version of the Physiological Principles Predicting Growth (3-PG) forest growth model. The observations included major experiments that manipulated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, water, and nutrients, along with nonexperimental surveys that spanned environmental gradients across an 8.6ĝ€ × ĝ€105ĝ€km2 region. We optimized regionally representative posterior distributions for model parameters, which dependably predicted data from plots withheld from the data assimilation. While the mean bias in predictions of nutrient fertilization experiments, irrigation experiments, and CO2 enrichment experiments was low, future work needs to focus modifications to model structures that decrease the bias in predictions of drought experiments. Predictions of how growth responded to elevated CO2 strongly depended on whether ecosystem experiments were assimilated and whether the assimilated field plots in the CO2 study were allowed to have different mortality parameters than the other field plots in the region. We present predictions of stem biomass productivity under elevated CO2, decreased precipitation, and increased nutrient availability that include estimates of uncertainty for the southeastern US. Overall, we (1) demonstrated how three decades of research in southeastern US planted pine forests can be used to develop DA techniques that use multiple locations, multiple data streams, and multiple ecosystem experiment types to optimize parameters and (2) developed a tool for the development of future predictions of forest productivity for natural resource managers that leverage a rich dataset of integrated ecosystem observations across a region.
2021-09-14T16:40:34Z
2021-09-14T16:40:34Z
2021-09-14T16:40:34Z
2017-07-26
Article - Refereed
1726-4170
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104994
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3525-2017
14
14
Thomas, R. Quinn [0000-0003-1282-7825]
Wynne, Randolph H. [0000-0003-3649-835X]
Albaugh, Timothy [0000-0002-0216-0134]
1726-4189
en
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000406345300002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
United States
Copernicus
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/819722022-03-22T02:25:54Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_70873col_10919_24279
Assessing the extent and drivers of forest plantation establishment in Andhra Pradesh
Wynne, Randolph H.
Thomas, Valerie A.
Gundimeda, Haripriya
Amacher, Gregory S.
Cobourn, Kelly M.
Köhlin, Gunnar
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
2018-01-31T21:33:36Z
2018-01-31T21:33:36Z
2018-01-31T21:33:36Z
2017-07
Conference proceeding
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81972
Wynne, RH [0000-0003-3649-835X]
Thomas, VA [0000-0003-2189-6013]
LCLUC SARI International Regional Science Meeting in South/Southeast Asia
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
Chiang Mai, Thailand
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1032382023-11-29T12:18:48Zcom_10919_23829com_10919_5553com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_23830col_10919_24279
Lake thermal structure drives interannual variability in summer anoxia dynamics in a eutrophic lake over 37 years
Ladwig, Robert
Hanson, Paul C.
Dugan, Hilary A.
Carey, Cayelan C.
Zhang, Yu
Shu, Lele
Duffy, Christopher J.
Cobourn, Kelly M.
Biological Sciences
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
The concentration of oxygen is fundamental to lake water quality and ecosystem functioning through its control over habitat availability for organisms, redox reactions, and recycling of organic material. In many eutrophic lakes, oxygen depletion in the bottom layer (hypolimnion) occurs annually during summer stratification. The temporal and spatial extent of summer hypolimnetic anoxia is determined by interactions between the lake and its external drivers (e.g., catchment characteristics, nutrient loads, meteorology) as well as internal feedback mechanisms (e.g., organic matter recycling, phytoplankton blooms). How these drivers interact to control the evolution of lake anoxia over decadal timescales will determine, in part, the future lake water quality. In this study, we used a vertical one-dimensional hydrodynamic-ecological model (GLM-AED2) coupled with a calibrated hydrological catchment model (PIHM-Lake) to simulate the thermal and water quality dynamics of the eutrophic Lake Mendota (USA) over a 37 year period. The calibration and validation of the lake model consisted of a global sensitivity evaluation as well as the application of an optimization algorithm to improve the fit between observed and simulated data. We calculated stability indices (Schmidt stability, Birgean work, stored internal heat), identified spring mixing and summer stratification periods, and quantified the energy required for stratification and mixing. To qualify which external and internal factors were most important in driving the interannual variation in summer anoxia, we applied a random-forest classifier and multiple linear regressions to modeled ecosystem variables (e.g., stratification onset and offset, ice duration, gross primary production). Lake Mendota exhibited prolonged hypolimnetic anoxia each summer, lasting between 50-60 d. The summer heat budget, the timing of thermal stratification, and the gross primary production in the epilimnion prior to summer stratification were the most important predictors of the spatial and temporal extent of summer anoxia periods in Lake Mendota. Interannual variability in anoxia was largely driven by physical factors: earlier onset of thermal stratification in combination with a higher vertical stability strongly affected the duration and spatial extent of summer anoxia. A measured step change upward in summer anoxia in 2010 was unexplained by the GLM-AED2 model. Although the cause remains unknown, possible factors include invasion by the predacious zooplankton Bythotrephes longimanus. As the heat budget depended primarily on external meteorological conditions, the spatial and temporal extent of summer anoxia in Lake Mendota is likely to increase in the near future as a result of projected climate change in the region.
2021-05-11T12:12:33Z
2021-05-11T12:12:33Z
2021-05-11T12:12:33Z
2021-02-25
Article - Refereed
1027-5606
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103238
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1009-2021
25
2
1607-7938
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1065642023-11-29T12:18:49Zcom_10919_23967com_10919_5557com_10919_91436com_10919_5532com_10919_24235col_10919_24279col_10919_97229col_10919_24309
Thinning forests or planting fields? Producer preferences for establishing silvopasture
Wilkens, Philadelphia
Munsell, John F.
Fike, John H.
Pent, Gabriel J.
Frey, Gregory E.
Addlestone, Benjamin J.
Downing, Adam K.
Adoption
Forest management
Tree planting
Livestock
Silvopasture is the intentional integration of trees, forages, and livestock. Benefits of this agroforestry practice include shade for livestock, nutritious forage, and reduced wind speed in pastures, as well as ecosystem services and tree products. The literature indicate that some livestock producers are interested in silvopasture, but little is known about their establishment preferences and if they vary by demographics or operation type. This study hypothesized that producers are equally interested in planting trees in pastures (planting) and reducing forest canopy and planting forages (thinning) to establish silvopasture, and that the effects of the potential benefits of silvopasture on their preferences are similar. To test these hypotheses, 307 livestock producers in Virginia, United States of America were surveyed about whether they prefer planting or thinning. Producers also were asked about the extent to which potential benefits of silvopasture affect their preferences. Nearly 25% of the 139 respondents (response rate = 45%) were 'very interested' in thinning, compared to 8% for planting. Animal performance and welfare was their primary goal, but forest management and whole-farm productivity also were important. Guidelines are needed for maintaining stand health and productivity when thinning and for improving tree protection and growth in pastures when planting to establish silvopasture.
2021-11-09T19:35:39Z
2021-11-09T19:35:39Z
2021-11-09T19:35:39Z
2021-09-04
Article - Refereed
0167-4366
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/106564
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-021-00665-z
1572-9680
en
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Public Domain (U.S.)
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/969352023-11-29T12:18:50Zcom_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_24279
Framework for using downscaled climate model projections in ecological experiments to quantify plant and soil responses
Owen, Rachel K.
Webb, Elisabeth B.
Goyne, Keith W.
Svoma, Bohumil M.
Gautam, Sagar
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
bias correction
climate change
germination study
greenhouse study
mesocosm
statistical downscaling
Soil and plant responses to climate change can be quantified in controlled settings. However, the complexity of climate projections often leads researchers to evaluate ecosystem response based on general trends, rather than specific climate model outputs. Climate projections capture spatial and temporal climate extremes and variability that are lost when using mean climate trends. In addition, application of climate projections in experimental settings remains limited. Our objective was to develop a framework to incorporate statistically downscaled climate model projections into the design of temperature and precipitation treatments for ecological experiments. To demonstrate the utility of experimental treatments derived from climate projections, we used wetlands in the Great Plains as a model ecosystem for evaluating plant and soil responses. Spatial and temporal projections were selected to capture variability and intensity of projected future conditions for exemplary purposes. To illustrate climate projection application for ecological experiments, we developed temperature and precipitation treatments based on moderate-emissions scenario climate outputs (i.e., RCP4.5-650 ppm CO2 equivalent). Our temperature treatments captured weekly trends that represented cool, average, and warm temperature predictions, and our daily precipitation treatments mimicked various seasonal precipitation trends and extreme events projected for the late 21st century. Treatments were applied to two short-term controlled experiments evaluating (1) plant germination (temperature treatment applied in growth chamber) and (2) soil nitrogen cycling (precipitation treatment applied in greenhouse) responses to projected future conditions in the Great Plains. Our approach provides flexibility for selecting appropriate and precise climate model outputs to design experimental treatments. Using these techniques, ecologists can better incorporate variation in climate model projections for experimentally evaluating ecosystem responses to future climate conditions, reduce uncertainty in predictive ecological models, and apply predicted outcomes when making management and policy decisions.
2020-02-19T19:14:07Z
2020-02-19T19:14:07Z
2020-02-19T19:14:07Z
2019-09
Article - Refereed
2150-8925
e02857
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/96935
https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2857
10
9
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1052752023-11-29T12:18:51Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_78882col_10919_24279
Certain Soil Surfactants Could Become a Source of Soil Water Repellency after Repeated Application
Song, Enzhan
Goyne, Keith W.
Kremer, Robert J.
Anderson, Stephen H.
Xiong, Xi
Repeated application of soil surfactants, or wetting agents, is a common practice for alleviating soil water repellency associated with soil organic coatings. However, wetting agents are organic compounds that may also coat soil particle surfaces and reduce wettability. For this experiment, hydrophobic sands from the field and fresh, wettable sands were collected and treated with either a polyoxyalkylene polymer (PoAP) or alkyl block polymer (ABP) wetting agent, or water only treatments served as a control. Following repeated treatment application and sequential washings, dissolved and particulate organic carbon (OC) were detected in the leachates of both sand systems. The total amount of OC recovered in leachates was 88% or less than the OC introduced by the wetting agents, indicating sorption of wetting agent monomers to soil particle surfaces regardless of soil hydrophobicity status. While ABP treatment did not alter solid phase organic carbon (SOC) in the sands studied, PoAP application increased SOC by 16% and 45% which was visible in scanning electronic microscopy images, for hydrophobic and wettable sands, respectively. PoAP application also increased the hydrophobicity of both sands that were studied. In contrast, ABP treatment increased the wettability of hydrophobic sand. Our results provide strong evidence that certain wetting agents may increase soil hydrophobicity and exacerbate wettability challenges if used repeatedly over time.
2021-10-13T12:27:59Z
2021-10-13T12:27:59Z
2021-10-13T12:27:59Z
2021-09-30
Article - Refereed
Song, E.; Goyne, K.W.; Kremer, R.J.; Anderson, S.H.; Xiong, X. Certain Soil Surfactants Could Become a Source of Soil Water Repellency after Repeated Application. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 2577.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/105275
https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11102577
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/966522023-11-29T12:18:52Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_70873col_10919_24279
A Comparison of Geospatial Methods for Tree Canopy Assessment: A Case Study of an Urbanized College Campus
Hwang, Won
Wiseman, P. Eric
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
Urban tree canopy (UTC) assessment is essential for understanding the structure and function of urban forests and devising management strategies. Geospatial techniques are routinely utilized for UTC assessment, yet their capabilities and limitations may not be apparent to urban forestry practitioners. In this paper, we provide an overview of two primary methods of geospatial UTC assessment: photo interpretation (PI) and computerized image classification (IC). We then evaluate these methods through a case study of an urbanized college campus in the eastern United States. We examined the web-based application i-Tree Canopy as a PI method. Because this method relies on statistical point sampling, we performed independently replicated assessments of our study area at various point sample sizes to examine the effect of sample sizes on accuracy and certainty of the land cover estimates. We further evaluated two IC methods: a proprietary analysis using high-spatial resolution imagery and a low-spatial resolution analysis using the web-based application i-Tree Landscape. Tree cover assessed in our study area (3.58 km2) with i-Tree Canopy began stabilizing around the weighted mean (14.7%) at a sample size of 100 points but required 250 points or more to reach a tolerable standard error for the estimate. By comparison with the proprietary analysis of high-resolution imagery (16.1%, considered the most robust form of assessment), i-Tree Canopy slightly underestimated tree cover (14.7%), and i-Tree Landscape substantially underestimated tree cover (11.3%). Possible causes of variation in estimates amongst the methods and practical considerations for choosing a UTC assessment method are discussed.
2020-02-01T19:54:30Z
2020-02-01T19:54:30Z
2020-02-01T19:54:30Z
2019-04-03
Conference proceeding
Abstract
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/96652
Wiseman, Phillip [0000-0002-5743-7612]
en
American Association of Geographers Annual Meeting
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1182742024-03-05T12:04:10Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_70873col_10919_24279
Resilient Tree Species for Urban Environments in Virginia
Wiseman, P. Eric
Virginia Cooperative Extension Master Gardener College
2024-03-05T13:45:01Z
2024-03-05T13:45:01Z
2024-03-05T13:45:01Z
2023-06-09
Presentation
https://hdl.handle.net/10919/118274
Wiseman, Phillip [0000-0002-5743-7612]
en
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1040852023-11-29T12:44:52Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557com_10919_23964col_10919_70873col_10919_24279col_10919_24331
A catchment water balance assessment of an abrupt shift in evapotranspiration at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA
Green, Mark
Bailey, Scott W.
Campbell, John L.
McGuire, Kevin J.
Bailey, Amey
Fahey, Timothy
Lany, Nina
Zietlow, David
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
Virginia Water Resources Research Center
Environmental Engineering
0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience
0905 Civil Engineering
0907 Environmental Engineering
Small catchments have served as sentinels of forest ecosystem responses to changes in air quality and climate. The Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire has been tracking catchment water budgets and their controls - meteorology and vegetation - since 1956. Water budgets in four reference catchments indicated an approximately 30% increase in the evapotranspiration (ET) as estimated by the difference between precipitation (P) and runoff (RO) starting in 2010 and continuing through 2019. We analyzed the annual water budgets, cumulative deviations of the daily P, RO, and water budget residual (WBR = P - RO), potential ET, and indicators of subsurface storage to gain greater insight into this shift in the water budgets. The potential ET and the subsurface storage indicators suggest that this change in WBR was primarily due to increasing ET. While multiple long-term hydrological and micrometeorological data sets were used to detect and investigate this change in ET, additional measurements of groundwater storage and soil moisture would enable better estimation of ET within the catchment water balance. Increasing the breadth of long-term measurements across small gauged catchments allows them to serve as more effective sentinels of substantial hydrologic changes like the ET increase that we observed.
2021-07-01T19:39:38Z
2021-07-01T19:39:38Z
2021-07-01T19:39:38Z
2021-07-01
Article - Refereed
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104085
https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14300
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
New Hampshire
Wiley
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/970742023-11-29T12:18:54Zcom_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_24279
Estimating individual-tree aboveground biomass of tree species in the western USA
Poudel, Krishna P.
Temesgen, Hailemariam
Radtke, Philip J.
Gray, Andrew N.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
biomass
western United States
Dirichlet imputation
component ratio method
carbon
Using a large dataset compiled from studies over the years covering 23 tree species, we developed methods to estimate total and components (stem, bark, branch, and foliage) of aboveground live tree biomass. Missing components in the dataset were imputed using species-specific or generalized (species combined into softwood and hardwood groups) Dirichlet imputation. Geometric means of the imputed stem wood proportions were 8% and 9% higher than the observed geometric mean of stem wood proportions in softwood and hardwood species, respectively. For other components, the differences were within 1%. On average, the component ratio method (CRM), used for the official United States forest carbon inventories, underestimated the aboveground biomass (AGB, kg) predictions by 3.7% with a very wide range (-70.3% to 31.6%). Compared with the CRM approach, equations developed in this study reduced RMSE of AGB by as much as 145.0%. On average, new equations reduced RMSE in predicting individual-tree AGB by 15.5% compared with the CRM approach and by 3.9% compared with a calibration of CRM AGB. Predicting AGB as a function of stem volume was not as accurate as using direct AGB equations. Generalized component ratio equations may be suitable for the stem wood component but were highly biased for other components.
2020-02-27T16:04:51Z
2020-02-27T16:04:51Z
2020-02-27T16:04:51Z
2019-06
Article - Refereed
0045-5067
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97074
https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2018-0361
49
6
1208-6037
en
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1182752024-03-05T12:04:18Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_70873col_10919_24279
Documentation and Conservation of Champion Big Trees in Urban Forests
Wiseman, P. Eric
North Carolina Community Tree Webinar
2024-03-05T13:47:22Z
2024-03-05T13:47:22Z
2024-03-05T13:47:22Z
2023-11-14
Presentation
https://hdl.handle.net/10919/118275
Wiseman, Phillip [0000-0002-5743-7612]
en
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/998232023-11-29T19:10:02Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_5540com_10919_23967com_10919_5557com_10919_79468com_10919_78628col_10919_78882col_10919_71752col_10919_24279col_10919_79481
Household Perceptions and Practices of Recycling Tree Debris from Residential Properties
Schmitt-Harsh, Mikaela L.
Wiseman, P. Eric
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
household behavior
municipal solid waste
survey
urban forestry
urban wood utilization
Thousands of trees are lost in urbanizing areas of Virginia each year to land development, storms, and pests. As a result, large amounts of tree debris, much of which could be suitable for high-value wood products, are flowing from Virginia’s urban forests annually. Finding cost-effective, sustainable strategies for recycling this debris, particularly into durable wood products that keep carbon stored, could benefit the local economy and the local environment throughout the state. To inform outreach and technical assistance efforts of multiple groups across the state, a survey study was conducted in the City of Harrisonburg to determine household perceptions and practices of tree debris recycling. A random sample of owner-occupied, single-family dwellings was contacted using a mixed-mode survey approach to determine why and how trees were removed from the properties in the past and how the debris was disposed of or recycled. Survey responses were received from 189 households, with survey responses pointing toward a strong community sentiment for trees and their care. Nearly all respondents agreed that wood from street trees, park trees, and other neighborhood trees should be recycled into products rather than disposed of in a landfill; however, the majority of households do not currently recycle woody debris from trees removed on these properties. The three most important factors that would facilitate future participation in tree recycling include timely removal of the wood, free curbside pick-up of the wood, and knowledge of who to contact to handle the wood. Overall, these results point to household interest and willingness to participate in wood recycling programs given appropriate information to guide their decisions and local services to facilitate transfer of wood to the municipality or commercial woodworkers. This suggests a need for greater availability of neighborhood or municipal wood recycling programs, ideally coupled with greater education and outreach about the economic and environmental benefits of recovering and utilizing wood from felled trees.
2020-08-21T15:05:21Z
2020-08-21T15:05:21Z
2020-08-21T15:05:21Z
2020-08-11
Article - Refereed
Schmitt-Harsh, M.L.; Wiseman, E. Household Perceptions and Practices of Recycling Tree Debris from Residential Properties. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6476.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99823
https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166476
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1121522023-11-29T12:18:55Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_78882col_10919_24279
Walking the Walk toward Increasing Access and Reducing Emissions: The Promise and Challenges of Virtual Climate Adaptation Convenings
Merritt, Eileen G.
Brousseau, Jennifer J.
Stern, Marc J.
Hansen, Lara J.
Joint professional and stakeholder meetings to share local, regional and national responses to the current and projected effects of climate change have become regular, recurring events over the past decade. These “climate adaptation convenings” generally include presentations, discussions, and social learning about how to effectively respond to climate-related impacts. Many of these convenings shifted to virtual formats during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a study to understand how four virtual convenings in the United States compare with otherwise similar in-person events. Through surveys with attendees of four virtual climate adaptation convenings, we explored how attendees’ outcomes differed between conference formats and captured their perceptions of virtual vs. in-person events. Overall, 71% of attendees indicated that they were more likely or equally likely to attend future convenings online, and 62% reported that knowledge gain was about the same or better online than in-person. Many respondents appreciated the accessibility and more inclusive participation at virtual convenings, as well as the environmental benefits and reduced costs. However, interpersonal interactions were inferior in virtual formats, and some attendees experienced difficulties with technology and screen fatigue. Respondents shared suggestions for addressing these challenges. Altogether, findings suggest that virtual convenings have high potential if greater attention is paid to these elements.
2022-10-13T16:44:57Z
2022-10-13T16:44:57Z
2022-10-13T16:44:57Z
2022-10-03
Article - Refereed
Merritt, E.G.; Brousseau, J.J.; Stern, M.J.; Hansen, L.J. Walking the Walk toward Increasing Access and Reducing Emissions: The Promise and Challenges of Virtual Climate Adaptation Convenings. Sustainability 2022, 14, 12586.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/112152
https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912586
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1149722023-11-29T12:18:56Zcom_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_24279
Floodplain trophic subsidies in a modified river network: managed foodscapes of the future?
Sturrock, Anna M.
Ogaz, Mollie
Neal, Kelly
Corline, Nicholas J.
Peek, Ryan
Myers, Dana
Schluep, Sierra
Levinson, Marissa
Johnson, Rachel C.
Jeffres, Carson A.
Zooplankton
Salmon
Diet
Foodscape
Cladocera
Drought
Trophic subsidy
Context Cross-boundary subsidies create important growth opportunities for a range of taxa. In modified river systems, remnant patches of floodplain and flood bypasses become ephemeral hotspots of zooplankton production, however, the extent to which these prey items are (or could be) transported downstream is unclear. Objectives We investigated the diet of juvenile salmon under varying hydroclimatic conditions to assess the importance of floodplain-produced prey subsidies in an otherwise food-scarce region. Methods Juvenile salmon (n = 3033) and zooplankton were sampled across the California Central Valley Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta in 2014-2018, incorporating a range of climatic conditions including drought and flood. Salmon stomach fullness and diet composition, and ambient zooplankton densities were used to assess spatiotemporal patterns in prey production and consumption. Results Floodplain-produced cladocerans provided ephemeral food pulses to juvenile salmon in downstream riverine habitats. Salmon had the fullest stomachs in wetter years (2016-2017) and the emptiest stomachs in the final year of a multi-year drought (2015). Cladoceran abundances in the water column and salmon diets were highest during wet periods and below floodplains, and decreased with increasing distance downstream, consistent with flow-mediated trophic subsidies. Conclusions These data emphasize the importance of maintaining diverse, interconnected habitats to support resilient fish populations and the potential for managing floodplains to boost prey production and delivery. Here, the inundation of a flood bypass (or lack of) played a pivotal role shaping the juvenile salmon foodscape. As freshwater ecosystems are increasingly transformed by large-scale engineering, it is important to coordinate infrastructure, habitat and flow modifications to maximize climate resilience and trophic benefits to target species.
2023-05-08T18:03:52Z
2023-05-08T18:03:52Z
2023-05-08T18:03:52Z
2022-12
Article - Refereed
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/114972
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-022-01526-5
37
12
1572-9761
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Springer
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/793202023-11-29T12:18:57Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_78882col_10919_24279
How Similar Are Forest Disturbance Maps Derived from Different Landsat Time Series Algorithms?
Cohen, Warren B.
Healey, Sean P.
Yang, Zhiqiang
Stehman, Stephen V.
Brewer, C. Kenneth
Brooks, Evan B.
Gorelick, Noel
Huang, Chengqaun
Hughes, M. Joseph
Kennedy, Robert E.
Loveland, Thomas R.
Moisen, Gretchen G.
Schroeder, Todd A.
Vogelmann, James E.
Woodcock, Curtis E.
Yang, Limin
Zhu, Zhe
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
remote sensing
change detection
Landsat time series
forest disturbance
Disturbance is a critical ecological process in forested systems, and disturbance maps are important for understanding forest dynamics. Landsat data are a key remote sensing dataset for monitoring forest disturbance and there recently has been major growth in the development of disturbance mapping algorithms. Many of these algorithms take advantage of the high temporal data volume to mine subtle signals in Landsat time series, but as those signals become subtler, they are more likely to be mixed with noise in Landsat data. This study examines the similarity among seven different algorithms in their ability to map the full range of magnitudes of forest disturbance over six different Landsat scenes distributed across the conterminous US. The maps agreed very well in terms of the amount of undisturbed forest over time; however, for the ~30% of forest mapped as disturbed in a given year by at least one algorithm, there was little agreement about which pixels were affected. Algorithms that targeted higher-magnitude disturbances exhibited higher omission errors but lower commission errors than those targeting a broader range of disturbance magnitudes. These results suggest that a user of any given forest disturbance map should understand the map’s strengths and weaknesses (in terms of omission and commission error rates), with respect to the disturbance targets of interest.
2017-09-20T18:31:14Z
2017-09-20T18:31:14Z
2017-09-20T18:31:14Z
2017-03-26
Article - Refereed
Cohen, W.B.; Healey, S.P.; Yang, Z.; Stehman, S.V.; Brewer, C.K.; Brooks, E.B.; Gorelick, N.; Huang, C.; Hughes, M.J.; Kennedy, R.E.; Loveland, T.R.; Moisen, G.G.; Schroeder, T.A.; Vogelmann, J.E.; Woodcock, C.E.; Yang, L.; Zhu, Z. How Similar Are Forest Disturbance Maps Derived from Different Landsat Time Series Algorithms?Forests 2017, 8, 98.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79320
https://doi.org/10.3390/f8040098
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1026202023-11-29T12:18:58Zcom_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_24279
Divergent controls on carbon concentration and persistence between forests and grasslands of the conterminous US
Heckman, Katherine A.
Nave, Lucas E.
Bowman, Maggie M.
Gallo, Adrian C.
Hatten, Jeff A.
Matosziuk, Lauren M.
Possinger, Angela R.
SanClements, Michael D.
Strahm, Brian D.
Weiglein, Tyler L.
Rasmussen, C.
Swanston, Christopher W.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
Soil organic matter
Radiocarbon
Density fraction
Calcium carbonate
Oxyhydroxides
Variation in soil organic C (%OC) concentration has been associated with the concentration of reactive Fe- and Al-oxyhydroxide phases and exchangeable Ca, with the relative importance of these two stabilizing components shifting as soil pH moves from acid to alkaline. However, it is currently unknown if this pattern is similar or different with regard to measures of soil C persistence. We sampled soils from 3 horizons (uppermost A, uppermost B, C or lowest B horizons) across a pH gradient of 11 grass-dominated and 13 deciduous/mixed forest-dominated NEON sites to examine similarities and differences in the drivers of C concentration and persistence. Variation in C concentrations in all soils could be linked to abundances of Fe, Al and Ca, but were not significantly linked to variation in soil C persistence. Though pH was related to variation in Delta(OC)-O-14, higher persistence was associated with more alkaline pH values. In forested soils, depth explained 75% of the variation in Delta(OC)-O-14 (p < 0.0001), with no significant additional correlations with extractable metal phases. In grasslands, soil organic C persistence was not associated with exchangeable Ca concentrations, but instead was explained by depth and inorganic C concentrations (R-2 = 0.76, p < 0.0001), implying stabilization of organic C through association with carbonate precipitation. In grasslands, measures of substrate quality suggested greater persistence is also associated with a more advanced degree of decomposition. Results suggest that explanatory variables associated with C concentrations differ from those associated with persistence, and that reactive Fe- and Al-oxyhydroxide phases may not be present in high enough concentrations in most soils to offer any significant protective capacity. These results have significant implications for our understanding of how to model the soil C cycle and may suggest previously unrecognized stabilization mechanisms associated with carbonates and forms of extractable Si.
2021-03-05T14:58:25Z
2021-03-05T14:58:25Z
2021-03-05T14:58:25Z
2020-12
Article - Refereed
0168-2563
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102620
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-020-00725-z
1573-515X
en
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Public Domain
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1122072023-11-29T12:18:59Zcom_10919_97076com_10919_11358com_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557com_10919_24238com_10919_5538col_10919_97077col_10919_105038col_10919_24279col_10919_24312
X3D Field Trips for Remote Learning
Polys, Nicholas F.
Meaney, Kathleen
Munsell, John F.
Addlestone, Benjamin J.
Combinations of immersive media and graphic portrayals can enable the human subjective sense of Presence. This paper collects our experiences and evaluations from six projects that use Extensible 3D (X3D) interactive graphics to deliver spatial experiences across the WWW. X3D enables the combination of spherical panoramas with 3D models and maps to visually transport users to a specific real location at a specific time. Remote users have access to these worlds through a Web-browser or other immersive device; local users in a CAVE can collaborate with natural physical gestures; . We reflect on the graphical and interactive requirements of these projects and provide guidance for future applications. In the face of physical lock-downs and distancing due to the CoVID pandemic, such platforms illustrate the opportunities and challenges in the design and delivery of spatial visualizations, especially for remote learning.
2022-10-19T16:53:02Z
2022-10-19T16:53:02Z
2022-10-19T16:53:02Z
2021-11-08
Article - Refereed
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/112207
https://doi.org/10.1145/3485444.3487647
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The author(s)
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
ACM
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1093172023-11-29T19:10:19Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_5540com_10919_23967com_10919_5557com_10919_23966col_10919_78882col_10919_71752col_10919_24279col_10919_24330
Assessment of Canopy Health with Drone-Based Orthoimagery in a Southern Appalachian Red Spruce Forest
Harris, Ryley C.
Kennedy, Lisa M.
Pingel, Thomas J.
Thomas, Valerie A.
Consumer-grade drone-produced digital orthoimagery is a valuable tool for conservation management and enables the low-cost monitoring of remote ecosystems. This study demonstrates the applicability of RGB orthoimagery for the assessment of forest health at the scale of individual trees in a 46-hectare plot of rare southern Appalachian red spruce forest on Whitetop Mountain, Virginia. We used photogrammetric Structure from Motion software Pix4Dmapper with drone-collected imagery to generate a mosaic for point cloud reconstruction and orthoimagery of the plot. Using 3-band RBG digital orthoimagery, we visually classified 9402 red spruce individuals, finding 8700 healthy (92.5%), 251 declining/dying (2.6%), and 451 dead (4.8%). We mapped individual spruce trees in each class and produced kernel density maps of health classes (live, dead, and dying). Our approach provided a nearly gap-free assessment of the red spruce canopy in our study site, versus a much more time-intensive field survey. Our maps provided useful information on stand mortality patterns and canopy gaps that could be used by managers to identify optimal locations for selective thinning to facilitate understory sapling regeneration. This approach, dependent mainly on an off-the-shelf drone system and visual interpretation of orthoimagery, could be applied by land managers to measure forest health in other spruce, or possibly spruce-fir, communities in the Appalachians. Our study highlights the usefulness of drone-produced orthoimagery for conservation monitoring, presenting a valid and accessible protocol for the monitoring and assessment of forest health in remote spruce, and possibly other conifer, populations. Adoption of drone-based monitoring may be especially useful in light of climate change and the possible displacement of southern Appalachian red spruce (and spruce-fir) ecosystems by the upslope migration of deciduous trees.
2022-03-11T13:35:20Z
2022-03-11T13:35:20Z
2022-03-11T13:35:20Z
2022-03-10
Article - Refereed
Harris, R.C.; Kennedy, L.M.; Pingel, T.J.; Thomas, V.A. Assessment of Canopy Health with Drone-Based Orthoimagery in a Southern Appalachian Red Spruce Forest. Remote Sens. 2022, 14, 1341.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/109317
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14061341
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Virginia
United States
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/792322023-11-29T12:19:01Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24222com_10919_5532com_10919_24208com_10919_5553com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_78882col_10919_24298col_10919_24332col_10919_24279
Cloud-Sourcing: Using an Online Labor Force to Detect Clouds and Cloud Shadows in Landsat Images
Yu, Ling
Ball, Sheryl B.
Blinn, Christine E.
Moeltner, Klaus
Peery, Seth
Thomas, Valerie A.
Wynne, Randolph H.
Agricultural and Applied Economics
Economics
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
cloud interpretation
satellite images
Mechanical Turk
economic experiment
We recruit an online labor force through Amazon.com’s Mechanical Turk platform to identify clouds and cloud shadows in Landsat satellite images. We find that a large group of workers can be mobilized quickly and relatively inexpensively. Our results indicate that workers’ accuracy is insensitive to wage, but deteriorates with the complexity of images and with time-on-task. In most instances, human interpretation of cloud impacted area using a majority rule was more accurate than an automated algorithm (Fmask) commonly used to identify clouds and cloud shadows. However, cirrus-impacted pixels were better identified by Fmask than by human interpreters. Crowd-sourced interpretation of cloud impacted pixels appears to be a promising means by which to augment or potentially validate fully automated algorithms.
2017-09-20T18:21:41Z
2017-09-20T18:21:41Z
2017-09-20T18:21:41Z
2015-02-26
Article - Refereed
Yu, L.; Ball, S.B.; Blinn, C.E.; Moeltner, K.; Peery, S.; Thomas, V.A.; Wynne, R.H. Cloud-Sourcing: Using an Online Labor Force to Detect Clouds and Cloud Shadows in Landsat Images. Remote Sens. 2015, 7, 2334-2351.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79232
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70302334
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1026432023-11-29T12:19:02Zcom_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_24279
Auxiliary information resolution effects on small area estimation in plantation forest inventory
Green, P. Corey
Burkhart, Harold E.
Coulston, John W.
Radtke, Philip J.
Thomas, Valerie A.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
In forest inventory, traditional ground-based resource assessments are often expensive and time-consuming forcing managers to reduce sample sizes to meet budgetary and logistical constraints. Small area estimation (SAE) is a class of statistical estimators that uses a combination of traditional survey data and linearly related auxiliary information to improve estimate precision. These techniques have been shown to improve the precision of stand-level inventory estimates in loblolly pine plantations using lidar height percentiles and thinning status as covariates. In this study, the effects of reduced lidar point-cloud densities and lower digital elevation model (DEM) spatial resolutions were investigated for total planted volume estimates using area-level SAE models. In the managed Piedmont pine plantation conditions evaluated, lower lidar point-cloud densities and DEM spatial resolutions were found to have minimal effects on estimates and precision. The results of this study are promising to those interested in incorporating SAE methods into forest inventory programs.
2021-03-10T13:52:42Z
2021-03-10T13:52:42Z
2021-03-10T13:52:42Z
2020-10
Article - Refereed
0015-752X
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102643
https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpaa012
93
5
1464-3626
en
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Public Domain
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/819322023-11-29T12:19:03Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_78882col_10919_24279
Identifying Forest Impacted by Development in the Commonwealth of Virginia through the Use of Landsat and Known Change Indicators
House, Matthew N.
Wynne, Randolph H.
Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
remote sensing
Landsat
forest loss
LTSS
NDVI
rural development
trajectory
disturbance
forest change attribution
This study examines the effectiveness of using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from 1326 different Landsat Thematic Mapper and Enhanced Thematic Mapper images in finding low density development within the Commonwealth of Virginia’s forests. Individual NDVI images were stacked by year for the years 1995–2011 and the yearly maximum for each pixel was extracted, resulting in a 17-year image stack of all yearly maxima (a 98.7% data reduction). Using location data from housing starts and well permits, known previously forested housing starts were isolated from all other forest disturbance types. Samples from development disturbances and other forest disturbances, as well as from undisturbed forest, were used to derive vegetation index thresholds enabling separation of disturbed forest from undisturbed forest. Disturbances, once identified, could be separated into Development Disturbances and Non-Development Disturbances using a classification tree and only two variables from the Disturbance Detection and Diagnostics (D<sup>3</sup>) algorithm: the maximum NDVI in the available recovery period and the slope between the NDVI value at the time of the disturbance and the maximum NDVI in the available recovery period. Low density development disturbances of previous forest land cover had an F-measure, combining precision and recall into a single class-specific accuracy (β = 1), of 0.663. We compared our results to the NLCD 2001–2011 land cover changes from any forest (classes 41, 42, 43, and 90) to any developed (classes 21, 22, 23, and 24), resulting in an F-measure of 0.00 for the same validation points. Landsat time series stacks thus show promise for identifying even the small changes associated with low density development that have been historically overlooked/underestimated by prior mapping efforts. However, further research is needed to ensure that (1) the approach will work in other forest biomes and (2) enabling detection of these important, but spatially and spectrally subtle, disturbances still ensures accurate detection of other forest disturbances.
2018-01-25T18:05:46Z
2018-01-25T18:05:46Z
2018-01-25T18:05:46Z
2018-01-18
Article - Refereed
House, M.N.; Wynne, R.H. Identifying Forest Impacted by Development in the Commonwealth of Virginia through the Use of Landsat and Known Change Indicators. Remote Sens. 2018, 10, 135.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81932
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10010135
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1151922023-11-29T12:19:04Zcom_10919_23967com_10919_5557col_10919_24279
Readily available resources across sites and genotypes result in greater aboveground growth and reduced fine root production in Pinus taeda
Shively, Timothy J.
Cook, Rachel
Maier, Chris A.
Garcia, Kevin
Albaugh, Timothy J.
Campoe, Otavio
Leggett, Zakiya
Loblolly-pine
leaf-area
annual fertilization
carbon allocation
stemwood growth
turnover rates
plantations
dynamics
biomass
nutrient
Fine roots serve as the primary interface between trees and the soil, and they are dynamic in their response to environmental conditions. Among many functions, they are principle in gathering nutrients and water, and they constitute a major component of the tree. Their overall contribution to soil carbon flux is not well understood, nor is the effect of site and genotype on their dynamics, and these factors are crucial to understanding nutrient cycles and tree growth under variable conditions. This study evaluated how the fine root dynamics of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) might be different between genotypes and on different sites. Three loblolly pine plantations were established, two in 2009 in North Carolina (NC) and Virginia (VA), and one in 2011 in Brazil (BR). Root biomass was estimated with soil cores across the three sites and between two genotypes in 2020. Seasonal and annual fine mot production was measured at the NC and VA sites over the 12th growing season using ingrowth cores. The trees in BR that were two years younger were much larger than those in NC and VA and had more fine root biomass at initial sampling than those in NC, despite similar levels of fertility. Meanwhile, fine mot production rates decreased with higher rates of aboveground productivity across all measured plots in NC and VA. These results indicate that (1) standing fine root biomass may be related to environmental conditions that are not easily manipulated, which could inform modeling of carbon cycles, and (2) in these intensively managed plots, sufficient resources were available to allow for increased aboveground growth despite lower rates of fine mot production, which supports the employment of these intensive silvicultural practices.
2023-05-25T19:07:39Z
2023-05-25T19:07:39Z
2023-05-25T19:07:39Z
2022-10
Article - Refereed
0378-1127
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/115192
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120431
521
1872-7042
en
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Public Domain (U.S.)
Elsevier
qdc///col_10919_24279/100