2024-03-28T18:03:37Zhttps://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/server/oai/requestoai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1077502022-08-01T12:39:26Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_70873col_10919_24309
Can the introduction of companion plants increase biological control services of key pests in organic squash?
Lopez, Lorena
Liburd, Oscar
0501 Ecological Applications
0608 Zoology
0701 Agriculture, Land and Farm Management
Entomology
Florida (USA) is a major producer of squash, Cucurbita pepo L. (Cucurbitaceae), with approximated 16% of the US production in 2019, valued at about 35 million USD. Major insect pests, including the sweetpotato whitefly MEAM1, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), and the melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), jeopardize plant development and transmit viruses of economic importance that can cause up to 50% yield loss in squash crops. Pesticides are generally used for insect management in squash, but the development of insecticide resistance and their non-target effects are major concerns. A combination of non-pesticidal approaches was evaluated, including intercropping flowering plants, augmentation, and conservation biological control to manage key pests in organic squash. Refugia increased natural enemies around the squash; however, only a few beneficial arthropods moved from the companion plants towards the squash plants. Whitefly densities and squash silverleaf ratings were reduced, whereas natural enemies were more abundant when the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae) was released alone or together with sweet alyssum, Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv. (Brassicaceae). All companion plants used in this study increased natural enemies, but only African marigolds and sweet alyssum ultimately increased biological control activities.
2022-01-18T14:54:08Z
2022-01-18T14:54:08Z
2022-01-18T14:54:08Z
2021-07
Article - Refereed
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/107750
Lopez, Lorena [0000-0003-3123-3715]
en
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1073472022-03-13T03:45:19Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_91436com_10919_5532com_10919_24235col_10919_70873col_10919_97229col_10919_24309
Cover crops as a weed seed bank management tool: A soil down review
Sias, Cynthia
Wolters, Bethany
Reiter, Mark S.
Flessner, Michael L.
Loddo, Donato
This review explores ways that cover crops alter soil environmental conditions that can be used to decrease seed survival, maintain weed seed dormancy, and reduce germination cues, thus reducing above ground weed pressures. Cover crops are grown between cash crops in rotation, and their residues persist into subsequent crops, impacting weed seeds both during and after cover crops’ growth. Compared to no cover crop, cover crops may reduce weed seedling recruitment and density via (i) reducing soil temperature and fluctuations thereof, (ii) reducing light availability and altering light quality, and (iii) trapping nitrogen in the cover crop thus making it less soil-available to weeds. Cover crops may provide habitat for above- and below-ground fauna, resulting in increased weed seed predation. The allelopathic nature of some cover crops can also suppress weeds. But not all effects of cover crops discourage weeds, such as potentially increasing soil oxygen. Furthermore, cover crops can reduce soil moisture while actively growing but conserve soil moisture after termination, resulting in time-dependent effects. Similarly, decaying legume cover crops can release nitrogen into the soil, potentially aiding weeds. The multiplicity of cover crop species and mixtures, differing responses between weed species, environmental conditions and other factors hampers uniform recommendations and complicates management for producers. But, cover crops that are managed to maximize biomass, do not increase soil nitrogen, and are terminated at or after cash crop planting will have the greatest potential to attenuate the weed seed bank. There are still many questions to be answered, such as if targeting management efforts at the weed seed bank level is agronomically worthwhile. Future research on cover crops and weed management should include measurements of soil seed banks, including dormancy status, predation levels, and germination.
2022-01-04T15:49:04Z
2022-01-04T15:49:04Z
2022-01-04T15:49:04Z
2021-10
Article - Refereed
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/107347
Reiter, Mark [0000-0002-4891-0746]
Flessner, Michael [0000-0002-2854-008X]
en
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/867932023-06-16T19:48:38Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_70873col_10919_24309
Evaluation of an experimental fungicide for full season disease control on York apple, 2017
Yoder, Keith S.
Cochran, Allen
Royston, William
Kilmer, Scott
Kowalski, Abby
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
2019-01-21T04:40:42Z
2019-01-21T04:40:42Z
2019-01-21T04:40:42Z
2018-05-01
Article - Refereed
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86793
12
Yoder, Keith [0000-0002-8154-9307]
en
https://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/PDMR/reports/2018/PF037.pdf
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1128442022-12-13T08:14:47Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24227com_10919_5532com_10919_102756com_10919_24235col_10919_78882col_10919_24302col_10919_102757col_10919_24309
Water Stress Identification of Winter Wheat Crop with State-of-the-Art AI Techniques and High-Resolution Thermal-RGB Imagery
Chandel, Narendra S.
Rajwade, Yogesh A.
Dubey, Kumkum
Chandel, Abhilash K.
Subeesh, A.
Tiwari, Mukesh K.
Timely crop water stress detection can help precision irrigation management and minimize yield loss. A two-year study was conducted on non-invasive winter wheat water stress monitoring using state-of-the-art computer vision and thermal-RGB imagery inputs. Field treatment plots were irrigated using two irrigation systems (flood and sprinkler) at four rates (100, 75, 50, and 25% of crop evapotranspiration [ET<sub>c</sub>]). A total of 3200 images under different treatments were captured at critical growth stages, that is, 20, 35, 70, 95, and 108 days after sowing using a custom-developed thermal-RGB imaging system. Crop and soil response measurements of canopy temperature (T<sub>c</sub>), relative water content (RWC), soil moisture content (SMC), and relative humidity (RH) were significantly affected by the irrigation treatments showing the lowest T<sub>c</sub> (22.5 ± 2 °C), and highest RWC (90%) and SMC (25.7 ± 2.2%) for 100% ET<sub>c</sub>, and highest T<sub>c</sub> (28 ± 3 °C), and lowest RWC (74%) and SMC (20.5 ± 3.1%) for 25% ET<sub>c</sub>. The RGB and thermal imagery were then used as inputs to feature-extraction-based deep learning models (AlexNet, GoogLeNet, Inception V3, MobileNet V2, ResNet50) while, RWC, SMC, T<sub>c</sub>, and RH were the inputs to function-approximation models (Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Kernel Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Long Short-Term Memory (DL-LSTM)) to classify stressed/non-stressed crops. Among the feature extraction-based models, ResNet50 outperformed other models showing a discriminant accuracy of 96.9% with RGB and 98.4% with thermal imagery inputs. Overall, classification accuracy was higher for thermal imagery compared to RGB imagery inputs. The DL-LSTM had the highest discriminant accuracy of 96.7% and less error among the function approximation-based models for classifying stress/non-stress. The study suggests that computer vision coupled with thermal-RGB imagery can be instrumental in high-throughput mitigation and management of crop water stress.
2022-12-12T13:53:37Z
2022-12-12T13:53:37Z
2022-12-12T13:53:37Z
2022-12-02
Article - Refereed
Chandel, N.S.; Rajwade, Y.A.; Dubey, K.; Chandel, A.K.; Subeesh, A.; Tiwari, M.K. Water Stress Identification of Winter Wheat Crop with State-of-the-Art AI Techniques and High-Resolution Thermal-RGB Imagery. Plants 2022, 11, 3344.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/112844
https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11233344
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1073152022-01-04T08:25:15Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_91436com_10919_5532com_10919_24235col_10919_70873col_10919_97229col_10919_24309
Proof of Concept for Shoot Blight and Fire Blight Canker Management with Postinfection Spray Applications of Prohexadione-Calcium and Acibenzolar-<i>S</i>-Methyl in Apple
Aćimović, Srđan G.
Meredith, Christopher L.
Santander, Ricardo Delgado
Khodadadi, Fatemeh
Erwinia amylovora
acibenzolar-S-methyl
fire blight
post-infection control
prohexadione-calcium
rescue treatment
shoot blight
0605 Microbiology
0607 Plant Biology
0703 Crop and Pasture Production
Plant Biology & Botany
To reduce the severity of shoot blight and prevent the resulting development of cankers on perennial apple wood, we evaluated eight fire blight postinfection spray programs of prohexadione-calcium (PCA) alone or with acibenzolar-<i>S</i>-methyl (ASM) over 2 years. On mature trees of cultivar Royal Court, a single application of the high PCA rate (247 mg/liter) at 2 to 3 days after inoculation resulted in 89.5 and 69.5% reduction of shoot blight severity after inoculation. Two applications of PCA 247 mg/liter 12 or 14 days apart, with the first one applied 2 to 3 days after inoculation, resulted in 78.8 and 74.5% reduction of shoot blight severity in both years. A 100% control of canker incidence on perennial wood from infected shoots in both years was achieved with a single application of PCA (247 mg/liter) applied at 2 or 3 days after the inoculation, and three applications of PCA (125 mg/liter) + ASM (25 mg/liter) 12 to 16 days apart reduced canker incidence by 83.5 and 69% in the 2 years. The other programs with lower PCA rates and frequencies of application reduced shoot blight severity 50.8 and 51.8% (PCA) and 62.6 to 72% and 59.3% (PCA + ASM) over 2 years, respectively. Reduction of canker incidence on wood by the other programs was 66.5% and 69 to 90.4% in the two years, respectively. As fire blight cankers lead to death of dwarf apple trees and serve as primary sources of inoculum, our effective PCA and PCA + ASM programs could serve as viable postinfection management options. These treatments can reduce or prevent canker development and thus significantly abate tree losses in high-density apple orchards after fire blight epidemics occur.
2022-01-03T18:07:52Z
2022-01-03T18:07:52Z
2022-01-03T18:07:52Z
2021-12-03
Article - Refereed
0191-2917
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/107315
https://doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-20-1744-re
Acimovic, Srdan [0000-0002-0710-2339]
34232052
1943-7692
en
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34232052
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
Scientific Societies
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1127942022-12-06T08:13:13Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_18629col_10919_24309
Legacy effects of fumigation on soil bacterial and fungal communities and their response to metam sodium application
Li, Xiaoping
Skillman, Victoria
Dung, Jeremiah
Frost, Kenneth
Background
Soil microorganisms are integral to maintaining soil health and crop productivity, but fumigation used to suppress soilborne diseases may affect soil microbiota. Currently, little is known about the legacy effects of soil fumigation on soil microbial communities and their response to fumigation at the production scale. Here, 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer amplicon sequencing was used to characterize the bacterial and fungal communities in soils from intensively managed crop fields with and without previous exposure to metam sodium (MS) fumigation. The effect of fumigation history, soil series, and rotation crop diversity on microbial community variation was estimated and the response of the soil microbiome to MS application in an open microcosm system was documented.
Results
We found that previous MS fumigation reduced soil bacterial diversity but did not affect microbial richness and fungal diversity. Fumigation history, soil series, and rotation crop diversity were the main contributors to the variation in microbial β-diversity. Between fumigated and non-fumigated soils, predominant bacterial and fungal taxa were similar; however, their relative abundance varied with fumigation history. In particular, the abundance of Basidiomycete yeasts was decreased in fumigated soils. MS fumigation also altered soil bacterial and fungal co-occurrence network structure and associations. In microcosms, application of MS reduced soil microbial richness and bacterial diversity. Soil microbial β-diversity was also affected but microbial communities of the microcosm soils were always similar to that of the field soils used to establish the microcosms. MS application also induced changes in relative abundance of several predominant bacterial and fungal genera based on a soil’s previous fumigation exposure.
Conclusions
The legacy effects of MS fumigation are more pronounced on soil bacterial diversity, β-diversity and networks. Repeated fumigant applications shift soil microbial compositions and may contribute to differential MS sensitivity among soil microorganisms. Following MS application, microbial richness and bacterial diversity decreases, but microbial β-diversity was similar to that of the field soils used to establish the microcosms in the short-term (< 6 weeks). The responses of soil microbiome to MS fumigation are context dependent and rely on abiotic, biotic, and agricultural management practices.
2022-12-05T13:05:26Z
2022-12-05T13:05:26Z
2022-12-05T13:05:26Z
2022-12-03
Article - Refereed
Environmental Microbiome. 2022 Dec 03;17(1):59
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/112794
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40793-022-00454-w
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Author(s)
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/954662020-10-12T19:11:38Zcom_10919_24230com_10919_5532com_10919_24235col_10919_24305col_10919_24309
Toxicity and field efficacy of four neonicotinoids on harlequin bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
Wallingford, Anna K.
Kuhar, Thomas P.
Schultz, Peter B.
Entomology
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
Murgantia histrionica
imidacloprid
thiamethoxam
dinotefuran
clothianidin
Harlequin bug, Murgantia histrionica (Hahn), is a pest of cole crops in the USA. Laboratory toxicity assays revealed that the neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, dinotefuran, and clothianidin are toxic to harlequin bug nymphs; LC50 = 0.57, 0.52, 0.39, and 0.39 ppm, respectively. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of these insecticides over time when applied as a one-time soil drench. Each of the 4 neonicotinoids provided significant control of harlequin bug for at least 14 d after application.
2019-11-08T19:14:48Z
2019-11-08T19:14:48Z
2019-11-08T19:14:48Z
2012-12
Article - Refereed
0015-4040
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/95466
https://doi.org/10.1653/024.095.0442
95
4
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported
Florida Entomological Society
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/515052023-06-16T19:48:37Zcom_10919_5532com_10919_24235col_10919_51287col_10919_24309
Evaluation of commercial floating treatment wetland technologies for nutrient remediation of stormwater
Lynch, Jeanette
Fox, Laurie J.
Owen, James S. Jr.
Sample, David J.
Hampton Roads AREC
Fox, Laurie J.
Daniels, W. Lee
Owen, James S. Jr.
Sample, David J.
Floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) are a relatively new water treatment practice that consists of emergent wetland plants planted on floating mats constructed of buoyant material. This study utilized batch-fed mesocosms, with a seven-day retention time, to investigate the total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) remediation capability of two commercially available FTW technologies using runoff from a combined irrigation holding and stormwater retention pond. Nutrients in the pond water are attributed to runoff from nearby fertilized research plots upgradient. The FTW technologies included Beemats (Beemats LLC, New Smyrna Beach, FL, USA) and BioHaven® floating islands (Floating Island International, Inc. Shepard, MT, USA) planted with Juncus effusus (soft rush). Due to an increase in TN and TP in the initial phase of the experiment during the plant establishment phase (weeks 1–8), BioHaven®nutrient removal was lower over the entire experimental period than the Beemat treatment. Differences between the two treatments, such as mat material or substrate materials and/or additives may account for this difference. The BioHaven® FTW removed 25% and 4%, while the Beemat removed 40% and 48% of the TN and TP, respectively expressed in terms of net removal over the entire study. During the plant growth season (weeks 9–18 of the study), the two technologies showed similar nutrient removal rates: for TN:0.026 ± 0.0032 and 0.025 ± 0.0018, and for TP:0.0074 ± 0.00049 and 0.0076 ± 0.00065 g/m2/day for Beemat and Biohaven®, respectively. A control treatment, meant to reflect nutrient removal within the pond without the presence of plants, yielded 28% and 31% removal of TN and TP, respectively. Thus, the Beemat mat yielded a significant positive net removal of TN and TP. The BioHaven® biomass was significantly greater than the Beemat treatment. Both treatments showed greater biomass accumulation in shoots rather than in roots. Plant nutrient content was similar between the two treatments.
2015-02-18T19:36:24Z
2015-02-18T19:36:24Z
2015-02-18T19:36:24Z
2013-12
Article - Refereed
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51505
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925857414005722
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.11.001
en
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
Elsevier
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/998302023-06-16T13:00:21Zcom_10919_91436com_10919_5532com_10919_24235col_10919_97229col_10919_24309
Registration of three soft red winter wheat germplasm lines with exceptional milling and cookie baking performance
Meier, Nicholas A.
Malla, Subas
Oakes, Joseph C.
Murphy, Joseph Paul
Baik, Byung-Kee
Chao, Shiaoman
Griffey, Carl A.
The release of soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) germplasm lines VA11DH‐P46xTrib‐28 (Reg. no. GP‐1048, PI 691656), VA11DH‐P46xTrib‐99 (Reg. no. GP‐1049, PI 691657), and VA11DH‐P46xTrib‐103 (Reg. no. GP‐1050, PI 691658) is intended to provide breeders with genetic material having exceptional milling and baking quality performance. The quantitative nature of milling and baking performance makes improvement and early generation selection difficult. Marker assisted and genomic selection breeding schemes can be improved by introducing breeding material with superior end‐use quality and use of known predictive DNA markers. These three lines have acceptable agronomic performance with grain yields (4605–5733 kg ha−1) similar to or higher than those of Pioneer ‘26R46’ (4568 kg ha−1). The lines have exceptional milling and baking performance with mean flour yields (733–736 g kg−1), softness equivalence (550–573 g kg−1), flour protein (89–94 g kg−1), solvent retention capacity for lactic acid (1162–1189 g kg−1) and sodium carbonate (672–697 g kg−1), and cookie diameters (19.1–19.5 cm) that are better than or similar to (p < .05) those of Pioneer 26R46 (721 g kg−1, 531 g kg−1, 93 g kg−1, 1221 g kg−1, 703 g kg−1, and 18.9 cm).
2020-08-24T12:29:08Z
2020-08-24T12:29:08Z
2020-08-24T12:29:08Z
2020-08-21
Article - Refereed
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99830
https://doi.org/10.1002/plr2.20055
en
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication
Wiley
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/895622020-10-12T19:11:45Zcom_10919_24230com_10919_5532com_10919_24235col_10919_24305col_10919_24309
Harlequin Bug Biology and Pest Management in Brassicaceous Crops
Wallingford, A. K.
Kuhar, Thomas P.
Schultz, P. B.
Freeman, J. H.
Entomology
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
Murgantia histrionica
harlequin bug
cole crops
trap cropping
Harlequin bug, Murgantia histrionica (Hahn), is a piercing-sucking pest of brassicaceous crops, particularly in the southern United States. The pest typically completes two to four generations per year, and overwinters as an adult in debris and weeds. Both adults and nymphs feed on aboveground plant tissues, leaving white blotches on leaves. Under heavy feeding pressure, plants can wilt and die. Chemical insecticides such as pyrethroids, organophosphates, carbamates, and neonicotinoids have been used for effective control of harlequin bug adults and nymphs. However, there is potential for cultural control of this pest using trap cropping. This paper reviews the biology and management of harlequin bug.
2019-05-17T15:36:29Z
2019-05-17T15:36:29Z
2019-05-17T15:36:29Z
2011-04-01
Article - Refereed
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/89562
https://doi.org/10.1603/IPM10015
2
1
2155-7470
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Entomological Society of America
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1076842022-01-18T18:54:27Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_5523com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_70873col_10919_5548col_10919_24309
Fungicide Spray Guidelines for Non-bearing Vineyards
Nita, Mizuho
2022-01-16T20:03:37Z
2022-01-16T20:03:37Z
2022-01-16T20:03:37Z
2021
Extension publication
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/107684
Nita, Mizuho [0000-0003-4171-060X]
en
SPES-315
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
Virginia Cooperative Extension
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1073512022-01-05T08:11:47Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_70873col_10919_24309
Innate response of Rainbow trout gill epithelial (RTgill-W1) cell line to ultraviolet-inactivated VHSV and FliC and rhabdovirus infection
Sherif, Sherif M.
Gills reportedly play a crucial role in induction of an antiviral immune response in fish. We investigated the expression of innate response genes in the rainbow trout gill epithelial cell line RTgill-W1 36 h after pretreatment with ultraviolet-inactivated viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (UV-VHSV), flagellin C protein from Edwardsiella tarda (FliC), VHSV and SVCV using an Agilent 4 × 44k cGRASP salmonid microarray. RTgill-W1 cells pretreated with UV-VHSV, triggered an independent gene expression profile from those treated with a recombinant flagellin C protein from Edwardsiella tarda. In addition, exposure of RTgill-W1 cells to live viruses spring viremia of carp virus and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus induced a less robust transcriptional change of 24 and 22 gene probes, respectively, when compared to 123 genes for UV-VHSV. Further the pretreatment of RTgill-W1 cells with (UV-VHSV) significantly reduced VHSV genome copy number at 6 d post infection (dpi) relative to the FliCtreated and untreated control. A quantitative PCR was used to study the transcriptional modulation of a set of 25 innate immune-related genes highlighted by the microarray data and a panel of 7 established antiviral genes in the protected cells. Notably, the expression of ifn1, ifn2, mx1 and mx3 were expressed more in untreated cells than in UV-VHSV-treated cells where virus replication was inhibited. The results from this study shed light on the mechanisms and pathways used by teleost gill epithelium innate immunity in combating viral and bacterial infection.
2022-01-04T18:06:07Z
2022-01-04T18:06:07Z
2022-01-04T18:06:07Z
2021-10-12
Article - Refereed
2667-0119
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/107351
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsirep.2021.100043
3
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International
Elsevier
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1046072021-10-08T16:43:28Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_91436com_10919_5532com_10919_24235col_10919_78882col_10919_97229col_10919_24309
Rootstocks Overexpressing StNPR1 and StDREB1 Improve Osmotic Stress Tolerance of Wild-Type Scion in Transgrafted Tobacco Plants
Hezema, Yasmine S.
Shukla, Mukund R.
Goel, Alok
Ayyanath, Murali M.
Sherif, Sherif M.
Saxena, Praveen K.
Alson H. Smith Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center
School of Plant and Environmental Sciences
transgrafting
mRNA transport
osmotic stress
ABA
StNPR1
StDREB1
ORGs
ROS
In grafted plants, the movement of long-distance signals from rootstocks can modulate the development and function of the scion. To understand the mechanisms by which tolerant rootstocks improve scion responses to osmotic stress (OS) conditions, mRNA transport of osmotic responsive genes (ORGs) was evaluated in a tomato/potato heterograft system. In this system, <i>Solanum tuberosum</i> was used as a rootstock and <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> as a scion. We detected changes in the gene expression levels of 13 out of the 21 ORGs tested in the osmotically stressed plants; of these, only <i>NPR1</i> transcripts were transported across the graft union under both normal and OS conditions. Importantly, OS increased the abundance of <i>St</i><i>NPR1</i> transcripts in the tomato scion. To examine mRNA mobility in transgrafted plants, <i>StNPR1</i> and <i>StDREB1</i> genes representing the mobile and non-mobile transcripts, respectively, were overexpressed in tobacco (<i>Nicotiana tabacum</i>). The evaluation of transgenic tobacco plants indicated that overexpression of these genes enhanced the growth and improved the physiological status of transgenic plants growing under OS conditions induced by NaCl, mannitol and polyethylene glycol (PEG). We also found that transgenic tobacco rootstocks increased the OS tolerance of the WT-scion. Indeed, WT scions on transgenic rootstocks had higher ORGs transcript levels than their counterparts on non-transgenic rootstocks. However, neither <i>StNPR1</i> nor <i>StDREB1</i> transcripts were transported from the transgenic rootstock to the wild-type (WT) tobacco scion, suggesting that other long-distance signals downstream these transgenes could have moved across the graft union leading to OS tolerance. Overall, our results signify the importance of <i>StNPR1</i> and <i>StDREB1</i> as two anticipated candidates for the development of stress-resilient crops through transgrafting technology.
2021-08-09T16:53:35Z
2021-08-09T16:53:35Z
2021-08-09T16:53:35Z
2021-08-05
Article - Refereed
Hezema, Y.S.; Shukla, M.R.; Goel, A.; Ayyanath, M.M.; Sherif, S.M.; Saxena, P.K. Rootstocks Overexpressing StNPR1 and StDREB1 Improve Osmotic Stress Tolerance of Wild-Type Scion in Transgrafted Tobacco Plants. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 8398.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104607
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168398
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/974902022-03-20T20:22:47Zcom_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_24309
Characterizing spring emergence of adult Halyomorpha halys using experimental overwintering shelters and commercial pheromone traps
Bergh, J. Christopher
Morrison, William R. III
Joseph, Shimat V.
Leskey, Tracy C.
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
brown marmorated stink bug
Hemiptera
life cycle
Pentatomidae
trapping
To improve our understanding of adult Halyomorpha halys (Stal) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) overwintering biology and to better inform models of its population dynamics, its temporal pattern of spring emergence was investigated using experimental overwintering shelters in screened cages within protective structures. In 2012, plastic shelters containing 100 adults were deployed in unheated, unlighted buildings, and adjacent woodlots in Virginia, USA. In 2013 and 2014, wooden shelters containing 300 paint-marked adults were deployed in pairs in six woodlots across Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland, USA; one in a closed cage and one in a cage with the top removed, enabling emerged adults to be counted or to disperse, respectively. In 2013 and 2014, pheromone-baited and non-baited pyramid traps encircled the shelters at each site. Regular counts of adults that emerged into the closed cage and of marked and wild' (unmarked) adults captured in traps were conducted from February or March through early July. In 2012, emergence patterns from shelters in buildings and woodlots were very similar and matched those recorded from woodlots in 2013 and 2014. In all years, a small peak of emergence occurred in about mid-April, a larger and more prolonged peak was observed between mid-May and early June, and emergence ended by early July. Of the 449 H.halys adults captured in traps between 2013 and 2014, only three were marked individuals from shelters in the open cage, suggesting that adults emerging from overwintering sites may require a dispersal flight before responding to pheromone-baited traps. In 2013 and 2014, respectively, 98 and 93% of captures were in pheromone-baited traps, but there was no correlation between the weekly number of adults that emerged from shelters in the closed cages and captures in traps.
2020-03-26T13:00:34Z
2020-03-26T13:00:34Z
2020-03-26T13:00:34Z
2017-03
Article - Refereed
0013-8703
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97490
https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.12539
162
3
1570-7458
en
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
CC0 1.0 Universal
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/964802024-03-14T14:46:16Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24231com_10919_5532com_10919_24235col_10919_70873col_10919_24306col_10919_24309
Best Practices for Growing, Harvesting, and Handling Produce in the Field and the Packinghouse: A Training Guide
Harrison, J.
Woods, K.
Boyer, Renee R.
Wszelaki, A.
Villalba, Abigail
Brown, M.
Beltran, I.
Harrison, M.
Mejores Prácticas de Cultivo, Cosecha y Manejo de Productos Agrícolas en el Campo y en la Empacadora: Guía de Entrenamiento
2020-01-16T20:27:05Z
2020-01-16T20:27:05Z
2020-01-16T20:27:05Z
2019-05
Extension publication
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/96480
Villalba, Abigail [0000-0002-1419-4702]
en
es
Extension Publication; Bulletin 1515
https://secure.caes.uga.edu/extension/publications/files/pdf/B%201515_1.PDF
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1065502022-03-20T19:41:37Zcom_10919_24222com_10919_5532com_10919_24235col_10919_24298col_10919_24309
Farm-Level Cost Drivers of Salmonid Fish Health Inspections
Engle, Carole
van Senten, Jonathan
Schwarz, Michael H.
Hartman, Kathleen
Gustafson, Lori
Johnson, Kamina
Creekmore, Lynn
Regulatory costs on aquaculture farms have been shown to be of a magnitude that warrants additional analysis. The drivers of farm-level costs of fish health inspections were identified in this study from national survey data on U.S. salmonid farms. The greatest costs identified were related primarily to state fish health requirements for inspection and testing to certify that fish are free of specific pathogens prior to approval of necessary permits to sell and/or transport animals. Fish health inspection costs included laboratory testing, farm personnel time, veterinary fees, and shipping samples to laboratories, with laboratory testing and the value of farm personnel time being the most expensive components. Principal cost drivers were the number of tests and whether required sampling was farmwide or for each lot as identified by the collector. Farmers who primarily sold into recreational markets had greater fish health costs than farmers who primarily sold food fish because of the greater numbers of species and size-/age-classes of salmonids on their farms. Regulatory requirements to test all species and size-/age-classes on farms increased inspection costs by increasing the total number of tests, the total value of fish sacrificed, and shipping costs. Consequently, for farms with more than one species or more than one size-/age-class, annual farm-level testing was less costly than annual lot-based testing. Increased numbers of tests in a given year, although reported by only a few respondents, can increase costs dramatically and turn profitable farms unprofitable, even food fish farms. Smaller salmonid farms experienced disproportionately greater inspection cost burdens than did larger farms. The fish health inspection scenario of only one annual inspection of only the most susceptible species and size-/age-class showed a cost burden that did not generate economic distress, even on smaller salmonid farms. Other scenarios modeled (based on survey data) that included lot-based surveys of multiple species and size-/age-classes resulted in substantially greater fish health inspection costs that led to unprofitability for various farm sizes and business types. Study results suggest that implementing Comprehensive Aquaculture Health Program Standards might allow for risk- and pathogen-based reductions in the total number of inspections and fish sampled while maintaining equivalent or greater health status compared to current methods. American Fisheries Society-Fish Health Section Blue Book inspection methods are interpreted and applied inconsistently across states and generally yield lot- rather than farm-level health attestations because the history of testing results, risk assessment, and biosecurity practices are not typically taken into account. The cost effects of alternative fish health sampling and testing requirements should be considered in decisions and policy on fish health regulation.
2021-11-08T19:34:57Z
2021-11-08T19:34:57Z
2021-11-08T19:34:57Z
2021-10-22
Article - Refereed
0899-7659
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/106550
https://doi.org/10.1002/aah.10139
34687087
1548-8667
en
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Public Domain (U.S.)
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/919222023-06-16T19:48:39Zcom_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_24309
Refining the Genomic Region Containing a Major Locus Controlling Fruit Maturity in Peach
Elsadr, H.
Sherif, Sherif M.
Banks, T.
Somers, D.
Jayasankar, S.
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
traits
heritability
association
genes
Maturity date (MD), defined as the duration between the first calendar day of the year and maturity, and fruit development period (FDP), defined as the duration between full bloom and maturity, are highly variable in peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]. There is a need to discover molecular markers associated with these traits in order to enhance the efficiency and reliability of breeding for extending the harvest season in peach. An association mapping population consisting of 132 peach accessions was phenotypically evaluated for MD and FDP, and genotypically characterized using the genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach. The phenotypic and genotypic data collected were used to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS). The GWAS identified three SNPs on chromosome 4 that are significantly associated with both FDP and MD. These three SNPs covered a region of 43,067 bp; we referred to this region as the MD/FDP locus. Seven genes were identified in the MD/FDP locus. One or more of these genes is believed to regulate some aspect of maturity in peach. The data reported here is expected to aid in marker-assisted seedling selection (MASS) targeted towards widening peach germplasm for maturity, particularly early maturity.
2019-07-23T16:50:04Z
2019-07-23T16:50:04Z
2019-07-23T16:50:04Z
2019-05-17
Article - Refereed
2045-2322
7522
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91922
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44042-4
9
31101872
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Springer Nature
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/972232021-05-04T14:20:14Zcom_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_24309
Presence of the invasive brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on home exteriors during the autumn dispersal period: Results generated by citizen scientists
Hancock, Torri J.
Lee, Doo-Hyung
Bergh, J. Christopher
Morrison, William R. III
Leskey, Tracy C.
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
Brown marmorated stink bug
citizen science
nuisance pest
overwintering
The invasive brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys (Stål) is a serious nuisance pest in buildings. To address how H. halys select potential overwintering sites and to predict the risk of home invasion, citizen scientists, primarily from the Mid-Atlantic region of the U.S.A., were recruited to count the number of H. halys present on the exterior of their homes during the autumn dispersal periods in 2013 and 2014. Volunteers provided daily count data on numbers present on each exterior aspect of the home during the peak dispersal, as well as their home's location, colour and structural material. Among volunteers, fewer adults were counted on white homes compared with brown and tan homes in 2013 and with grey homes in both years. Across all homes, greatest numbers were counted on the north and east walls in both years and on homes with wood, cement or stone exteriors. In addition, significantly more adults were counted on homes in rural landscapes compared with urban areas in both years. Halyomorpha halys were found in greater numbers on darker coloured homes made of natural materials, even though these were less common than other types in the landscape. Thus, homes located in rural landscapes with these features could be prone to larger nuisance infestations of overwintering H. halys.
2020-03-06T13:58:08Z
2020-03-06T13:58:08Z
2020-03-06T13:58:08Z
2019-02
Article - Refereed
1461-9555
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97223
https://doi.org/10.1111/afe.12312
21
1
1461-9563
en
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
CC0 1.0 Universal
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1121512022-10-14T07:14:59Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_78882col_10919_24309
Resilience of Communities and Sustainable Aquaculture: Governance and Regulatory Effects
Engle, Carole R.
van Senten, Jonathan
One of the key underlying principles of sustainable food and agriculture systems is to enhance the resilience of people, communities, and ecosystems. This paper discusses broadly the intersection of community resiliency and sustainability of our food system through the lens of positive and negative contributions of aquaculture within the context of the underlying environmental, economic, social, and governance dimensions. Aquaculture has been part of the food supply system for humans for millennia, and its contributions to the resiliency of communities and to sustainability is critical to meet the nutritional, economic, and ecological challenges of the world. Aquaculture, as any human endeavor, can result in negative impacts on the environment, economy, social structure, and resilience of communities. Recent work has reported continued progress in the sustainability of aquaculture and dispelled myths that have proliferated in public media. As a result, aquaculture is increasingly viewed as a potential solution to global challenges of supplying a sustainably raised protein source, complementing fishing and other activities in communities, improving water quality, and responding to climate change, among others. Communities face ever more complex pressures that affect their resiliency when confronted with an array of environmental, social, and economic challenges. Whether aquaculture enhances or decreases the resilience of communities depends largely on the regulatory framework and associated public governance policies at local, state/provincial and national levels. In locales where aquaculture is under-regulated, communities can be affected negatively from resulting environmental, economic, and social problems. Over-regulation of aquaculture can stifle aquaculture activities that enhance ecosystem services and provide social and economic benefits. Greater attention is needed to aquaculture governance and regulatory processes to ensure that rulemaking, implementation, and enforcement provide adequate oversight, but avoid unintended negative consequences to the environment, social networks, and local economies. Participatory approaches that entail effective engagement among regulatory agency staff, aquaculture producers, local citizens, and other stakeholders are more effective than command-and-control regulatory approaches. Aquaculture, when practiced responsibly and sustainably by farmers and when appropriate science-based regulations are implemented rationally and efficiently, can enhance the resiliency of communities.
2022-10-13T16:44:41Z
2022-10-13T16:44:41Z
2022-10-13T16:44:41Z
2022-10-01
Article - Refereed
Engle, C.R.; van Senten, J. Resilience of Communities and Sustainable Aquaculture: Governance and Regulatory Effects. Fishes 2022, 7, 268.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/112151
https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes7050268
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1131842023-02-08T14:11:36Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_70873col_10919_24309
Economic contributions of the Virginia seafood industry
Gonçalves, Fernando Henrique
van Senten, Jonathan
Schwarz, Michael
Hegde, Shraddha
The economic benefits of the seafood supply chain to the overall state economy demonstrate the magnitude and reach of the Virginia seafood industry. Watermen, aquaculture farmers, processors, and distributors sustain jobs and support other economic sectors operating within and beyond our Commonwealth that amplify their contribution to our economy. This study measured the combined impact of the different levels of the seafood supply chain on the Virginia Commonwealth’s economy.
2023-01-17T13:00:30Z
2023-01-17T13:00:30Z
2023-01-17T13:00:30Z
2022-11-04
Report
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/113184
Goncalves, Fernando Henrique A [0000-0002-3555-3014]
en
https://www.pubs.ext.vt.edu/content/pubs_ext_vt_edu/en/AAEC/aaec-301/aaec-301.html
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
Virginia
United States
Virginia Cooperative Extension
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1050652021-11-01T13:50:54Zcom_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24231com_10919_5532com_10919_24235col_10919_78630col_10919_78882col_10919_24306col_10919_24309
The Effect Ultrasound and Surfactants on Nanobubbles Efficacy against Listeria innocua and Escherichia coli O157:H7, in Cell Suspension and on Fresh Produce Surfaces
Rafeeq, Shamil
Ovissipour, Mahmoudreza
Virginia Seafood Agricultural Research and Extension Center
Food Science and Technology
Removing foodborne pathogens from food surfaces and inactivating them in wash water are critical steps for reducing the number of foodborne illnesses. In this study we evaluated the impact of surfactants on enhancing nanobubbles’ efficacy on <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7, and <i>Listeria innocua</i> removal from spinach leaves. We evaluated the synergistic impact of nanobubbles and ultrasound on these two pathogens inactivation in the cell suspension. The results indicated that nanobubbles or ultrasound alone could not significantly reduce bacteria in cell suspension after 15 min. However, a combination of nanobubbles and ultrasonication caused more than 6 log cfu/mL reduction after 15 min, and 7 log cfu/mL reduction after 10 min of <i>L. innocua</i> and <i>E. coli</i>, respectively. Nanobubbles also enhanced bacterial removal from spinach surface in combination with ultrasonication. Nanobubbles with ultrasound removed more than 2 and 4 log cfu/cm<sup>2</sup> of <i>L. innocua</i> and <i>E. coli</i>, respectively, while ultrasound alone caused 0.5 and 1 log cfu/cm<sup>2</sup> of <i>L. innocua</i> and <i>E. coli</i> reduction, respectively. No reduction was observed in the solutions with PBS and nanobubbles. Adding food-grade surfactants (0.1% Sodium dodecyl sulfate-SDS, and 0.1% Tween 20), did not significantly enhance nanobubbles efficacy on bacterial removal from spinach surface.
2021-09-27T12:24:06Z
2021-09-27T12:24:06Z
2021-09-27T12:24:06Z
2021-09-12
Article - Refereed
Rafeeq, S.; Ovissipour, R. The Effect Ultrasound and Surfactants on Nanobubbles Efficacy against Listeria innocua and Escherichia coli O157:H7, in Cell Suspension and on Fresh Produce Surfaces. Foods 2021, 10, 2154.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/105065
https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10092154
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/982362022-03-20T20:22:47Zcom_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_24309
Genotypic Variation in Resistance Gene-Mediated Calcium Signaling and Hormonal Signaling Involved in Effector-Triggered Immunity or Disease Susceptibility in the Xanthomonas campestris pv. Campestris-Brassica napus Pathosystem
Al Mamun, Md
Islam, Md Tabibul
Lee, Bok-Rye
La, Van Hien
Bae, Dong-Won
Kim, Tae-Hwan
jasmonic acid
salicylic acid
ZAR1
TAO1
Xanthomonas campestris pv
campestris
To characterize cultivar variation in resistance gene (R-gene)-mediated calcium signaling and hormonal regulation in effector-triggered immunity (ETI) and disease susceptibility, Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) was inoculated in two Brassica napus cultivars (cvs. Capitol and Mosa). At 14 days post inoculation (DPI) with Xcc, there was a necrotic lesion in cv. Mosa along with the significant accumulation of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA), whereas no visual symptom was observed in cv. Capitol. The cultivar variations in the R-gene expressions were found in response to Xcc. ZAR1 is a coiled-coil-nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat (CC-NB-LRR)-type R-gene that is significantly induced in cv. Capitol, whereas toll/interleukin-1 receptor-nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat (TIR-NB-LRR)-type R-gene, TAO1, is significantly upregulated in cv. Mosa Xcc-inoculated plants. The defense-related gene's non-race-specific disease resistance 1 (NDR1) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (MAPK6) were enhanced, whereas calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK5) and calcium-sensing protein 60g (CBP60g) were depressed in cv. Capitol Xcc inoculated plants, and opposite results were found in cv. Mosa. The calcium-sensing receptor (CAS), calmodulin (CaM), expression was induced in both the cultivars. However, the CAS induction rate was much higher in cv. Mosa than in cv. Capitol in response to Xcc. The phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) levels were significantly higher in cv. Capitol along with the enhanced SA receptors (NPR3 and NPR4) and JA synthesis and signaling-related gene expression (LOX2, PDF1.2), whereas the JA level was significantly lower in cv. Mosa Xcc inoculated plants. The SA synthesis and signaling-related genes (ICS1, NPR1) and SA were present at higher levels in cv. Mosa; additionally, the SA level present was much higher in the susceptible cultivar (cv. Mosa) than in the resistant cultivar (cv. Capitol) in response to Xcc. These results indicate that ZAR1 mediated the coordinated action of SA and JA synthesis and signaling to confirm ETI, whereas TAO1 enhanced the synthesis of SA through CAS and CBP60g to antagonize JA synthesis and signaling to cause disease susceptibility in the Brassica napus-Xcc pathosystem.
2020-05-13T13:29:09Z
2020-05-13T13:29:09Z
2020-05-13T13:29:09Z
2020-03
Article - Refereed
303
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/98236
https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9030303
9
3
32121557
2223-7747
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1137772023-02-11T08:11:52Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24227com_10919_5532com_10919_102756com_10919_24235col_10919_78882col_10919_24302col_10919_102757col_10919_24309
Workload Assessment of Tractor Operations with Ergonomic Transducers and Machine Learning Techniques
Hota, Smrutilipi
Tewari, V. K.
Chandel, Abhilash K.
Dynamic muscular workload assessments of tractor operators are rarely studied or documented, which is critical to improving their performance efficiency and safety. A study was conducted to assess and model dynamic load on muscles, physiological variations, and discomfort of the tractor operators arriving from the repeated clutch and brake operations using wearable non-invasive ergonomic transducers and data-run techniques. Nineteen licensed tractor operators operated three different tractor types of varying power ranges at three operating speeds (4–5 km/h), and on two common operating surfaces (tarmacadam and farm roads). During these operations, ergonomic transducers were utilized to capture the load on foot muscles (gastrocnemius right [GR] and soleus right [SR] for brake operation and gastrocnemius left [GL], and soleus left [SL] for clutch operation) using electromyography (EMG). Forces exerted by the feet during brake and clutch operations were measured using a custom-developed foot transducer. During the process, heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption rates (OCR) were also measured using HR monitor and K4b2 systems, and energy expenditure rate (EER) was determined using empirical equation. Post-tractor operation cycle, an overall discomfort rating (ODR) for that operation was manually recorded on a 10-point psychophysical scale. EMG-based maximum volumetric contraction (%MVC) measurements revealed higher strain on GR (%MVC = 43%), GL (%MVC = 38%), and SR (%MVC = 41%) muscles which in normal conditions should be below 30%. The clutch and brake actuation forces were recorded in the ranges of 90–312 N and 105–332 N, respectively and were significantly affected by the operating speed, tractor type, and operating surface (<i>p</i> < 0.05). EERs of the operators were measured in the moderate-heavy to heavy ranges (9–24 kJ/min) during the course of trials, suggesting the need to refine existing clutch and brake system designs. Average operator ODR responses indicated 7.8% operations in light, 48.5% in light-moderate, 25.2% in moderate, 10.7% in moderate-high, and 4.9% operations in high discomfort categories. When evaluated for the possibility of minimizing the number of transducers for physical workload assessment, EER showed moderate-high correlations with the EMG signals (<b><i>r</i></b><sub>GR</sub> = 0.78, <b><i>r</i></b><sub>GL</sub> = 0.75, <b><i>r</i></b><sub>SR</sub> = 0.68, <b><i>r</i></b><sub>SL</sub> = 0.66). Similarly, actuation forces had higher correlations with EMG signals for all the selected muscles (<b><i>r</i></b> = 0.70–0.87), suggesting the use of simpler transducers for effective operator workload assessment. As a means to minimize subjectivity in ODR responses, machine learning algorithms, including K-nearest neighbor (KNN), random forest classifier (RFC), and support vector machine (SVM), predicted the ODR using body mass index (BMI), HR, EER, and EMG at high accuracies of 87–97%, with RFC being the most accurate. Such high-throughput and data-run ergonomic evaluations can be instrumental in reconsidering workplace designs and better fits for end-users in terms of agricultural tractors and machinery systems.
2023-02-10T14:44:24Z
2023-02-10T14:44:24Z
2023-02-10T14:44:24Z
2023-01-27
Article - Refereed
Hota, S.; Tewari, V.K.; Chandel, A.K. Workload Assessment of Tractor Operations with Ergonomic Transducers and Machine Learning Techniques. Sensors 2023, 23, 1408.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/113777
https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031408
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1069822023-06-16T19:48:37Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_70873col_10919_24309
Avaliação do potencial do mercado consumidor de lambari da Baixada Santista
Gonçalves, Fernando Henrique A.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial do mercado consumidor de lambari na Baixada Santista. Foram feitas entrevistas por meio de questionários específicos, aplicados entre atacadistas do CEAGESP, localizado na capital paulista, e varejistas que comercializam pescado na Baixada Santista. Além disso, foram realizados testes de aceitação do lambari com consumidores finais em um quiosque de praia e um pesque-pague. O potencial de mercado do lambari foi detectado nas demandas dos diferentes equipamentos de comercialização varejista. Além disso, esta espécie apresenta vantagens competitivas em relação à manjuba, que possui características similares quanto ao modo de consumo. Para o aproveitamento desse potencial é necessário que os produtores adequem os custos de produção e a apresentação do produto final às especificidades exigidas pelo segmento de mercado escolhido para a comercialização.
2021-12-14T15:50:04Z
2021-12-14T15:50:04Z
2021-12-14T15:50:04Z
2011-12-30
Article - Refereed
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/106982
41
12
Goncalves, Fernando Henrique A [0000-0002-3555-3014]
pt
http://www.iea.sp.gov.br/ftpiea/publicacoes/IE/2011/tec1-1211.pdf
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/888842023-06-16T19:48:37Zcom_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_24309
Jikradia olitoria ([Hemiptera]:[Cicadellidae]) transmits the sequevar NAGYIIIβ phytoplasma strain associated with North American grapevine yellows in artificial feeding assays
Lenzi, Paolo
Stoepler, Teresa M.
McHenry, Diana J.
Davis, Robert E.
Wolf, Tony K.
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
artificial diet
leafhopper
phytoplasma
transmission analysis
vector
North American Grapevine Yellows (NAGY) is a destructive disease of grapevines caused by phytoplasmas, wall-less bacteria that are insect-transmitted and found in plant phloem tissues. Although the disease was recognized in vineyards in the eastern United States since the 1980s, the identities of vectors remain unknown. The objectives of this study were to survey potential phytoplasma vector insects inhabiting Virginia vineyards that expressed NAGY symptoms and to evaluate their ability to transmit phytoplasmas associated with NAGY. Phytoplasmas were identified as 'Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni'-related NAGYIIIβ strains and 'Ca. Phytoplasma asteris'-related NAGYI-B strains. To determine the identities of the potential vectors, artificial feeding solution was used to evaluate the ability of leafhopper species to release phytoplasmas during feeding and phytoplasma strains were identified using molecular tools. Out of 49 insect species screened, Jikradia olitoria was the only insect that released phytoplasmas into the feeding solutions; all phytoplasmas, thus, detected were identified as NAGYIIIβ strains by nucleotide sequencing of three different genomic regions. No NAGYI-B strain was detected. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of a potential insect vector of a specific phytoplasma associated with NAGY disease, and it is the first report of J. olitoria being a putative vector of a plant pathogenic phytoplasma. © Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America 2019. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.
2019-04-10T18:45:26Z
2019-04-10T18:45:26Z
2019-04-10T18:45:26Z
2019-01-02
Article - Refereed
1536-2442
iey124
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/88884
https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/iey124
19
1
30601997
2250-2645
en
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication
Library of the University of Arizona
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1159252023-07-29T07:13:42Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_91436com_10919_5532com_10919_24235col_10919_78882col_10919_97229col_10919_24309
Edamame Yield and Quality Response to Nitrogen and Sulfur Fertilizers
Brooks, Keren
Reiter, Mark
Zhang, Bo
Mott, Joshua
As United States farmers adapt soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>) production methods from oilseed to vegetable (edamame), key management practices will need to be considered. The key objective of this study was to determine the optimal nitrogen (N) rate and N application timing for edamame in the mid-Atlantic coastal plain system. The study was conducted for three years in Painter, VA, USA on sandy loam soils. A factorial arrangement of four N rates was applied with two application timing strategies: at-planting, and split application. Leaf tissue samples were collected and analyzed at R1. At harvest, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was measured, whole pods were mechanically collected, and yield was recorded. Additionally, pod and bean physical and chemical quality were assessed. Nitrogen fertilization significantly increased pod yield in two out of three years. R1 leaf N and sulfur (S) concentrations correlated to the yield, and R1 leaf and R6 whole-plant N concentrations correlated to the total N uptake. None of the tested parameters indicated that N fertilizer decreased yield or quality. In conclusion, we found that N fertilizer applied at planting may aid edamame yield and profit for sandy loam soils in the mid-Atlantic, USA.
2023-07-28T14:48:10Z
2023-07-28T14:48:10Z
2023-07-28T14:48:10Z
2023-07-14
Article - Refereed
Brooks, K.; Reiter, M.; Zhang, B.; Mott, J. Edamame Yield and Quality Response to Nitrogen and Sulfur Fertilizers. Agronomy 2023, 13, 1865.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/115925
https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13071865
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/973372020-06-08T06:31:28Zcom_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_24309
TrunkDiseaselD.org: A molecular database for fast and accurate identification of fungi commonly isolated from grapevine wood
Lawrence, Daniel P.
Travadon, Renaud
Nita, Mizuho
Baumgartner, Kendra
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
Species diagnosis
Fungi
Grapevine trunk disease
Vitis vinifera
Wood canker
The grapevine trunk-disease complex limits vineyard longevity in all major grape-growing regions. Although trunk diseases have been distinguished based on etiologies (e.g., Botryosphaeria-, Eutypa-, and Phomopsis dieback, Esca) and causal agents, mixed infections of trunk pathogens and other wood colonizing fungi are frequent in grapevines. These diverse fungal communities in grapevine span four classes in the Pezizomycotina (Ascomycota) and 10 genera in the Hymenochaetales (Basidiomycota). Traditional identification based on morphology is largely untenable because of overlap in colony characteristics or spore dimensions, or lack of sporulation in culture. When based on DNA sequencing, searches of uncurated, public molecular databases can lead to misidentifications. The new "molecular database TrunkDiseaselD.org is populated with accurate rDNA ITS sequences from 250 + isolates (pathogens and saprobes) and secondary DNA barcodes for delineating closely related species. Currently, no such comprehensive database exists for grapevine wood-colonizing fungi. In addition to ITS and secondary barcode sequences, this database provides a scientific reference, origin, and ecological status for each isolate, to aid diagnosticians in communicating results and recommendations to growers. Outreach through the National Plant Diagnostic Network and the US Department of Agriculture's Identification Technology Program will connect diagnosticians to this new database for grape. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
2020-03-17T17:26:47Z
2020-03-17T17:26:47Z
2020-03-17T17:26:47Z
2017-12
Article - Refereed
0261-2194
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97337
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2017.08.017
102
1873-6904
en
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
CC0 1.0 Universal
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/974962023-11-29T19:07:32Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_5540com_10919_91436com_10919_5532com_10919_24235col_10919_78882col_10919_71752col_10919_97229col_10919_24309
RNAi-Based Biofungicides as a Promising Next-Generation Strategy for Controlling Devastating Gray Mold Diseases
Islam, Md Tabibul
Sherif, Sherif M.
School of Plant and Environmental Sciences
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
Botrytis cinerea
spray-induced gene silencing
RNAi-based biofungicide
siRNA
dsRNA
<i>Botrytis cinerea</i> is one of the most critical agro-economic phytopathogens and has been reported to cause gray mold disease in more than 1000 plant species. Meanwhile, small interfering RNA (siRNA), which induce RNA interference (RNAi), are involved in both host immunity and pathogen virulence. <i>B. cinerea</i> has been reported to use both siRNA effectors and host RNAi machinery to facilitate the progression of gray mold in host species. Accordingly, RNAi-based biofungicides that use double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to target essential fungal genes are considered an emerging approach for controlling devastating gray mold diseases. Furthermore, spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS), in which the foliar application of dsRNA is used to silence the pathogen virulence genes, holds great potential as an alternative to host-induced gene silencing (HIGS). Recently, SIGS approaches have attracted research interest, owing to their ability to mitigate both pre- and post-harvest <i>B. cinerea</i> infections. The RNAi-mediated regulation of host immunity and susceptibility in <i>B. cinerea</i>–host interactions are summarized in this review, along with the limitations of the current knowledge of RNAi-based biofungicides, especially regarding SIGS approaches for controlling gray mold diseases under field conditions.
2020-03-27T18:46:45Z
2020-03-27T18:46:45Z
2020-03-27T18:46:45Z
2020-03-18
Article - Refereed
Islam, M.T.; Sherif, S.M. RNAi-Based Biofungicides as a Promising Next-Generation Strategy for Controlling Devastating Gray Mold Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 2072.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97496
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21062072
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/966842023-11-29T19:07:33Zcom_10919_5540com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_71752col_10919_24309
Combating Spring Frost With Ethylene
Liu, Jianyang
Sherif, Sherif M.
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
spring frost
temperate fruits
deciduous woody perennials
bud dormancy
hormone signalling
ethylene
The sustainable fruit production in temperate and boreal regions is often imperiled by spring frosts. The risk of frost damage and the resulting economic losses have been increasing in the recent years as a result of the global climate change. Among the many approaches in mitigating frost damages, an ethylene-based compound, ethephon has proven to be effective in delaying bloom time in many fruit species and, thereby, avoid frost damage. However, effective concentrations of ethephon are often associated with harmful effects on fruit trees, which largely limit its use. Relatively, limited research attention has been given to understand the mechanisms underlying this ethylene-mediated bloom delay, thus hindering the progress in exploring its potential in frost protection. Recent advances in omics and bioinformatics have facilitated the identification of critical molecular and biochemical pathways that govern the progression of bud dormancy in deciduous woody perennials. In this review, we summarized our current understanding of the function of ethylene and its interaction with other networks in modulating dormancy and blooming in temperate fruit trees. Some possible mechanisms are also proposed that might potentially guide future studies attempting to decipher the dormancy regulation or searching for methods to alleviate frost damages.
2020-02-03T17:44:49Z
2020-02-03T17:44:49Z
2020-02-03T17:44:49Z
2019-10-30
Article - Refereed
Liu J and Sherif SM (2019) Combating Spring Frost With Ethylene. Front. Plant Sci. 10:1408. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01408
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/96684
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01408
10
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Frontiers
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/994872023-06-16T19:48:37Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_70873col_10919_24309
Herbicide options for effective weed management in dry direct-seeded rice under scented rice-wheat rotation of western Indo-Gangetic Plains
Singh, Vijay
Jat, Mangi L.
Ganie, Zahoor A.
Chauhan, Bhagirath S.
Gupta, Raj K.
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Agronomy
Agriculture
B:C ratio
Crop injury
Dry direct-seeded rice
Herbicides
Weed management
GROWTH-RESPONSE
IRRIGATED RICE
WATER
PRODUCTIVITY
EMERGENCE
SYSTEMS
0703 Crop and Pasture Production
Entomology
Farmers' participatory field trials were conducted at Madhuban, and Taraori, the two participatory experimental sites/locations of the Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia (CSISA), a collaborative project of IRRI and CIMMYT in Karnal district of Haryana, India, during Kharif (wet season) 2010 and 2011. This research aimed to evaluate preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) herbicides for providing feasible and economically viable weed management options to farmers for predominant scented rice varieties. Treatments with pendimethalin PRE fb bispyribac-sodium + azimsulfuron POST had lower weed biomass at 45 days after sowing (DAS). At Madhuban, highest grain yield of scented basmati rice (3.43 t ha(-1)) was recorded with the sequential application of pendimethalin PRE fb bispyribac-sodium + azimsulfuron POST. However, at Taraori, yields were similar with pendimethalin or oxadiargyl PRE fb bispyribac-sodium and/or azimsulfuron POST. Applying oxadiargyl by mixing with sand onto flooded field was less effective than spray applications in non-flooded field. The benefit-cost ratio of rice crop was higher with herbicide treatments at both sites as compared with the non-treated weed-free check except single PRE and POST applications and sequential application of oxadiargyl PRE fb oxadiargyl PRE. In a separate experiment conducted at Nagla and Taraori sites, scented rice cultivars' ('CSR 30' and 'Pusa 1121') tolerance to three rates of azimsulfuron (15, 25, and 35 g ai ha(-1)) was evaluated over two years (2010 and 2011). CSR 30 (superfine, scented) was more sensitive to higher rates (35 g ai ha(-1)) of azimsulfuron as compared to Pusa 1121 (fine, scented). Crop injuries were 8 and 28% in case of CSR 30; 5 and 15% in Pusa 1121 when applied with azimsulfuron 25 and 35 g ai ha(-1), respectively. Azimsulfuron applied at 35 g ai ha(-1) reduced yield in both cultivars but in CSR 30 yield reduction was twofold (11.5%) as that of Pusa 1121 (5.2%).
2020-08-06T00:47:05Z
2020-08-06T00:47:05Z
2020-08-06T00:47:05Z
2016-03-01
Article - Refereed
0261-2194
PMC4767026 (pmc)
S0261-2194(15)30190-3 (PII)
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99487
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2015.12.021
81
26941471
1873-6904
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Elsevier
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1130232023-01-05T08:13:20Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_70873col_10919_24309
Rapid decline of Calonectria pseudonaviculata soil population in selected gardens across the United States
Hong, Chuanxue
Daughtrey, Margery
Howle, Matthew
Schirmer, Scott
Kosta, Kathleen
Kong, Ping
Likins, Michael
Suslow, Karen
drought impact
pathogen ecology
soil biology
temperature sensitivity
Calonectria pseudonaviculata (Cps) poses a serious threat to boxwood, an iconic landscape plant in American and European gardens. Under the mild climatic conditions of the United Kingdom, Cps remained recoverable in infected leaf debris after being left on the soil surface or buried for 5 years. The primary objective of this study was to determine how this fungus may be affected by the warmer summers and colder winters in the United States by sampling and baiting soil with boxwood cuttings and by on-site testing with sentinel plants. Soil sampling started in a Virginia garden in January 2016 and was extended to California, Illinois, New York, and South Carolina in early summer of 2017 through late fall of 2018. The Cps soil population as measured by the percentage of infected bait leaves declined sharply within the first year of blighted boxwood removal and fell to an almost undetectable level at the end of this study. To validate these baiting results, the Virginia garden was tested on site four times with container-grown boxwood plants while the South Carolina garden and three New York gardens were tested once. Each test began with sentinel plants set out for field exposure, followed by evaluation on site and then in the laboratory after plants were retrieved from these gardens and incubated under conducive environments for 2 weeks. Cps was not observed on any sentinel boxwood plant on site or in the laboratory with one exception. These observations indicate that Cps did not survive in the United States garden soil over time as well as it did in the United Kingdom. These results have important practical implications while challenging the notion that fungi producing microsclerotia will always survive in the soil for many years.
2023-01-04T15:16:31Z
2023-01-04T15:16:31Z
2023-01-04T15:16:31Z
2022-11-01
Article
0191-2917
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/113023
https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-22-0443-RE
106
11
Hong, Chuanxue [0000-0001-7389-5157]
35486597
1943-7692
en
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35486597
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
American Phytopathological Society
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1056432023-11-29T19:07:37Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_5540com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_78882col_10919_71752col_10919_24309
Differential Tolerance to Calonectria pseudonaviculata of English Boxwood Plants Associated with the Complexity of Culturable Fungal and Bacterial Endophyte Communities
Kong, Ping
Sharifi, Melissa
Bordas, Adria
Hong, Chuanxue
Isolated boxwood endophytes have been demonstrated to effectively protect boxwood plants from infection by <i>Calonectria pseudonaviculata</i> (<i>Cps</i>). However, the roles of endophytes as communities in plant defense are not clear. Here, we demonstrated differential tolerance to <i>Cps</i> of English boxwood (<i>Buxus sempervirens</i> ‘Suffruticosa’), an iconic landscape plant and generally regarded as highly susceptible, and its link to endophyte complexity. Fifteen boxwood twig samples were collected in triplicates from three historic gardens—Colonial Williamsburg, George Washington’s Mount Vernon and River Farm, and Virginia Tech’s research farm in Virginia Beach in the summer and fall of 2019. A portion of individual samples was inoculated with <i>Cps</i> under controlled conditions. Significant differences in disease severity were observed among samples but not between the two seasons. Examining the endophyte cultures of the summer samples revealed that bacterial and fungal abundance was negatively and positively correlated with the disease severity. Nanopore metagenomics analysis on genomic DNA of the tolerant and susceptible group representatives confirmed the associations. Specifically, tolerant English boxwood plants had an endophyte community dominated by <i>Bacilli</i> and <i>Betaproteobacteria</i>, while susceptible ones had a distinct endophyte community dominated by <i>Gammaproteobacteria</i>, <i>Actinobacteria</i>, and diverse fungi. These findings may lead to boxwood health management innovations—devising and utilizing cultural practices to manipulate and increase the abundance and performance of beneficial endophytes for enhanced boxwood resistance to <i>Cps</i>.
2021-10-22T14:14:30Z
2021-10-22T14:14:30Z
2021-10-22T14:14:30Z
2021-10-21
Article - Refereed
Kong, P.; Sharifi, M.; Bordas, A.; Hong, C. Differential Tolerance to Calonectria pseudonaviculata of English Boxwood Plants Associated with the Complexity of Culturable Fungal and Bacterial Endophyte Communities. Plants 2021, 10, 2244.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/105643
https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10112244
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/974522020-06-08T06:31:28Zcom_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_24309
Temporal and Directional Patterns of Nymphal Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Movement on the Trunk of Selected Wild and Fruit Tree Hosts in the Mid-Atlantic Region
Acebes-Doria, Angelita L.
Leskey, Tracy C.
Bergh, J. Christopher
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
brown marmorated stink bug
apple
peach
tree of heaven
tree survey
Halyomorpha halys (Sta (a) over circlel) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is an invasive and polyphagous herbivore that has been problematic in Mid-Atlantic fruit orchards, many of which are adjacent to woodlands containing its wild hosts. Our tree census in woodlands bordering 15 Mid-Atlantic apple orchards revealed 47 species of deciduous trees and shrubs, 76.6% of which were recorded hosts of H. halys. Tree of heaven was most common and abundant overall. Halyomorpha halys nymphs have a substantial walking dispersal capacity, and their fitness is enhanced by feeding on multiple hosts. Directional and temporal patterns of nymphal H. halys movement on selected wild hosts and apple and peach trees at the orchard-woodland interface were monitored in 2014 and 2015 using passive traps to capture nymphs walking up and down tree trunks. Weekly captures from mid-May to late September or mid-October were compared among hosts across both seasons. Despite higher total nymphal captures in 2014 than 2015, the seasonal trends for both years were similar and indicated bivoltine H. halys populations. In both years, more nymphs were intercepted while walking up than down and captures of upward-and downward-walking nymphs varied significantly among the hosts. All instars were captured, but captures of second instars predominated. Captures reflected seasonal changes in instar distribution and consisted predominantly of younger and older nymphs, early and later in the season, respectively. Results are discussed in relation to host and seasonal effects on the movement of nymphs at the orchard-woodland interface, and the implications for H. halys management.
2020-03-24T19:31:54Z
2020-03-24T19:31:54Z
2020-03-24T19:31:54Z
2017-04
Article - Refereed
0046-225X
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97452
https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvw164
46
2
28082461
1938-2936
en
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
CC0 1.0 Universal
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1069102021-12-10T08:33:16Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_78882col_10919_24309
Assessing the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Salmon Frame Proteins through Different By-Product/Water Ratios and pH Regimes
Valencia, Pedro
Valdivia, Silvana
Nuñez, Suleivys
Ovissipour, Reza
Pinto, Marlene
Ramirez, Cristian
Perez, Alvaro
Ruz, Manuel
Garcia, Paula
Jimenez, Paula
Almonacid, Sergio
The enzymatic hydrolysis of fish by-product proteins is traditionally carried out by mixing ground by-products with water. In addition, pH control is used to avoid pH drops. Higher costs are involved due to the use of pH control systems and the consequent energy cost in the drying stage. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of these conditions on the hydrolysis of salmon frame (SF) proteins, including the SF hydrolysis without added water. SF hydrolysis by subtilisin at 50, 75, and 100% SF under different pH regimes were evaluated by released α-amino (α-NH) groups, total nitrogen, degree of hydrolysis, and estimated peptide chain length (<i>PCL</i>) at 55 °C. The concentration of released α-NH groups was higher in the conditions with less added water. However, the nitrogen recovery decreased from 50 to 24% at 50 and 100% SF, respectively. Changing the SF/water ratio had a more significant effect than changing the pH regime. Estimated <i>PCL</i> changed from 5–7 to 7–9 at 50 and 100% SF, respectively. The operating conditions affected the hydrolysis performance and the molecular characteristics of the hydrolysate.
2021-12-09T20:00:19Z
2021-12-09T20:00:19Z
2021-12-09T20:00:19Z
2021-12-08
Article - Refereed
Valencia, P.; Valdivia, S.; Nuñez, S.; Ovissipour, R.; Pinto, M.; Ramirez, C.; Perez, A.; Ruz, M.; Garcia, P.; Jimenez, P.; Almonacid, S. Assessing the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Salmon Frame Proteins through Different By-Product/Water Ratios and pH Regimes. Foods 2021, 10, 3045.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/106910
https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10123045
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1171602023-12-08T22:01:20Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_70873col_10919_24309
Insects as Valuable Sources of Protein and Peptides: Production, Functional Properties, and Challenges
Hasnan, Fatin Fayuni Binti
Feng, Yiming
Sun, Taozhu
Parraga, Katheryn
Schwarz, Michael
Zarei, Mohammad
Insects
Protein
protein hydrolysate
bioactive peptides
entomophagy
sustainability
alternative protein sources
As the global population approaches 10 billion by 2050, the critical need to ensure food security becomes increasingly pronounced. In response to the urgent problems posed by global population growth, our study adds to the growing body of knowledge in the field of alternative proteins, entomophagy, insect-based bioactive proteolysates, and peptides. It also provides novel insights with essential outcomes for guaranteeing a safe and sustainable food supply in the face of rising global population demands. These results offer insightful information to researchers and policymakers tackling the intricate relationship between population expansion and food supplies. Unfortunately, conventional agricultural practices are proving insufficient in meeting these demands. Pursuing alternative proteins and eco-friendly food production methods has gained urgency, embracing plant-based proteins, cultivated meat, fermentation, and precision agriculture. In this context, insect farming emerges as a promising strategy to upcycle agri-food waste into nutritious protein and fat, meeting diverse nutritional needs sustainably. A thorough analysis was conducted to evaluate the viability of insect farming, investigate insect nutrition, and review the techniques and functional properties of protein isolation. A review of peptide generation from insects was conducted, covering issues related to hydrolysate production, protein extraction, and peptide identification. The study addresses the nutritional value and global entomophagy habits to elucidate the potential of insects as sources of peptides and protein. This inquiry covers protein and hydrolysate production, highlighting techniques and bioactive peptides. Functional properties of insect proteins’ solubility, emulsification, foaming, gelation, water-holding, and oil absorption are investigated. Furthermore, sensory aspects of insect-fortified foods as well as challenges, including Halal and Kosher considerations, are explored across applications. Our review underscores insects’ promise as sustainable protein and peptide contributors, offering recommendations for further research to unlock their full potential.
2023-12-08T18:50:25Z
2023-12-08T18:50:25Z
2023-12-08T18:50:25Z
2023-11-24
Article - Refereed
2304-8158
https://hdl.handle.net/10919/117160
https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12234243
12
23
Zarei, Mohammad [0000-0003-1573-347X]
Parraga-Estrada, Katheryn [0000-0002-3014-4254]
Feng, Yiming [0000-0002-9693-3686]
2304-8158
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1088562022-03-20T20:22:47Zcom_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_78630col_10919_78882col_10919_24309
Environmental Accounting of the Yellow-Tail Lambari Aquaculture: Sustainability of Rural Freshwater Pond Systems
Fonseca, Tamara
Valenti, Wagner C.
Giannetti, Biagio F.
Gonçalves, Fernando Henrique A.
Agostinho, Feni
Freshwater pond aquaculture is the prevailing fish culture system worldwide, especially in developing countries. The sustainability of such systems has not been assessed and it can be improved based on suitable scientific analyses. In the present study, we apply the emergy synthesis to assess the sustainability of lambari aquaculture, used as a model of freshwater pond monoculture in Brazil, to identify the key practices, and to propose changes to improve them towards sustainability. As a study model, nine semi-intensive lambari farms operating at three levels of management were evaluated: low (LC), moderate (MC) and high (HC) control. Results showed that the main inputs for LC were services (27–46%), feed (7–39%) and water (15–21%), while for the MC and HC farms, they were feed (35–49% and 17–48%, respectively) and services (33–39% and 26–36%, respectively). All farms required more than 60% of their emergy from purchased inputs, resulting in low emergy sustainability index (ESI = 0.1–0.5). Increasing juvenile productivity, using superficial water instead of springwater, controlling pond fertilization and replacing animal protein in diet composition by vegetable sources can lead systems to higher efficiency and resilience, increasing sustainability.
2022-02-25T13:46:04Z
2022-02-25T13:46:04Z
2022-02-25T13:46:04Z
2022-02-12
Article - Refereed
Fonseca, T.; Valenti, W.C.; Giannetti, B.F.; Gonçalves, F.H.; Agostinho, F. Environmental Accounting of the Yellow-Tail Lambari Aquaculture: Sustainability of Rural Freshwater Pond Systems. Sustainability 2022, 14, 2090.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/108856
https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042090
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/868072023-06-16T19:48:38Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_70873col_10919_24309
Developing an Online Grapevine Trunk Disease Diagnostic Aid
Nita, Mizuho
Josphert, Kimatu
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
We face critical challenges in educating growers on wood-canker diseases of grapevines. Unlike other major diseases that appear every year with obvious symptoms (e.g., powdery mildew of grape), wood-canker diseases are often go unnoticed, yet they have more certain and detrimental effects on the plants. Because of this lack of sensational symptom development within a short period, it is difficult for agricultural educators to convince the growers to take urgent action. Modes of delivering extension-related information are changing. Reduced extension education budgets and changes in growers’ expectations have led to fewer of the standard, face-to-face meetings between extension agents and growers, and instead, have shifted toward distance-learning style approaches. In order to address these issues, we have developed a new web-based pictorial diagnostic key tool for grapevine trunk diseases. This tool aids users to determine a target grapevine trunk disease using a series of pictorial keys from different tissues of grapevines (leaves, trunks, cluster, etc.). Once enough information is obtained, it will provide the user a list of recommendations for management. This tool covers not only trunk diseases, but also some bacterial diseases and abiotic disorders that are similar in symptom expressions. It is hosted attreeandvinetrunkdiseases.org, and the website is freely available.
2019-01-21T16:23:59Z
2019-01-21T16:23:59Z
2019-01-21T16:23:59Z
2018-03-19
Book chapter
978-1-78923-608-8
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86807
https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.74946
Nita, Mizuho [0000-0003-4171-060X]
en
Advances in Plant Pathology
http://www.intechopen.com/
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
IntechOpen
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/494492023-06-16T19:48:39Zcom_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_24309
Reduction of bunch stem necrosis of Cabernet Sauvignon by increased tissue nitrogen concentration
Capps, E. R.
Wolf, T. K.
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
bunch stem necrosis
dessechement de la rafle
fertilizer
grapevine
Nitrogen
nutrient analysis
palo negro
shanking
stiellahme
waterberry
inflorescence necrosis
grapevines
density
growth
biotechnology & applied microbiology
food science & technology
horticulture
Field experiments were conducted over three years at two vineyards in northern Virginia to examine relationships between specific nutrients and the incidence of bunch stem necrosis (BSN) of Cabernet Sauvignon. Nitrogen, magnesium, acid calcium were applied alone or in combination. Only one of the vineyards (Winchester) showed appreciable BSN incidence during the study period. During the 1996 season at Winchester vineyard, bloom-time leaf petiole and veraison rachis nitrogen concentration of unfertilized (control) vines were 0.80% and 1.16%, respectively. The corresponding control BSN incidence was 41% at harvest time. Seasonally split application of nitrogen fertilizer at 112 kg/ha actual nitrogen increased bloom-time leaf petiole and veraison cluster stem nitrogen concentration to 1.85% and 1.82%, respectively, in the nitrogen plots. The corresponding BSN incidence was reduced to 14% at harvest time. BSN symptoms were not as pronounced during the 1997 season; however, all treatments, including the control plots had elevated tissue nitrogen levels in 1997. Application of nitrogen fertilizer in 1998 was associated with bloom-time leaf petiole and veraison rachis nitrogen concentrations of 1.18% and 1.34%, respectively. Corresponding BSN was reduced to 3% at harvest time, versus 17% to 23% in treatments that did not receive nitrogen. Magnesium and calcium had minimal (1997) or no impact on BSN incidence. Measures of canopy density, cane pruning weights, crop yield, and fruit chemistry suggest that the ameliorating effects of nitrogen on BSN incidence were directly related to increased tissue nitrogen concentration, and not an indirect effect of vigor stimulation or crop ripening rate. A low incidence of BSN at the second vineyard precluded a definitive explanation of prior BSN expression at that location. We conclude that low tissue [N] may be one cause of BSN, and that vineyards should be examined individually for contributing factors.
2014-07-10T13:56:44Z
2014-07-10T13:56:44Z
2014-07-10T13:56:44Z
2000
Article - Refereed
Capps, E. R.; Wolf, T. K., "Reduction of bunch stem necrosis of Cabernet Sauvignon by increased tissue nitrogen concentration," Am. J. Enol. Vitic 2000 vol. 51 no. 4 319-328. http://ajevonline.org/content/51/4/319.abstract
0002-9254
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49449
http://ajevonline.org/content/51/4/319.abstract
en
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
American Society for Enology and Viticulture
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/851332023-04-14T17:49:45Zcom_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_24309
Non-Native Ambrosia Beetles as Opportunistic Exploiters of Living but Weakened Trees
Ranger, Christopher M.
Schultz, Peter B.
Frank, Steven D.
Chong, Juang H.
Reding, Michael E.
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
Exotic Xylosandrus spp. ambrosia beetles established in non-native habitats have been associated with sudden and extensive attacks on a diverse range of living trees, but factors driving their shift from dying/dead hosts to living and healthy ones are not well understood. We sought to characterize the role of host physiological condition on preference and colonization by two invaders, Xylosandrus germanus and Xylosandrus crassiusculus. When given free-choice under field conditions among flooded and non-flooded deciduous tree species of varying intolerance to flooding, beetles attacked flood-intolerant tree species over more tolerant species within 3 days of initiating flood stress. In particular, flood-intolerant flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) sustained more attacks than flood-tolerant species, including silver maple (Acer saccharinum) and swamp white oak (Quercus bicolor). Ethanol, a key host-derived attractant, was detected at higher concentrations 3 days after initiating flooding within stems of flood intolerant species compared to tolerant and non-flooded species. A positive correlation was also detected between ethanol concentrations in stem tissue and cumulative ambrosia beetle attacks. When adult X. germanus and X. crassiusculus were confined with no-choice to stems of flood-stressed and non-flooded C. florida, more ejected sawdust resulting from tunneling activity was associated with the flood-stressed trees. Furthermore, living foundresses, eggs, larvae, and pupae were only detected within galleries created in stems of flood-stressed trees. Despite a capability to attack diverse tree genera, X. germanus and X. crassiusculus efficiently distinguished among varying host qualities and preferentially targeted trees based on their intolerance of flood stress. Non-flooded trees were not preferred or successfully colonized. This study demonstrates the host-selection strategy exhibited by X. germanus and X. crassiusculus in non-native habitats involves detection of stress-induced ethanol emission and early colonization of living but weakened trees.
2018-09-26T13:41:07Z
2018-09-26T13:41:07Z
2018-09-26T13:41:07Z
2015-07-02
Article - Refereed
e0131496
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/85133
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131496
10
7
26134522
1932-6203
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
PLOS
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1127272023-08-30T19:29:25Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_78882col_10919_24309
Effects of Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) and 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on the Pre-Harvest Drop Rate, Fruit Quality, and Stem-End Splitting in ‘Gala’ Apples
Liu, Jianyang
Islam, Md Tabibul
Sherif, Sherif M.
Preharvest fruit drop is a significant physiological problem that affects numerous commercially significant apple varieties, including ‘Gala.’ AVG and 1-MCP are two plant growth regulators commonly used to reduce fruit drop by reducing ethylene synthesis and perception, respectively. To optimize yield and market acceptance, a complete investigation of AVG and 1-MCP impacts on fruit drop and fruit quality of ‘Gala’ apples is required. In this study, four trials were conducted over the course of three years to determine the effects of AVG and 1-MCP on fruit drop and quality at harvest and after cold storage. Our results indicated that applications of AVG at the full-rate (130 mgL<sup>−1</sup>) three weeks before harvest (WBAH) were more effective at minimizing fruit drop than applications at the half-rate (65 mgL<sup>−1</sup>) and did not differ significantly from the double rate (260 mgL<sup>−1</sup>). Additionally, a single application of AVG was as effective in preventing fruit drop as two applications of 1-MCP. We also demonstrated that AVG decreased fruit skin pigmentation when used alone or in conjunction with GA<sub>4+7</sub> or 1-MCP, while 1-MCP applications had no negative effect on fruit color. Finally, our data showed that when compared to 1-MCP and GA<sub>4+7</sub>, AVG alone was more effective in preventing stem-end splitting in Gala apples.
2022-11-29T13:18:44Z
2022-11-29T13:18:44Z
2022-11-29T13:18:44Z
2022-11-24
Article - Refereed
Liu, J.; Islam, M.T.; Sherif, S.M. Effects of Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) and 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on the Pre-Harvest Drop Rate, Fruit Quality, and Stem-End Splitting in 'Gala' Apples. Horticulturae 2022, 8, 1100.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/112727
https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8121100
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1156072023-07-01T07:16:29Zcom_10919_111086com_10919_5532com_10919_24235col_10919_111087col_10919_24309
Effect of sire fecal egg count estimated breeding value on Katahdin lamb parasite resistance in pasture-based system
Weaver, Andrew R.
Wright, Donald L.
Greiner, Scott P.
Bowdridge, Scott A.
Parasite Resistance
Selection
Sheep
Significant genetic variability exits within sheep breeds for gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) resistance. There-fore, selection may be an important tool to combat anthelmintic resistance in GIN populations. To better un-derstand the effect of selection based on the fecal egg count (FEC) estimated breeding value (EBV) on lamb GIN resistance in a pasture-based system, a divergent mating scheme was established. Over two years, Katahdin rams with exceptionally high (High FEC; n = 5) or low (Low FEC, n = 5) FEC EBV were mated to random groups of Katahdin ewes at the Southwest Virginia Agricultural Research and Extension Center (Glade Spring, VA). Lambs were born mid-March and managed as one contemporary group (Weaning: June 4). In Year 1 (YR1), FEC was collected on all lambs June 26 with no prior anthelmintic treatment. In Year 2 (YR2), beginning at 60 days of age, body weights and FAMACHA scores were collected weekly and FEC biweekly. Anthelmintic administration occurred based on FAMACHA >= 3 in YR2. Lamb survival determination excluded first 7 days of age. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS (SAS Institute, Cary, NC) with fixed effects of sire type. Lamb FEC EBV cor-responded to sire type validating the mating scheme. Lamb FEC was similar and variable prior to and shortly after weaning. After this point, High FEC-sired lambs had greater FEC compared to Low FEC-sired lambs (P < 0.05) and anthelmintic treatment corresponded to FEC EBV type (P < 0.05). In YR1, death losses were greater for High FEC-sired lambs (P < 0.05) and those lambs that died had greater FEC EBV than those that survived (P < 0.05). In YR2, post-weaning FEC EBV difference between High FEC-sired lambs that survived to 120 days of age and those that died was significant (73% vs. 138%, P < 0.01). Therefore, selection for improved GIN resistance using FEC EBV is effective and the FEC EBV is also associated with lamb survival in a pasture-based system.
2023-06-30T13:40:16Z
2023-06-30T13:40:16Z
2023-06-30T13:40:16Z
2023-07
Article - Refereed
0921-4488
106984
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/115607
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2023.106984
224
1879-0941
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Elsevier
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1132282023-01-19T08:13:36Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_70873col_10919_24309
Characterization of supply of marine finfish species with potential for commercial growth in the United States
Engle, Carole R.
van Senten, Jonathan
Schwarz, Michael H.
Fish
Global production of marine finfish has grown in total volume of production and the number of species farmed commercially, but there has been little production in the United States of marine finfish other than salmon and red drum. For most species considered to be ready for commercialization, there are few or no farms from which to evaluate the size of the market or to estimate revenues and costs necessary to assess economic feasibility. This present study takes a first step to fill this gap with an analysis of the existing supply of 20 marine finfish species identified as candidates for commercialization in the United States, as a proxy for effective demand (the volume of a product sold at the market equilibrium price). Secondary data from 1950 (where available) through 2019 were compiled on each species, including (1) global aquaculture production, (2) US aquaculture production, (3) US commercial landings, (4) US recreational landings, and (5) imports. Current effective market demand (measured as the sum of commercial landings, farmed production, and imports) was low, totaling 36.6 million kg across the 20 species, which is equivalent to less than 23% of the annual volume sold of US farmed catfish. Commercial landings for 17 of the 20 species exhibited declines, potentially offering opportunities for farmed product to capture market share by filling the increasing gaps in supply. The variability in commercial landings provides opportunities for farms to capitalize on their advantage in supplying product with a high degree of consistency of volume, size, delivery frequency, and quality. Several unknown factors suggest the need for follow-up studies on consumer preferences, degree of substitutability among finfish species, and effects of recreational landings on demand. An important limitation to prospective producers is the lack of species-specific import data for the generic categories of “flounder,” “bass,” and “snapper.” This supply analysis provides a foundational analysis for prospective producers, investors, and researchers interested in commercialization of these marine species.
2023-01-18T13:39:59Z
2023-01-18T13:39:59Z
2023-01-18T13:39:59Z
2022-10-12
Article - Refereed
0893-8849
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/113228
https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.12921
van Senten, Jonathan [0000-0002-3513-7600]
Schwarz, Michael [0000-0002-9618-6262]
1749-7345
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
United States
Wiley
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/974922023-06-16T19:48:37Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_70873col_10919_24309
Technological Advances for Weed Management
Burgos, Nilda
Rouse, Christopher
Singh, Vijay
Salas-Perez, Reiofeli
Bagavathiannan, Muthukumar V.
Chandrasena, Nimal
Rao, Adusumilli N.
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
2020-03-26T23:01:56Z
2020-03-26T23:01:56Z
2020-03-26T23:01:56Z
2017-12-06
Book chapter
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97492
en
Commemorating 50 Years (1967-2017) 50th Anniversary Celebratory Volume, Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society (APWSS)
http://balajiscan.com/
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society (APWSS), Indian Society of Weed Science, The Weed Science Society of Japan,
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/954782020-10-12T19:11:38Zcom_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_24309
Red imported fire ants (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) increase the abundance of aphids in tomato
Coppler, Laura B.
Murphy, John F.
Eubanks, Micky D.
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
Solenopsis invicta
red imported fire ant
biological control
intraguild predation
Lycopersicon esculentum
tomato
ant-aphid mutualism
Red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta (Buren) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), are abundant in many agroecosystems in the southern United States and can affect the abundance of arthropods in these systems. We determined the effects of red imported fire ants on the abundance of aphids, other herbivorous insects, and beneficial arthropods in Alabama tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) by manipulating the density of red imported fire ants in plots of tomato plants and by sampling fresh market tomato farms for two years (2003 and 2004). In both years of our study, aphid abundance was significantly greater in tomato plots with high densities of fire ants than in plots where fire ant densities were suppressed. Further, the abundance of fire ants was positively correlated with the abundance of aphids on intensely managed tomato farms in both years. These aphids included many species that are the primary vectors of economically-important plant viruses of tomato and other vegetable crops. The positive effect of fire ants on aphid abundance was likely due to facultative fire ant-aphid mutualisms. Other studies have demonstrated that fire ants protect honeydewproducing insects from natural enemies, and we found that fire ants reduced the abundance of beneficial arthropods in the second year of our field experiment. However, red imported fire ants did not significantly reduce the abundance of non-aphid herbivores in either year of our field experiment, suggesting that fire ants are not important biological control agents of these insects in tomato. Fire ants may disrupt biological control of aphids in tomato fields and suppression of fire ants on tomato farms may decrease the abundance of aphids.
2019-11-11T14:25:53Z
2019-11-11T14:25:53Z
2019-11-11T14:25:53Z
2007-09
Article - Refereed
0015-4040
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/95478
https://doi.org/10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[419:RIFAHF]2.0.CO;2
90
3
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported
Florida Entomological Society
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/972582022-03-13T03:45:21Zcom_10919_91436com_10919_5532com_10919_24235col_10919_97229col_10919_24309
Registration of 'LCS Compass' Wheat
Liu, L.
Barnett, Marla D.
Griffey, Carl A.
Malla, Subas
Brooks, Wynse S.
Seago, John E.
Kirby, K.
Thomason, Wade E.
Rucker, E. G.
Behl, Harry D.
Pitman, Robert M.
Dunaway, David W.
Vaughn, Mark E.
Custis, J. Tommy
Seabourn, Bradford W.
Chen, R.
Fountain, Myron O.
Marshall, D.
Graybosch, Robert A.
Divis, L. A.
Hansen, L. E.
Cowger, C.
Cambron, Sue
Jin, Y.
Beahm, Bruce R.
Hardiman, T. H.
Lin, C. J.
Mennel, D. Ford
Mennel, Donald L.
School of Plant and Environmental Sciences
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
'LCS Compass' (Reg. No. CV-1149, PI 675458), a hard red winter (HRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), was developed and tested as VA10HRW-13 and co-released by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station and Limagrain Cereal Seeds, LLC, in 2015. LCS Compass was derived from the cross 'Vision 20' /'Stanof' using a modified bulk breeding method. LCS Compass is a widely adapted, high-yielding, awned, semidwarf (Rht1) HRW wheat with early to medium maturity and resistance or moderate resistance to diseases prevalent in the mid-Atlantic and Great Plains regions of the United States. In the 2013 Uniform Bread Wheat Trial conducted over 18 locations in eastern states, LCS Compass produced an average grain yield of 4609 kg ha(-1) that was similar to 'Vision 30' (4697 kg ha(-1)). In the northern Great Plains, the average grain yield of LCS Compass (4015 kg ha(-1)) over 44 locations in 2013 was similar to 'Jerry' (4013 kg ha(-1)). In the South Dakota crop zone 3 variety test, LCS Compass had a 3-yr (2015-2017) yield average of 5575 kg ha(-1) and was one of highest-yielding cultivars among the 19 cultivars tested over the 3-yr period. LCS Compass has good end-use quality in both the eastern and Great Plains regions of the United States.
2020-03-09T12:41:50Z
2020-03-09T12:41:50Z
2020-03-09T12:41:50Z
2018-12-13
Article - Refereed
1936-5209
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97258
https://doi.org/10.3198/jpr2018.03.0010crc
13
1
1940-3496
en
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
CC0 1.0 Universal
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1173242024-03-18T11:02:12Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_91436com_10919_5532com_10919_24235col_10919_70873col_10919_97229col_10919_24309
Cover crop termination options and application of remote sensing for evaluating termination efficiency
Kumar, Vipin
Singh, Vijay
Flessner, Michael L.
Haymaker, Joseph
Reiter, Mark S.
Mirsky, Steven B.
Leaf Chlorophyll Content
Cereal Rye
Chemical Termination
Vegetation Indexes
Roller-Crimper
Area Index
Corn
Yield
Reflectance
Management
Efficient termination of cover crops is an important component of cover crop management. Information on termination efficiency can help in devising management plans but estimating herbicide efficacy is a tedious task and potential remote sensing technologies and vegetative indices (VIs) have not been explored for this purpose. This study was designed to evaluate potential herbicide options for the termination of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.), and rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), and to correlate different VIs with visible termination efficiency. Nine herbicides and one roller-crimping treatment were applied to each cover crop. Among different herbicides used, glyphosate, glyphosate + glufosinate, paraquat, and paraquat + metribuzin provided more than 95% termination for both wheat and cereal rye 28 days after treatment (DAT). For hairy vetch, 2,4-D + glufosinate and glyphosate + glufosinate, resulted in 99 and 98% termination efficiency, respectively, followed by 2,4-D + glyphosate and paraquat with 92% termination efficiency 28 DAT. No herbicide provided more than 90% termination of rapeseed and highest control was provided by paraquat (86%), 2,4-D + glufosinate (85%), and 2,4-D + glyphosate (85%). Roller-crimping (without herbicide application) did not provide effective termination of any cover crop with 41, 61, 49, and 43% termination for wheat, cereal rye, hairy vetch, and rapeseed, respectively. Among the VIs, Green Leaf Index had the highest Pearson correlation coefficient for wheat (r = -0.786, p = <0.0001) and cereal rye (r = -0.804, p = <0.0001) with visible termination efficiency rating. Whereas for rapeseed, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) had the highest correlation coefficient (r = -0.655, p = <0.0001). The study highlighted the need for tankmixing 2,4-D or glufosinate with glyphosate for termination instead of blanket application of glyphosate alone for all crops including rapeseed and other broadleaf cover crops.
2024-01-09T16:09:37Z
2024-01-09T16:09:37Z
2024-01-09T16:09:37Z
2023-04-20
Article - Refereed
1932-6203
PONE-D-22-28353 (PII)
https://hdl.handle.net/10919/117324
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284529
18
4
Flessner, Michael [0000-0002-2854-008X]
Reiter, Mark [0000-0002-4891-0746]
37079528
1932-6203
en
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37079528
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication
Public Library of Science
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/955022022-03-29T18:14:31Zcom_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_78630col_10919_78882col_10919_24309
Greenhouse and Nursery Water Management Characterization and Research Priorities in the USA
White, Sarah A.
Owen, James S.
Majsztrik, John C.
Oki, Lorence R.
Fisher, Paul R.
Hall, Charles R.
Lea-Cox, John D.
Fernandez, R. Thomas
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
irrigation return flow
recycle
runoff
survey
round table discussion
field
container
Water quality
water quantity
barriers to adoption
reclaimed water
Nursery, floriculture, and propagation production accounted for 79% ($13.3 Billion) of 2017 ornamental specialty crop production in the United States. Access to high quality water sources is increasingly limited for irrigating these economically significant crops. Given the production, environmental, and economic issues associated with the use of water—including recycled, reclaimed, surface, and ground water—it is critical to develop sustainable runoff, containment, and remediation technologies, and to identify alternative sources of water. To better understand current practices and future water-related needs as perceived by grower stakeholders, an online survey was distributed nationally and five in-depth round table discussion sessions were conducted at the Mid-Atlantic Nursery Trade Show, Gulf States Horticultural Expo, California Grown Show, AmericanHort’s Cultivate, and the Farwest Show with a total of 36 individual industry participants. A team of research and extension specialists facilitated by a Specialty Crops Research Initiative Planning Grant (NIFA Project # 2011-51181-30633) analyzed and concisely summarized the results from the survey and the round table discussions. Research priorities related to water management identified by stakeholders revolved around six themes: (1) recycled water infrastructure and management; (2) contaminants; (3) plant health and water quality; (4) water treatment technologies; (5) competing and complementary water uses; (6) societal perception of agricultural water use.
2019-11-12T13:34:06Z
2019-11-12T13:34:06Z
2019-11-12T13:34:06Z
2019-11-08
Article - Refereed
White, S.A.; Owen, J.S.; Majsztrik, J.C.; Oki, L.R.; Fisher, P.R.; Hall, C.R.; Lea-Cox, J.D.; Fernandez, R.T. Greenhouse and Nursery Water Management Characterization and Research Priorities in the USA. Water 2019, 11, 2338.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/95502
https://doi.org/10.3390/w11112338
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/970192020-09-04T20:07:27Zcom_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_24309
Effect of pre-harvest exposures to adult Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on feeding injury to apple cultivars at harvest and during post-harvest cold storage
Bergh, J. Christopher
Joseph, Shimat V.
Short, Brent D.
Nita, Mizuho
Leskey, Tracy C.
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
brown marmorated stink bug
Malus domestica
Management
The effect of exposing apples to brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, for discrete intervals before harvest and of post-harvest cold storage on feeding injury expression was evaluated in 2011 and 2012. Individual apples from four cultivars in experimental orchards in Virginia and West Virginia, USA were caged soon after fruit set to protect them from insect injury. During each of the four weeks preceding harvest of each cultivar, five adult H. halys were placed in a subset of cages for 7-days, then removed. Control fruit were not exposed. The proportion of injured fruit and the number of external injuries was evaluated at harvest, after which the fruit were held in cold storage for about 5 weeks, followed by assessments of the proportion of fruit injured and the number of external and internal injuries. Most exposure timings resulted in external injury at harvest, but fruit exposed closer to harvest tended to show less injury than those exposed earlier. Fruit from all cultivars showed external injury at harvest, with variation in the proportion of injured fruit among them. The proportion of injured fruit and the number of external injuries tended to increase during post-harvest cold storage in some, but not all cultivars. The number of external injuries at harvest and after cold storage underrepresented the number of internal injuries. Results are discussed in the relation to the length of pre-harvest protection required to mitigate fruit injury from H. halys.
2020-02-24T15:53:00Z
2020-02-24T15:53:00Z
2020-02-24T15:53:00Z
2019-10
Article - Refereed
0261-2194
UNSP 104872
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97019
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2019.104872
124
1873-6904
en
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
CC0 1.0 Universal
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1016922023-06-13T19:04:54Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24230com_10919_5532com_10919_24235col_10919_70873col_10919_24305col_10919_24309
2020 Spray Bulletin for Commercial Tree Fruit Growers: Virginia, West Virginia, and University of Maryland
Pfeiffer, Douglas G.
Bergh, J. Christopher
Wilson, James
Hooks, C. R. R.
Sherif, Sherif M.
Walsh, C. S.
Yoder, Keith S.
Rahman, Mahfaz
Kotcon, J. B.
Derr, Jeffrey F.
Chandran, Rakesh S.
Frank, Daniel L.
Wycoff, Stephanie B.
Brown, Amy
Parkhurst, James A.
Pfeiffer, Douglas G.
Agriculture Profitability and Sustainability
Integrated pest management (IPM) is the approach emphasized in this guide; some aspects of IPM are incorporated throughout, although this guide mainly deals with the chemical component of IPM. IPM combines biological control from predators with selective chemical application for maintaining pest populations below economic threshold levels. This approach requires that growers give careful consideration to the selection, application rate and timing of chemical sprays. The degree of integration achieved will vary according to the management ability, training and objectives of the orchardist. Inadequate monitoring or implementation of IPM practices will lead to unsatisfactory results. In order to encourage the biological control components of the program, growers must consider the toxicity of chemicals to predators (Table 9, page 59) in addition to their efficacy against fruit pests (Tables 7 and 8, pages 56-58)...
2020-12-31T21:03:53Z
2020-12-31T21:03:53Z
2020-12-31T21:03:53Z
2020
Extension publication
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101692
Pfeiffer, Douglas [0000-0002-5283-7545]
en
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright (InC)
This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1123832022-11-05T07:15:14Zcom_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_24309
Humans and Hoofed Livestock Are the Main Sources of Fecal Contamination of Rivers Used for Crop Irrigation: A Microbial Source Tracking Approach
Diaz-Gavidia, Constanza
Barria, Carla
Weller, Daniel L.
Salgado-Caxito, Marilia
Estrada, Erika M.
Araya, Anibal
Vera, Leonardo
Smith, Woutrina
Kim, Minji
Moreno-Switt, Andrea I.
Olivares-Pacheco, Jorge
Adell, Aiko D.
microbial source tracking
water quality
waterborne pathogens
Cryptosporidium
Giardia
fecal coliforms
antimicrobial resistance
Freshwater bodies receive waste, feces, and fecal microorganisms from agricultural, urban, and natural activities. In this study, the probable sources of fecal contamination were determined. Also, antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) were detected in the two main rivers of central Chile. Surface water samples were collected from 12 sampling sites in the Maipo (n = 8) and Maule Rivers (n = 4) every 3 months, from August 2017 until April 2019. To determine the fecal contamination level, fecal coliforms were quantified using the most probable number (MPN) method and the source of fecal contamination was determined by Microbial Source Tracking (MST) using the Cryptosporidium and Giardia genotyping method. Separately, to determine if antimicrobial resistance bacteria (AMB) were present in the rivers, Escherichia coli and environmental bacteria were isolated, and the antibiotic susceptibility profile was determined. Fecal coliform levels in the Maule and Maipo Rivers ranged between 1 and 130 MPN/100-ml, and 2 and 30,000 MPN/100-ml, respectively. Based on the MST results using Cryptosporidium and Giardia host-specific species, human, cattle, birds, and/or dogs hosts were the probable sources of fecal contamination in both rivers, with human and cattle host-specific species being more frequently detected. Conditional tree analysis indicated that coliform levels were significantly associated with the river system (Maipo versus Maule), land use, and season. Fecal coliform levels were significantly (p < 0.006) higher at urban and agricultural sites than at sites immediately downstream of treatment centers, livestock areas, or natural areas. Three out of eight (37.5%) E. coli isolates presented a multidrug-resistance (MDR) phenotype. Similarly, 6.6% (117/1768) and 5.1% (44/863) of environmental isolates, in Maipo and Maule River showed and MDR phenotype. Efforts to reduce fecal discharge into these rivers should thus focus on agriculture and urban land uses as these areas were contributing the most and more frequently to fecal contamination into the rivers, while human and cattle fecal discharges were identified as the most likely source of this fecal contamination by the MST approach. This information can be used to design better mitigation strategies, thereby reducing the burden of waterborne diseases and AMR in Central Chile.
2022-11-04T16:58:11Z
2022-11-04T16:58:11Z
2022-11-04T16:58:11Z
2022-06-30
Article - Refereed
768527
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/112383
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.768527
13
35847115
1664-302X
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Chile
Frontiers
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/817602023-06-16T13:00:34Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_91436com_10919_5532com_10919_24235col_10919_70873col_10919_97229col_10919_24309
Zoospore exudates from Phytophthora nicotianae affect immune responses in Arabidopsis
Kong, Ping
McDowell, John M.
Hong, Chuanxue
School of Plant and Environmental Sciences
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
systemic acquired-resistance
downy mildew resistance
plant defensin gene
salicylic-acid
signaling pathways
hypersensitive response
peronospora-parasitica
microbe interactions
nonhost resistance
pathogens
2018-01-13T14:17:38Z
2018-01-13T14:17:38Z
2018-01-13T14:17:38Z
2017-06-29
Article - Refereed
1932-6203
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81760
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180523
12
6
McDowell, JM [0000-0002-9070-4874]
Hong, C [0000-0001-7389-5157]
en
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000404608300163&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
PLOS
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/895442022-03-20T20:22:47Zcom_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_24309
Biology, Ecology, and Management of Nonnative Ambrosia Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Ornamental Plant Nurseries
Ranger, Christopher M.
Reding, Michael E.
Schultz, Peter B.
Oliver, Jason B.
Frank, Steven D.
Addesso, Karla M.
Chong, Juang Hong
Sampson, Blair J.
Werle, Christopher T.
Gill, Stanton
Krause, Charles
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
Xylosandrus germanus
Xylosandrus crassiusculus
integrated pest management
ambrosia beetle
Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) and Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are two of the most damaging nonnative ambrosia beetle pests in ornamental plant nurseries. Adult females tunnel into the stems and branches of host plants to create galleries with brood chambers. Hosts are infected with symbiotic Ambrosiella spp. fungi that serve as food for the larvae and adults. Plants can also become infected with secondary opportunistic pathogens, including Fusarium spp. Both X. germanus and X. crassiusculus have broad host ranges, and infestations can result in "toothpicks" of extruded chewed wood and sap flow associated with gallery entrances, canopy dieback, stem and trunk cankers, and plant death. Beetles efficiently locate and preferentially attack living, weakened plants, especially those physiologically stressed by flooding, inadequate drainage, frost injury, or winter injury and low temperature. Maintaining plant health is the foundation of a management plan. Vulnerable hosts can be partially protected with preventive pyrethroid applications in the spring before peak flight and attack, which are monitored using ethanol-based trapping tactics.
2019-05-16T19:11:47Z
2019-05-16T19:11:47Z
2019-05-16T19:11:47Z
2016-01
Article - Refereed
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/89544
https://doi.org/10.1093/jipm/pmw005
7
1
2155-7470
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Entomological Society of America
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/817382024-03-13T14:09:16Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_70873col_10919_24309
Evaluation of OMRI-approved and conventional materials and mixtures for full season disease management on three apple cultivars, 2016
Yoder, Keith S.
Cochran, A. E. II
Royston, W. S. Jr.
Kilmer, S. W.
Engelman, A. G. F.
Kowalski, A. L.
Repass, J. K.
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
2018-01-12T04:40:31Z
2018-01-12T04:40:31Z
2018-01-12T04:40:31Z
2017-05
Presentation
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81738
11:PF006
en
http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/pdmr/reports/2017/PF007.pdf
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
APS
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/851272023-06-16T13:00:25Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_91436com_10919_5532com_10919_24235col_10919_70873col_10919_97229col_10919_24309
Innovative Cover Cropping Systems for Sandy Loam Soils in the Mid-Atlantic Region, USA
Reiter, Mark S.
Wolters, B. R.
Lawrence, C. E.
School of Plant and Environmental Sciences
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
2018-09-25T09:54:22Z
2018-09-25T09:54:22Z
2018-09-25T09:54:22Z
2018-09-25
Conference proceeding
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/85127
Reiter, MS [0000-0002-4891-0746]
en
21st ISTRO International Conference
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
United States
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1136852023-02-07T08:13:40Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_91436com_10919_5532com_10919_24235col_10919_70873col_10919_97229col_10919_24309
Planting date and cultivar selection to manage southern blight in potatoes in the mid-Atlantic United States
Garcia-Gonzalez, Jose
Mehl, Hillary L.
Langston, David B.
Rideout, Steven L.
Incidence of southern blight caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) has increased across the mid-Atlantic region. To date, no potato cultivar is resistant to southern blight, and effective management with fumigants and fungicides has been inconsistent and uneconomical. This study evaluated impacts of four planting dates, ten commercial cultivars, and integrated effects of planting date and cultivar on southern blight incidence, yield, and tuber quality. Disease incidence varied by year, with fewer occurrences in 2019 (25%) than in 2018 (79%) or 2017 (64%), likely due to dry and warm weather. Despite the planting date by cultivar interaction, later plantings had greater disease incidence (85–94%) and lower tuber yield (1.8–9.4 Mg ha-1) and quality (47–78% marketable tubers) than earlier plantings. Planting date effects were likely driven by humid, warm weather later in the season that was conducive to disease and detrimental to crop development. Though cultivar responses varied across planting date-years, ‘Accumulator’ had the lowest disease incidences (36%) and greatest tuber yield (20.2 Mg ha-1) among tested cultivars. Conversely, ‘Adirondack Blue’ and ‘Dark Red Norland’ had the overall greatest incidence of S. rolfsii (33–100%) while ‘Yukon Gold’ had the lowest yield (0.3–24.1 Mg ha-1). Potato chipping cultivars tended to be less impacted by S. rolfsii than fresh market cultivars; however, additional studies are needed to elucidate potential mechanisms of disease resistance. This study indicates early planting dates and cultivar selection are an effective management approach to reduce S. rolfsii incidence on potato and maximize tuber yield.
2023-02-06T15:57:03Z
2023-02-06T15:57:03Z
2023-02-06T15:57:03Z
2022-12-01
Article - Refereed
0261-2194
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/113685
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2022.106077
162
Rideout, Steven [0000-0001-9886-0428]
Langston, David [0000-0003-4130-584X]
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
United States
Elsevier
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/970582021-05-04T14:18:55Zcom_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_24309
Sampling Methods for Adventive Trissolcus japonicus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) in a Wild Tree Host of Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
Quinn, N. F.
Talamas, E. J.
Leskey, Tracy C.
Bergh, J. Christopher
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
biological control
parasitoids
invasive species
monitoring
Halyomorpha halys (Stal) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is an invasive pest that has established in much of the United States. Adventive populations of an effective Asian egg parasitoid of H. halys, Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), have been detected in several states, including Virginia, and its geographic range is expanding. Documenting changes in its distribution and abundance have thus become key research priorities. For these specific purposes, surveillance of T. japonicus over large geographic areas using sentinel H. halys egg masses may not be optimally efficient, and examination of alternative sampling tactics is warranted. In 2016, sentinel H. halys egg masses were deployed as vertical transects in the canopy of female Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Sapindales: Simaroubaceae) in Virginia. A brief follow-up study in 2016 using yellow sticky traps deployed in the same trees yielded captures of T. japonicus, leading to a comparison of vertical transects of sentinel eggs and yellow sticky traps in 2017. Both methods yielded T. japonicus detections only in the middle and upper tree canopies, whereas other known H. halys parasitoids were detected in the lower, middle, or upper canopies. Based on this information, a method for deploying yellow sticky traps in the middle canopy of H. halys host trees was assessed in 2017, yielding T. japonicus captures. A comparison of estimated time inputs revealed that traps were more efficient than sentinel eggs in this regard. Results are discussed in relation to the utility of each sampling method to address specific questions about the range expansion and ecology of T. japonicus.
2020-02-26T18:55:06Z
2020-02-26T18:55:06Z
2020-02-26T18:55:06Z
2019-08
Article - Refereed
0022-0493
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97058
https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz107
112
4
31038174
1938-291X
en
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
CC0 1.0 Universal
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/867962023-06-16T19:48:38Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_70873col_10919_24309
Evaluation of OMRI-approved and conventional products for disease management on three apple cultivars, 2017
Yoder, Keith S.
Cochran, Allen
Royston, William
Kilmer, Scott
Kowalski, Abby
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
2019-01-21T05:07:48Z
2019-01-21T05:07:48Z
2019-01-21T05:07:48Z
2018-05-01
Article - Refereed
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86796
12
Yoder, Keith [0000-0002-8154-9307]
en
https://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/PDMR/reports/2018/PF040.pdf
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
APS
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/961642021-10-08T16:43:34Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_78882col_10919_24309
Long-Lasting Insecticide Netting for Protecting Tree Stems from Attack by Ambrosia Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
Ranger, Christopher M.
Werle, Christopher T.
Schultz, Peter B.
Addesso, Karla M.
Oliver, Jason B.
Reding, Michael E.
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
Anisandrus maiche
Xylosandrus germanus
Scolytinae
long-lasting insecticide netting
deltamethrin
Ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are destructive wood-boring insects of horticultural trees. We evaluated long-lasting insecticide netting for protecting stems against ambrosia beetles. Container-grown eastern redbud, <i>Cercis canadensis</i>, trees were flood-stressed to induce ambrosia beetle attacks, and deltamethrin-treated netting was wrapped from the base of the stem vertically to the branch junction. Trees were deployed under field conditions in Ohio, Virginia, Tennessee, and Mississippi with the following treatments: (1) flooded tree; (2) flooded tree with untreated netting; (3) flooded tree with treated ‘standard mesh’ netting of 24 holes/cm<sup>2</sup>; (4) flooded tree with treated ‘fine mesh’ netting of 28 holes/cm<sup>2</sup>; and/or (5) non-flooded tree. Treated netting reduced attacks compared to untreated netting and/or unprotected trees in Mississippi in 2017, Ohio and Tennessee in 2018, and Virginia in 2017–2018. Inconsistent effects occurred in Mississippi in 2018. Fewer <i>Anisandrus maiche</i>, <i>Xylosandrus germanus</i>, and <i>Xyleborinus saxesenii</i> were dissected from trees deployed in Ohio protected with treated netting compared to untreated netting; trees deployed in other locations were not dissected. These results indicate long-lasting insecticide netting can provide some protection of trees from ambrosia beetle attacks.
2019-12-20T15:03:11Z
2019-12-20T15:03:11Z
2019-12-20T15:03:11Z
2019-12-20
Article - Refereed
Ranger, C.M.; Werle, C.T.; Schultz, P.B.; Addesso, K.M.; Oliver, J.B.; Reding, M.E. Long-Lasting Insecticide Netting for Protecting Tree Stems from Attack by Ambrosia Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Insects 2019, 11, 8.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/96164
https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11010008
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1138162023-02-14T08:11:40Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_70873col_10919_24309
Soybean Yield Response to Sulfur and Nitrogen Additions Across Diverse U.S. Environments
Brooks, Keren
Mourtzinis, Spyridon
Conley, Shawn P.
Reiter, Mark S.
Gaska, John
Holshouser, David Lee
Irby, Trent
Kleinjan, Jonathan
Knott, Carrie
Lee, Chad
Lindsey, Laura
Naeve, Seth
Ross, Jeremy
Singh, Maninder Pal
Vann, Rachel
Matcham, Emma
Soybean yield
As soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yields reach record highs, more nutrients are required to maintain these production levels. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) on soybean yield in diverse environments across the US. Data were collected from a total of 52 sites in ten states over two years (2019 and 2020) for this study. A factorial arrangement of three S rates (11, 22, and 33 kg S ha−1) utilizing two sources (ammonium sulfate and calcium sulfate) were broadcasted by hand at planting. Additionally, to examine the impact of N on soybean yield, urea was applied at 10, 20, and 29 kg N ha−1 to equal that supplied by ammonium sulfate. A zero-fertilizer control treatment was also included. Soil samples prior to fertilization as well as grain yield at R8 were collected and analyzed to understand what environmental conditions favor soybean response to S additions. Results indicated that soil and environmental factors are poor indicators of yield response to S and N additions. Yield responses to S and N additions were observed in yield environments averaging > 3,643 kg ha−1, but S did not limit yield in most environments (n = 49). Partial profit analysis was conducted at two soybean grain prices ($0.32 and $0.55 kg ha−1). Yield increases were only profitable at two site-years at the tested soybean grain prices. Overall results suggest that use of N and S fertilizers are rarely justified across diverse growing environments.
2023-02-13T15:51:56Z
2023-02-13T15:51:56Z
2023-02-13T15:51:56Z
2022-09
Article - Refereed
0002-1962
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/113816
https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.21216
Reiter, Mark [0000-0002-4891-0746]
Holshouser, David [0000-0002-8177-7414]
1435-0645
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
United States
Wiley
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1054022022-06-16T17:38:38Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_70873col_10919_78630col_10919_24309
Diversity and Dynamics of Salmonella enterica in Water Sources, Poultry Litters, and Field Soils Amended With Poultry Litter in a Major Agricultural Area of Virginia
Gu, Ganyu
Strawn, Laura K.
Zheng, Jie
Reed, Elizabeth A.
Rideout, Steven L.
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Microbiology
Salmonella distribution
prevalence
serovar
agricultural samples
environmental samples
foodborne pathogens
ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157H7
SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM
UNITED-STATES
CONTAMINATED MANURE
IRRIGATION WATER
EASTERN SHORE
RAW TOMATOES
RISK-FACTORS
NEWPORT
SURVIVAL
water sources
poultry litter
soil
0502 Environmental Science and Management
0503 Soil Sciences
0605 Microbiology
The Eastern Shore of Virginia (ESV) is a major agricultural region in Virginia and in the past has been linked to some tomato-associated outbreaks of salmonellosis. In this study, water samples were collected weekly from irrigation ponds and wells in four representative vegetable farms (Farms A–D, each farm paired with one pond and one well) and a creek as well. In addition, water samples from two sites in the Chesapeake Bay on the ESV were collected monthly. Poultry litter was sampled monthly from three commercial broiler farms. Soil samples were collected monthly after fertilization with poultry litter from 10 farms in 2014 and another 14 farms in 2015. A most probable number method was used to detect Salmonella enterica presence and concentration in collected samples. Presumptive Salmonella colonies were confirmed by the cross-streaking method. Molecular serotyping was carried out to determine the Salmonella serovars. The average prevalence of Salmonella in pond, well, creek, and bay water samples was 19.3, 3.3, 24.2, and 29.2%, respectively. There were significant spatial and temporal differences for Salmonella incidence in various water sources. The prevalence of S. enterica in four tested ponds from farms A, B, C, and D were 16, 12, 22, and 27%, respectively. While the prevalence of S. enterica in irrigation wells was significantly lower, some well water samples tested positive during the study. Salmonella Newport was found to be the predominant serovar isolated from water samples. All poultry houses of the three tested broiler farms were Salmonella-positive at certain sampling points during the study with prevalence ranging from 14.3 to 35.4%. Salmonella was found to be able to survive up to 4 months in poultry litter amended soils from the tested farms in 2014, and up to 6 months in 2015. This research examined the dynamics of S. enterica in relationship to water source, poultry litter, and amended soil in a major agricultural area, and provides useful information for food safety risk assessments.
2021-10-18T12:56:39Z
2021-10-18T12:56:39Z
2021-10-18T12:56:39Z
2019-12-17
Article - Refereed
1664-302X
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/105402
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02868
10
Gu, Ganyu [0000-0001-8434-8255]
Strawn, Laura [0000-0002-9523-0081]
Rideout, Steven [0000-0001-9886-0428]
31956319
1664-302X
en
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000505026700001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Virginia
United States
Frontiers
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/895592021-12-16T14:40:28Zcom_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_24309
Biology, Crop Injury, and Management of Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Infesting Cotton Seedlings in the United States
Cook, D.
Herbert, D. Ames Jr.
Akin, D. S.
Reed, J.
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
cotton
tobacco thrips
flower thrips
western flower thrips
biology
Several species of thrips are known to infest cotton seedlings in the United States and constitute one of the most common insect pest challenges for growers. The species complex, species abundance, extent of crop injury, and impact on lint yield varies widely across the cotton states. Cotton seedlings are most susceptible to thrips injury during the first 4 to 5 weeks after plant emergence. Feeding by thrips results in distortion, malformation and tearing of seedling leaves, reduced leaf area and plant height, reduced root growth, and injury to or death of the apical meristem, the latter of which leads to excessive vegetative branching. Plant maturity (i.e., fruit production) can be delayed and in extreme cases, losses of as much a 30-50% of lint yield potential have been reported. To date, no varieties of cotton have resistance to thrips, so controls are based solely on insecticide applications. Treatment thresholds and control practices (e.g., insecticide seed treatments, in-furrow or foliar applied insecticides) vary widely across cotton states. This article provides a brief summary of the various species of thrips present in U.S. cotton, their plant host range and injury to cotton, a general description of thrips biology, and management practices currently available to growers.
2019-05-17T15:36:28Z
2019-05-17T15:36:28Z
2019-05-17T15:36:28Z
2011-10-01
Article - Refereed
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/89559
https://doi.org/10.1603/IPM10024
2
2
2155-7470
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Entomological Society of America
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1173692024-01-17T03:02:05Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24230com_10919_5532com_10919_24235col_10919_70873col_10919_24305col_10919_24309
A Novel Insecticide, Isocycloseram, Shows Promise as an Alternative to Chlorpyrifos Against a Direct Pest of Peanut
Bekelja, Kyle
Malone, Sean
Mascarenhas, Victor
Taylor, Sally V.
Peanut pests
Insecticides
Larvae of the southern corn rootworm (SCR) Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) are primary pests of peanut in the Virginia-Carolina region of the United States, and are relatively sporadic pests in southern states such as Georgia, Alabama, and Florida. Peanuts have strict quality standards which, when they are not met, crop value is diminished by more than 65%. Management of direct pests like SCR is therefore crucial to maintaining the economic viability of the crop. The soil-dwelling nature of SCR larvae complicates management due to difficulties associated with monitoring and predicting infestations. Non-chemical management options are limited in this system; preventative insecticide applications are the most reliable management strategy for at-risk fields. Chlorpyrifos was the standard product for larval SCR management in peanut until its registration was revoked in 2022, leaving no effective chemical management option for larvae. We tested a novel insecticide, isocycloseram, for its ability to reduce pod scarring, pod penetration, and non-SCR pod damage in field studies conducted in Suffolk, Virginia in 2020 – 2022. Overall injury was low in 2020 and 2022, and in 2022 there was not a significant effect of treatment. In 2021, two simulated chemigation applications of isocycloseram in July significantly reduced pod scarring and overall pod injury relative to chlorpyrifos and the untreated control. Our results suggest that isocycloseram may become an effective option for managing SCR in peanut, although more work is needed to understand the mechanisms by which it is effective as a soil-applied insecticide.
2024-01-16T20:45:57Z
2024-01-16T20:45:57Z
2024-01-16T20:45:57Z
2024-01
Article - Refereed
https://hdl.handle.net/10919/117369
Bekelja, Kyle [0000-0002-1253-5577]
en
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1032512021-05-13T07:11:35Zcom_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_91436com_10919_5532com_10919_24235col_10919_78630col_10919_97229col_10919_24309
Minicell-based fungal RNAi delivery for sustainable crop protection
Islam, Md Tabibul
Davis, Zachery
Chen, Lisa
Englaender, Jacob
Zomorodi, Sepehr
Frank, Joseph
Bartlett, Kira
Somers, Elisabeth
Carballo, Sergio M.
Kester, Mark
Shakeel, Ameer
Pourtaheri, Payam
Sherif, Sherif M.
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
School of Plant and Environmental Sciences
Spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS) using topical dsRNA applications has risen as a promising, target-specific, and environmentally friendly disease management strategy against phytopathogenic fungi. However, dsRNA stability, efficacy, and scalability are still the main constraints facing SIGS broader application. Here we show that Escherichia coli-derived anucleated minicells can be utilized as a cost-effective, scalable platform for dsRNA production and encapsulation. We demonstrated that minicell-encapsulated dsRNA (ME-dsRNA) was shielded from RNase degradation and stabilized on strawberry surfaces, allowing dsRNA persistence in field-like conditions. ME-dsRNAs targeting chitin synthase class III (Chs3a, Chs3b) and DICER-like proteins (DCL1 and DCL2) genes of Botryotinia fuckeliana selectively knocked-down the target genes and led to significant fungal growth inhibition in vitro. We also observed a compensatory relationship between DCL1 and DCL2 gene transcripts, where the silencing of one gene upregulated the expression of the other. Contrary to naked-dsRNAs, ME-dsRNAs halted disease progression in strawberries for 12 days under greenhouse conditions. These results elucidate the potential of ME-dsRNAs to enable the commercial application of RNAi-based, species-specific biocontrols comparable in efficacy to conventional synthetics. ME-dsRNAs offer a platform that can readily be translated to large-scale production and deployed in open-field applications to control grey mould in strawberries.
2021-05-12T12:27:20Z
2021-05-12T12:27:20Z
2021-05-12T12:27:20Z
2021-02
Article - Refereed
1751-7915
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103251
https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.13699
33624940
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1045722022-03-20T20:22:47Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_70873col_10919_24309
Effects of group-size-floor space allowance during the nursery phase of production on future litter size and retention of sows through three parities
Callahan, Stuart Russell
Cross, A. J.
DeDecker, A. E.
Lindemann, M. D.
Estienne, Mark J.
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
floor space
litter size
nursery
pigs
retention
We previously reported that reduced floor space allowance caused by increasing the number of gilts per pen decreased growth and affected blood chemistry and immunology. The current objective was to determine effects of nursery group-size-floor space allowance on future litter sizes and retention in the breeding herd through three parities in sows. A 3 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments was employed with 2,537 gilts classified as large (6.92 ± 0.06 kg), medium (5.60 ± 0.06 kg), or small (4.42 ± 0.06 kg), and placed in nursery pens of 14, 11, or 8 pigs to allow 0.15, 0.19, or 0.27 m2 floor space/pig, respectively. After the nursery and grow-finish periods, 1,453 gilts selected for breeding were relocated to one of 11 sow farms. Total litter size and pigs born alive increased (P < 0.01) with increasing parity and total litter size was 12.94, 13.28, and 13.99 (SE = 0.13) and pigs born alive was 12.21, 12.64, and 13.23 (SE = 0.11) for Parities 1, 2, and 3, respectively. There was a tendency (P = 0.08) for a quadratic relationship of group-size-floor space allowance and total litter size (13.39, 13.54, and 13.27 [SE = 0.13] for gilts allowed 0.15, 0.19, or 0.27 m2 floor space/pig, respectively). A linear effect of size of pig at weaning (P = 0.03) on pigs born dead was detected and was 0.64, 0.75, and 0.75, for small, medium, and large size pigs, respectively. There was no effect of group-size-floor space allowance on the percentages of gilts completing zero (P = 0.36), one (P = 0.35), two (P = 0.32), or three (P = 0.50) parities. In contrast, the percentage of small gilts that failed to complete one parity was greater (P < 0.05) and the percentage completing one parity (P < 0.05) was less than for either large or medium gilts. Abortion rate was greater (P < 0.01) in gilts classified as small (2.51%) or medium (1.36%) at weaning compared with those classified as large (0.20%). Size at weaning did not affect the proportion of gilts completing two (P = 0.88) or three (P = 0.72) parities. Group-size-floor space allowance during the nursery phase of production did not have remarkable effects on future litter sizes or retention in sows. Likewise, size of pig at weaning did not affect litter size and pigs born alive. Compared with larger pigs, however, more pigs classified as small at weaning and entering the breeding herd did not complete a parity and displayed a greater abortion rate.
2021-08-04T14:54:25Z
2021-08-04T14:54:25Z
2021-08-04T14:54:25Z
2020-01-01
Article - Refereed
2573-2102
PMC6994084 (pmc)
txz161 (PII)
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104572
https://doi.org/10.1093/TAS/TXZ161
4
1
32704989 (pubmed)
2573-2102
en
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32704989
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Oxford University Press
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/793452021-10-08T16:43:34Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_78882col_10919_24309
Upregulation of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K) Enhances Ethylene Biosynthesis and Accelerates Flower Senescence in Transgenic Nicotiana tabacum L.
Dek, Mohd Sabri Pak
Padmanabhan, Priya
Sherif, Sherif M.
Subramanian, Jayasankar
Paliyath, and Gopinadhan
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase 1
tobacco flower
senescence
overexpression
ethylene signal transduction
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is a key enzyme that phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol at 3’-hydroxyl position of the inositol head group initiating the generation of several phosphorylated phosphatidylinositols, collectively referred to as phosphoinositides. The function of PI3K in plant senescence and ethylene signal transduction process was studied by expression of <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> PI3K<i> </i>in transgenic<i> Nicotiana tabacum</i>, and delineating its effect on flower senescence. Detached flowers of transgenic tobacco plants with overexpressed <i>Sl</i>-<i>PI3K </i>(OX) displayed accelerated senescence and reduced longevity, when compared to the flowers of wild type plants. Flowers from PI3K-overexpressing plants showed enhanced ethylene production and upregulated expression of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase 1 (<i>ACO1</i>). Real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis showed that <i>PI3K</i> was expressed at a higher level in OX flowers than in the control. Seedlings of OX-lines also demonstrated a triple response phenotype with characteristic exaggerated apical hook, shorter hypocotyls and increased sensitivity to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate than the control wild type seedlings. In floral tissue from OX-lines, <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase green fluorescent protein<i> </i>(PI3K-GFP) chimera protein was localized primarily in stomata, potentially in cytoplasm and membrane adjacent to stomatal pores in the guard cells. Immunoblot analysis of PI3K expression in OX lines demonstrated increased protein level compared to the control. Results of the present study suggest that PI3K plays a crucial role in senescence by enhancing ethylene biosynthesis and signaling.
2017-09-20T18:34:29Z
2017-09-20T18:34:29Z
2017-09-20T18:34:29Z
2017-07-15
Article - Refereed
Dek, M.S.P.; Padmanabhan, P.; Sherif, S.; Subramanian, J.; Paliyath, G. Upregulation of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K) Enhances Ethylene Biosynthesis and Accelerates Flower Senescence in Transgenic Nicotiana tabacum L.. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 1533.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79345
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18071533
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/933252020-10-12T19:11:33Zcom_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_24309
Performance of Cold Chains for Chesapeake Bay Farmed Oysters and Modeled Growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Love, David C.
Lane, Robert M.
Davis, Benjamin J. K.
Clancy, Kate
Fry, Jillian P.
Harding, Jamie
Hudson, Bobbi
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
Cold chain
Oyster
Shellfish
Supply chain
Temperature
Vibrio
Temperature-controlled supply chains (cold chains) require an unbroken chain of refrigeration to maintain product quality and safety. This study investigated cold chains for farmed oysters raised in the Chesapeake Bay, one of the largest shellfish-growing regions in the United States, and sold live to the half-shell market in surrounding states. Temperature sensors were used in boxes of oysters from February to September 2017, which generated 5,250 h of temperature data. Thirty-nine businesses participated in the temperature sensor study, and 26 of those businesses participated in interviews to further understand how cold chains function. Internal oyster temperatures were measured above 50 degrees F (10 degrees C) for over 1 h in 19% (7 of 36) of shipments, which is a temperature that exceeds National Shellfish Sanitation Program criteria. The highest internal oyster temperature recorded in any shipment was 54.5 degrees F (12.5 degrees C). Some parts of the cold chain had difficulty maintaining storage temperatures below 45 degrees F (7.2 degrees C) in warmer months when Vibrio control plans were in effect. We modeled the effects of temperature on Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The model predicted moderate bacterial growth before oysters were under temperature control, but cold chains prevented further bacterial growth and provided a moderate drop-off in V. parahaemolyticus abundance.
2019-08-30T17:00:08Z
2019-08-30T17:00:08Z
2019-08-30T17:00:08Z
2019-01
Article - Refereed
0362-028X
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/93325
https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-18-044
82
1
30702938
1944-9097
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1172272023-12-20T03:02:38Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_70873col_10919_24309
Enhancement of phenolics extraction from red algae (Kappaphycus spp.) using solid-state fermentation
Norakma, M. N.
Zaibunnisa, A. H.
Wan Razarinah, W. A. R.
Zarei, Mohammad
Sobah, A.
Hamid, N.
Astuti, P. D.
Phenolics
Red algae
The effects of solid-state fermentation (SSF) on microbial growth contribute to the bio-enrichment and availability of phenolic compounds in different varieties of Kappaphycus spp. red algae through the action of hydrolytic enzymes produced are investigated. Three different red algae samples were used; K. striatum var. green flower (GF), K. alvarezii var. white giant (WG) and K. alvarezii var. purple giant (PG). SSF was performed using A. oryzae for 0 to 6 days at 30°C. Results obtained demonstrated that the highest (p<0.05) extraction of phenolics (10.022 mg GAE/g and 14.90 mg CE/g), and antioxidant properties (72.47% activity of DPPH radical scavenging and 18.23 mM/g FRAP value respectively) was obtained for GF sample at day 4 of fermentation. Cellulase, β-glucosidase, and xylanase were found to be responsible for enhancing phenolics and antioxidant activity of WG and GF varieties by releasing bound phenolics. However, for the PG sample, β-glucosidase showed a significant relationship with TPC and antioxidant activity.
2023-12-19T20:00:15Z
2023-12-19T20:00:15Z
2023-12-19T20:00:15Z
2023-11-11
Article - Refereed
2550-2166
https://hdl.handle.net/10919/117227
https://doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.7(S4).13
7
Supplementary 4
Zarei, Mohammad [0000-0003-1573-347X]
2550-2166
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Rynnye Lyan Resources
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/931962022-01-07T14:18:54Zcom_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_78630col_10919_24309
Public, animal, and environmental health implications of aquaculture
Garrett, E. Spencer
dos Santos, Carlos Lima
Jahncke, Michael L.
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
aquaculture
Aquaculture is important to the United States and the world's fishery system. Both import and export markets for aquaculture products will expand and increase as research begins to remove physiologic and other animal husbandry barriers. Overfishing of wild stock will necessitate supplementation and replenishment through aquaculture. The aquaculture industry must have a better understanding of the impact of the ''shrouded'' public and animal health issues: technology ignorance, abuse, and neglect. Cross-pollination and cross-training of public health and aquaculture personnel in the effect of public health, animal health, and environmental health on aquaculture are also needed. Future aquaculture development programs require an integrated Gestalt public health approach to ensure that aquaculture does not cause unacceptable risks to public or environmental health and negate the potential economic and nutritional benefits of aquaculture.
2019-08-20T19:16:47Z
2019-08-20T19:16:47Z
2019-08-20T19:16:47Z
1997-10
Article - Refereed
1080-6040
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/93196
https://doi.org/10.3201/eid0304.970406
3
4
9366596
1080-6059
en
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1108292022-06-18T07:12:30Zcom_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_24309
Linking soil microbial community structure to potential carbon mineralization: A continental scale assessment of reduced tillage
Rieke, Elizabeth L.
Cappellazzi, Shannon B.
Cope, Michael
Liptzin, Daniel
Mac Bean, G.
Greub, Kelsey L. H.
Norris, Charlotte E.
Tracy, Paul W.
Aberle, Ezra
Ashworth, Amanda
Banuelos Tavarez, Oscar
Bary, Andy, I
Baumhardt, R. L.
Borbon Gracia, Alberto
Brainard, Daniel C.
Brennan, Jameson R.
Briones Reyes, Dolores
Bruhjell, Darren
Carlyle, Cameron N.
Crawford, James J. W.
Creech, Cody F.
Culman, Steve W.
Deen, Bill
Dell, Curtis J.
Derner, Justin D.
Ducey, Thomas F.
Duiker, Sjoerd W.
Dyck, Miles F.
Ellert, Benjamin H.
Espinosa Solorio, Avelino
Fonte, Steven J.
Fonteyne, Simon
Fortuna, Ann-Marie
Foster, Jamie L.
Fultz, Lisa M.
Gamble, Audrey, V
Geddes, Charles M.
Griffin-LaHue, Deirdre
Grove, John H.
Hamilton, Stephen K.
Hao, Xiying
Hayden, Zachary D.
Honsdorf, Nora
Howe, Julie A.
Ippolito, James A.
Johnson, Gregg A.
Kautz, Mark A.
Kitchen, Newell R.
Kumar, Sandeep
Kurtz, Kirsten S. M.
Larney, Francis J.
Lewis, Katie L.
Liebman, Matt
Lopez Ramirez, Antonio
Machado, Stephen
Maharjan, Bijesh
Martinez Gamino, Miguel Angel
May, William E.
McClaran, Mitchel P.
McDaniel, Marshall D.
Millar, Neville
Mitchell, Jeffrey P.
Moore, Amber D.
Moore, Philip A.
Mora Gutierrez, Manuel
Nelson, Kelly A.
Omondi, Emmanuel C.
Osborne, Shannon L.
Osorio Alcala, Leodegario
Owens, Philip
Pena-Yewtukhiw, Eugenia M.
Poffenbarger, Hanna J.
Ponce Lira, Brenda
Reeve, Jennifer R.
Reinbott, Timothy M.
Reiter, Mark S.
Ritchey, Edwin L.
Roozeboom, Kraig L.
Rui, Yichao
Sadeghpour, Amir
Sainju, Upendra M.
Sanford, Gregg R.
Schillinger, William F.
Schindelbeck, Robert R.
Schipanski, Meagan E.
Schlegel, Alan J.
Scow, Kate M.
Sherrod, Lucretia A.
Shober, Amy L.
Sidhu, Sudeep S.
Solis Moya, Ernesto
St Luce, Mervin
Strock, Jeffrey S.
Suyker, Andrew E.
Sykes, Virginia R.
Tao, Haiying
Trujillo Campos, Alberto
Van Eerd, Laura L.
Verhulst, Nele
Vyn, Tony J.
Wang, Yutao
Watts, Dexter B.
William, Bryan B.
Wright, David L.
Zhang, Tiequan
Morgan, Cristine L. S.
Honeycutt, C. Wayne
Microbial community
Potential carbon mineralization
Tillage
Soil health
Potential carbon mineralization (Cmin) is a commonly used indicator of soil health, with greater Cmin values interpreted as healthier soil. While Cmin values are typically greater in agricultural soils managed with minimal physical disturbance, the mechanisms driving the increases remain poorly understood. This study assessed bacterial and archaeal community structure and potential microbial drivers of Cmin in soils maintained under various degrees of physical disturbance. Potential carbon mineralization, 16S rRNA sequences, and soil characterization data were collected as part of the North American Project to Evaluate Soil Health Measurements (NAPESHM). Results showed that type of cropping system, intensity of physical disturbance, and soil pH influenced microbial sensitivity to physical disturbance. Furthermore, 28% of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), which were important in modeling Cmin, were enriched under soils managed with minimal physical disturbance. Sequences identified as enriched under minimal disturbance and important for modeling Cmin, were linked to organisms which could produce extracellular polymeric substances and contained metabolic strategies suited for tolerating environmental stressors. Understanding how physical disturbance shapes microbial communities across climates and inherent soil properties and drives changes in Cmin provides the context necessary to evaluate management impacts on standardized measures of soil microbial activity.
2022-06-17T12:48:55Z
2022-06-17T12:48:55Z
2022-06-17T12:48:55Z
2022-05
Article - Refereed
0038-0717
108618
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/110829
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2022.108618
168
1879-3428
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Pergamon-Elsevier
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1126822022-11-22T08:13:16Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_70873col_10919_24309
Shiga Toxin Subtypes, Serogroups, Phylogroups, RAPD Genotypic Diversity, and Select Virulence Markers of Shiga-Toxigenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Strains from Goats in Mid-Atlantic US
Ndegwa, Eunice
O'Brien, Dahlia
Matthew, Kwame
Wang, Zhenping
Kim, Jimin
STEC
Shiga toxin subtypes
goats
phylogroups
serogroups
virulence genes
Digestive Diseases
Understanding Shiga toxin subtypes in <i>E. coli</i> from reservoir hosts may give insight into their significance as human pathogens. The data also serve as an epidemiological tool for source tracking. We characterized Shiga toxin subtypes in 491 goat <i>E. coli</i> isolates (STEC) from the mid-Atlantic US region (<i>stx1</i> = 278, <i>stx2</i> = 213, and <i>stx1</i>/<i>stx2</i> = 95). Their serogroups, phylogroups, M13RAPD genotypes, <i>eae</i> (intimin), and <i>hly</i> (hemolysin) genes were also evaluated. STEC-positive for <i>stx1</i> harbored <i>Stx1c</i> (79%), <i>stx1a</i> (21%), and <i>stx a</i>/<i>c</i> (4%). Those positive for <i>Stx2</i> harbored <i>stx2a</i> (55%) and <i>Stx2b</i> (32%), while <i>stx2a/stx2d</i> and <i>stx2a/stx2b</i> were each 2%. Among the 343 STEC that were serogrouped, 46% (n = 158) belonged to O8, 20% (n = 67) to 076, 12% (n = 42) to O91, 5% (n = 17) to O5, and 5% (n = 18) to O26. Less than 5% belonged to O78, O87, O146, and O103. The <i>hly</i> and <i>eae</i> genes were detected in 48% and 14% of STEC, respectively. Most belonged to phylogroup B1 (73%), followed by D (10%), E (8%), A (4%), B2 (4%), and F (1%). M13RAPD genotyping revealed clonality of 091, O5, O87, O103, and O78 but higher diversity in the O8, O76, and O26 serogroups. These results indicate goat STEC belonged to important non-O157 STEC serogroups, were genomically diverse, and harbored Shiga toxin subtypes associated with severe human disease.
2022-11-21T13:07:11Z
2022-11-21T13:07:11Z
2022-11-21T13:07:11Z
2022-09-15
Article - Refereed
2076-2607
PMC9505625
microorganisms10091842 (PII)
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/112682
https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10091842
10
9
36144444
2076-2607
en
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36144444
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/867982023-06-16T19:48:38Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_70873col_10919_24309
Scab and broad spectrum disease control by fungicides first applied to Fuji apple at petal fall, 2017
Yoder, Keith S.
Cochran, Allen
Royston, William
Kilmer, Scott
Kowalski, Abby
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
2019-01-21T05:23:52Z
2019-01-21T05:23:52Z
2019-01-21T05:23:52Z
2018-05-01
Article - Refereed
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86798
12
Yoder, Keith [0000-0002-8154-9307]
en
https://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/PDMR/reports/2018/PF018.pdf
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
APS
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1109092023-11-29T19:09:25Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_5540com_10919_91436com_10919_5532com_10919_24235col_10919_78882col_10919_71752col_10919_97229col_10919_24309
Fall Applications of Ethephon Modulates Gene Networks Controlling Bud Development during Dormancy in Peach (Prunus Persica)
Liu, Jianyang
Islam, Md Tabibul
Laliberte, Suzanne
Haak, David C.
Sherif, Sherif M.
Ethephon (ET) is an ethylene-releasing plant growth regulator (PGR) that can delay the bloom time in Prunus, thus reducing the risk of spring frost, which is exacerbated by global climate change. However, the adoption of ET is hindered by its detrimental effects on tree health. Little knowledge is available regarding the mechanism of how ET shifts dormancy and flowering phenology in peach. This study aimed to further characterize the dormancy regulation network at the transcriptional level by profiling the gene expression of dormant peach buds from ET-treated and untreated trees using RNA-Seq data. The results revealed that ET triggered stress responses during endodormancy, delaying biological processes related to cell division and intercellular transportation, which are essential for the floral organ development. During ecodormancy, ET mainly impeded pathways related to antioxidants and cell wall formation, both of which are closely associated with dormancy release and budburst. In contrast, the expression of dormancy-associated MADS (DAM) genes remained relatively unaffected by ET, suggesting their conserved nature. The findings of this study signify the importance of floral organogenesis during dormancy and shed light on several key processes that are subject to the influence of ET, therefore opening up new avenues for the development of effective strategies to mitigate frost risks.
2022-06-23T18:51:32Z
2022-06-23T18:51:32Z
2022-06-23T18:51:32Z
2022-06-18
Article - Refereed
Liu, J.; Islam, M.T.; Laliberte, S.; Haak, D.C.; Sherif, S.M. Fall Applications of Ethephon Modulates Gene Networks Controlling Bud Development during Dormancy in Peach (Prunus Persica). Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 6801.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/110909
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126801
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1100772023-02-22T20:35:53Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_91436com_10919_5532com_10919_24235col_10919_78882col_10919_97229col_10919_24309
Evaluation of Industrial Hemp Seed Treatments for Management of Damping-Off for Enhanced Stand Establishment
Mayton, Hilary
Amirkhani, Masoume
Loos, Michael
Johnson, Burton
Fike, John H.
Johnson, Chuck
Myers, Kevin
Starr, Jennifer
Bergstrom, Gary C.
Taylor, Alan
The purpose of this research was to collect efficacy data on biological, biochemical, and chemical fungicide seed treatments on hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.) to mitigate damping-off and enhance field stand establishment. Seed treatments were evaluated in fields in New York (NY), North Dakota (ND), and Virginia (VA) and at two planting dates in each state in 2020. A single seed lot of a dual-purpose (fiber + grain) cultivar (‘Anka’) was treated using a laboratory-scale rotary pan coater. Five biological, two biochemical, and four chemical seed treatments were tested. A laboratory germination test revealed that seed treatments did not exhibit phytotoxicity when compared to the non-treated control. A laboratory bioassay with naturally infested soil was used to assess the preliminary activity of seed treatments for protection against damping-off. The biochemical seed treatment Ultim<sup>®</sup> (active ingredient; organic copper) performed as well as the chemical treatments Apron XL<sup>®</sup> + Maxim<sup>®</sup> 4FS and Mertect<sup>®</sup> 340F in preventing damping-off whereas the biological treatments did not differ from the non-treated control in terms of disease incidence. In all field tests, biological seed treatments did not improve plant stands compared to the non-treated control. Biochemical seed treatments Prudent 44<sup>®</sup> with Nutrol<sup><b>®</b></sup> (active ingredient; phosphite) and Ultim<sup>®</sup>, along with chemical seed treatments, had acceptable efficacy and improved stand establishment compared to the non-treated control across field locations. Based on efficacy results from laboratory and field trials, the copper seed treatment has potential for both conventional and organic hemp production.
2022-05-13T12:20:33Z
2022-05-13T12:20:33Z
2022-05-13T12:20:33Z
2022-04-23
Article - Refereed
Mayton, H.; Amirkhani, M.; Loos, M.; Johnson, B.; Fike, J.; Johnson, C.; Myers, K.; Starr, J.; Bergstrom, G.C.; Taylor, A. Evaluation of Industrial Hemp Seed Treatments for Management of Damping-Off for Enhanced Stand Establishment. Agriculture 2022, 12, 591.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/110077
https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12050591
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/737182023-06-16T19:48:39Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_5523com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_70873col_10919_5548col_10919_24309
Soil bacteria as sources of virulence signal providers promoting plant infection by Phytophthora pathogens
Kong, P.
Hong, C.
Virginia Cooperative Extension (VCE)
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
arabidopsis-thaliana
effector proteins
irrigation water
cinnamomi
bacillus
rhizosphere
induction
diversity
oomycete
potato
2016-12-19T16:02:26Z
2016-12-19T16:02:26Z
2016-12-19T16:02:26Z
2016-09-12
Article - Refereed
2045-2322
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73718
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep33239
6
en
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000382865500001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Nature Publishing Group
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/494412023-06-16T13:00:35Zcom_10919_91436com_10919_5532com_10919_24235col_10919_97229col_10919_24309
Effects of horticultural oils on the photosynthesis, fruit maturity, and crop yield of winegrapes
Finger, Sarah A.
Wolf, Tony K.
Baudoin, Antonius B.
School of Plant and Environmental Sciences
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
horticultural oil
photosynthesis
crop yield components
powdery mildew
NAR
uncinula necator
powdery mildew
triadimefon
Temperature
grapevines
biotechnology & applied microbiology
food science & technology
horticulture
The effects of horticultural oils on grapevine photosynthesis, fruit maturity, and crop yield components in field experiments were evaluated. Three applications of a 1.5% (v/v) oil/water emulsion were made to Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon vine canopies at 6200 L/Ha (Chardonnay) and 2440 L/Ha (Cabernet Sauvignon) in 1998 using several horticultural oils. Net assimilation rates (NAR) and fruit soluble solids concentrations (SSC) were reduced in both cultivars by all oils, as compared to the control. In addition, berry weights, cluster weights, crop per vine, and vine pruning weights were all reduced by oil treatments to Chardonnay vines. Experiments in 1999 sought to determine if reduced spray volumes or applications to only the fruit zone minimized reductions in NAR and SSC. Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon were treated twice with JMS Stylet-Oil(TM) (1.5%) using 5600 L/Ha or 1870 L/Ha applied to the whole canopy or 930 L/Ha applied only to the fruit zone. The NAR of 5600 L/Ha-treated Cabernet Sauvignon was significantly lower than the NAIR of 1870 L/Ha oil-treated vines on three of four subsequent measurement dates. The NAR of Chardonnay in either the 1870 or 5600 L/Ha whole canopy oil treatments was significantly lower than the NAR of the water treatment at all measurement dates. Oil application to only the fruit zone (930 L/Ha) reduced the negative impact on NAR. Cabernet Sauvignon fruit SSC was consistently reduced by the 5600 L/Ha and 1870 L/Ha treatments, relative to the water-treated control. Similarly, the SSC of Chardonnay fruit in the 1870 and 5600 L/Ha treatments was consistently reduced compared to controls. Oil effects on fruit pH and titratable acidity were occasionally observed. While horticultural oils may serve as effective fungicides, our results highlight the potential negative impacts they can have on fruit composition and fruitfulness if used excessively.
2014-07-10T13:56:42Z
2014-07-10T13:56:42Z
2014-07-10T13:56:42Z
2002
Article - Refereed
Finger, S. A.; Wolf, T. K.; Baudoin, A. B., "Effects of horticultural oils on the photosynthesis, fruit maturity, and crop yield of winegrapes," Am. J. Enol. Vitic 2002 vol. 53 no. 2 116-124. http://ajevonline.org/content/53/2/116.abstract
0002-9254
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49441
http://ajevonline.org/content/53/2/116.abstract
en
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
American Society for Enology and Viticulture
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1035502021-06-02T07:12:35Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_91436com_10919_5532com_10919_24235col_10919_18629col_10919_97229col_10919_24309
Multiplexed SSR marker analysis of Diplocarpon coronariae reveals clonality within samples from Middle Europe and genetic distance from Asian and North American isolates
Oberhänsli, Thomas
Dalbosco, Anna
Leschenne, Virginie
Bohr, Anne
Buchleither, Sascha
Tamm, Lucius
Wille, Lukas
Aćimović, Srđan G.
Khodadadi, Fatemeh
Ryu, Young-Hyun
Studer, Bruno
Schärer, Hans-Jakob
Patocchi, Andrea
School of Plant and Environmental Sciences
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
Background
Apple blotch (AB) caused by Diplocarpon coronariae (Dc) has been established in Europe since 2010. AB is a serious apple disease, mostly in low input orchards and in cider production areas in Northern Italy, Switzerland, Austria and Germany. However, the epidemiology and population genetic structure of this pathogen is unknown.
Methods
We developed twelve Dc-specific microsatellite markers and screened DNA of both pure fungal isolates and infected apple leaves. The marker data of 313 European samples of Dc were compared to Dc isolates from Asia (n = 7) and the USA (n = 3).
Results
We found 31 distinct multilocus genotypes (MLGs) in European samples, and seven additional MLGs in the Asian and USA samples. The European samples had the typical genetic signature of a recently introduced species including high clonality, a low number of private alleles and one dominant MLG across all the sampling sites. All European MLGs were genetically distant from those MLGs of Asian and USA origin. Based on the lack of linkage disequilibrium observed, there is evidence that Dc undergoes regular cycles of sexual recombination in the European population, although the sexual stage (apothecia) has not been observed in Europe.
Conclusions
The twelve newly developed SSR markers reported here provide a useful tool to characterize the population genetic diversity and structure of Dc in Europe. Our study supports the hypothesis that Dc is a recently introduced pathogen in Europe, but of currently unknown origin. Dc has a large effective population size during field epidemics, so we believe that the pathogen has substantial evolutionary potential. Application of the SSR markers to large-scale and diverse Dc samples will help to better understand the epidemiology of AB, which has become a global apple disease, and will help guide effective mitigation strategies based on disease management and resistance breeding.
2021-06-01T11:42:04Z
2021-06-01T11:42:04Z
2021-06-01T11:42:04Z
2021-05-29
Article - Refereed
CABI Agriculture and Bioscience. 2021 May 29;2(1):21
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103550
https://doi.org/10.1186/s43170-021-00039-6
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Author(s)
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1178042024-02-01T10:13:07Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24227com_10919_5532com_10919_24235col_10919_78882col_10919_24302col_10919_24309
Pre-Harvest Corn Grain Moisture Estimation Using Aerial Multispectral Imagery and Machine Learning Techniques
Jjagwe, Pius
Chandel, Abhilash K.
Langston, David
Corn grain moisture (CGM) is critical to estimate grain maturity status and schedule harvest. Traditional methods for determining CGM range from manual scouting, destructive laboratory analyses, and weather-based dry down estimates. Such methods are either time consuming, expensive, spatially inaccurate, or subjective, therefore they are prone to errors or limitations. Realizing that precision harvest management could be critical for extracting the maximum crop value, this study evaluates the estimation of CGM at a pre-harvest stage using high-resolution (1.3 cm/pixel) multispectral imagery and machine learning techniques. Aerial imagery data were collected in the 2022 cropping season over 116 experimental corn planted plots. A total of 24 vegetation indices (VIs) were derived from imagery data along with reflectance (REF) information in the blue, green, red, red-edge, and near-infrared imaging spectrum that was initially evaluated for inter-correlations as well as subject to principal component analysis (PCA). VIs including the Green Normalized Difference Index (GNDVI), Green Chlorophyll Index (GCI), Infrared Percentage Vegetation Index (IPVI), Simple Ratio Index (SR), Normalized Difference Red-Edge Index (NDRE), and Visible Atmospherically Resistant Index (VARI) had the highest correlations with CGM (r: 0.68–0.80). Next, two state-of-the-art statistical and four machine learning (ML) models (Stepwise Linear Regression (SLR), Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and K-nearest neighbor (KNN)), and their 120 derivates (six ML models × two input groups (REFs and REFs+VIs) × 10 train–test data split ratios (starting 50:50)) were formulated and evaluated for CGM estimation. The CGM estimation accuracy was impacted by the ML model and train-test data split ratio. However, the impact was not significant for the input groups. For validation over the train and entire dataset, RF performed the best at a 95:5 split ratio, and REFs+VIs as the input variables (r<sub>train</sub>: 0.97, rRMSE<sub>train</sub>: 1.17%, r<sub>entire</sub>: 0.95, rRMSE<sub>entire</sub>: 1.37%). However, when validated for the test dataset, an increase in the train–test split ratio decreased the performances of the other ML models where SVM performed the best at a 50:50 split ratio (r = 0.70, rRMSE = 2.58%) and with REFs+VIs as the input variables. The 95:5 train–test ratio showed the best performance across all the models, which may be a suitable ratio for relatively smaller or medium-sized datasets. RF was identified to be the most stable and consistent ML model (r: 0.95, rRMSE: 1.37%). Findings in the study indicate that the integration of aerial remote sensing and ML-based data-run techniques could be useful for reliably predicting CGM at the pre-harvest stage, and developing precision corn harvest scheduling and management strategies for the growers.
2024-02-01T14:33:11Z
2024-02-01T14:33:11Z
2024-02-01T14:33:11Z
2023-12-18
Article - Refereed
Jjagwe, P.; Chandel, A.K.; Langston, D. Pre-Harvest Corn Grain Moisture Estimation Using Aerial Multispectral Imagery and Machine Learning Techniques. Land 2023, 12, 2188.
https://hdl.handle.net/10919/117804
https://doi.org/10.3390/land12122188
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/867922023-06-16T19:48:38Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_70873col_10919_24309
Disease control by experimental and registered fungicides and mixed schedules on Golden Delicious and Idared apples, 2017
Yoder, Keith S.
Cochran, Allen
Royston, William
Kilmer, Scott
Kowalski, Abby
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
2019-01-21T01:07:34Z
2019-01-21T01:07:34Z
2019-01-21T01:07:34Z
2018-05-01
Article - Refereed
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86792
12
PF017
Yoder, Keith [0000-0002-8154-9307]
en
https://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/PDMR/reports/2018/PF017.pdf
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
APS
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1129842023-08-30T19:29:26Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_91436com_10919_5532com_10919_24235col_10919_78882col_10919_97229col_10919_24309
Multilocation Evaluation of Virginia and Runner-Type Peanut Cultivars for Yield and Grade in Virginia-Carolina Region
Kumar, Naveen
Haak, David C.
Dunne, Jeffrey C.
Balota, Maria
The peanut is mostly grown in semi-arid tropical regions of the world, characterized by unpredictable rainfall amounts and distribution. Average annual precipitation in the Virginia–Carolina (VC) region is around 1300 mm; however, unpredictable distribution can result in significant periods of water deficit and subsequent reduction in yield and gross income. The development of new peanut cultivars with high yield and acceptable levels of yield stability across various water-availability scenarios is an important component of the peanut breeding program in Virginia and the Carolinas, where the large-seeded Virginia-type peanut is the predominantly grown market type. In addition, the simultaneous use of runner cultivars developed in the dryer southeastern region has been proposed as a practical solution to limited irrigation availability in the VC region. Still, the identification and adequate utilization of available commercial cultivars with the best combination of yield, drought tolerance, and gross income is more immediately beneficial to the peanut industry, yet this assessment has not been carried out to date. The aim of this study was to identify cultivars that maintain high yield and grade, therefore gross income, across a wide range of environmental conditions. We evaluated five commercially available Virginia and runner-type peanut cultivars for pod yield stability using multilocation trials over four years across 13 environments. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and different stability approaches were used to study genotype (G), environment (E), and their interaction (G × E) on pod yield. Pod yield stability was specifically assessed by using the Lin and Binn approach, Wricke’s ecovalence, Shukla’s stability, and the Finlay–Wilkinson approach. The combined analysis of variance showed highly significant effects (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) for genotypes, environments, and G × E for pod yield. The environments varied in yield (2840–8020 kg/ha). Bailey, Sullivan, and Wynne are Virginia-type cultivars. The grade factors SMK, SS, and TK changed with water regime within both market types. Among the runner cultivars, TUFRunner 297 presented high mean productivity; however, it showed specific adaptation to limited environmental conditions. Based on different stability approaches, this study concludes that Sullivan and Bailey are the most stable and adaptable cultivars across the testing environments, whereas Wynne exhibited specific adaptability to some environments. These findings have important implications for peanut cultivar recommendations in terms of meeting peanut industry standards for yield, grading quality, and breeding progress.
2022-12-22T14:59:50Z
2022-12-22T14:59:50Z
2022-12-22T14:59:50Z
2022-12-16
Article - Refereed
Kumar, N.; Haak, D.C.; Dunne, J.C.; Balota, M. Multilocation Evaluation of Virginia and Runner -Type Peanut Cultivars for Yield and Grade in Virginia-Carolina Region. Agronomy 2022, 12, 3206.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/112984
https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123206
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Virginia
North Carolina
United States
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/978782020-06-08T06:31:30Zcom_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_24309
Host Plant Effects on Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Nymphal Development and Survivorship
Acebes-Doria, Angelita L.
Leskey, Tracy C.
Bergh, J. Christopher
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
host plant suitability
brown marmorated stink bug
mixed diet
polyphagy
nymph
Halyomorpha halys (Stal) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a highly polyphagous invasive species and an important pest of orchard crops in the United States. In the Mid-Atlantic region, wild hosts of H. halys are common in woodlands that often border orchards, and H. halys movement from them into orchards poses ongoing management issues. To improve our understanding of host plant effects on H. halys populations at the orchard-woodland interface, nymphal survivorship, developmental duration, and adult fitness (size and fresh weight) on apple (Malus domestica Borkh.), peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch), Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle), and northern catalpa (Catalpa speciosa (Warder)) were examined in laboratory studies. Specifically, we investigated nymphal performance on the foliage and fruiting structures of those hosts and on single-versus mixed-host diets, as well as the effects of host phenology on their suitability. Nymphal performance was poor on a diet of foliage alone, regardless of host. When fruiting structures were combined with foliage, peach was highly suitable for nymphal development and survivorship, whereas apple, Tree of Heaven, and catalpa were less so, although nymphal survival on Tree of Heaven was much greater later in the season than earlier. Mixed-host diets yielded increased nymphal survivorship and decreased developmental duration compared with diets of suboptimal single hosts. Adult size and weight were generally greater when they developed from nymphs reared on mixed diets. The implications of our results to the dispersal behavior, establishment, and management of H. halys are discussed.
2020-04-22T13:51:35Z
2020-04-22T13:51:35Z
2020-04-22T13:51:35Z
2016-06
Article - Refereed
0046-225X
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97878
https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvw018
45
3
27012749
1938-2936
en
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
CC0 1.0 Universal
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1176932024-01-27T03:02:38Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_70873col_10919_24309
An Economic Evaluation of Alternative Methods to Manage Fire Blight in Apple Production
Rickard, Bradley J.
Acimovic, Srdan
Fazio, Gennaro
Silver, Casey
fire blight
Geneva rootstocks
tree insurance
pre- and post-infection spray programs
Our research examined the economic implications of managing fire blight in apple production by using susceptible rootstocks or resistant rootstocks with and without protective sprays. Our results indicate that use Geneva® rootstocks across all incidence levels of fire blight considered gave superior economic outcomes compared to susceptible rootstocks or tree insurance for fire blight.
2024-01-26T15:56:45Z
2024-01-26T15:56:45Z
2024-01-26T15:56:45Z
2023-04-01
Article
https://hdl.handle.net/10919/117693
31
1
Acimovic, Srdan [0000-0002-0710-2339]
https://nyshs.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/NYFQ-BOOK-Spring-2023_v3.pdf
https://nyshs.org/
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Public Domain (U.S.)
NYSHS
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1105232022-06-10T07:12:13Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_78882col_10919_24309
Potential Distribution of Invasive Boxwood Blight Pathogen (Calonectriapseudonaviculata) as Predicted by Process-Based and Correlative Models
Barker, Brittany S.
Coop, Leonard
Hong, Chuanxue
Boxwood blight caused by <i>Cps</i> is an emerging disease that has had devastating impacts on <i>Buxus</i> spp. in the horticultural sector, landscapes, and native ecosystems. In this study, we produced a process-based climatic suitability model in the CLIMEX program and combined outputs of four different correlative modeling algorithms to generate an ensemble correlative model. All models were fit and validated using a presence record dataset comprised of <i>Cps</i> detections across its entire known invaded range. Evaluations of model performance provided validation of good model fit for all models. A consensus map of CLIMEX and ensemble correlative model predictions indicated that not-yet-invaded areas in eastern and southern Europe and in the southeastern, midwestern, and Pacific coast regions of North America are climatically suitable for <i>Cps</i> establishment. Most regions of the world where <i>Buxus</i> and its congeners are native are also at risk of establishment. These findings provide the first insights into <i>Cps</i> global invasion threat, suggesting that this invasive pathogen has the potential to significantly expand its range.
2022-06-09T14:10:50Z
2022-06-09T14:10:50Z
2022-06-09T14:10:50Z
2022-06-01
Article - Refereed
Barker, B.S.; Coop, L.; Hong, C. Potential Distribution of Invasive Boxwood Blight Pathogen (Calonectriapseudonaviculata) as Predicted by Process-Based and Correlative Models. Biology 2022, 11, 849.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/110523
https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11060849
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1115632022-08-20T07:19:15Zcom_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_24309
Interactive Regulation of Hormone and Resistance Gene in Proline Metabolism Is Involved in Effector-Triggered Immunity or Disease Susceptibility in the Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris-Brassica napus Pathosystem
Al Mamun, Md
Islam, Md Tabibul
Lee, Bok-Rye
Bae, Dong-Won
Kim, Tae-Hwan
effector-triggered immunity
pattern-triggered immunity
phytohormone
proline metabolism
Xanthomonas campestris pv
campestris
resistance gene
To characterize cultivar variations in hormonal regulation of the transition between pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity or susceptibility (ETI or ETS), the responses of resistance (R-) genes, hydrogen peroxide, and proline metabolism in two Brassica napus cultivars to contrasting disease susceptibility (resistant cv. Capitol vs. susceptible cv. Mosa) were interpreted as being linked to those of endogenous hormonal levels and signaling genes based on a time course of disease symptom development. Disease symptoms caused by the Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) infections were much more developed in cv. Mosa than in cv. Capitol, as shown by an earlier appearance (at 3 days postinoculation [3 DPI]) and larger V-shaped necrosis lesions (at 9-15 DPI) in cv. Mosa. The cultivar variations in the R-genes, hormone status, and proline metabolism were found in two different phases (early [0-3 DPI] and later [9-15 DPI]). In the early phase, Xcc significantly upregulated PTI-related cytoplasmic kinase (Botrytis-induced kinase-1 [BIK1]) expression (+6.3-fold) with salicylic acid (SA) accumulation in cv. Capitol, while relatively less (+2.6-fold) with highly increased jasmonic acid (JA) level in cv. Mosa. The Xcc-responsive proline accumulation in both cultivars was similar to upregulated expression of proline synthesis-related genes (P5CS2 and P5CR). During the later phase in cv. Capitol, Xcc-responsive upregulation of ZAR1 (a coiled-coil-nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat [CC-NB-LRR-type R-gene]) was concomitant with a gradual increase in JA levels without additional proline accumulation. However, in cv. Mosa, upregulation of TAO1 (a toll/interleukin-1 receptor-nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat [TIR-NB-LRR-type R-gene]) was consistent with an increase in SA and abscisic acid (ABA) levels and resulted in an antagonistic depression of JA, which led to a proline accumulation. These results indicate that Xcc-induced BIK1- and ZAR1-mediated JA signaling interactions provide resistance and confirm ETI, whereas BIK1- and TAO1-enhanced SA- and/or ABA-mediated proline accumulation is associated with disease susceptibility (ETS).
2022-08-19T12:58:58Z
2022-08-19T12:58:58Z
2022-08-19T12:58:58Z
2022-01-10
Article - Refereed
1664-462X
738608
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/111563
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.738608
12
35082802
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Frontiers
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1163432023-09-28T07:13:17Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_91436com_10919_5532com_10919_24235col_10919_78882col_10919_97229col_10919_24309
Physiological Comparison of Two Salt-Excluder Hybrid Grapevine Rootstocks under Salinity Reveals Different Adaptation Qualities
Gajjar, Pranavkumar
Ismail, Ahmed
Islam, Tabibul
Darwish, Ahmed G.
Moniruzzaman, Md
Abuslima, Eman
Dawood, Ahmed S.
El-Saady, Abdelkareem M.
Tsolova, Violeta
El-Kereamy, Ashraf
Nick, Peter
Sherif, Sherif M.
Abazinge, Michael D.
El-Sharkawy, Islam
Like other plant stresses, salinity is a central agricultural problem, mainly in arid or semi-arid regions. Therefore, salt-adapted plants have evolved several adaptation strategies to counteract salt-related events, such as photosynthesis inhibition, metabolic toxicity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. European grapes are usually grafted onto salt-tolerant rootstocks as a cultivation practice to alleviate salinity-dependent damage. In the current study, two grape rootstocks, 140 Ruggeri (RUG) and Millardet et de Grasset 420A (MGT), were utilized to evaluate the diversity of their salinity adaptation strategies. The results showed that RUG is able to maintain higher levels of the photosynthetic pigments (Chl-T, Chl-a, and Chl-b) under salt stress, and hence accumulates higher levels of total soluble sugars (TSS), monosaccharides, and disaccharides compared with the MGT rootstock. Moreover, it was revealed that the RUG rootstock maintains and/or increases the enzymatic activities of catalase, GPX, and SOD under salinity, giving it a more efficient ROS detoxification machinery under stress.
2023-09-27T14:43:16Z
2023-09-27T14:43:16Z
2023-09-27T14:43:16Z
2023-09-13
Article - Refereed
Gajjar, P.; Ismail, A.; Islam, T.; Darwish, A.G.; Moniruzzaman, M.; Abuslima, E.; Dawood, A.S.; El-Saady, A.M.; Tsolova, V.; El-Kereamy, A.; Nick, P.; Sherif, S.M.; Abazinge, M.D.; El-Sharkawy, I. Physiological Comparison of Two Salt-Excluder Hybrid Grapevine Rootstocks under Salinity Reveals Different Adaptation Qualities. Plants 2023, 12, 3247.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/116343
https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12183247
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/517742023-06-16T19:48:39Zcom_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_24309
Mycelial growth, sporulation, and survival of Monilinia fructicola in relation to osmotic potential and temperature
Hong, Chuanxue
Michailides, Themis J.
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
Ecology
Prunus spp.
Water relation
The effects of osmotic potential (Psi) and temperature on mycelial growth, sporulation, and survival of Monilinia fructicola were determined using potato-dextrose agar (PDA) amended with KCI and sucrose. Comparatively, KCl facilitated the sporulation and sucrose facilitated the mycelial growth and survival of the fungus. Optimal mycelial growth occurred at -1 MPa and 25 C and sporulation at -3 MPa and 20 C. Sporulation decreased more rapidly than mycelial growth as osmotic potential and temperature became less conducive. Significant interactions between osmotic potential and temperature were observed on affecting the mycelial growth and sporulation. Monilinia fructicola did not grow in PDA amended with KCl at Psi < -11 MPa (20 and 25 C), -9 MPa (15 and 30 C), or -7 MPa (10 C) after 6-d incubation; it also did not grow in PDA amended with KCl at Psi < -11 MPa nor in PDA amended with sucrose at Psi < -13 MPa even after 60-d incubation at any temperatures tested. Monilinia fructicola survived water stress better at low temperatures than at high temperatures. These results could help in understanding the ecology and epidemiology of brown rot of stone fruit and in development of integrated disease management strategies.
2015-04-23T19:19:06Z
2015-04-23T19:19:06Z
2015-04-23T19:19:06Z
1999
Article - Refereed
Hong, C. X. & Michailides, T. J. (1999). Mycelial growth, sporulation, and survival of Monilinia fructicola in relation to osmotic potential and temperature. Mycologia, 91(5), 871-876. doi: 10.2307/3761540
0027-5514
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51774
https://doi.org/10.2307/3761540
en
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
Mycological Society of America
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1018932023-06-16T19:48:37Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_70873col_10919_24309
Selling your catch at the farmers market
Villalba, Abigail
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
2021-01-14T20:50:14Z
2021-01-14T20:50:14Z
2021-01-14T20:50:14Z
2020-07-28
Presentation
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101893
Villalba, Abigail [0000-0002-1419-4702]
en
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright (InC)
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/971222022-03-20T20:22:47Zcom_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_24309
Trap Tree and Interception Trap Techniques for Management of Ambrosia Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Nursery Production
Addesso, Karla M.
Oliver, Jason B.
Youssef, Nadeer
O'Neal, Paul A.
Ranger, Christopher M.
Reding, Michael E.
Schultz, Peter B.
Werle, Christopher T.
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
mass trapping
Xylosandrus crassiusculus
Xylosandrus germanus
Cnestus mutilatus
trap crop
The majority of wood-boring ambrosia beetles are strongly attracted to ethanol, a behavior which could be exploited for management within ornamental nurseries. A series of experiments was conducted to determine if ethanol-based interception techniques could reduce ambrosia beetle pest pressure. In two experiments, trap trees injected with a high dose of ethanol were positioned either adjacent or 1015 m from trees injected with a low dose of ethanol (simulating a mildly stressed tree) to determine if the high-dose trap trees could draw beetle attacks away from immediately adjacent stressed nursery trees. The high-ethanol-dose trees sustained considerably higher attacks than the low-dose trees; however, distance between the low- and high-dose trees did not significantly alter attack rates on the low-dose trees. In a third experiment, 60-m length trap lines with varying densities of ethanol-baited traps were deployed along a forest edge to determine if immigrating beetles could be intercepted before reaching sentinel traps or artificially stressed sentinel trees located 10 m further in-field. Intercept trap densities of 2 or 4 traps per trap line were associated with fewer attacks on sentinel trees compared to no traps, but 7 or 13 traps had no impact. None of the tested intercept trap densities resulted in significantly fewer beetles reaching the sentinel traps. The evaluated ethanol-based interception techniques showed limited promise for reducing ambrosia beetle pressure on nursery trees. An interception effect might be enhanced by applying a repellent compound to nursery trees in a pushpull strategy.
2020-03-03T17:54:07Z
2020-03-03T17:54:07Z
2020-03-03T17:54:07Z
2019-04
Article - Refereed
0022-0493
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97122
https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toy413
112
2
30649433
1938-291X
en
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
CC0 1.0 Universal
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1166552023-11-14T08:13:29Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_78882col_10919_24309
New Insights in the Detection and Management of Anthracnose Diseases in Strawberries
Aljawasim, Baker D.
Samtani, Jayesh B.
Rahman, Mahfuzur
Anthracnose diseases, caused by <i>Colletotrichum</i> spp., are considered to be among the most destructive diseases that have a significant impact on the global production of strawberries. These diseases alone can cause up to 70% yield loss in North America. <i>Colletotrichum</i> spp. causes several disease symptoms on strawberry plants, including root, fruit, and crown rot, lesions on petioles and runners, and irregular black spots on the leaf. In many cases, a lower level of infection on foliage remains non-symptomatic (quiescent), posing a challenge to growers as these plants can be a significant source of inoculum for the fruiting field. Reliable detection methods for quiescent infection should play an important role in preventing infected plants’ entry into the production system or guiding growers to take appropriate preventative measures to control the disease. This review aims to examine both conventional and emerging approaches for detecting anthracnose disease in the early stages of the disease cycle, with a focus on newly emerging techniques such as remote sensing, especially using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) equipped with multispectral sensors. Further, we focused on the <i>acutatum</i> species complex, including the latest taxonomy, the complex life cycle, and the epidemiology of the disease. Additionally, we highlighted the extensive spectrum of management techniques against anthracnose diseases on strawberries and their challenges, with a special focus on new emerging sustainable management techniques that can be utilized in organic strawberry systems.
2023-11-13T13:52:36Z
2023-11-13T13:52:36Z
2023-11-13T13:52:36Z
2023-10-27
Article - Refereed
Aljawasim, B.D.; Samtani, J.B.; Rahman, M. New Insights in the Detection and Management of Anthracnose Diseases in Strawberries. Plants 2023, 12, 3704.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/116655
https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12213704
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1083022023-11-29T19:09:47Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_5540com_10919_91436com_10919_5532com_10919_24235col_10919_78882col_10919_71752col_10919_97229col_10919_24309
Deciphering the Genome-Wide Transcriptomic Changes during Interactions of Resistant and Susceptible Genotypes of American Elm with Ophiostoma novo-ulmi
Islam, Md Tabibul
Coutin, Jose Freixas
Shukla, Mukund R.
Dhaliwal, Amandeep Kaur
Nigg, Martha
Bernier, Louis
Sherif, Sherif M.
Saxena, Praveen K.
Dutch elm disease (DED), caused by <i>Ophiostoma novo-ulmi</i> (<i>Onu</i>), is a destructive disease of American elm (<i>Ulmus americana</i> L.). The molecular mechanisms of resistance and susceptibility against DED in American elm are still largely uncharacterized. In the present study, we performed a <i>de novo</i> transcriptome (RNA-sequencing; RNA-Seq) assembly of <i>U. americana</i> and compared the gene expression in a resistant genotype, ’Valley Forge’, and a susceptible (S) elm genotype at 0 and 96 h post-inoculation of <i>Onu</i>. A total of 85,863 non-redundant unigenes were identified. Compared to the previously characterized <i>U. minor</i> transcriptome, <i>U. americana</i> has 35,290 similar and 55,499 unique genes. The transcriptomic variations between ‘Valley Forge’ and ‘S’ were found primarily in the photosynthesis and primary metabolism, which were highly upregulated in the susceptible genotype irrespective of the <i>Onu</i> inoculation. The resistance to DED was associated with the activation of RPM1-mediated effector-triggered immunity that was demonstrated by the upregulation of genes involved in the phenylpropanoids biosynthesis and PR genes. The most significantly enriched gene ontology (GO) terms in response to <i>Onu</i> were response to stimulus (GO:0006950), response to stress (GO:0050896), and secondary metabolic process (GO:0008152) in both genotypes. However, only in the resistant genotype, the defense response (GO:0006952) was among the topmost significantly enriched GO terms. Our findings revealed the molecular regulations of DED resistance and susceptibility and provide a platform for marker-assisted breeding of resistant American elm genotypes.
2022-02-11T16:12:36Z
2022-02-11T16:12:36Z
2022-02-11T16:12:36Z
2022-01-26
Article - Refereed
Islam, M.T.; Coutin, J.F.; Shukla, M.; Dhaliwal, A.K.; Nigg, M.; Bernier, L.; Sherif, S.M.; Saxena, P.K. Deciphering the Genome-Wide Transcriptomic Changes during Interactions of Resistant and Susceptible Genotypes of American Elm with Ophiostoma novo-ulmi. J. Fungi 2022, 8, 120.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/108302
https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8020120
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1073432022-01-05T08:11:34Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_78882col_10919_24309
The Relationship between Drone Speed and the Number of Flights in RFID Tag Reading for Plant Inventory
Quino, Jannette
Maja, Joe Mari
Robbins, James
Owen, James
Chappell, Matthew
Camargo, Joao Neto
Fernandez, R. Thomas
Accurate inventory allows for more precise forecasting, including profit projections, easier monitoring, shorter outages, and fewer delivery interruptions. Moreover, the long hours of physical labor involved over such a broad area and the effect of inefficiencies could lead to less accurate inventory. Unreliable data and predictions, unannounced stoppages in operations, production delays and delivery, and a considerable loss of profit can all arise from inaccurate inventory. This paper extends our previous work with drones and RFID by evaluating: the number of flights needed to read all tags deployed in the field, the number of scans per pass, and the optimum drone speed for reading tags. The drone flight plan was divided into eight passes from southwest to northwest and back at a horizontal speed of 2.2, 1.7, and 1.1 m per second (m/s) at a vertically fixed altitude. The results showed that speed did not affect the number of new tags scanned (<i>p</i>-value > 0.05). Results showed that 90% of the tags were scanned in less than four trips (eight passes) at 1.7 m/s. Based on these results, the system can be used for large-scale nursery inventory and other industries that use RFID tags in outdoor environments. We presented two novel measurements on evaluating RFID reader efficiency by measuring how fast the reader can read and the shortest distance traveled by the RFID reader over tag.
2022-01-04T13:51:37Z
2022-01-04T13:51:37Z
2022-01-04T13:51:37Z
2021-12-22
Article - Refereed
Quino, J.; Maja, J.M.; Robbins, J.; Owen, J., Jr.; Chappell, M.; Camargo, J.N.; Fernandez, R.T. The Relationship between Drone Speed and the Number of Flights in RFID Tag Reading for Plant Inventory. Drones 2021, 6, 2.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/107343
https://doi.org/10.3390/drones6010002
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1134022023-01-25T08:12:50Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_70873col_10919_24309
Vit notes, Seasonal reminders
Hatch, Tremain
Viticulture
Happy Spring! Grape growers across the state are gearing up for the growing season or in some cases may see budburst in their vineyards. Here are a handful of updates and reminders for the onset of the growing season.
2023-01-24T18:54:12Z
2023-01-24T18:54:12Z
2023-01-24T18:54:12Z
2022-04-08
Extension publication
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/113402
en
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1065642023-11-29T12:18:49Zcom_10919_23967com_10919_5557com_10919_91436com_10919_5532com_10919_24235col_10919_24279col_10919_97229col_10919_24309
Thinning forests or planting fields? Producer preferences for establishing silvopasture
Wilkens, Philadelphia
Munsell, John F.
Fike, John H.
Pent, Gabriel J.
Frey, Gregory E.
Addlestone, Benjamin J.
Downing, Adam K.
Adoption
Forest management
Tree planting
Livestock
Silvopasture is the intentional integration of trees, forages, and livestock. Benefits of this agroforestry practice include shade for livestock, nutritious forage, and reduced wind speed in pastures, as well as ecosystem services and tree products. The literature indicate that some livestock producers are interested in silvopasture, but little is known about their establishment preferences and if they vary by demographics or operation type. This study hypothesized that producers are equally interested in planting trees in pastures (planting) and reducing forest canopy and planting forages (thinning) to establish silvopasture, and that the effects of the potential benefits of silvopasture on their preferences are similar. To test these hypotheses, 307 livestock producers in Virginia, United States of America were surveyed about whether they prefer planting or thinning. Producers also were asked about the extent to which potential benefits of silvopasture affect their preferences. Nearly 25% of the 139 respondents (response rate = 45%) were 'very interested' in thinning, compared to 8% for planting. Animal performance and welfare was their primary goal, but forest management and whole-farm productivity also were important. Guidelines are needed for maintaining stand health and productivity when thinning and for improving tree protection and growth in pastures when planting to establish silvopasture.
2021-11-09T19:35:39Z
2021-11-09T19:35:39Z
2021-11-09T19:35:39Z
2021-09-04
Article - Refereed
0167-4366
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/106564
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-021-00665-z
1572-9680
en
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Public Domain (U.S.)
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1113832022-07-28T07:11:31Zcom_10919_24222com_10919_5532com_10919_24235col_10919_24298col_10919_24309
Technological progress in the US catfish industry
Hegde, Shraddha
Kumar, Ganesh
Engle, Carole
Hanson, Terry
Roy, Luke A.
Cheatham, Morgan
Avery, Jimmy
Aarattuthodiyil, Suja
van Senten, Jonathan
Johnson, Jeff
Wise, David
Dahl, Sunni
Dorman, Larry
Peterman, Mark
aeration
alternative technologies
catfish industry
complementary technologies
vaccines
The US catfish industry has undergone significant technological advancements in an attempt to achieve cost efficiencies. This study monitored the progress of the adoption of alternative and complementary technologies in the US catfish industry. A 2019-2020 multi-state in-person survey in Alabama, Arkansas, and Mississippi (n = 68), revealed increased adoption of intensively aerated ponds (6,315 ha) and split ponds (1,176 ha). The adoption of alternative, more intensive, production practices has been accompanied by increased adoption of complementary technologies of fixed-paddlewheel aeration, automated oxygen monitors, and hybrid catfish. As a result, the average aeration rate in the tristate region has increased to 7.8 kW/ha with 97% of catfish farms adopting automated oxygen monitors. About 53% of the water surface area in the tristate region was used for hybrid catfish production. Fingerling producers have also adopted a feed-based, oral vaccine against Enteric Septicemia of Catfish, with 83% of the fingerling farms and 73% of the fingerling production area vaccinated against ESC in 2020. Increased adoption of productivity-enhancing technologies in the US catfish industry explains the 59% increase in foodfish productivity from 2010 to 2019. Monitoring the progress of adoption of productivity-enhancing technologies will guide researchers and Extension personnel involved in the refinement and dissemination of these technologies.
2022-07-27T13:56:04Z
2022-07-27T13:56:04Z
2022-07-27T13:56:04Z
2022-04
Article - Refereed
0893-8849
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/111383
https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.12877
53
2
1749-7345
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
United States
Wiley
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/738232023-06-13T19:04:59Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_5523com_10919_24230com_10919_5532com_10919_24235col_10919_70873col_10919_5548col_10919_24305col_10919_24309
Pest status of the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys in the USA
Leskey, Tracy C.
Hamilton, G. C.
Nielsen, Anne L.
Polk, D. F.
Rodriguez-Saona, C.
Bergh, J. Christopher
Herbert, D. Ames Jr.
Kuhar, Thomas P.
Pfeiffer, Douglas G.
Dively, G. P.
Hooks, C. R. R.
Raupp, M. J.
Shrewsbury, Paula M.
Krawczyk, G.
Shearer, Peter W.
Whalen, J.
Koplinka-Loehr, C.
Myers, Elizabeth
Inkley, D.
Hoelmer, K. A.
Lee, D.-H.
Wright, S. E.
Virginia Cooperative Extension (VCE)
Entomology
Since its initial discovery in Allentown, PA, USA, the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) has now officially has been detected in 38 states and the District of Columbia in the USA. Isolated populations also exist in Switzerland and Canada. This Asian species quickly became a major nuisance pest in the mid-Atlantic USA region due to its overwintering behavior of entering structures. BMSB has an extremely wide host range in both its native home and invaded countries where it feeds on numerous tree fruits, vegetables, field crops, ornamental plants, and native vegetation. In 2010, populations exploded causing severe crop losses to apples, peaches, sweet corn, peppers, tomatoes and row crops such as field corn and soybeans in several mid-Atlantic states. Damaging populations were detected in vineyards, small fruit and ornamentals. Researchers are collaborating to develop management solutions that will complement current integrated pest management programs. This article summarizes the current pest status and strategies being developed to manage BMSB in the USA.
2016-12-26T18:30:21Z
2016-12-26T18:30:21Z
2016-12-26T18:30:21Z
2012-10-01
Article - Refereed
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73823
https://doi.org/10.1564/23oct07
23
5
en
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1068122023-06-16T13:03:40Zcom_10919_91436com_10919_5532com_10919_24235col_10919_97229col_10919_24309
Foliar fertilizers rarely increase yield in United States soybean
Matcham, Emma G.
Vann, R. Atwell
Lindsey, Laura E.
Gaska, John M.
Lilley, Dylan T.
Ross, W. Jeremy
Wright, David L.
Knott, Carrie
Lee, Chad D.
Moseley, David
Singh, Maninder
Naeve, Seth L.
Irby, J. Trenton
Wiebold, William J.
Kandel, Hans
Lofton, Josh
Inman, Matthew
Kleinjan, Jonathon
Holshouser, David L.
Conley, Shawn P.
Farmers have been interested in using foliar-applied nutrient products to increase soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield since at least the 1970s, despite limited evidence that these products offer consistent yield increases when used prophylactically. Recently, interest in foliar fertilizer products for soybean production has been renewed, likely related to elevated soybean prices. Over the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons (46 site-years), agronomists in 16 states collaborated to test six foliar nutrient treatments (commercial mixtures of macro- and micro-nutrients) on soybean grain yield and composition. Soybean grain yield and composition differed among sites but not among foliar fertilizer treatments. Results show that prophylactic foliar fertilization is likely to decrease the profitability of soybean production. Foliar fertilizer products tested in this study and similar products should not be recommended to U.S. soybean farmers in the absence of visual symptoms of nutrient deficiency.
2021-12-02T15:46:11Z
2021-12-02T15:46:11Z
2021-12-02T15:46:11Z
2021-09-25
Article - Refereed
0002-1962
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/106812
https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20889
1435-0645
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International
United States
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/994012023-06-16T19:48:37Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_70873col_10919_24309
Longitudinal Shedding Patterns and Characterization of Antibiotic Resistant E. coli in Pastured Goats Using a Cohort Study
Ndegwa, Eunice
Almehmadi, Hanin
Kim, Chyer
Kaseloo, Paul
Ako, Ankrah A.
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Infectious Diseases
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
antibiotic resistance
goats
goat kids
resistant genes
virulence genes
phylogenetic grouping
FECAL ESCHERICHIA-COLI
ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
FOOD ANIMALS
MULTIPLEX PCR
CLASS-1 INTEGRONS
VIRULENCE GENES
BETA-LACTAMASES
UNITED-STATES
STRAINS
HUMANS
There is a scarcity of information on antibiotic resistance in goats. To understand shedding of resistant Escherichia coli in pastured goats, we collected fecal samples from a mixed age cohort over a one-year period. No antibiotic had been used on the study animals one year prior to and during the study period. Resistant isolates were detected in all age groups and prevalence in goat kids was significantly higher than adults; 43–48% vs 8–25% respectively. The proportion of resistant isolates was higher when animals were congregated near handling facility than on pasture. Most isolates were resistant to tetracycline (51%) and streptomycin (30%), but also to antibiotics that had never been used on the farm; ampicillin (19%). TetB, bla-TEM, (aadA and strpA/strpB) genes were detected in 70%, 43%, (44% and 24%) of tetracycline, ampicillin, and streptomycin resistant isolates respectively. Resistant isolates also harbored virulent genes and some belonged to D and B2 phylogenetic groups. Thus, pastured goats, despite minimal exposure to antibiotics, are reservoirs of resistant E. coli that may contaminate the environment and food chain and spread resistant genes to pathogenic bacteria and some that are potential animal and human pathogens. Environmental sources may play a role in acquisition of resistant bacteria in pastured goats.
2020-07-23T16:47:47Z
2020-07-23T16:47:47Z
2020-07-23T16:47:47Z
2019-09-01
Article - Refereed
2079-6382
antibiotics8030136 (PII)
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99401
https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8030136
8
3
31480769
2079-6382
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/817422023-06-16T19:48:40Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_70873col_10919_24309
Disease control by experimental and registered fungicide schedules on Golden Delicious and Idared apples, 2016
Yoder, Keith S.
Cochran, A. E. II
Royston, W. S. Jr.
Kilmer, S. W.
Engelman, A. G. F.
Kowalski, A. L.
Repass, J. K.
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
Fifteen experimental or registered combination treatment schedules were compared on two-tree sets of 16-yr-old trees. The test was conducted in a randomized block design with four replicates separated by non-treated border rows...
2018-01-12T04:55:10Z
2018-01-12T04:55:10Z
2018-01-12T04:55:10Z
2017
Presentation
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81742
11
en
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/494512023-06-14T14:38:22Zcom_10919_24231com_10919_5532com_10919_91436com_10919_24235col_10919_24306col_10919_97229col_10919_24309
Effects of prohexadione-calcium on grape yield components and fruit and wine composition
Lo Giudice, Danielle
Wolf, Tony K.
Zoecklein, Bruce W.
Food Science and Technology
School of Plant and Environmental Sciences
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
apogee
plant growth regulator
prohexadione-calcium
vitis-vinifera
glycosyl-glucose
gibberellin biosynthesis
growth-retardants
apple
berry
metabolism
biotechnology & applied microbiology
food science & technology
horticulture
Prohexadione-calcium (prohexadione-Ca) was applied to field-grown Cabernet franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, and Seyval to evaluate rates and timing effects on fruit yield components and on fruit and wine composition. Berries per cluster, berry weight, cluster weight, and clusters per shoot in the subsequent season were all decreased by multiple, prebloom plus postbloom, applications to Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet franc. Similar reductions in current season components of yield were observed with Seyval. Application (250 mg/L) to single clusters of Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay at bloom, or in the one-to-two-week prebloom period decreased fruit set, whereas applications one to two weeks postbloom reduced berry weight, with no impact on fruit set. Berry weight reduction correlated to increased color intensity (420 nm + 520 nm), total anthocyanins, total phenols, and phenol-free glycosyl-glucose (PFGG) in Cabernet Sauvignon. In a separate experiment, prohexadione-Ca increased Cabernet franc must color intensity, total anthocyanins, and total phenols, despite having, minimal effects on berry weight or crop yield. Aroma and flavor triangle difference tests did not distinguish treatment differences with young Cabernet franc wines. This study of prohexadione-Ca effects on grape reproductive development illustrated that berry set and berry weight were responsive to application timing, with the one-to-two-week period after bloom most sensitive to reductions in berry weight. The concurrent effects on fruit composition were generally positive, while the full impact on wine quality remains equivocal, but worthy of further evaluation.
2014-07-10T13:56:44Z
2014-07-10T13:56:44Z
2014-07-10T13:56:44Z
2004
Article - Refereed
Lo Giudice, D.; Wolf, T. K.; Zoecklein, B. W., "Effects of prohexadione-calcium on grape yield components and fruit and wine composition," Am. J. Enol. Vitic 2004 vol. 55 no. 1 73-83. http://ajevonline.org/content/55/1/73.abstract
0002-9254
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49451
http://ajevonline.org/content/55/1/73.abstract
en
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
American Society for Enology and Viticulture
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1018342021-01-12T08:11:36Zcom_10919_24235com_10919_5532col_10919_24309
Performance and conduct of supply chains for United States farmed oysters
Love, David C.
Lane, Robert M.
Kuehl, Lillian M.
Hudson, Bobbi
Harding, Jamie
Clancy, Kate
Fry, Jillian P.
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
Chesapeake bay
Oyster
Shellfish
Supply chain
Traceability
Washington
Farmed oysters are one of the most valuable aquacultured products in the United States (U.S.), are highly perishable, and increasingly shipped live year-round. Supply chain actors must work together to bring refrigerated oysters to market quickly, while maintaining product value, safety and traceability information. In light of these demands, this study assesses the performance and conduct of supply chains for U.S. farmed oysters (Crassostrea virginica, C. gigas). Over the two-year study period, we conducted interviews with 56 businesses and tracked 125 oyster shipments from two major growing regions in the U.S. through six different types of supply chains. We hypothesized that direct and intermediated supply chains would perform differently in terms of timeto-market, product temperature in cold chains, compliance with temperature regulations, and modeled risks from Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Intermediated supply chains, by their definition have more connections than direct supply chains, and we found this introduces a longer time-to-market and a higher incidence of time and temperature abuse. However, these factors did not lead to greater modeled V. parahaemolyticus risks. Participants in both direct and intermediated supply chains were aware of the importance of traceability and felt uniformly positive about their ability to perform recalls. A common concern was the speed of government-imposed recalls, which can be declared by regulators after the affected live oysters are consumed. Members of these supply chains play different roles in maintaining the cold chain, possess different levels of information related to traceability, and describe different levels of trust with other supply chain actors. This paper contributes to a growing body of knowledge on supply chains for seafood and their critical, and sometimes overlooked, role in larger food systems.
2021-01-11T20:37:32Z
2021-01-11T20:37:32Z
2021-01-11T20:37:32Z
2020-01-15
Article - Refereed
0044-8486
734569
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101834
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734569
515
1873-5622
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/974372022-03-20T20:05:46Zcom_10919_24230com_10919_5532com_10919_24235col_10919_24305col_10919_24309
Behavioral Response of the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) to Semiochemicals Deployed Inside and Outside Anthropogenic Structures During the Overwintering Period
Morrison, William R. III
Acebes-Doria, Angelita L.
Ogburn, Emily C.
Kuhar, Thomas P.
Walgenbach, James F.
Bergh, J. Christopher
Nottingham, Louis B.
DiMeglio, Anthony S.
Hipkins, Patricia A.
Leskey, Tracy C.
Entomology
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
Halyomorpha halys
indoor
urban
invasive species
monitoring
The brownmarmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stal), is an invasive species from Asia capable of causing severe agricultural damage. It can also be a nuisance pest when it enters and exits anthropogenic overwintering sites. In recent years, pheromone lures and traps for H. halys have been developed and used to monitor populations in field studies. To date, no study has investigated the applicability of these monitoring tools for use indoors by building residents during the overwintering period. Herein, we 1) assessed when in late winter (diapause) and spring (postdiapause) H. halys begins to respond to its pheromone (10,11-epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-ol), 2) evaluated whether pheromone-based tools can be used reliably for monitoring H. halys adults in unheated and heated buildings, and 3) elucidated the potential for indoor management using pheromone-baited traps. A 2-yr trapping study suggested that H. halys began to respond reliably to pheromone-baited traps after a critical photoperiod of 13.5h in the spring. Captures before that point were not correlated with visual counts of bugs in buildings despite robust populations, suggesting currently available pheromone-baited traps were ineffective for surveillance of diapausing H. halys. Finally, because baited traps captured only 8-20% of the adult H. halys known to be present per location, they were not an effective indoor management tool for overwintering H. halys. Our study contributes important knowledge about the capacity of H. halys to perceive its pheromone during overwintering, and the ramifications thereof for building residents with nuisance problems.
2020-03-23T13:26:00Z
2020-03-23T13:26:00Z
2020-03-23T13:26:00Z
2017-06
Article - Refereed
0022-0493
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97437
https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tox097
110
3
28430975
1938-291X
en
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
CC0 1.0 Universal
qdc///col_10919_24309/100