2024-03-28T18:44:48Zhttps://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/server/oai/requestoai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1123892023-01-26T20:58:04Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24215com_10919_5539com_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_18629col_10919_24289col_10919_24321
2022-11-07T16:56:12Z
urn:hdl:10919/112389
SAT patterns and engineering and computer science college majors: an intersectional, state-level study
Tan, Lin
Bradburn, Isabel S.
Knight, David B.
Kinoshita, Timothy
Grohs, Jacob R.
Background
Numerous efforts worldwide have been made to increase diversity in engineering and computer science (ECS), fields that pay well and promote upward mobility. However, in the United States (U.S.), females and students from underrepresented racial/ethnic minority groups (URM) still pursue ECS training far less than do their peers. The current study explored sex and racial/ethnic differences in ECS college enrollment as a function of math and verbal SAT score patterns (balanced or imbalanced) using an intersectional approach within a U.S. context. Data represented a census of students who took the SAT, graduated from all Virginia public high schools between 2006 and 2015, and enrolled in a 4-year college (N = 344,803).
Results
Our findings show, within each sex, URM students were at least as likely as their non-URM peers to enroll in ECS programs when they scored within similar SAT score ranges. Students were more likely to enroll in ECS programs if their SAT profile favored math, compared to students with similar math and verbal SAT scores (balanced profile). This overall pattern is notably less pronounced for URM female students; their propensity to major in ECS appeared to be largely independent of verbal scores.
Conclusions
Our findings inform strategies to diversify ECS enrollment. If programs continue to emphasize SAT scores during admission decisions or if more systemic issues of resource allocation in secondary schools are not addressed, other efforts to broaden participation in ECS programs may fall short of goals. Our findings also highlight the importance of considering the intersection of sex and race/ethnicity for recruitment or other educational promotions.
2022-11-07T16:56:12Z
2022-11-07T16:56:12Z
2022-11-05
2022-11-06T04:13:19Z
Article - Refereed
International Journal of STEM Education. 2022 Nov 05;9(1):68
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/112389
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-022-00384-6
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Author(s)
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Virginia
United States
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/951972020-10-15T20:33:36Zcom_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_78791col_10919_24321
2019-10-29T17:26:57Z
urn:hdl:10919/95197
What Is the Role of the Placebo Effect for Pain Relief in Neurorehabilitation? Clinical Implications From the Italian Consensus Conference on Pain in Neurorehabilitation
Castelnuovo, Gianluca
Giusti, Emanuele Maria
Manzoni, Gian Mauro
Saviola, Donatella
Gabrielli, Samantha
Lacerenza, Marco
Pietrabissa, Giada
Cattivelli, Roberto
Spatola, Chiara Anna Maria
Rossi, Alessandro
Varallo, Giorgia
Novelli, Margherita
Villa, Valentina
Luzzati, Francesca
Cottini, Andrea
Lai, Carlo
Volpato, Eleonora
Cavalera, Cesare
Pagnini, Francesco
Tesio, Valentina
Castelli, Lorys
Tavola, Mario
Torta, Riccardo
Arreghini, Marco
Zanini, Loredana
Brunani, Amelia
Seitanidis, Ionathan
Ventura, Giuseppe
Capodaglio, Paolo
D'Aniello, Guido Edoardo
Scarpina, Federica
Brioschi, Andrea
Bigoni, Matteo
Priano, Lorenzo
Mauro, Alessandro
Riva, Giuseppe
Di Lernia, Daniele
Repetto, Claudia
Regalia, Camillo
Molinari, Enrico
Notaro, Paolo
Paolucci, Stefano
Sandrini, Giorgio
Simpson, Susan
Wiederhold, Brenda Kay
Gaudio, Santino
Jackson, Jeffrey B.
Tamburin, Stefano
Benedetti, Fabrizio
neurorehabilitation
placebo
pain
clinical psychology
health psychology
placebo effect
consensus conference
Background: It is increasingly acknowledged that the outcomes of medical treatments are influenced by the context of the clinical encounter through the mechanisms of the placebo effect. The phenomenon of placebo analgesia might be exploited to maximize the efficacy of neurorehabilitation treatments. Since its intensity varies across neurological disorders, the Italian Consensus Conference on Pain in Neurorehabilitation (ICCP) summarized the studies on this field to provide guidance on its use. Methods: A review of the existing reviews and meta-analyses was performed to assess the magnitude of the placebo effect in disorders that may undergo neurorehabilitation treatment. The search was performed on Pubmed using placebo, pain, and the names of neurological disorders as keywords. Methodological quality was assessed using a pre-existing checklist. Data about the magnitude of the placebo effect were extracted from the included reviews and were commented in a narrative form. Results: 11 articles were included in this review. Placebo treatments showed weak effects in central neuropathic pain (pain reduction from 0.44 to 0.66 on a 0-10 scale) and moderate effects in postherpetic neuralgia (1.16), in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (1.45), and in pain associated to HIV (1.82). Moderate effects were also found on pain due to fibromyalgia and migraine; only weak short-term effects were found in complex regional pain syndrome. Confounding variables might have influenced these results. Clinical implications: These estimates should be interpreted with caution, but underscore that the placebo effect can be exploited in neurorehabilitation programs. It is not necessary to conceal its use from the patient. Knowledge of placebo mechanisms can be used to shape the doctor-patient relationship, to reduce the use of analgesic drugs and to train the patient to become an active agent of the therapy.
2019-10-29T17:26:57Z
2019-10-29T17:26:57Z
2018-05-18
Review
1664-2295
310
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/95197
https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2018.00310
9
29867723
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Frontiers
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1040062024-03-14T15:27:16Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_70873col_10919_24321
2021-06-24T23:42:14Z
urn:hdl:10919/104006
Religion, Sexual Orientation, and Suicide Attempts Among a Sample of Suicidal Adolescents
Shearer, Annie
Russon, Jody M.
Herres, Joanna
Wong, Amanda
Jacobs, Carrie
Diamond, Gary M.
Diamond, Guy S.
1701 Psychology
Psychiatry
Despite condemnation of same-sex attraction by certain religious groups, few studies have explored the relationship between religion, same-sex attraction, and suicidality. This study examined the moderating effect of same-sex attraction on the relationship between parent/adolescent religiosity and suicide ideation/attempts in a suicidal adolescent sample (N = 129). Linear and negative binomial regressions tested the effects of a two-way dichotomous (same-sex attraction, yes/ no) by continuous (religiosity) interaction on ideation and attempts, respectively. The interaction was not significant for ideation. However, high religiosity was associated with more attempts in youth reporting same-sex attraction but fewer attempts in those reporting opposite-sex attraction only.
2021-06-24T23:42:14Z
2021-06-24T23:42:14Z
2018-08
2021-06-24T23:42:12Z
Article - Refereed
0363-0234
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104006
https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12372
48
4
Russon, Jody [0000-0002-5629-2626]
en
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
Wiley
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/744442024-03-13T14:09:39Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_70873col_10919_24321
2017-01-28T02:52:49Z
urn:hdl:10919/74444
Neither here nor there: Working with transnational immigrant families in marriage and family therapy
Muruthi, Bertranna Abrams
Bermudez, J. Maria
Chou, Jessica
Farnham, Andrea
2017-01-28T02:52:49Z
2017-01-28T02:52:49Z
2015-06
2015, May/June
Article - Refereed
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74444
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1165922023-11-06T17:59:36Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_19035com_10919_5539com_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_105038col_10919_24290col_10919_24321
2023-11-02T13:03:29Z
urn:hdl:10919/116592
TaleMate: Collaborating with Voice Agents for Parent-Child Joint Reading Experiences
Vargas-Diaz, Daniel
Karunaratna, Sulakna
Kim, Jisun
Lee, Sang Won
Choi, Koeun
Joint reading is a key activity for early learners, with caregiver-child interactions such as questioning and feedback playing an essential role in children’s cognitive and linguistic development. However, for some parents, actively engaging children in storytelling can be challenging. To address this, we introduce TaleMate—a platform designed to enhance shared reading by leveraging conversational agents that have been shown to support children’s engagement and learning. TaleMate enables a dynamic, participatory reading experience where parents and children can choose which characters they wish to embody. Moreover, the system navigates the challenges posed by digital reading tools, such as decreased parent-child interaction, and builds upon the benefits of traditional and digital reading techniques. TaleMate offers an innovative approach to fostering early reading habits, bridging the gap between traditional joint reading practices and the digital reading landscape.
2023-11-02T13:03:29Z
2023-11-02T13:03:29Z
2023-10-29
2023-11-01T08:00:44Z
Article - Refereed
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/116592
https://doi.org/10.1145/3586182.3616699
en
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
The author(s)
In Copyright
ACM
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1135652023-01-31T08:15:26Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_70873col_10919_24321
2023-01-30T19:20:18Z
urn:hdl:10919/113565
Preschoolers’ attention to and learning from on-screen characters that vary by effort and efficiency: An eye-tracking study
Choi, Koeun
Schlesinger, Molly A.
Franchak, John M.
Richert, Rebekah A.
efficiency
effort
eye-tracking
media characters
selective social learning
visual attention
Clinical Research
Pediatric
Prior findings are mixed regarding the extent to which children understand others’ effort in early childhood. Especially, little is known about how character effort impacts children’s selective attention and learning. This study examined preschoolers’ visual attention to and learning from two on-screen characters: One character exerting high effort with low efficiency and another character exerting low effort with high efficiency in solving problems successfully. Children between 3.5 and 6.5 years of age (N = 70) watched a video of the two on-screen characters successfully solving problems. Children’s eye movements were recorded during viewing. Each of the two on-screen characters consistently displayed either high effort/low efficiency or low effort/high efficiency to solve four problems (familiarization). For the final problem (testing), the two characters exerted the same level of effort as each other and used unique solutions to solve the problem. Children then solved the final problem themselves using real objects. Children could selectively use either character’s solution demonstrated in the video. Lastly, children explicitly judged how good the characters were at solving problems. Younger children were more likely to use the solution demonstrated by the character with high effort/low efficiency, whereas older children were more likely to use the solution provided by another character with low effort/high efficiency. Younger children allocated more attention to the high effort/low efficiency character than the low effort/high efficiency character, but this pattern was modified by age such that children’s gaze to the low effort/high efficiency character increased with age. Children’s explicit credibility judgments did not differ by character or child age. The findings are discussed with respect to preschoolers’ understanding of effort and implications for children’s learning from screen media.
2023-01-30T19:20:18Z
2023-01-30T19:20:18Z
2022-12-15
2023-01-29T19:14:23Z
Article - Refereed
1664-1078
PMC9798126
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/113565
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1011172
13
Choi, Koeun [0000-0001-7906-459X]
36591107
1664-1078
en
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36591107
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Frontiers
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/963082023-04-18T18:49:04Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24252com_10919_5555com_10919_23744com_10919_79468com_10919_78628col_10919_70873col_10919_24321col_10919_23745col_10919_79471
2020-01-07T16:03:22Z
urn:hdl:10919/96308
The Medicare mental health coverage gap: How licensed professional counselors navigate Medicare-ineligible provider status
Fullen, Matthew C.
Wiley, Jonathan D.
Morgan, Amy A.
This interpretative phenomenological analysis explored licensed professional counselors’ experiences of turning away Medicare beneficiaries because of the current Medicare mental health policy. Researchers used semi-structured interviews to explore the client-level barriers created by federal legislation that determines professional counselors as Medicare-ineligible providers. An in-depth presentation of one superordinate theme, ineffectual policy, along with the emergent themes confounding regulations, programmatic inconsistencies, and impediment to care, illustrates the proximal barriers Medicare beneficiaries experience when actively seeking out licensed professional counselors for mental health care. Licensed professional counselors’ experiences indicate that current Medicare provider regulations interfere with mental health care accessibility and availability for Medicare-insured populations. Implications for advocacy are discussed.
2020-01-07T16:03:22Z
2020-01-07T16:03:22Z
2019
2020-01-07T16:03:19Z
Article - Refereed
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/96308
9
4
Fullen, Matthew [0000-0002-6534-6622]
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1010312022-03-29T17:38:06Zcom_10919_24215com_10919_5539com_10919_24252com_10919_5555com_10919_79468com_10919_78628col_10919_24289col_10919_24321col_10919_79471
2020-12-07T19:34:45Z
urn:hdl:10919/101031
Illuminating inequality in access: Variation in enrollment in undergraduate engineering programs across Virginia's high schools
Knight, David B.
Grohs, Jacob R.
Bradburn, Isabel S.
Kinoshita, Timothy J.
Vaziri, Stacey
Matusovich, Holly M.
Carrico, Cheryl
Engineering Education
Human Development and Family Science
diversity
engineering pathways
high school
Education, Higher
Background Determining the root causes of persistent underrepresentation of different subpopulations in engineering remains a continued challenge. Because place-based variation of resource distribution is not random and because school and community contexts influence high school outcomes, considering variation across those contexts should be paramount in broadening participation research. Purpose/Hypothesis This study takes a macroscopic systems view of engineering enrollments to understand variation across one state's public high school rates of engineering matriculation. Design/Method This study uses a dataset from the Virginia Longitudinal Data System that includes all students who completed high school from a Virginia public school from 2007 to 2014 (N= 685,429). We explore geographic variation in four-year undergraduate engineering enrollment as a function of gender, race/ethnicity, and economically disadvantaged status. Additionally, we investigate the relationship between characteristics of the high school and community contexts and undergraduate engineering enrollment across Virginia's high schools using regression analysis. Results Our findings illuminate inequality in enrollment in engineering programs at four-year institutions across high schools by gender, race, and socioeconomic status (and the intersections among those demographics). Different high schools have different engineering enrollment rates among students who attend four-year postsecondary institutions. We show strong associations between high schools' engineering enrollment rates and four-year institution enrollment rates as well as moderate associations for high schools' community socioeconomic status. Conclusions Strong systemic forces need to be overcome to broaden participation in engineering. We demonstrate the insights that state longitudinal data systems can illuminate in engineering education research.
2020-12-07T19:34:45Z
2020-12-07T19:34:45Z
2020-10-06
Article - Refereed
1069-4730
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101031
https://doi.org/10.1002/jee.20352
2168-9830
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International
Virginia
United States
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1093572023-11-29T19:07:50Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_5540com_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_70873col_10919_71752col_10919_24321
2022-03-18T14:31:52Z
urn:hdl:10919/109357
Internet Addiction, Cognitive, and Dispositional Factors among US Adults
Devine, Diana
Ogletree, Aaron M.
Shah, Priti
Katz, Benjamin
While a growing body of literature has examined internet addiction in the context of psychological factors, most of this work has focused on younger populations outside of the United States. A sample of 898 US adults ranging from 18 to 76 years of age were recruited through Amazon's Mechanical Turk platform to complete the Internet Addiction Test and key measures of affect, disposition, and cognitive function. A series of multiple regressions were conducted to examine Internet Addiction level as a predictor of outcome variables. ANCOVAs with Fisher 's LSD post-hoc analyses were conducted using level of internet addiction as the grouping variable to examine differences between groups. Results found that Internet Addiction was a significant predictor of depression, impulsiveness, self-control, need for cognition, theories of cognitive abilities, creativity achievement, cognitive failures, smartphone use behaviors, mental rotation test, and cognitive reflection test. Further, even mild levels of internet addiction were associated with less optimal outcomes. Additionally, a significant relation between age and internet addiction also emerged such that older adults were less likely to have higher levels of internet addiction than younger adults.
However, age did not appear to modulate the association between internet addiction status and key psychological variables. To further elucidate the mechanisms and impact of internet addiction throughout the life course, future studies should collect online and in-person data, from individuals across a variety of backgrounds, throughout the lifespan.
2022-03-18T14:31:52Z
2022-03-18T14:31:52Z
2022-05
2022-03-18T14:27:45Z
Article - Refereed
2451-9588
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/109357
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2022.100180
6
Katz, Benjamin [0000-0002-5612-7540]
Devine, Diana [0000-0001-5409-2631]
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
United States
Elsevier
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1039982024-03-15T17:01:20Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_70873col_10919_24321
2021-06-24T23:37:35Z
urn:hdl:10919/103998
Attachment-based family therapy in the age of telehealth and COVID-19
Levy, Suzanne
Mason, Syreeta
Russon, Jody M.
Diamond, Guy S.
ABFT
COVID-19
telehealth
The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed so many aspects of our lives. For psychotherapists, telehealth is likely a permanent part of the future mental health landscape. For family therapists using a manualized treatment, this brings unique challenges and creative opportunities. In this article, we describe the adaptation of attachment-based family therapy (ABFT) in the context of telehealth and COVID-19. ABFT is an empirically supported treatment model designed for adolescents and young adults struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma, and suicide. ABFT is a semi-structured, process-oriented, and trauma-informed family therapy model which presents its own unique challenges and benefits in telehealth environments. We present our adaptations based on years of telehealth clinical experience and address how this model supports the impact of COVID-19 on families.
2021-06-24T23:37:35Z
2021-06-24T23:37:35Z
2021-03-22
2021-06-24T23:37:33Z
Article - Refereed
0194-472X
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103998
https://doi.org/10.1111/jmft.12509
47
2
Russon, Jody [0000-0002-5629-2626]
33749898 (pubmed)
1752-0606
en
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000631127500001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
Wiley
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/982342020-10-09T13:08:34Zcom_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_24321
2020-05-13T13:29:08Z
urn:hdl:10919/98234
Adolescent Interventions to Manage Self-Regulation in Type 1 Diabetes (AIMS-T1D): randomized control trial study protocol
Miller, Alison L.
Lo, Sharon L.
Albright, Dana
Lee, Joyce M.
Hunter, Christine M.
Bauer, Katherine W.
King, Rosalind
Clark, Katy M.
Chaudhry, Kiren
Kaciroti, Niko
Katz, Benjamin
Fredericks, Emily M.
Self-regulation
Behavioral intervention
Medical regimen adherence
Type 1 diabetes
Adolescence
Background Self-regulation (SR), or the capacity to control one's thoughts, emotions, and behaviors in order to achieve a desired goal, shapes health outcomes through many pathways, including supporting adherence to medical treatment regimens. Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is one specific condition that requires SR to ensure adherence to daily treatment regimens that can be arduous and effortful (e.g., monitoring blood glucose). Adolescents, in particular, have poor adherence to T1D treatment regimens, yet it is essential that they assume increased responsibility for managing their T1D as they approach young adulthood. Adolescence is also a time of rapid changes in SR capacity and thus a compelling period for intervention. Promoting SR among adolescents with T1D may thus be a novel method to improve treatment regimen adherence. The current study tests a behavioral intervention to enhance SR among adolescents with T1D. SR and T1D medical regimen adherence will be examined as primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. Methods We will use a randomized control trial design to test the impact of a behavioral intervention on three SR targets: Executive Functioning (EF), Emotion Regulation (ER), and Future Orientation (FO); and T1D medical regimen adherence. Adolescents with T1D (n = 94) will be recruited from pediatric endocrinology clinics and randomly assigned to treatment or control group. The behavioral intervention consists of working memory training (to enhance EF), biofeedback and relaxation training (to enhance ER), and episodic future thinking training (to enhance FO) across an 8-week period. SR and treatment regimen adherence will be assessed at pre- and post-test using multiple methods (behavioral tasks, diabetes device downloads, self- and parent-report). We will use an intent-to-treat framework using generalized linear mixed models to test our hypotheses that: 1) the treatment group will demonstrate greater improvements in SR than the control group, and 2) the treatment group will demonstrate better treatment regimen adherence outcomes than the control group. Discussion If successful, SR-focused behavioral interventions could improve health outcomes among adolescents with T1D and have transdiagnostic implications across multiple chronic conditions requiring treatment regimen adherence.
2020-05-13T13:29:08Z
2020-05-13T13:29:08Z
2020-03-07
Article - Refereed
112
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/98234
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-020-2012-7
20
1
32145739
1471-2431
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/930042020-10-09T13:08:34Zcom_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_24321
2019-08-08T18:40:05Z
urn:hdl:10919/93004
Editorial: Dyadic Coping
Bodenmann, Guy
Falconier, Mariana K.
Randall, Ashley K.
dyadic coping
couple support
spousal support
social support
emotion co-regulation
2019-08-08T18:40:05Z
2019-08-08T18:40:05Z
2019-06-27
Article - Refereed
1664-1078
1498
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/93004
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01498
10
31316443
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Frontiers
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/985012020-10-22T03:36:10Zcom_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_24252com_10919_5555com_10919_24212com_10919_5553col_10919_78791col_10919_24321col_10919_24333
2020-05-20T17:01:10Z
urn:hdl:10919/98501
The Decline in Intrinsic Connectivity Between the Salience Network and Locus Coeruleus in Older Adults: Implications for Distractibility
Lee, Tae-Ho
Kim, Sun Hyung
Katz, Benjamin
Mather, Mara
Human Development and Family Science
Psychology
functional connectivity
older adults
locus coeruleus
fMRI
resting-state activity
We examined functional connectivity between the locus coeruleus (LC) and the salience network in healthy young and older adults to investigate why people become more prone to distraction with age. Recent findings suggest that the LC plays an important role in focusing processing on salient or goal-relevant information from multiple incoming sensory inputs (Mather et al., 2016). We hypothesized that the connection between LC and the salience network declines in older adults, and therefore the salience network fails to appropriately filter out irrelevant sensory signals. To examine this possibility, we used resting-state-like fMRI data, in which all task-related activities were regressed out (Fair et al., 2007; Elliott et al., 2019) and performed a functional connectivity analysis based on the time-course of LC activity. Older adults showed reduced functional connectivity between the LC and salience network compared with younger adults. Additionally, the salience network was relatively more coupled with the frontoparietal network than the default-mode network in older adults compared with younger adults, even though all task-related activities were regressed out. Together, these findings suggest that reduced interactions between LC and the salience network impairs the ability to prioritize the importance of incoming events, and in turn, the salience network fails to initiate network switching (e.g., Menon and Uddin, 2010; Uddin, 2015) that would promote further attentional processing. A chronic lack of functional connection between LC and salience network may limit older adults' attentional and executive control resources.
2020-05-20T17:01:10Z
2020-05-20T17:01:10Z
2020-01-31
Article - Refereed
1663-4365
2
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/98501
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2020.00002
12
32082136
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/920062023-11-29T19:08:48Zcom_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_5540com_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_78791col_10919_18629col_10919_71752col_10919_24321
2019-07-29T12:07:36Z
urn:hdl:10919/92006
A scoping review of mental health prevention and intervention initiatives for infants and preschoolers at risk for socio-emotional difficulties
McLuckie, Alan
Landers, Ashley L.
Curran, Janet A.
Cann, Robin
Carrese, Domenica H.
Nolan, Alicia
Corrigan, Kim
Carrey, Normand J.
Background
Infant mental health has emerged as a unique area of practice and research distinguished from child and youth sub-specialties by its advocacy for a relational practice framework with an emphasis on parents/caregivers being integral to assessment, treatment, and prevention initiatives. A diverse array of initiatives offered across a broad spectrum of delivery methods is available to clinicians. However, to date, a large-scale mapping of the research evidence regarding these interventions has yet to be completed to help inform clinician’s decisions regarding the best approaches for their clients. To address this knowledge gap, this study aimed to report on the landscape of research pertaining to mental health interventions for infants and preschoolers (0–5 years), and their families at risk for socio-emotional difficulties and negative developmental outcomes.
Method
A scoping review methodology was used to conduct a large-scale mapping of the intervention research pertaining to infants and preschoolers (0–5) at risk for socio-emotional difficulties. We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, LILACS, ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source, World Cat, and ClinicalTrials.gov, from inception to December 31, 2012. We extracted information regarding publication date, geographical location, study design, level of risk, population, key intervention mechanism, and outcome measures.
Results
We identified 533 potential studies from 1233 title and abstracts after the first round of screening. Full text article review in the second round of screening resulted in a total of 162 included articles for the final analysis. Results indicated that over 50% of interventions evaluated were randomized controlled trials conducted in Westernized countries. Most studies could be subdivided by level of risk within a preventative public health framework including universal, selected, indicated, and direct treatment for children formally diagnosed with a mental disorder. Risk factors experienced by children and their families were heterogeneously defined and numerous outcome measures across included studies. The results of this study are limited to the last search date of 2012.
Conclusions
Key intervention mechanisms spanned a range of approaches including parenting groups, dyadic, in-home, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and day care-based interventions. The findings are discussed in terms of implications for broad trends and gaps in research and policy for this population.
2019-07-29T12:07:36Z
2019-07-29T12:07:36Z
2019-07-23
2019-07-28T04:36:22Z
Article - Refereed
Systematic Reviews. 2019 Jul 23;8(1):183
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/92006
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-019-1043-3
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Author(s)
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1162692023-09-13T07:11:30Zcom_10919_91913com_10919_23198com_10919_24252com_10919_5555com_10919_91912col_10919_91914col_10919_24321col_10919_91916
2023-09-12T14:31:16Z
urn:hdl:10919/116269
A review of the literature: How does prenatal opioid exposure impact placental health and fetal brain development?
Humphries, Audrey
Simcox, Kim
Howell, Brittany
neonatal abstinence syndrome
neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome
neurodevelopment
opioid use disorder
placenta
placental programming hypothesis
placental signaling
In recent years, there has been a sixfold increase in the number of pregnant people with opioid use disorder (OUD). Rates of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS), previously known as neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), have significantly increased in virtually every state and demographic group (Healthcare Cost Utilization Project, HCUP, 2010). NOWS is a condition resulting from chronic exposure to either therapeutic opioid use (e.g., medication for OUD, chronic pain conditions) or nonprescribed opioid use. To date, there is no known prenatal treatment to help decrease the risk of infants developing NOWS and subsequent neurodevelopmental outcomes. Given the increasing support for how placental signaling, or placental programming, may play a role in downstream pathology, prospective research investigating how the placenta is affected by chronic opioid exposure morphologically, histologically, and at the cellular level may open up potential treatment opportunities in this field. In this review, we discuss literature exploring the physiological roles of nitric oxide and dopamine not only in the vascular development of the placenta, but also in fetal cerebral blood flow, neurogenesis, neuronal differentiation, and neuronal activity. We also discuss histological preclinical studies that suggest chronic opioid exposure to induce some combination of placental dysfunction and hypoxia in a manner similar to other well-known placental pathologies, as denoted by the compensatory neovascularization and increased utilization of the placenta's supply of trophoblast cells, which play an essential role in placental angiogenesis. Overall, we found that the current literature, while limited, suggests chronic opioid exposure negatively impacts placental function and fetal brain development on a cellular and histopathological level. We conclude that it is worthwhile to consider the placenta as a therapeutic target with the ultimate goal of decreasing the incidence of NOWS and the long-term impacts of prenatal opioid exposure.
2023-09-12T14:31:16Z
2023-09-12T14:31:16Z
2023-04
Article - Refereed
0012-1630
e22378
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/116269
https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.22378
65
3
36946682
1098-2302
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Wiley
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/858822022-02-25T21:41:07Zcom_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_78791col_10919_24321
2018-11-19T18:32:01Z
urn:hdl:10919/85882
Differential effect of motivational features on training improvements in school-based cognitive training
Katz, Benjamin
Jaeggi, Susanne M.
Buschkuehl, Martin
Stegman, Alyse
Shah, Priti
working memory
intervention
motivation
video games
n-back
Cognitive training often utilizes game-like motivational features to keep participants engaged. It is unclear how these elements, such as feedback, reward, and theming impact player performance during training. Recent research suggests that motivation and engagement are closely related to improvements following cognitive training. We hypothesized that training paradigms featuring game-like motivational elements would be more effective than a version with no motivational elements. Five distinct motivational features were chosen for examination: a real-time scoring system, theme changes, prizes, end-of-session certificates, and scaffolding to explain the lives and leveling system included in the game. One version of the game was created with all these motivational elements included, and one was created with all of them removed. Other versions removed a single element at a time. Seven versions of a game-like n-back working memory task were then created and administered to 128 students in second through eight grade at school-based summer camps in southeastern Michigan. The inclusion of real-time scoring during play, a popular motivational component in both entertainment games and cognitive training, was found to negatively impact training improvements over the three day period. Surprisingly, scaffolding to explain lives and levels also negatively impacted training gains. The other game adjustments did not significantly impact training improvement compared to the original version of the game with all features included. These findings are preliminary and are limited by both the small sample size and the brevity of the intervention. Nonetheless, these findings suggest that certain motivational elements may distract from the core cognitive training task, reducing task improvement, especially at the initial stage of learning.
2018-11-19T18:32:01Z
2018-11-19T18:32:01Z
2014-04-24
Article - Refereed
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/85882
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00242
8
en_US
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Frontiers
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/930062020-10-15T20:33:40Zcom_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_78791col_10919_24321
2019-08-08T18:40:06Z
urn:hdl:10919/93006
Brief Strategic Therapy for Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder: A Clinical and Research Protocol
Pietrabissa, Giada
Castelnuovo, Gianluca
Jackson, Jeffrey B.
Rossi, Alessandro
Manzoni, Gian Mauro
Gibson, Padraic
brief strategic therapy
bulimia nervosa
binge eating disorder
longitudinal study
psychotherapy process and outcome
Background: Although cognitive behavioral therapy is the gold standard treatments for bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED), evidence for its long-term efficacy is weak. Empirical research support the efficacy of brief strategic therapy (BST) in treating BN and BED symptoms, but its statistical significance still need to be investigated. Objective: To statistically test the long-term efficacy of the BST treatment protocols for BN and BED through one-year post-treatment. Methods: A two-group longitudinal study will be conducted. Participants will be sequentially recruited for inclusion in a state-funded community psychotherapy clinic. Multilevel growth curve modeling will be used to estimate the average growth trajectories from baseline to one year after treatment termination for the severity of the BN and BED features as measured by the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire. Discussion: Findings from this study will clarify the impact of BST in treating BN and BED symptoms. Conclusion: Translating research into practice may inform how to ensure highquality patient care.
2019-08-08T18:40:06Z
2019-08-08T18:40:06Z
2019-03-08
Article - Refereed
1664-1078
373
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/93006
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00373
10
30906269
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Frontiers
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/835122023-12-11T11:08:48Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_18629col_10919_24321
2018-06-11T12:49:36Z
urn:hdl:10919/83512
Family-based treatment for transition age youth: parental self-efficacy and caregiver accommodation
Dimitropoulos, Gina
Landers, Ashley L.
Freeman, Victoria E.
Novick, Jason
Cullen, Olivia
Engelberg, Marla
Steinegger, Cathleen
Le Grange, Daniel
Background
Family-Based Treatment (FBT) is the first line of care in paediatric treatment while adult programs focus on individualized models of care. Transition age youth (TAY) with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) are in a unique life stage and between systems of care. As such, they and their caregivers may benefit from specialized, developmentally tailored models of treatment.
Methods
The primary purpose of this study was to assess if parental self-efficacy and caregiver accommodation changed in caregivers during the course of FBT-TAY for AN. The secondary aim was to determine if changes in parental self-efficacy and caregiver accommodation contributed to improvements in eating disorder behaviour and weight restoration in the transition age youth with AN. Twenty-six participants (ages 16–22) and 39 caregivers were recruited. Caregivers completed the Parents versus Anorexia Scale and Accommodation and Enabling Scale for Eating Disorders at baseline, end-of-treatment (EOT), and 3 months follow-up.
Results
Unbalanced repeated measures designs for parental self-efficacy and caregiver accommodation towards illness behaviours were conducted using generalized estimation equations. Parental self-efficacy increased from baseline to EOT, although not significantly (p = .398). Parental self-efficacy significantly increased from baseline to 3 months post-treatment (p = .002). Caregiver accommodation towards the illness significantly decreased from baseline to EOT (p = 0.0001), but not from baseline to 3 months post-treatment (p = 1.000). Stepwise ordinary least squares regression estimates of eating disorder behaviour and weight restoration did not show that changes in parental-self efficacy and caregiver accommodation predict eating disorder behaviour or weight restoration at EOT or 3 months post-treatment.
Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate, albeit preliminary at this stage, that FBT-TAY promotes positive increases in parental self-efficacy and assists caregivers in decreasing their accommodation to illness behaviours for transition age youth with AN. However, changes in the parental factors did not influence changes in eating and weight in the transition age youth.
2018-06-11T12:49:36Z
2018-06-11T12:49:36Z
2018-06-06
2018-06-10T03:40:24Z
Article - Refereed
Journal of Eating Disorders. 2018 Jun 06;6(1):13
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83512
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-018-0196-0
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Author(s)
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1111342022-07-07T07:13:16Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_111731com_10919_5555com_10919_24252com_10919_91912com_10919_23198col_10919_70873col_10919_111733col_10919_24321col_10919_91916
2022-07-06T12:43:03Z
urn:hdl:10919/111134
Dual Caregivers of Persons Living with Dementia: The Added Stress of COVID-19 Pandemic
Atkinson, Emily
Savla, Jyoti S.
Roberto, Karen A.
Blieszner, Rosemary
McCann, Brandy R.
Knight, Aubrey L.
community services
mixed-methods
multigenerational family caregiving
older adults
rural caregivers
Serving in dual caregiving roles presents challenges and has consequences for caregivers’ physical and mental health. Forty-six dual caregivers in rural southwest Virginia participated in one semi-structured telephone interview pre-pandemic. Of these caregivers, nine dual caregivers of multiple older adults (MOA) and six caregivers of multiple generations (MG) participated in two telephone interviews during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pre-pandemic health, stress, and support data were used to compare dual caregivers of MOA and MG; differences were minimal. Responses to interviews conducted during the pandemic highlighted the effects of social restrictions on MOA and MG caregivers, revealing five themes (1) Increased isolation, (2) Increased need for vigilance, (3) Negative impact on mental health, (4) Tendency to “do it all,” and (5) Increased informal help. MOA and MG caregivers differed on managing care responsibilities and ensuring the health of care recipients. In general, dual caregivers experienced decreased mental health, increased social isolation, and increased caregiving responsibilities. Antecedents of the pandemic experiences differentiated MOA and MG caregiver. Findings suggest that programs and services should target dual caregivers’ unique needs.
2022-07-06T12:43:03Z
2022-07-06T12:43:03Z
2022-02-17
2022-07-05T18:14:36Z
Article - Refereed
2333-7214
PMC8935589
10.1177_23337214221081364 (PII)
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/111134
https://doi.org/10.1177/23337214221081364
8
Seavey, Brandy [0000-0001-6210-5332]
Blieszner, Rosemary [0000-0001-7775-5506]
Roberto, Karen [0000-0003-1153-1811]
Savla, Jyoti [0000-0001-7142-3770]
35321191
2333-7214
en
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35321191
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
SAGE
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1034322021-05-22T07:21:28Zcom_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_78791col_10919_24321
2021-05-21T15:00:53Z
urn:hdl:10919/103432
Age differences in functional network reconfiguration with working memory training
Iordan, Alexandru D.
Moored, Kyle D.
Katz, Benjamin
Cooke, Katherine A.
Buschkuehl, Martin
Jaeggi, Susanne M.
Polk, Thad A.
Peltier, Scott J.
Jonides, John
Reuter-Lorenz, Patricia A.
Human Development and Family Science
cingulo‐
opercular network
global efficiency
graph theory
intrinsic activity
participation coefficient
Sternberg task
task‐
related connectivity
Demanding cognitive functions like working memory (WM) depend on functional brain networks being able to communicate efficiently while also maintaining some degree of modularity. Evidence suggests that aging can disrupt this balance between integration and modularity. In this study, we examined how cognitive training affects the integration and modularity of functional networks in older and younger adults. Twenty three younger and 23 older adults participated in 10 days of verbal WM training, leading to performance gains in both age groups. Older adults exhibited lower modularity overall and a greater decrement when switching from rest to task, compared to younger adults. Interestingly, younger but not older adults showed increased task-related modularity with training. Furthermore, whereas training increased efficiency within, and decreased participation of, the default-mode network for younger adults, it enhanced efficiency within a task-specific salience/sensorimotor network for older adults. Finally, training increased segregation of the default-mode from frontoparietal/salience and visual networks in younger adults, while it diffusely increased between-network connectivity in older adults. Thus, while younger adults increase network segregation with training, suggesting more automated processing, older adults persist in, and potentially amplify, a more integrated and costly global workspace, suggesting different age-related trajectories in functional network reorganization with WM training.
2021-05-21T15:00:53Z
2021-05-21T15:00:53Z
2021-04-15
Article - Refereed
1065-9471
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103432
https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.25337
42
6
33534925
1097-0193
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1075752022-01-13T08:11:35Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_70873col_10919_24321
2022-01-12T19:48:09Z
urn:hdl:10919/107575
Post-training stimulation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex impairs working memory training performance
Au, Jacky
Katz, Benjamin
Moon, Austin
Talati, Sheebani
Abagis, Tessa R.
Jonides, John
Jaeggi, Susanne M.
cognitive training
consolidation
memory interference
offline tDCS
online tDCS
stimulation timing
transcranial direct current stimulation
Neurology & Neurosurgery
1109 Neurosciences
1701 Psychology
Research investigating transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to enhance cognitive training augments both our understanding of its long-term effects on cognitive plasticity as well as potential applications to strengthen cognitive interventions. Previous work has demonstrated enhancement of working memory training while applying concurrent tDCS to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). However, the optimal stimulation parameters are still unknown. For example, the timing of tDCS delivery has been shown to be an influential variable that can interact with task learning. In the present study, we used tDCS to target the right DLPFC while participants trained on a visuospatial working memory task. We sought to compare the relative efficacy of online stimulation delivered during training to offline stimulation delivered either immediately before or afterwards. We were unable to replicate previously demonstrated benefits of online stimulation; however, we did find evidence that offline stimulation delivered after training can actually be detrimental to training performance relative to sham. We interpret our results in light of evidence suggesting a role of the right DLPFC in promoting memory interference, and conclude that while tDCS may be a promising tool to influence the results of cognitive training, more research and an abundance of caution are needed before fully endorsing its use for cognitive enhancement. This work suggests that effects can vary substantially in magnitude and direction between studies, and may be heavily dependent on a variety of intervention protocol parameters such as the timing and location of stimulation delivery, about which our understanding is still nascent.
2022-01-12T19:48:09Z
2022-01-12T19:48:09Z
2021-10
2022-01-12T19:48:07Z
Article - Refereed
0360-4012
PMC8273206
NIHMS1681788
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/107575
https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.24784
99
10
Katz, Benjamin [0000-0002-5612-7540]
1097-4547
en
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33438297
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
Wiley
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1161562023-08-30T07:13:50Zcom_10919_24252com_10919_5555com_10919_24212com_10919_5553col_10919_24321col_10919_24333
2023-08-29T14:46:54Z
urn:hdl:10919/116156
From terrible twos to sassy sixes: The development of vocabulary and executive functioning across early childhood
Bruce, Madeleine
Savla, Jyoti
Bell, Martha Ann
cross-lagged panel model
development
early childhood
executive functions
longitudinal
vocabulary
Across the early childhood period of development, young children exhibit considerable growth in their executive functioning (EF) and vocabulary abilities. Understanding the developmental trajectory of these seemingly interrelated processes is important as both early vocabulary and EF have been shown to predict critical academic and socio-emotional outcomes later in childhood. Although previous research suggests that EF and vocabulary are correlated in early childhood, much of the existing longitudinal research has focused on unidirectional relations among preschool child samples. The current large-scale study, therefore, sought to examine whether children's vocabulary and EF abilities are bidirectionally related over time across four measurement waves in early childhood (i.e., at ages 2, 3, 4, and 6). At each timepoint, children's vocabulary skills were positively correlated with their concurrent EF abilities. After controlling for child sex and maternal education status, the best-fitting, cross-lagged panel model was a unidirectional model whereby children's early vocabulary scores predicted their later EF performance at each timepoint. Although age 2 EF significantly predicted age 3 vocabulary size, this association was no longer significant after accounting for maternal education status. Our results illustrate that vocabulary size plays an important role in predicting children's later EF performance across various timepoints in early childhood, even after controlling for children's initial EF scores. These findings have important implications for intervention research as fostering early vocabulary acquisition may serve as a possible avenue for improving EF outcomes in young children.
2023-08-29T14:46:54Z
2023-08-29T14:46:54Z
2023-04
Article - Refereed
1363-755X
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/116156
https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.13396
37042169
1467-7687
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Wiley
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1135822023-02-01T08:15:53Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_70873col_10919_24321
2023-01-31T14:27:19Z
urn:hdl:10919/113582
Longitudinal bidirectional relations between children’s negative affectivity and maternal emotion expressivity
Tan, Lin
Smith, Cynthia L.
childhood
maternal negative expressivity
maternal positive expressivity
negative affectivity
temperament
Although children’s negative affectivity is a temperamental characteristic that is biologically based, it is framed within and shaped by their emotional environments which are partly created by maternal emotion expressivity in the family. Children, in turn, play a role in shaping their family emotional context, which could lead to changes in mothers’ emotion expressivity in the family. However, these theorized longitudinal bidirectional relations between child negative affectivity and maternal positive and negative expressivity have not been studied from toddlerhood to early school-age. The current study utilized a cross-lagged panel model to examine the reciprocal relations between children’s negative affectivity and maternal expressivity within the family over the course of early childhood. Participants were 140 mother–child dyads (72 boys, mean age = 2.67 years, primarily White). Mothers reported the positive and negative expressivity in the family and children’s negative affectivity in toddlerhood (T1), preschool (T2), and school-age (T3). Maternal negative expressivity and child negative affectivity at T1 were significantly correlated. Maternal negative expressivity at T1 significantly predicted child negative affectivity at T3. Children’s negative affectivity at T2 significantly predicted mothers’ negative expressivity at T3. Mothers’ positive expressivity was not related to children’s negative affectivity at any of the three time points. The findings demonstrate the reciprocal relations between children’s negative affectivity and maternal negative expressivity in the family, suggesting the importance of the interplay between child temperament and maternal expressivity within the family emotional context.
2023-01-31T14:27:19Z
2023-01-31T14:27:19Z
2022-10-20
2023-01-30T21:32:14Z
Article - Refereed
1664-1078
PMC9631433
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/113582
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.983435
13
Smith, Cynthia [0000-0002-3555-8771]
36337491
1664-1078
en
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36337491
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Frontiers
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1075722022-06-16T17:38:43Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_70873col_10919_24321
2022-01-12T19:28:23Z
urn:hdl:10919/107572
Targeted self-regulation interventions in low-income children: Clinical trial results and implications for health behavior change
Lo, Sharon L.
Gearhardt, Ashley N.
Fredericks, Emily M.
Katz, Benjamin
Sturza, Julie
Kaciroti, Niko
Gonzalez, Richard
Hunter, Christine M.
Sonneville, Kendrin
Chaudhry, Kiren
Lumeng, Julie C.
Miller, Alison L.
Social Sciences
Psychology, Developmental
Psychology, Experimental
Psychology
Self-regulation
Health behavior
Intervention
Executive function
Emotion regulation
Future orientation
COGNITIVE BIAS MODIFICATION
EPISODIC FUTURE THINKING
AGE-RELATED-CHANGES
EXECUTIVE FUNCTION
TIME PERSPECTIVE
DECISION-MAKING
GAME ELEMENTS
SUBSTANCE USE
NIH TOOLBOX
ASSOCIATIONS
1701 Psychology
1702 Cognitive Sciences
Self-regulation, known as the ability to harness cognitive, emotional, and motivational resources to achieve goals, is hypothesized to contribute to health behaviors across the lifespan. Enhancing self-regulation early in life may increase positive health outcomes. During pre-adolescence, children assume increased autonomy in health behaviors (e.g., eating; physical activity), many of which involve self-regulation. This article presents results from a clinical trial (NCT03060863) that used a factorial design to test behavioral interventions designed to enhance self-regulation, specifically targeting executive functioning, emotion regulation, future-oriented thinking, and approach biases. Participants were 118 children (9–12 years of age, M = 10.2 years) who had a history of living in poverty. They were randomized to receive up to four interventions that were delivered via home visits. Self-regulation was assayed using behavioral tasks, observations, interviews, and parent- and child-report surveys. Results were that self-regulation targets were reliably assessed and that interventions were delivered with high fidelity. Intervention effect sizes were very small to moderate (d range = .02–.65, median = .14), and most were not statistically significant. Intercorrelation analyses indicated that associations between measures within each target varied based on the self-regulation target evaluated. Results are discussed with regard to the role of self-regulation-focused interventions in child health promotion. Implications of findings are reviewed for informing next steps in behavioral self-regulation interventions among children from low-income backgrounds.
2022-01-12T19:28:23Z
2022-01-12T19:28:23Z
2021-08-01
2022-01-12T19:28:21Z
Article - Refereed
0022-0965
S0022-0965(21)00075-8 (PII)
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/107572
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105157
208
Katz, Benjamin [0000-0002-5612-7540]
33910138
1096-0457
en
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000648655300015&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Public Domain
Elsevier
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1032502021-05-13T07:11:34Zcom_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_78791col_10919_24321
2021-05-12T12:27:20Z
urn:hdl:10919/103250
Touchscreens for Whom? Working Memory and Age Moderate the Impact of Contingency on Toddlers' Transfer From Video
Choi, Koeun
Kirkorian, Heather L.
Pempek, Tiffany A.
Human Development and Family Science
touchscreen
contingency
transfer
working memory
toddlers
Toddlers exhibit poor transfer between video and real-world contexts. Contingently responsive video such as that found in touchscreen apps appears to assist transfer for some toddlers but not others. This study investigated the extent to which toddlers' working memory moderates the impact of contingency on toddler's transfer of learning from video. Toddlers (24-36 months; N = 134) watched a hiding event on either (a) contingent video that advanced only after touch input or (b) non-contingent video that proceeded automatically. Toddlers then searched for a corresponding object on a felt board. Additionally, toddlers' working memory (WM) was assessed. Findings indicate WM and age moderated the impact of contingency on transfer: Contingency decreased transfer in younger children while increasing transfer among older children. However, this was only true for children with relatively low WM. Contingency had little impact on transfer among children with relatively high WM, regardless of age. Results from this study suggest that WM is one specific moderator that predicts whether toddlers are likely to learn from contingent vs. non-contingent video, yet WM does not operate in isolation. Together, these findings underscore the importance of considering multiple child characteristics when identifying the optimal conditions for toddlers' learning from symbolic media.
2021-05-12T12:27:20Z
2021-05-12T12:27:20Z
2021-02-24
Article - Refereed
1664-1078
621372
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103250
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.621372
12
33716887
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1155812023-06-30T07:12:34Zcom_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_24321
2023-06-29T15:15:10Z
urn:hdl:10919/115581
Studying stepfamilies, surfacing secrets: A reflection on the private motivations behind efforts to humanize family complexity
Sanner, Caroline
autoethnography
divorce
family structure
reflexivity
remarriage
stepfamilies
Feminist family scholars have long called for greater transparency of the partial perspectives embedded within family science. In this paper, I employ feminist reflexive autoethnography to unpack the private motivations that guide my research on family complexity. Using critical storytelling, I trace the personal developments that led to a research program on structurally complex families-families shaped and reshaped by divorce, separations, repartnerships, and remarriages. I explore my commitments to naming the invisible, embracing the messy, and ultimately, humanizing the complicated and meaningful emotions and relationships in families navigating structural changes. I draw upon personal, embodied experiences to theorize about issues and phenomena that have yet to be named in the (step)family scholarship. Finally, I invite others to heed the calls of feminist scholars whose work invites us to consider how private experiences can be leveraged to generate new insights into the complexities of family and social life.
2023-06-29T15:15:10Z
2023-06-29T15:15:10Z
2023-05
Article - Refereed
1756-2570
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/115581
https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12512
1756-2589
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Wiley
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/740192023-12-11T11:08:49Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_8195com_10919_23747com_10919_5539com_10919_24252com_10919_5555com_10919_24233com_10919_5532col_10919_70873col_10919_79524col_10919_18629col_10919_23748col_10919_24321col_10919_24308
2017-01-08T21:27:26Z
urn:hdl:10919/74019
Dietary biomarkers: advances, limitations and future directions
Hedrick, Valisa E.
Dietrich, Andrea M.
Estabrooks, Paul A.
Savla, Jyoti S.
Serrano, Elena L.
Davy, Brenda M.
Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise
Nutrition & Dietetics
Dietary biomarkers
Dietary assessment
Metabolomics
WHOLE-GRAIN WHEAT
CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE
FREE-LIVING SUBJECTS
FATTY-ACID INTAKE
RESVERATROL METABOLITES
FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE
PLASMA ALKYLRESORCINOLS
NUTRITIONAL BIOMARKERS
URINARY BIOMARKERS
SUGAR CONSUMPTION
The subjective nature of self-reported dietary intake assessment methods presents numerous challenges to obtaining accurate dietary intake and nutritional status. This limitation can be overcome by the use of dietary biomarkers, which are able to objectively assess dietary consumption (or exposure) without the bias of self-reported dietary intake errors. The need for dietary biomarkers was addressed by the Institute of Medicine, who recognized the lack of nutritional biomarkers as a knowledge gap requiring future research. The purpose of this article is to review existing literature on currently available dietary biomarkers, including novel biomarkers of specific foods and dietary components, and assess the validity, reliability and sensitivity of the markers. This review revealed several biomarkers in need of additional validation research; research is also needed to produce sensitive, specific, cost-effective and noninvasive dietary biomarkers. The emerging field of metabolomics may help to advance the development of food/nutrient biomarkers, yet advances in food metabolome databases are needed. The availability of biomarkers that estimate intake of specific foods and dietary components could greatly enhance nutritional research targeting compliance to national recommendations as well as direct associations with disease outcomes. More research is necessary to refine existing biomarkers by accounting for confounding factors, to establish new indicators of specific food intake, and to develop techniques that are cost-effective, noninvasive, rapid and accurate measures of nutritional status.
2017-01-08T21:27:26Z
2017-01-08T21:27:26Z
2012-12-14
Article - Refereed
1475-2891
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74019
https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-11-109
11
en
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000315382600001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
The Author(s)
Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic
Biomed Central
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1145902023-04-21T07:12:46Zcom_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_24321
2023-04-20T13:11:36Z
urn:hdl:10919/114590
The paradox of family support for young mothers: An interpretive phenomenology analysis
McGregor, Casey M.
Arditti, Joyce A.
gatekeeping
intergenerational families
maternal identity
phenomenology
young mothers
Objective: We sought to illuminant the lived experiences of becoming a mother during adolescence within the context of multigenerational family caregiving. Background: Adolescence is a developmental time frame during which identity formation is most salient and characterized by separation from parents (Erikson, 1968). Teenage childbearing, then, presents a unique scenario during which adolescent mothers and their families may need to renegotiate autonomy and caregiving roles. Method: Qualitative methods, and interpretive phenomenological analysis, were utilized to explore the lived experiences of nine women who became mothers before the age of 19 years. Mothers were recruited from rural, Central Appalachian regions in the United States. Results: We identified the essence of young mothers' lived experiences regarding their receipt of caregiving during the transition to parenthood as an adolescent. Mothers equated instrumental and emotional support from family with their own "lovability" and interpreted support as indicative of their evolving competence as mothers. Conclusions: Young motherhood appeared to be a developmental paradox in that their adolescent identity conflicted with their maternal identity. Implications: Young mothers would benefit from multilevel interventions. Instead, practitioners might consider supporting whole families of young mothers by providing the means to create a healthy, supportive environment for the mother and her offspring.
2023-04-20T13:11:36Z
2023-04-20T13:11:36Z
2022-11
Article - Refereed
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/114590
https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12800
1741-3729
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Wiley
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/232922023-12-11T11:08:55Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_18629col_10919_24321
2013-07-08T11:19:23Z
urn:hdl:10919/23292
Triple A (Allgrove) syndrome: an unusual association with syringomyelia
Bizzarri, Carla
Benevento, Danila
Terzi, Cesare
Huebner, Angela
Cappa, Marco
Triple A (Allgrove) syndrome was first described by Allgrove in 1978 in two pairs of siblings. Since then, about 100 cases have been reported, all of them displaying an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. Clinical picture is characterized by achalasia, alacrimia and ACTH-resistant adrenal failure. A progressive neurological syndrome including central, peripheral and autonomic nervous system impairment, and mild mental retardation is often associated. The triple A syndrome gene, designated AAAS, is localized on chromosome 12q13. It consists of 16 exons, encoding for a 546 aminoacid protein called ALADIN (Alacrimia-Achalasia-aDrenal Insufficiency Neurologic disorder).We report on a 13-year-old boy presenting with Addison’s disease, dysphagia, muscle weakness, excessive fatigue and recent onset gait ataxia. The analysis of the AAAS gene revealed a homozygous missense mutation in exon 12. It was a T > G transversion at nucleotide position 1224, resulting in a change of leucine at amino acid position 381 into arginine (Leu381Arg or L381R). Brain appearance was found normal at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional spectroscopy analysis showed normal levels of the main metabolites. Spine MRI showed a cystic cavity within the spinal cord (syringomyelia), localized between the sixth cervical vertebra and the first thoracic vertebra. Cerebellar tonsils descended 7-mm caudal to foramen magnum, consistently with a mild type 1 Chiari malformation. Mild posterior inter-vertebral disk protrusions were evident between T9 and T10 and between L4 and L5.To our knowledge, this is the first report describing type 1 Chiari malformation and multiple spinal cord abnormalities in a patient with Allgrove syndrome.
2013-07-08T11:19:23Z
2013-07-08T11:19:23Z
2013-06-24
2013-07-08T11:19:23Z
Article - Refereed
Italian Journal of Pediatrics. 2013 Jun 24;39(1):39
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23292
https://doi.org/10.1186/1824-7288-39-39
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Carla Bizzarri et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1161012023-08-25T07:11:28Zcom_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_24321
2023-08-24T14:48:32Z
urn:hdl:10919/116101
The theory of integrated empowerment in the transition to adulthood: concepts and measures
Mouchrek, Najla
Benson, Mark J.
theory
empowerment
emerging adulthood
college student development
early adult
IntroductionDevelopmental challenges in the transition to adulthood require a process of empowerment that enables young people to guide themselves and build capacities for adult commitments and roles. To examine this systemic process, we conducted an interdisciplinary investigation of constructs from prior literatures that relate to empowerment. Two foundational dimensions of empowerment emerged in relation to individual functioning and relational environments. Theoretical modelThe two dimensions are self-direction and meaningful roles in society. A creative process of theory construction informed by related literatures identified four component catalysts that drive these dimensions of empowerment among early adults: personal agency, sense of purpose, mentoring experience, and engagement in community. As developed in this article, the Integrated Empowerment Theory explains the relationships among these catalysts within the ongoing, multilayered process of empowerment in the transition to adulthood. A graphic representation in the article specifies the relationships among these theoretical concepts. Method and resultsTo advance future research based on these theoretical concepts, we constructed multi-item measures of the four catalysts drawn from indicators in the empirical literature. The resulting scales were presented to participants in an empirical test of their technical adequacies. Participants were 255 early adult college students from eight colleges at a public land-grant research university in the United States. The 18-item scale includes four subscales: agency, purpose, mentoring, and community. The study findings evidenced robust internal consistency estimates across the scales (0.79-0.96). DiscussionThe Integrated Empowerment Theory and the corresponding scales provide tools for research to understand and promote positive developmental outcomes for youth as they navigate experimentation, life choices, and identity construction. The scales also imply a logical sequence for application and intervention. The sequence corresponds to four key catalysts: Community, Agency, Mentors, and Purpose, or CAMP. Although the conceptualization and the scales draw from a college population, the constructs have potential applicability, and await future research with additional age groups. For early adults, empowerment has particularly important implications for societal contributions. Creating contexts where youth can play meaningful roles in their emerging social world holds positive potential for society.
2023-08-24T14:48:32Z
2023-08-24T14:48:32Z
2023-04
Article - Refereed
893898
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/116101
https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2023.893898
8
37139228
2297-7775
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Frontiers
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1178382024-02-05T13:05:44Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24252com_10919_5555com_10919_24217com_10919_5539com_10919_23759com_10919_111109com_10919_5538col_10919_70873col_10919_24321col_10919_24292col_10919_24352col_10919_111110
2024-02-02T18:28:53Z
urn:hdl:10919/117838
Interactive stories through robot musical theater for preschoolers’ STEAM education
Choi, Koeun
Yu, Shuqi
Kim, Jisun
Dong, Jia
Lee, Yeaji
Haines, Chelsea
Newbill, Phyllis
Upthegrove, Tanner
Wyatt, Ariana
Jeon, Myonghoon
2024-02-02T18:28:53Z
2024-02-02T18:28:53Z
2022
Conference proceeding
https://hdl.handle.net/10919/117838
Choi, Koeun [0000-0001-7906-459X]
Haines, Chelsea [0000-0003-4148-8789]
Jeon, Myounghoon [0000-0003-2908-671X]
en
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/820262024-03-13T14:09:11Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_70873col_10919_24321
2018-02-06T02:45:27Z
urn:hdl:10919/82026
Web-Based Interventions for Weight Loss or Weight Loss Maintenance in Overweight and Obese People: A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews
Sorgente, A.
Pietrabissa, Giada
Manzoni, G. M.
Re, F.
Simpson, S.
Perona, S.
Rossi, Alessandro
Cattivelli, Roberto
Innamorati, M.
Jackson, J. B.
Castelnuovo, Gianluca
Health Care Sciences & Services
Medical Informatics
Internet
review
delivery of health care
Obesity
overweight
telemedicine
weight loss
body weight maintenance
treatment outcome
Life-style interventions
Metaanalysis
Adults
Management
Programs
Trials
Update
2018-02-06T02:45:27Z
2018-02-06T02:45:27Z
2017-06-01
Article - Refereed
1438-8871
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82026
https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.6972
19
6
Jackson, JB [0000-0002-9756-7841]
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000408354200004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
JMIR Publications
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/819002024-03-13T14:09:14Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_8195com_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_70873col_10919_78791col_10919_18629col_10919_24321
2018-01-23T18:17:27Z
urn:hdl:10919/81900
Diagnoses and characteristics of autism spectrum disorders in children with Prader-Willi syndrome
Dykens, Elisabeth M.
Roof, Elizabeth
Hunt-Hawkins, Hailee
Dankner, Nathan
Lee, Evon B.
Shivers, Carolyn
Daniell, Christopher
Kim, Soo-Jeong
Clinical Neurology
Neurosciences
Neurosciences & Neurology
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS)
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
Insistence on sameness
Social impairment
Repetitive behavior
Best-estimate diagnoses
ASD screeners
MATERNAL UNIPARENTAL DISOMY
REPETITIVE BEHAVIOR
OBSERVATION SCHEDULE
REVISED ALGORITHMS
GENETIC SUBTYPES
INDIVIDUALS
PHENOTYPES
SCHIZOPHRENIA
PSYCHOSIS
SPEECH
2018-01-23T18:17:27Z
2018-01-23T18:17:27Z
2017-06-05
Article - Refereed
1866-1947
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81900
https://doi.org/10.1186/s11689-017-9200-2
9
Shivers, CM [0000-0001-8502-4471]
1866-1955
en
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000402595500001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Author(s)
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Biomed Central
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1045842022-02-25T21:41:07Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24216com_10919_5539com_10919_24252com_10919_5555com_10919_24212com_10919_5553com_10919_91912com_10919_23198col_10919_70873col_10919_24286col_10919_24321col_10919_24333col_10919_91916
2021-08-05T17:42:50Z
urn:hdl:10919/104584
Reduction of Risk Factors for ACL Re-injuries using an Innovative Biofeedback Approach: Rationale and Design
Queen, Robin M.
Peebles, Alexander T.
Miller, Thomas K.
Savla, Jyoti S.
Ollendick, Thomas H.
Messier, Stephen P.
Williams, DS Blaise III
Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics
Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine
Human Development and Family Science
Psychology
ACL
Biofeedback
Reconstruction
Tactile feedback
Visual feedback
Nearly 1 in 60 adolescent athletes will suffer anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries with 90% of these athletes electing to undergo an ACL reconstruction (ACLR) at an estimated annual cost of $3 billion. While ACLR and subsequent rehabilitation allow these athletes to return to sports, they have a 15-fold increased risk of second ACL injuries. The modification of post-operative rehabilitation to improve movement and loading symmetry using visual and tactile biofeedback could decrease the risk factors for sustaining a second ACL injury. Participants included 40 adolescent ACLR patients who were intending to return to full sport participation. This preliminary randomized controlled trial (RCT) examined the changes in knee extension moment symmetry, a known risk factor for second ACL injuries, during landing from a stop-jump task between the following time-points: pre-intervention, immediate post-intervention, and subsequent follow-up 6-weeks post-intervention. Participants met twice per week for six-weeks (12-session). The intervention included bilateral squat biofeedback (visual and tactile); the attention control group attended weekly educational sessions. This RCT enrolled and randomize 40 participants over a two-and-a-half-year period. All participants were greater than 4.5 months post-op from a primary, unilateral ACLR and were released to participate by their treating physician. The findings from this pilot biofeedback RCT will provide critical effect size estimates for use in subsequent larger clinical trials.
2021-08-05T17:42:50Z
2021-08-05T17:42:50Z
2021-06
2021-08-05T17:42:45Z
Article - Refereed
2451-8654
PMC8100073 (pmc)
S2451-8654(21)00070-3 (PII)
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104584
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conctc.2021.100769
22
Savla, Jyoti [0000-0001-7142-3770]
Queen, Robin [0000-0001-5181-9049]
33997461 (pubmed)
2451-8654
en
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33997461
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Elsevier
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1105152023-11-29T01:44:20Zcom_10919_24240com_10919_5549com_10919_19035com_10919_5539com_10919_24252com_10919_5555com_10919_24217com_10919_79468com_10919_78628col_10919_24337col_10919_24290col_10919_24321col_10919_24292col_10919_79471
2022-06-09T13:05:41Z
urn:hdl:10919/110515
Injury prevention for older adults: A dataset of safety concern narratives from online reviews of mobility-related products
Restrepo, Felipe
Mali, Namrata
Sands, Laura P.
Abrahams, Alan
Goldberg, David M.
White, Janay
Prieto, Laura
Ractham, Peter
Gruss, Richard
Zaman, Nohel
Ehsani, Johnathon P.
Safety concerns
Health informatics
Older adults
Injury preventions
Older adults are among the fastest-growing demographic groups in the United States, increasing by over a third this past decade. Consequently, the older adult consumer prod-uct market has quickly become a multi-billion-dollar in-dustry in which millions of products are sold every year. However, the rapidly growing market raises the poten-tial for an increasing number of product safety concerns and consumer product-related injuries among older adults. Recent manufacturer and consumer injury prevention efforts have begun to turn towards online reviews, as these provide valuable information from which actionable, timely intelligence can be derived and used to detect safety concerns and prevent injury. The presented dataset contains 1966 curated online product reviews from consumers, equally distributed between safety concerns and non-concerns, pertaining to product categories typically intended for older adults. Identified safety concerns were manually sub-coded across thirteen dimensions designed to capture relevant aspects of the consumer's experience with the purchased product, facilitate the safety concern identification and sub-classification process, and serve as a gold-standard, balanced dataset for text classifier learning. (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
2022-06-09T13:05:41Z
2022-06-09T13:05:41Z
2022-06
Article - Refereed
2352-3409
108044
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/110515
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2022.108044
42
35360047
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Elsevier
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1095152022-04-01T07:14:02Zcom_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_24321
2022-03-31T19:03:47Z
urn:hdl:10919/109515
Perceptual and Number Effects on Students’ Initial Solution Strategies in an Interactive Online Mathematics Game
Lee, Ji-Eun
Hornburg, Caroline Byrd
Chan, Jenny Yun-Chen
Ottmar, Erin
mathematical strategies
perceptual grouping
individual differences
mathematical structure
algebraic knowledge
This study investigated the effects of 1) proximal grouping of numbers, 2) problem-solving goals to make 100, and 3) prior knowledge on students’ initial solution strategies in an interactive online mathematics game. In this game, students transformed an initial expression into a perceptually different but mathematically equivalent goal state. We recorded students’ solution strategies and focused on the productivity of their first steps—whether their initial action led them closer to the goal. We analyzed log data within the game from 227 middle-school students solving four addition problems and four multiplication problems consisting of a total of 1,816 problem-level data points. Logistic regression modeling showed that students were more likely to use productive initial solution strategies to solve addition and multiplication problems when 1) proximity supported number grouping, 2) 100 was the problem-solving goal, and 3) students had higher prior knowledge in mathematics. Furthermore, when problem-solving goals were non-100s, students with lower prior knowledge were less likely to use productive initial solution strategies than students with higher prior knowledge. The findings of the study demonstrated that perceptual and number features influenced students’ initial solution strategies, and the effect of number features on initial solution strategies varied by students’ prior knowledge. Results yield important implications for designing instructional activities that support mathematics learning and problem-solving.
2022-03-31T19:03:47Z
2022-03-31T19:03:47Z
2022-03-31
Article - Refereed
Lee, J.-E., Hornburg, C. B., Chan, J. Y.-C., & Ottmar, E. (2022). Perceptual and Number Effects on Students’ Initial Solution Strategies in an Interactive Online Mathematics Game. Journal of Numerical Cognition, 8(1), 166-182. https://doi.org/10.5964/jnc.8323
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/109515
https://doi.org/10.5964/jnc.8323
8
1
2363-8761
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
PsychOpen
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/999882022-03-20T01:58:06Zcom_10919_111731com_10919_5555com_10919_24252com_10919_23913com_10919_91912com_10919_23198col_10919_111733col_10919_24321col_10919_23920col_10919_91916
2020-09-18T19:02:37Z
urn:hdl:10919/99988
A Long and Winding Road: Dementia Caregiving With Grit and Grace
Roberto, Karen A.
McCann, Brandy R.
Blieszner, Rosemary
Savla, Jyoti S.
Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science
Center for Gerontology
Human Development and Family Science
Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine
Dementia
Family caregivers
Longitudinal design
Qualitative analysis
Background and Objectives: Many dementia caregivers provide care for numerous years. Exhibiting grit, or commitment and persistence in the face of adversity, may bolster their ability to manage caregiving challenges. We explored grit in relationship to memory and behavior problems and response to stressors among women engaged in long-term dementia care.
Research Design and Methods: Informed by a life course perspective, and guided by stress-process theory, we interviewed 10 women with a spouse or parent initially diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment 4 times over 10 years. Using Charmaz’s analysis methods and grit as a sensitizing concept, we employed an unfolding analytic strategy involving (a) thematic analysis to identify expressions of grit in response to caregiving stressors across interviews and (b) case-by-case comparisons to assess associations of grit with the use of care strategies across caregivers over time.
Results: Dementia caregivers experienced unrelenting and changing psychosocial and physical challenges. Over time, most women exhibited a sustained commitment to the relationship through the ways in which they protected the identity of the person with dementia, modified their expectations for emotional intimacy, and managed their financial affairs. They persevered as their roles and relationships fluctuated, often finding purpose and relief through employment and leisure pursuits. As care intensified, women who took charge and consciously made decisions in the best interest of the care recipient and themselves minimized stress.
Discussion and Implications: While some caregivers exhibited grit from the outset, all showed enhanced perseverance and commitment to the ways they managed memory-related changes over time. Developing confidence in their ability to manage and provide care helped the caregivers respond to stressors with purpose and sustain their roles and responsibilities. Enhancing grit in long-term dementia caregivers may result in better individual and relational outcomes.
2020-09-18T19:02:37Z
2020-09-18T19:02:37Z
2019
Article - Refereed
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99988
https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz021
3
3
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Oxford University Press
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1003022020-10-09T13:08:35Zcom_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_24321
2020-10-07T17:45:18Z
urn:hdl:10919/100302
Examining the Factor Structure of the Home Mathematics Environment to Delineate Its Role in Predicting Preschool Numeracy, Mathematical Language, and Spatial Skills
Purpura, David J.
King, Yemimah A.
Rolan, Emily
Hornburg, Caroline Byrd
Schmitt, Sara A.
Hart, Sara A.
Ganley, Colleen M.
Human Development and Family Science
home mathematics environment
mathematics
parent-child interactions
numeracy skills
mathematical language
spatial skills
preschool
A growing body of evidence suggests that the ways in which parents and preschool children interact in terms of home-based mathematics activities (i.e., the home mathematics environment; HME) is related to children's mathematics development (e.g., primarily numeracy skills and spatial skills); however, this body of evidence is mixed with some research supporting the relation and others finding null effects. Importantly, few studies have explicitly examined the factor structure of the HME and contrasted multiple hypothesized models. To develop more precise models of how the HME supports children's mathematics development, the structure of the HME needs to be examined and linked to mathematics performance. The purpose of this study was to extend prior work by replicating the factor structure of the HME (as one general HME factor and three specific factors of direct numeracy, indirect numeracy, and spatial) and using those factors to predict direct assessments of children's numeracy, mathematical language, and spatial skills. It was hypothesized that the general HME factor would be related to each direct assessment, the direct numeracy factor would be related to both numeracy and mathematical language, and the spatial factor would be related to spatial skills. Using a sample of 129 preschool children (Mage = 4.71 years,SD= 0.55; 46.5% female), a series of confirmatory factor analyses were conducted. Results diverged somewhat from prior work as the best fitting model was a bifactor model with a general HME factor and two specific factors (one that combined direct and indirect numeracy activities and another of spatial activities) rather than three specific factors as had previously been found. Further, structural equation modeling analyses suggested that, in contrast to expectations, only the direct + indirect numeracy factor was a significant predictor of direct child assessments when accounting for age, sex, and parental education. These findings provide evidence that a bifactor model is important in understanding the structure of the HME, but only one specific factor is related to children's outcomes. Delineating the structure of the HME, and how specific facets of the HME relate to children's mathematics skills, provides a strong foundation for understanding and enhancing the mechanisms that support mathematics development.
2020-10-07T17:45:18Z
2020-10-07T17:45:18Z
2020-08-06
Article - Refereed
1664-1078
1925
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100302
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01925
11
32849131
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1123152022-11-01T12:12:32Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_111731com_10919_5555com_10919_24252col_10919_70873col_10919_111733col_10919_24321
2022-10-31T12:06:55Z
urn:hdl:10919/112315
Extended Family Caregivers for Persons Living With Dementia
Roberto, Karen A.
Savla, Jyoti S.
Alzheimer’s disease
Home-care services
Caregivers
Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD)
Neurodegenerative
Acquired Cognitive Impairment
Behavioral and Social Science
Alzheimer's Disease
Clinical Research
Dementia
Prevention
Brain Disorders
Aging
7.1 Individual care needs
7 Management of diseases and conditions
Despite changes in the structure of contemporary families, little is known about extended family members—siblings, grandchildren, nieces/nephews, stepkin—who are primary caregivers for a relative living with dementia. Information about these caregivers is needed to help ensure their needs are understood by providers in health care and social service settings. The focus of this research was on the care situations of extended family caregivers and the impact of caregiving on their health and well-being. In Study 1, data from the National Study of Caregiving were used to describe the experiences of 107 extended family caregivers. In Study 2, case study techniques elicited additional information about the experiences of 10 extended family caregivers. Collectively, these caregivers provide care with little or no formal support and occasional help from a small informal network. Caregiving affected their physical and emotional health, depending on the strength of the relationship between the caregiver and the person living with dementia and the type of care provided. Findings contribute new knowledge about extended family caregivers and highlight the important role extended family dementia caregivers play and the challenges they face.
2022-10-31T12:06:55Z
2022-10-31T12:06:55Z
2022-11-01
2022-10-28T13:48:33Z
Article - Refereed
1074-8407
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/112315
https://doi.org/10.1177/10748407221115455
28
4
Roberto, Karen [0000-0003-1153-1811]
Savla, Jyoti [0000-0001-7142-3770]
35960005
1552-549X
en
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35960005
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
SAGE
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1108202023-12-15T15:20:57Zcom_10919_5540com_10919_24252com_10919_5555com_10919_24262com_10919_5559com_10919_79468com_10919_78628col_10919_71752col_10919_24321col_10919_24344col_10919_79471
2022-06-16T20:44:46Z
urn:hdl:10919/110820
Contraceptive Needs Among Women Recently Incarcerated at a Rural Appalachian Jail
Wenzel, Sophie G.
Zabielski, Barbie
Borowski, Shelby
incarceration
jail
contraception
reproductive health
emergency contraception
rural
Background: Incarceration is associated with negative sexual and reproductive health outcomes. We examined contraceptive needs among women incarcerated at a rural Appalachian jail with emphasis on pregnancy history, recent contraceptive use, and current and near-future contraceptive needs.
Materials and Methods: A survey was administered to newly incarcerated women at a jail in Southwest Virginia. It included questions about (1) prior pregnancies; (2) pregnancy intentions, contraceptive use, and sexual activity in the 3 months before jail; (3) unprotected sex in the 5 days before jail; (4) interest in contraceptive education and access during incarceration; and (5) post-release sexual activity, pregnancy, and contraceptive plans.
Results: One hundred ninety-three women completed surveys. Analyses focused on the 95 at risk for pregnancy. Fifty-eight percent of prior pregnancies on which women provided intention information were unintended, with 74% of respondents reporting at least 1 such pregnancy. Ninety-four percent of women reported vaginal intercourse during the 3 months before jail. Only 46% of those who did not want to get pregnant reported consistent contraceptive use. Condoms and withdrawal were the most common methods used. Forty percent of women were eligible for emergency contraception (EC). Most (78%) participants anticipated sex with a man within 6 months of release, and most (63%) did not want to become pregnant within a year of release. Almost half (47%) expressed interest in receiving birth control while in jail.
Conclusions: Results support the need to offer women EC on incarceration, family planning education during confinement, and effective birth control before release.
2022-06-16T20:44:46Z
2022-06-16T20:44:46Z
2021
Article - Refereed
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/110820
https://doi.org/10.1089/whr.2021.0033
2
1
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Virginia
United States
Mary Ann Liebert
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1041352022-02-25T21:41:07Zcom_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_91913com_10919_23198com_10919_24252com_10919_5555com_10919_24212com_10919_5553com_10919_84995col_10919_78791col_10919_78882col_10919_91914col_10919_24321col_10919_24333col_10919_84996
2021-07-09T18:29:11Z
urn:hdl:10919/104135
Mental Health and Social Development Effects of the Abecedarian Approach
Sparling, Joseph
Ramey, Sharon L.
Ramey, Craig T.
Fralin Biomedical Research Institute
Psychology
School of Neuroscience
Human Development and Family Science
Abecedarian
mental health
social development
language development
equity
The Abecedarian Approach is an early intervention and contains a broad-spectrum adult/child curriculum. The Approach has been studied in three longitudinal randomized controlled trials in the USA, starting in 1972 and continuing today. Recent research studies in multiple countries have examined the Abecedarian Approach during the first three years of life. The collective findings from these studies lead to the conclusion that human development is malleable, especially in the years before school entry, and that high-quality early intervention exerts positive, early, and long-lasting influences on human development, including social development and mental health.
2021-07-09T18:29:11Z
2021-07-09T18:29:11Z
2021-06-30
2021-07-08T14:24:09Z
Article - Refereed
Sparling, J.; Ramey, S.L.; Ramey, C.T. Mental Health and Social Development Effects of the Abecedarian Approach. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 6997.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104135
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136997
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1149852023-05-10T07:13:52Zcom_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_24321
2023-05-09T12:43:03Z
urn:hdl:10919/114985
I can still hear my baby crying: The ambiguous loss of American Indian/Alaska Native birthmothers
Landers, Ashley L.
Danes, Sharon M.
Carrese, Domenica H.
Mpras, Evdoxia
Campbell, Avery R.
Hawk, Sandy White
ambiguous loss
American Indian
Alaska Native
birthmothers
grief
mental health
This study captures the experiences of American Indian/Alaska Native birthmothers who lost a child to adoption and the impact of said loss on their health and wellbeing. Few studies examine the loss experiences of American Indian/Alaska Native birthmothers despite their increased probability to lose a child to foster care and adoption. American Indian/Alaska Native birthmothers are distinct from birthmothers of other races in their experiences of intergenerational and historical child loss, having disproportionately lost their children to systematic practices of child removal via boarding schools, the adoption era, and child welfare. Interview data from 8 American Indian/Alaska Native birthmothers were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Five themes emerged including: (1) the social context of losing a child to adoption for American Indian/Alaska Native birthmothers, (2) the ambiguous loss of a child to adoption, (3) grief reactions to the loss, (4) the impact of the loss on birthmother health and wellbeing, and (5) creating resiliency. Findings suggest that American Indian/Alaska Native birthmothers experience ambiguous loss, as well as elevated mental health problems and substance abuse following the loss of a child to adoption.
2023-05-09T12:43:03Z
2023-05-09T12:43:03Z
2022-09
Article - Refereed
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/114985
https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12815
36117153
1545-5300
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Wiley
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1021442024-03-12T15:59:02Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_70873col_10919_24321
2021-02-01T16:58:58Z
urn:hdl:10919/102144
Measuring Walsh’s Family Resilience Framework: Reliability and Validity of the Family Resilience Assessment Among Women with a History of Breast Cancer
Duncan Lane, C.
Meszaros, Peggy S.
Savla, Jyoti S.
Human Development and Family Science
1608 Sociology
Family Studies
Walsh’s family resilience framework presents a comprehensive and inclusive lens of family process that may assist clinicians, family service professionals, and health care providers with understanding the functioning of individuals and families in their care. A mechanism for using this framework is needed, as is empirical evidence of its cogency. This article reports on the development of the Family Resilience Assessment, a 29-item survey intended to assess dimensions of Walsh’s framework. The Family Resilience Assessment is presented as a reliable and valid mechanism for assessing the family resilience framework. Results of the use of the survey with women with a history of breast cancer demonstrate that it is a reliable instrument with content and construct validity.
2021-02-01T16:58:58Z
2021-02-01T16:58:58Z
2017-10-03
2021-02-01T16:58:54Z
Article - Refereed
0149-4929
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102144
https://doi.org/10.1080/01494929.2016.1263588
53
7
Savla, Jyoti [0000-0001-7142-3770]
1540-9635
en
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright (InC)
Informa
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1108162023-11-29T19:15:41Zcom_10919_5540com_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_71752col_10919_24321
2022-06-16T20:44:45Z
urn:hdl:10919/110816
Parental Influences on Children’s Ethnic Identity Development
Kim, Kee Jeong
Ethnic Identity
Parental Influences
Korean-American
Immigrant Families
Parental influences on children’s ethnic identity among middle-income Korean-American families (N = 52), including fathers, mothers, and their children were examined. The sample was comprised of 23 boys and 29 girls (M = 7 years and 3 months) and their parents. Mothers and fathers were asked to respond independently to a parent's ethnic identity questionnaire; children were interviewed using a children’s ethnic identity questionnaire. Results revealed the most important predictors of children’s ethnic identity were parental teaching behaviors regarding Korean culture and history. Among the three domains in children’s ethnic identity, Korean language fluency was most affected by parental ethnic identity variables. Results indicated that mothers and fathers generally share the same attitudes toward ethnic matters; thus, it was concluded that children receive a congruent ethnic message from their parents.
2022-06-16T20:44:45Z
2022-06-16T20:44:45Z
2021-10
Article - Refereed
2693-2547
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/110816
2
10
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Institute for Promoting Research & Policy Development
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1066042021-11-12T08:11:58Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_78882col_10919_24321
2021-11-11T19:20:40Z
urn:hdl:10919/106604
Against the Odds: A Structural Equation Analysis of Family Resilience Processes during Paternal Incarceration
Morgan, Amy A.
Arditti, Joyce A.
Dennison, Susan
Frederiksen, Signe
On any given day, approximately 2.1 million children in Europe have an incarcerated parent. Although research indicates that material hardship is associated with parental incarceration, and particularly paternal incarceration, little is known about family processes that may mitigate the harmful effects of such hardship on children with an incarcerated parent. Guided by a resilience framework, this study examined how family processes mediate the effects of material hardship on youth academic adjustment within the context of paternal incarceration. Using Danish data that assessed key family constructs, structural equation modeling was used to perform a mediational within-group analysis of primary caregivers (n = 727) to children with an incarcerated father. Results indicate that although social support and parenting skills did not yield mediating effects, caregiver mental health strongly mediated the effects of material hardship on youth academic adjustment during paternal incarceration. Findings suggest that economic conditions, as well as caregiver mental health symptoms, are important areas of intervention that may promote family-level resilience for youth of an imprisoned father. We conclude with research and practice recommendations to advance our understanding of resilience among families with an incarcerated parent.
2021-11-11T19:20:40Z
2021-11-11T19:20:40Z
2021-11-04
2021-11-11T14:57:42Z
Article - Refereed
Morgan, A.A.; Arditti, J.A.; Dennison, S.; Frederiksen, S. Against the Odds: A Structural Equation Analysis of Family Resilience Processes during Paternal Incarceration. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 11592.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/106604
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111592
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1079112022-06-16T17:38:40Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_91913com_10919_23198com_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_70873col_10919_78791col_10919_91914col_10919_24321
2022-01-25T18:23:32Z
urn:hdl:10919/107911
Profiling nonhuman primate germline RNA to understand the legacy of early life stress
Morin, Elyse L.
Garza, Kristie M.
Aoued, Hadj
Sannigrahi, Soma
Siebert, Erin R.
Howell, Brittany R.
Walum, Hasse
Sanchez, Mar M.
Dias, Brian G.
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Zoology
adolescence
early life stress
infant maltreatment
nonhuman primate
RNA
sperm
GENE-REGULATION
MATERNAL-CARE
INFANT ABUSE
PUBLICATION BIAS
TRAUMA EXPOSURE
RISK-FACTORS
DISORDER
VULNERABILITY
INHERITANCE
BEHAVIOR
RNA
Exposure to stress is a risk factor for perturbed mental health, including impoverished regulation of emotional and physiological responses that accompany anxiety and mood disorders, substance abuse and behavioral disorders. Such disruptions to well-being could be triggered by discrete environmental events or pervasive early life stress (ELS) resulting for example from adverse caregiving. Recent data mostly collected from rodents exposed to anthropogenic stressors suggest that one way via which the detrimental effects of such stress extend beyond the exposed population to future offspring is via stress-induced alterations of RNA found in the paternal germline. In contrast, less attention has been paid to how naturally occurring stress in males might influence offspring biology and behavior. In this study, we used a translational nonhuman primate model of ELS caused by naturally occurring adverse caregiving of infant macaques to (1) profile total RNA in the adolescent male germline, and (2) identify how those RNA profiles are affected by exposure to ELS. Our findings that the top 100 transcripts identified correspond to transcripts related to germline biology and reproduction demonstrate the validity and feasibility of profiling RNA in the germline of rhesus macaques. While our small sample sizes precluded definitive assessment of stress-induced alterations of RNA in the male germline of rhesus macaques that experienced ELS, our study sets the foundation for future investigations of how early adversity might alter the male germline, across species and in experimental protocols that involve anthropogenic vs natural stressors.
2022-01-25T18:23:32Z
2022-01-25T18:23:32Z
2021-09-09
2022-01-25T18:23:31Z
Article - Refereed
2471-5638
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/107911
https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.2501
337
1
Howell, Brittany [0000-0002-5643-2326]
34498433
2471-5646
en
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000695732300001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Wiley
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1079102023-11-29T19:15:59Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_5540com_10919_91913com_10919_23198com_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_70873col_10919_71752col_10919_91914col_10919_24321
2022-01-25T18:22:06Z
urn:hdl:10919/107910
Advances in Behavioral Remote Data Collection in the Home Setting: Assessing the Mother-Infant Relationship and Infant's Adaptive Behavior via Virtual Visits
Shin, Eunkyung
Smith, Cynthia L.
Howell, Brittany R.
Social Sciences
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Psychology
remote data collection
behavioral observation
home setting
infant adaptive behavior
mother-infant relationship
1701 Psychology
1702 Cognitive Sciences
Psychological science is struggling with moving forward in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially due to the halting of behavioral data collection in the laboratory. Safety barriers to assessing psychological behavior in person increased the need for remote data collection in natural settings. In response to these challenges, researchers, including our team, have utilized this time to advance remote behavioral methodology. In this article, we provide an overview of our group’s strategies for remote data collection methodology and examples from our research in collecting behavioral data in the context of psychological functioning. Then, we describe the design and development of our strategies for remote data collection of mother-infant interactions, with the goal being to assess maternal sensitivity and intrusiveness, as well as infants’ adaptive behaviors in several developmental domains. During these virtual visits over Zoom, mother-infant dyads watched a book-reading video and were asked to participate in peek-a-boo, toy play, and toy removal tasks. After the behavioral tasks, a semi-structured interview (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale – VABS III) was conducted to assess the infant’s adaptive behavior in communication, socialization, daily living skills, and motor domains. We delineate the specific strategies we applied to integrate laboratory tasks and a semi-structured interview into remote data collection in home settings with mothers and infants. We also elaborate on issues encountered during remote data collection and how we resolved these challenges. Lastly, to inform protocols for future remote data collection, we address considerations and recommendations, as well as benefits and future directions for behavioral researchers in developmental psychology research.
2022-01-25T18:22:06Z
2022-01-25T18:22:06Z
2021-10-01
2022-01-25T18:22:02Z
Article - Refereed
1664-1078
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/107910
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.703822
12
Howell, Brittany [0000-0002-5643-2326]
34659017
1664-1078
en
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000710510500001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Frontiers
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1164352023-10-11T07:13:41Zcom_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_24321
2023-10-10T13:27:14Z
urn:hdl:10919/116435
Women at the margins: Experiences with spousal incarceration in India
Gupta, Shivangi
Arditti, Joyce A.
intersectional feminism
secondary prisonization
spousal incarceration
Justice-involved families in India are underserved despite concurrent challenges including inadequate penal systems and widespread poverty. Families provide emotional and financial support to incarcerated individuals-burdens that fall upon female kin who are underresourced. Women experiencing spousal incarceration in India are likely to be from marginalized sections of society, vulnerable to co-occurring forms of oppression, making intersectional feminism a suitable theoretical framework to contextualize their lives. Through consistent interactions with the carceral institution, these women become integrated in the prison culture, experiencing secondary prisonization. Intersectional feminism helps understand variations in secondary prisonization for women inhabiting different social locations. However, this population remains understudied. We bridge the gap by building a contextualized understanding of this population using intersectional feminism, by attending to scholarship that illustrates sources of marginalization including exploitive informal work, a minoritized caste identity, and a minoritized religious identity. We offer recommendations for theory and research.
2023-10-10T13:27:14Z
2023-10-10T13:27:14Z
2023-03
Article - Refereed
1756-2570
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/116435
https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12498
1756-2589
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
India
Wiley
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1079082022-01-26T08:32:03Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_91913com_10919_23198com_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_70873col_10919_91914col_10919_24321
2022-01-25T18:18:46Z
urn:hdl:10919/107908
Dear reviewers: Responses to common reviewer critiques about infant neuroimaging studies
Korom, Marta
Camacho, M. Catalina
Filippi, Courtney A.
Licandro, Roxane
Moore, Lucille A.
Dufford, Alexander
Zöllei, Lilla
Graham, Alice M.
Spann, Marisa
Howell, Brittany R.
Shultz, Sarah
Scheinost, Dustin
FIT’NG
Baby
Brain development
MRI acquisition
MRI processing
MRI safety
1103 Clinical Sciences
1109 Neurosciences
1702 Cognitive Sciences
The field of adult neuroimaging relies on well-established principles in research design, imaging sequences, processing pipelines, as well as safety and data collection protocols. The field of infant magnetic resonance imaging, by comparison, is a young field with tremendous scientific potential but continuously evolving standards. The present article aims to initiate a constructive dialog between researchers who grapple with the challenges and inherent limitations of a nascent field and reviewers who evaluate their work. We address 20 questions that researchers commonly receive from research ethics boards, grant, and manuscript reviewers related to infant neuroimaging data collection, safety protocols, study planning, imaging sequences, decisions related to software and hardware, and data processing and sharing, while acknowledging both the accomplishments of the field and areas of much needed future advancements. This article reflects the cumulative knowledge of experts in the FIT'NG community and can act as a resource for both researchers and reviewers alike seeking a deeper understanding of the standards and tradeoffs involved in infant neuroimaging.
2022-01-25T18:18:46Z
2022-01-25T18:18:46Z
2022-02-01
2022-01-25T18:18:41Z
Article - Refereed
1878-9293
PMC8733260
S1878-9293(21)00144-4 (PII)
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/107908
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2021.101055
53
Howell, Brittany [0000-0002-5643-2326]
34974250
1878-9307
en
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34974250
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Elsevier
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1121652022-10-15T07:13:47Zcom_10919_91913com_10919_23198com_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_91914col_10919_24321
2022-10-14T13:41:19Z
urn:hdl:10919/112165
Joint analyses of human milk fatty acids, phospholipids, and choline in association with cognition and temperament traits during the first 6 months of life
Li, Tengfei
Samuel, Tinu M. M.
Zhu, Ziliang
Howell, Brittany
Cho, Seoyoon
Baluyot, Kristine
Hazlett, Heather
Elison, Jed T. T.
Wu, Di
Hauser, Jonas
Sprenger, Norbert
Zhu, Hongtu
Lin, Weili
human milk
cognition and temperament
Mullen Scales of Early Learning
IBQ
receptive language
surgency
ARA
DHA
Early dietary exposure via human milk nutrients offers a window of opportunity to support cognitive and temperament development. While several studies have focused on associations of few pre-selected human milk nutrients with cognition and temperament, it is highly plausible that human milk nutrients synergistically and jointly support cognitive and behavioral development in early life. We aimed to discern the combined associations of three major classes of human milk nutrients with cognition and temperament during the first 6 months of life when human milk is the primary source of an infant's nutrition and explore whether there were persistent effects up to 18 months old. The Mullen Scales of Early Learning and Infant Behavior Questionnaires-Revised were used to assess cognition and temperament, respectively, of 54 exclusively/predominantly breastfed infants in the first 6 months of life, whose follow-ups were conducted at 6-9, 9-12, and 12-18 months old. Human milk samples were obtained from the mothers of the participants at less than 6 months of age and analyzed for fatty acids [total monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acid, total saturated fatty acid (TSFA), arachidonic acid (ARA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), ARA/DHA, omega-6/omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio (n-6/n-3)], phospholipids [phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), sphingomyelin], and choline [free choline, phosphocholine (PCho), glycerophosphocholine]. Feature selection was performed to select nutrients associated with cognition and temperament. The combined effects of selected nutrients were analyzed using multiple regression. A positive association between the arachidonic acid (ARA) and surgency was observed (p = 0.024). A significant effect of DHA, n-6/n-3, PE, and TSFA concentrations on receptive language (R-2 = 0.39, p = 0.025) and the elevated ARA, PCho, and PI with increased surgency (R-2 = 0.43, p = 0.003) was identified, suggesting that DHA and ARA may have distinct roles for temperament and language functions. Furthermore, the exploratory association analyses suggest that the effects of human milk nutrients on R.L. and surgency may persist beyond the first 6 months of life, particularly surgency at 12-18 months (p = 0.002). Our study highlighted that various human milk nutrients work together to support the development of cognition and temperament traits during early infancy.
2022-10-14T13:41:19Z
2022-10-14T13:41:19Z
2022-08-24
Article - Refereed
2296-861X
919769
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/112165
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.919769
9
36091236
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Frontiers
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/859002020-10-15T20:33:51Zcom_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_78791col_10919_24321
2018-11-19T18:32:12Z
urn:hdl:10919/85900
Third-person self-talk facilitates emotion regulation without engaging cognitive control: Converging evidence from ERP and FMRI
Moser, Jason S.
Katz, Benjamin
Does silently talking to yourself in the third-person constitute a relatively effortless form of self control? We hypothesized that it does under the premise that third-person self-talk leads people to think about the self similar to how they think about others, which provides them with the psychological distance needed to facilitate self control. We tested this prediction by asking participants to reflect on feelings elicited by viewing aversive images (Study 1) and recalling negative autobiographical memories (Study 2) using either “I” or their name while measuring neural activity via ERPs (Study 1) and fMRI (Study 2). Study 1 demonstrated that third-person self-talk reduced an ERP marker of selfreferential emotional reactivity (i.e., late positive potential) within the first second of viewing aversive images without enhancing an ERP marker of cognitive control (i.e., stimulus preceding negativity). Conceptually replicating these results, Study 2 demonstrated that third-person self-talk was linked with reduced levels of activation in an a priori defined fMRI marker of self-referential processing (i.e., medial prefrontal cortex) when participants reflected on negative memories without eliciting increased levels of activity in a priori defined fMRI markers of cognitive control. Together, these results suggest that third-person self-talk may constitute a relatively effortless form of self-control.
2018-11-19T18:32:12Z
2018-11-19T18:32:12Z
2017-07-03
Article - Refereed
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/85900
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-04047-3
7
1
en_US
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Nature Research
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/963092023-04-18T18:49:04Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24252com_10919_5555com_10919_23744com_10919_79468com_10919_78628col_10919_70873col_10919_24321col_10919_23745col_10919_79471
2020-01-07T16:09:22Z
urn:hdl:10919/96309
Bearing the Burden: Rural implications of licensed professionals' exclusion from Medicare
Fullen, Matthew C.
Wiley, Jonathan D.
Morgan, Amy A.
Medicare beneficiaries are unable to access mental health services provided by some licensed master’s-level clinicians, including licensed professional counselors (LPCs). Provider shortages in rural localities, combined with Medicare policy exclusion of these licensed mental health professionals, exacerbates rural mental health care access disparities. Very little is known about the impact of LPC exclusion from Medicare on rural beneficiaries. This study explored the lived experiences of mental health professionals who have turned away clients because of their Medicare-ineligible provider status. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was employed as a qualitative form of inquiry to guide the research design, participant recruitment, data collection, and analysis. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 9 Medicare-ineligible mental health professionals from a single, Mid-Atlantic state in the United States who have turned away clients because of their Medicare-ineligible provider status. Evidence from rural and nonrural practitioners highlighted the contextual implications of Medicare provider exclusion on rural beneficiaries. One superordinate theme, undue burden, is described through three emergent themes from the interview data: geographical disparities, intersectional hardships, and practice constraints. The results suggest that current Medicare provider regulations may create disparities of mental health care availability and accessibility for Medicare beneficiaries from rural communities. The qualitative evidence of this study describes systemic and proximal factors that result in unexpected termination, deterred help-seeking behavior, and untimely treatment for older adults and disabled clients within rural mental health care settings.
2020-01-07T16:09:22Z
2020-01-07T16:09:22Z
2019
2020-01-07T16:09:19Z
Article - Refereed
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/96309
43
4
Fullen, Matthew [0000-0002-6534-6622]
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
In Copyright
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/994382020-10-15T20:32:41Zcom_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_78791col_10919_24321
2020-07-27T19:41:36Z
urn:hdl:10919/99438
Neural correlates of working memory training: Evidence for plasticity in older adults
Iordan, Alexandru D.
Cooke, Katherine A.
Moored, Kyle D.
Katz, Benjamin
Buschkuehl, Martin
Jaeggi, Susanne M.
Polk, Thad A.
Peltier, Scott J.
Jonides, John
Reuter-Lorenz, Patricia A.
Human Development and Family Science
Brain activity typically increases with increasing working memory (WM) load, regardless of age, before reaching an apparent ceiling. However, older adults exhibit greater brain activity and reach ceiling at lower loads than younger adults, possibly reflecting compensation at lower loads and dysfunction at higher loads. We hypothesized that WM training would bolster neural efficiency, such that the activation peak would shift towards higher memory loads after training. Pre-training, older adults showed greater recruitment of the WM network than younger adults across all loads, with decline at the highest load. Ten days of adaptive training on a verbal WM task improved performance and led to greater brain responsiveness at higher loads for both groups. For older adults the activation peak shifted rightward towards higher loads. Finally, training increased task-related functional connectivity in older adults, both within the WM network and between this task-positive network and the task-negative/default-mode network. These results provide new evidence for functional plasticity with training in older adults and identify a potential signature of improvement at the neural level.
2020-07-27T19:41:36Z
2020-07-27T19:41:36Z
2020-08-15
Article - Refereed
1053-8119
116887
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99438
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116887
217
32376302
1095-9572
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1079122022-01-26T08:32:05Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_91913com_10919_23198com_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_70873col_10919_91914col_10919_24321
2022-01-25T18:24:58Z
urn:hdl:10919/107912
Human Breast Milk 3’-Sialyllactose Positively Associates with Language Development During Infancy
Cho, Seoyoon
Zhu, Ziliang
Li, Tengfei
Baluyot, Kristine
Howell, Brittany R.
Hazlett, Heather
Elison, Jed
Hauser, Jonas
Sprenger, Norbert
Wu, Di
Lin, Weili
09 Engineering
11 Medical and Health Sciences
Nutrition & Dietetics
Background: Genetic polymorphisms leading to variations in human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) composition have been reported. Alpha-Tetrasaccharide (A-tetra), an HMO, has been shown to only be present (>limit of detection; A-tetra+) in the human milk (HM) of women with blood type A, suggesting genetic origins determining the presence or absence (A-tetra-) of A-tetra in HM. Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether associations exist between HMO concentrations and cognitive development, and whether the associations vary between A-tetra+ and A-tetra- groups in children (<25 months old).
Methods: We enrolled typically developing children (2–25 months old; mean, 10 months old) who were at least partially breastfed at the study visit. The Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) were used as the primary outcome measure to assess early cognitive development. Linear mixed effects models were employed by stratifying children based on A-tetra levels (A-tetra+ or A-tetra- ) to assess associations between age-removed HMO concentrations and both MSEL composite scores and the 5 subdomain scores.
Results: A total of 99 mother-child dyads and 183HMsamples were included (A-tetra+: 57 samples, 33 dyads; A-tetra-: 126 samples, 66 dyads). No significant association was observed between HMOs and MSEL when all samples were analyzed together. The composite score and 3’-sialyllactose (3’-SL) levels were positively associated [P = 0.002; effect size (EF), 13.12; 95% CI, 5.36–20.80] in the Atetra + group. This association was driven by the receptive (adjusted P = 0.015; EF, 9.95; 95% CI, 3.91–15.99) and expressive (adjusted P = 0.048; EF, 7.53; 95% CI, 2.51–13.79) language subdomain scores. Furthermore, there was an interaction between 3’-SL and age for receptive language (adjusted P = 0.03; EF, -14.93; 95% CI, - 25.29 to -4.24).
Conclusions: Our study reports the association of 3’-SL and cognition, particularly language functions, in typically developing children who received HM containing detectable A-tetra during infancy.
2022-01-25T18:24:58Z
2022-01-25T18:24:58Z
2021
2022-01-25T18:24:56Z
Article - Refereed
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/107912
Howell, Brittany [0000-0002-5643-2326]
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1072932023-11-29T19:18:21Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_5540com_10919_24216com_10919_5539com_10919_24259com_10919_5559com_10919_91913com_10919_23198com_10919_24252com_10919_5555com_10919_84995com_10919_5553col_10919_70873col_10919_71752col_10919_24286col_10919_24342col_10919_91914col_10919_24321col_10919_84996
2021-12-30T17:46:41Z
urn:hdl:10919/107293
Early influences of microbiota on white matter development in germ-free piglets
Ahmed, Sadia
Travis, Sierrah
Díaz-Bahamonde, Francisca
Porter, Demisha
Henry, Sara
Ravipati, Aditya
Booker, Aryn
Ding, Hanzhang
Ju, Jing
Ramesh, Ashwin
Pickrell, Alicia M.
Wang, Maosen
LaConte, Stephen M.
Howell, Brittany R.
Yuan, Lijuan
Morton, Paul D.
0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology
1109 Neurosciences
Abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), as well as the underlying white matter (WM) tracts, lie at the intersection of many neurodevelopmental disorders. The influence of microorganisms on brain development has recently been brought into the clinical and research spotlight as alterations in commensal microbiota are implicated in such disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, depression, and anxiety via the gut-brain axis. In addition, gut dysbiosis is common in preterm birth patients who often display diffuse WM injury and delayed WM maturation in critical tracts including those within the PFC and corpus callosum. Microbial colonization of the gut aligns with ongoing postnatal processes of oligodendrogenesis and the peak of brain myelination in humans; however, the influence of microbiota on gyral WM development remains elusive. Here, we develop and validate a neonatal germ-free swine model to address these issues, as piglets share key similarities in WM volume, developmental trajectories, and distribution to humans. We find significant region-specific reductions, and sexually dimorphic trends, in WM volume, oligodendrogenesis, and mature oligodendrocyte numbers in germ-free piglets during a key postnatal epoch of myelination. Our findings indicate that microbiota plays a critical role in promoting WM development during early life when the brain is vulnerable to environmental insults that can result in an array of disabilities manifesting later in life.
2021-12-30T17:46:41Z
2021-12-30T17:46:41Z
2021-12-27
2021-12-30T17:46:30Z
Article - Refereed
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/107293
https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2021.807170
15
Pickrell, Alicia [0000-0002-8470-6056]
Morton, Paul [0000-0002-3657-0115]
Yuan, Lijuan [0000-0003-0709-5228]
1662-5102
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Frontiers
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1183122024-03-12T17:17:57Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24259com_10919_5559com_10919_25796com_10919_24252com_10919_5555com_10919_84995com_10919_5553col_10919_78882col_10919_24342col_10919_25797col_10919_24321col_10919_84996
2024-03-12T17:50:13Z
urn:hdl:10919/118312
Risk of Excess Maternal Folic Acid Supplementation in Offspring
Xu, Xiguang
Zhang, Ziyu
Lin, Yu
Xie, Hehuang
Folate, also known as vitamin B9, facilitates the transfer of methyl groups among molecules, which is crucial for amino acid metabolism and nucleotide synthesis. Adequate maternal folate supplementation has been widely acknowledged for its pivotal role in promoting cell proliferation and preventing neural tube defects. However, in the post-fortification era, there has been a rising concern regarding an excess maternal intake of folic acid (FA), the synthetic form of folate. In this review, we focused on recent advancements in understanding the influence of excess maternal FA intake on offspring. For human studies, we summarized findings from clinical trials investigating the effects of periconceptional FA intake on neurodevelopment and molecular-level changes in offspring. For studies using mouse models, we compiled the impact of high maternal FA supplementation on gene expression and behavioral changes in offspring. In summary, excessive maternal folate intake could potentially have adverse effects on offspring. Overall, we highlighted concerns regarding elevated maternal folate status in the population, providing a comprehensive perspective on the potential adverse effects of excessive maternal FA supplementation on offspring.
2024-03-12T17:50:13Z
2024-03-12T17:50:13Z
2024-03-06
2024-03-12T16:38:05Z
Article - Refereed
Xu, X.; Zhang, Z.; Lin, Y.; Xie, H. Risk of Excess Maternal Folic Acid Supplementation in Offspring. Nutrients 2024, 16, 755.
https://hdl.handle.net/10919/118312
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16050755
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/896032022-02-25T21:41:07Zcom_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_78791col_10919_24321
2019-05-22T15:00:34Z
urn:hdl:10919/89603
Aging and network properties: Stability over time and links with learning during working memory training
Iordan, Alexandru D.
Cooke, Katherine A.
Moored, Kyle D.
Katz, Benjamin
Buschkuehl, Martin
Jaeggi, Susanne M.
Jonides, John
Peltier, Scott J.
Polk, Thad A.
Reuter-Lorenz, Patricia A.
functional connectivity
graph theory
intraclass correlation
intrinsic activity
reliability analysis
Growing evidence suggests that healthy aging affects the configuration of large-scale functional brain networks. This includes reducing network modularity and local efficiency. However, the stability of these effects over time and their potential role in learning remain poorly understood. The goal of the present study was to further clarify previously reported age effects on “resting-state” networks, to test their reliability over time, and to assess their relation to subsequent learning during training. Resting-state fMRI data from 23 young (YA) and 20 older adults (OA) were acquired in 2 sessions 2 weeks apart. Graph-theoretic analyses identified both consistencies in network structure and differences in module composition between YA and OA, suggesting topological changes and less stability of functional network configuration with aging. Brain-wide, OA showed lower modularity and local efficiency compared to YA, consistent with the idea of age-related functional dedifferentiation, and these effects were replicable over time. At the level of individual networks, OA consistently showed greater participation and lower local efficiency and within-network connectivity in the cingulo-opercular network, as well as lower intra-network connectivity in the default-mode network and greater participation of the somato-sensorimotor network, suggesting age-related differential effects at the level of specialized brain modules. Finally, brain-wide network properties showed associations, albeit limited, with learning rates, as assessed with 10 days of computerized working memory training administered after the resting-state sessions, suggesting that baseline network configuration may influence subsequent learning outcomes. Identification of neural mechanisms associated with learning-induced plasticity is important for further clarifying whether and how such changes predict the magnitude and maintenance of training gains, as well as the extent and limits of cognitive transfer in both younger and older adults.
2019-05-22T15:00:34Z
2019-05-22T15:00:34Z
2018-01-04
Article - Refereed
16634365
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/89603
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2017.00419
9
29354048
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Frontiers Media S.A.
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1106012022-06-11T07:12:29Zcom_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_24321
2022-06-10T13:57:45Z
urn:hdl:10919/110601
Effective parenting in stepfamilies: Empirical evidence of what works
Sanner, Caroline
Ganong, Lawrence
Coleman, Marilyn
Berkley, Steven
childrearing
remarriage
stepchild
stepfamilies
stepparent
systematic review
Objective The purpose of this study was to examine research evidence about effective childrearing in stepfamilies (i.e., parenting practices that contribute to children's physical, cognitive, and emotional well-being). Background Stepfamilies are increasingly common. Studies show that children in stepfamilies tend to be at higher risk for negative outcomes than children in first-married biological-parent families. As research on stepfamilies has expanded, researchers have made strides in identifying parenting practices that promote positive outcomes for children in stepfamilies. Method We reviewed 37 studies that contained empirical evidence of effective parenting by biological or adoptive parents of children in stepfamilies. Results Researchers have identified numerous actions employed by parents that are linked to children's positive outcomes. Effective parenting practices fall broadly into five domains: (a) maintaining close parent-child bonds, (b) establishing appropriate parent-child communication boundaries, (c) exercising parental control, (d) supporting stepparent-stepchild relationship development, and (e) facilitating stepfamily cohesion. Conclusions Effective childrearing in stepfamilies involves carefully managing competing family needs, such as the need to balance shared family time with one-on-one parent-child time or the need to establish open parent-child communication boundaries in some areas but closed boundaries in others. Implications Parents have available to them a number of empirically supported action items linked to child well-being in stepfamilies.
2022-06-10T13:57:45Z
2022-06-10T13:57:45Z
2022-05-16
Article - Refereed
0197-6664
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/110601
https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12703
1741-3729
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Wiley
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1178932024-03-13T14:08:23Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24252com_10919_5555com_10919_24212com_10919_5553com_10919_84995col_10919_70873col_10919_24321col_10919_24333col_10919_84996
2024-02-08T14:04:40Z
urn:hdl:10919/117893
A collection of 157 individual neuromelanin-sensitive images accompanied by non-linear neuromelanin-sensitive atlas and a probabilistic locus coeruleus atlas
Lee, Tae-Ho
Kim, Sun Hyung
Neal, Joshua
Katz, Benjamin
Kim, Il Hwan
The current dataset aims to support and enhance the research reliability of neuromelanin regions in the brain- stem, such as locus coeruleus (LC), by offering raw neuromelanin-sensitive images. The dataset includes raw neuromelanin-sensitive images from 157 healthy individuals (8–64 years old). In addition, leveraging individual neuromelanin-sensitive images, a non-linear neuromelanin- sensitive atlas, generated through an iterative warping pro- cess, is included to tackle the common challenge of a limited field of view in neuromelanin-sensitive images. Finally, the dataset encompasses a probabilistic LC atlas generated through a majority voting approach with pre-existing multiple atlas-based segmentations. This process entails warping pre-existing atlases onto individual spaces and identifying voxels with a majority consensus of over 50 % across the atlases. This LC probabilistic atlas can minimize uncertainty variance associated with choosing a specific single atlas.
2024-02-08T14:04:40Z
2024-02-08T14:04:40Z
2024-02
Article - Refereed
https://hdl.handle.net/10919/117893
53
Lee, Tae-Ho [0000-0001-6458-0620]
Katz, Benjamin [0000-0002-5612-7540]
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1155572023-06-29T07:12:09Zcom_10919_24252com_10919_5555col_10919_24321
2023-06-28T12:55:31Z
urn:hdl:10919/115557
Dating and friendships in adolescence: Variation across same-sex and other-sex romantic partners
Wesche, Rose
Kreager, Derek A.
Ramirez, Nayan G.
Gupta, Shivangi
dating
peer relationships
sexual minority youth
This research examined associations between dating and number of friends for rural adolescents with same-sex and other-sex dating partners using longitudinal sociometric data (N = 2826; 55% female, 87% White, mean age = 14 at baseline). In multilevel models assessing within-person change, boys gained female friends when they were in same-sex romantic relationships, compared to when they were single. In contrast, girls in same-sex relationships lost female friends and gained male friends. Adolescents in other-sex romantic relationships gained same-sex friends compared to when they were single. Results advance understanding of adolescent social and sexual development, suggesting that sexual minority adolescents find allies when dating but may struggle to maintain same-sex friendships.
2023-06-28T12:55:31Z
2023-06-28T12:55:31Z
2023-05
Article - Refereed
1050-8392
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/115557
https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12865
37211755
1532-7795
en
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Wiley