2024-03-29T09:38:06Zhttps://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/server/oai/requestoai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1119962023-04-28T13:05:17Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24216com_10919_5539com_10919_24259com_10919_5559com_10919_23765com_10919_24261com_10919_23261com_10919_24263com_10919_91912com_10919_23198col_10919_70873col_10919_24286col_10919_24342col_10919_24353col_10919_24343col_10919_23262col_10919_24345col_10919_91916
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Hendricks-Wenger, Alissa
author
Arnold, Lauren
author
Gannon, Jessica
author
Simon, Alex
author
Singh, Neha
author
Sheppard, Hannah
author
Nagai-Singer, Margaret A.
author
Imran, Khan Mohammed
author
Lee, Kiho
author
Clark-Deener, Sherrie
author
Byron, Christopher R.
author
Edwards, Michael R.
author
Larson, Martha M.
author
Rossmeisl, John H.
author
Coutermarsh-Ott, Sheryl
author
Eden, Kristin
author
Dervisis, Nikolaos G.
author
Klahn, Shawna L.
author
Tuohy, Joanne L.
author
Allen, Irving C.
author
Vlaisavljevich, Eli
author
2021-09-03
New therapeutic strategies are direly needed in the fight against cancer. Over the last decade, several tumor ablation strategies have emerged as stand-alone or combination therapies. Histotripsy is the first completely noninvasive, nonthermal, and nonionizing tumor ablation method. Histotripsy can produce consistent and rapid ablations, even near critical structures. Additional benefits include real-time image guidance, high precision, and the ability to treat tumors of any predetermined size and shape. Unfortunately, the lack of clinically and physiologically relevant preclinical cancer models is often a significant limitation with all focal tumor ablation strategies. The majority of studies testing histotripsy for cancer treatment have focused on small animal models, which have been critical in moving this field forward and will continue to be essential for providing mechanistic insight. While these small animal models have notable translational value, there are significant limitations in terms of scale and anatomical relevance. To address these limitations, a diverse range of large animal models and spontaneous tumor studies in veterinary patients have emerged to complement existing rodent models. These models and veterinary patients are excellent at providing realistic avenues for developing and testing histotripsy devices and techniques designed for future use in human patients. Here, we provide a review of animal models used in preclinical histotripsy studies and compare histotripsy ablation in these models using a series of original case reports across a broad spectrum of preclinical animal models and spontaneous tumors in veterinary patients.
0885-3010
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/111996
https://doi.org/10.1109/TUFFC.2021.3110083
69
1
Vlaisavljevich, Eli [0000-0002-4097-6257]
Larson, Martha [0000-0003-4229-5866]
Clark-Deener, Sherrie [0000-0002-6620-0625]
Allen, Irving [0000-0001-9573-5250]
Dervisis, Nikolaos [0000-0003-2869-1483]
Eden, Kristin [0000-0001-5309-5830]
34478363
1525-8955
Medical imaging
medical transducers
system and device design
therapeutics
CAVITATIONAL ULTRASOUND THERAPY
HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA
COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY
TISSUE STIFFNESS
VX-2 TUMOR
LIVER
DOGS
OSTEOSARCOMA
FREQUENCY
PIGS
Cancer
Histotripsy Ablation in Preclinical Animal Models of Cancer and Spontaneous Tumors in Veterinary Patients: A Review
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/483692023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5523com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_5548col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Currin, John F.
author
Whittier, W. Dee
author
Currin, Nancy
author
2009-05-01
Mycoplasma is a tiny bacterium that can cause mastitis, metritis, pneumonia, drooped ears, and lameness in dairy cattle. While this bacterium has existed for more than 100 years, the current disease has only recently become a problem in Virginia.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48369
http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/404/404-038/404-038_pdf.pdf
Dairy Cattle
Veterinary medicine
Mycoplasma in Dairy Cattle
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/751272023-06-14T17:50:14Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24259com_10919_5559com_10919_24261com_10919_111086com_10919_5532col_10919_70873col_10919_24342col_10919_24343col_10919_111087
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Lei, Shaohua
author
Ryu, Junghyun
author
Wen, Ke
author
Twitchell, Erica
author
Bui, Tammy
author
Ramesh, Ashwin
author
Weiss, Mariah
author
Li, Guohua
author
Samuel, Helen
author
Clark-Deener, Sherrie
author
Jiang, Xi
author
Lee, Kiho
author
Yuan, Lijuan
author
2016-04-27
Application of genetically engineered (GE) large animals carrying multi-allelic modifications has been hampered by low efficiency in production and extended gestation period compared to rodents. Here, we rapidly generated RAG2/IL2RG double knockout pigs using direct injection of CRISPR/Cas9 system into developing embryos. RAG2/IL2RG deficient pigs were immunodeficient, characterized by depletion of lymphocytes and either absence of or structurally abnormal immune organs. Pigs were maintained in gnotobiotic facility and evaluated for human norovirus (HuNoV) infection. HuNoV shedding lasted for 16 days in wild type pigs, compared to 27 days (until the end of trials) in RAG2/IL2RG deficient pigs. Additionally, higher HuNoV titers were detected in intestinal tissues and contents and in blood, indicating increased and prolonged HuNoV infection in RAG2/IL2RG deficient pigs and the importance of lymphocytes in HuNoV clearance. These results suggest that GE immunodeficient gnotobiotic pigs serve as a novel model for biomedical research and will facilitate HuNoV studies.
2045-2322
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/75127
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep25222
6
Clark-Deener, S [0000-0002-6620-0625]
Yuan, Lijuan [0000-0003-0709-5228]
blood group antigen
one-step generation
in-vivo
immunocompromised patients
vaccine development
united-states
knockout pigs
b-cells
gastroenteritis
gene
Increased and prolonged human norovirus infection in RAG2/IL2RG deficient gnotobiotic pigs with severe combined immunodeficiency
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1045782023-11-29T19:07:05Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_5540com_10919_24261com_10919_5559com_10919_111086com_10919_5532col_10919_70873col_10919_71752col_10919_24343col_10919_111087
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Marrella, Mackenzie A.
author
White, Robin R.
author
Dias, Nicholas W.
author
Timlin, Claire
author
Pancini, Stefania
author
Currin, John F.
author
Clark, Sherrie G.
author
Stewart, Jamie L.
author
Mercadante, Vitor R. G.
author
Bradford, Heather L.
author
2021-07
The objective of this study was to assess differences in reproductive performance of natural service and artificial insemination (<b>AI</b>) sired beef females based on pregnancy outcomes, age at first calving, and calving interval. Data were sourced from 8,938 cows sired by AI bulls and 3,320 cows sired by natural service bulls between 2010 and 2017. All cows were in a commercial Angus herd with 17 management units located throughout Virginia and represented spring and fall calving seasons. All calves were born to dams managed with estrus synchronization. Pregnancy was analyzed with generalized linear mixed models and other reproductive measures with linear mixed models in R. Six models were evaluated with the dependent variables of pregnancy status at the first diagnosis, pregnancy status at the second diagnosis, pregnancy type (AI or natural service) at the first diagnosis, pregnancy type at the second diagnosis, calving interval, and age at first calving. Independent variables differed by model but included sire type of the female (AI or natural service), prebreeding measures of age, weight, and body condition score, postpartum interval, sex of the calf nursing the cow, and management group. No differences were observed between AI- and natural service-sired females based on pregnancy status at first and second pregnancy diagnosis (<i>P</i> > 0.05). Sire type was only found to be significant for age at first calving (<i>P</i> < 0.05) with AI-sired females being 26.6 ± 1.6 d older at their first calving, which was expected because AI-sired females were born early in the calving season making them older at breeding. Surprisingly, age and body condition score were not significant predictors of pregnancy (<i>P</i> > 0.05). Body weight at breeding was not significant for pregnancy (<i>P</i> > 0.05) but was significant for age at first calving (<i>P</i> < 0.05). These data suggested that lighter heifers calved earlier which contradicts our original hypothesis. Overall, commercial Angus females sired by AI or natural service bulls had similar reproductive performance. Factors that were commonly associated with reproductive success were not significant in this commercial Angus herd managed with estrus synchronization. Given the size of these data, the importance of body condition, age, and weight should be reassessed in modern genetics and management practices.
2573-2102
PMC8309952 (pmc)
txab114 (PII)
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104578
https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txab114
5
3
Bradford, Heather [0000-0001-5404-3872]
34316542 (pubmed)
2573-2102
age
age at first calving
body condition score
calving interval
cattle
pregnancy
Comparison of reproductive performance of AI- and natural service-sired beef females under commercial management
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/845382023-12-11T11:08:09Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_5540com_10919_25796com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_18629col_10919_71752col_10919_25797col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Nichols, Anne E. C.
author
Settlage, Robert E.
author
Werre, Stephen R.
author
Dahlgren, Linda A.
author
2018-08-07
Background
Tendinopathies are common and difficult to resolve due to the formation of scar tissue that reduces the mechanical integrity of the tissue, leading to frequent reinjury. Tenocytes respond to both excessive loading and unloading by producing pro-inflammatory mediators, suggesting that these cells are actively involved in the development of tendon degeneration. The transcription factor scleraxis (Scx) is required for the development of force-transmitting tendon during development and for mechanically stimulated tenogenesis of stem cells, but its function in adult tenocytes is less well-defined. The aim of this study was to further define the role of Scx in mediating the adult tenocyte mechanoresponse.
Results
Equine tenocytes exposed to siRNA targeting Scx or a control siRNA were maintained under cyclic mechanical strain before being submitted for RNA-seq analysis. Focal adhesions and extracellular matrix-receptor interaction were among the top gene networks downregulated in Scx knockdown tenocytes. Correspondingly, tenocytes exposed to Scx siRNA were significantly softer, with longer vinculin-containing focal adhesions, and an impaired ability to migrate on soft surfaces. Other pathways affected by Scx knockdown included increased oxidative phosphorylation and diseases caused by endoplasmic reticular stress, pointing to a larger role for Scx in maintaining tenocyte homeostasis.
Conclusions
Our study identifies several novel roles for Scx in adult tenocytes, which suggest that Scx facilitates mechanosensing by regulating the expression of several mechanosensitive focal adhesion proteins. Furthermore, we identified a number of other pathways and targets affected by Scx knockdown that have the potential to elucidate the role that tenocytes may play in the development of degenerative tendinopathy.
BMC Cell Biology. 2018 Aug 07;19(1):14
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/84538
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12860-018-0166-z
Novel roles for scleraxis in regulating adult tenocyte function
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/483982023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5523com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_5548col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Bailey, Thomas L.
author
Currin, John F.
author
2009-05-01
A critical evaluation of production in first lactation heifers once they reach the milking herd is important to determine the effects of the heifer rearing program.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48398
http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/404/404-285/404-285_pdf.pdf
Dairy Cattle
Veterinary medicine
Milk Production Evaluation in First Lactation Heifers
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/484802023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5523com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_5548col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Whittier, W. Dee
author
Pelzer, Kevin D.
author
Currin, Nancy
author
2009
Provides a calendar of herd health procedures for adult goats and kids
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48480
http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/412/412-501/412-501_pdf.pdf
Sheep & Goats
Veterinary Medicine
Goat-Herd Health Calendar
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/507392023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5523com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_5548col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Whittier, W. Dee
author
Bailey, Thomas L.
author
2005-09-01
Discusses the Breeding Soundness Examination, a valuable tool or predicting fertility of bulls and increasing herd reproductive performance.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50739
http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/400/400-009/400-009_pdf.pdf
Beef cattle
Veterinary medicine
Predicting Bull Fertility
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/967172022-02-26T00:17:27Zcom_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Araiza-Villanueva, Minerva
author
Avila-Calderon, Eric Daniel
author
Flores-Romo, Leopoldo
author
Calderon-Amador, Juana
author
Sriranganathan, Nammalwar
author
Al Qublan, Hamzeh
author
Witonsky, Sharon G.
author
Aguilera-Arreola, Ma. Guadalupe
author
Ruiz-Palma, Maria del Socorro
author
Ruiz, Enrico A.
author
Suarez-Gueemes, Francisco
author
Gomez-Lunar, Zulema
author
Contreras-Rodriguez, Araceli
author
2019-11-29
Membrane blebs are released from Gram-negative bacteria, however, little is known about Brucella blebs. This work pursued two objectives, the first was to determine and identify the proteins in the membrane blebs by proteomics and in silico analysis. The second aim was to evaluate the use of membrane blebs of Brucella abortus 2308 and B. abortus RB51 as an acellular vaccine in vivo and in vitro. To achieve these aims, membrane blebs from B. abortus 2308 and RB51 were obtained and then analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Brucella membrane blebs were used as a "vaccine" to induce an immune response in BALB/c mice, using the strain B. abortus RB51 as a positive vaccine control. After subsequent challenge with B. abortus 2308, CFUs in spleens were determined; and immunoglobulins IgG1 and IgG2a were measured in murine serum by ELISA. Also, activation and costimulatory molecules induced by membrane blebs were analyzed in splenocytes by flow cytometry. Two hundred and twenty eight proteins were identified in 2308 membrane blebs and 171 in RB51 blebs, some of them are well-known Brucella immunogens such as SodC, Omp2b, Omp2a, Omp10, Omp16, and Omp19. Mice immunized with membrane blebs from rough or smooth B. abortus induced similar protective immune responses as well as the vaccine B. abortus RB51 after the challenge with virulent strain B. abortus 2308 (P < 0.05). The levels of IgG2a in mice vaccinated with 2308 membrane blebs were higher than those vaccinated with RB51 membrane blebs or B. abortus RB51 post-boosting. Moreover, mice immunized with 2308 blebs increased the percentage of activated B cells (CD19(+)CD69(+)) in vitro. Therefore, membrane blebs are potential candidates for the development of an acellular vaccine against brucellosis, especially those derived from the rough strains so that serological diagnostic is not affected.
1664-302X
2714
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/96717
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02714
10
31849872
membrane blebs
Brucella abortus
vaccines
Gram-negative bacteria
brucellosis
Proteomic Analysis of Membrane Blebs of Brucella abortus 2308 and RB51 and Their Evaluation as an Acellular Vaccine
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/507112023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5523com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_5548col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Whittier, W. Dee
author
Currin, John F.
author
2005-09-01
Many advances have been made in the field of livestock parasite control over the past few years. Because parasites decrease production, control of parasites can have a direct economic impact on beef cattle operations.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50711
http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/400/400-802/400-802_pdf.pdf
Beef cattle
Veterinary medicine
Current Strategies in Parasite Control in Virginia Beef Cattle
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1003072022-07-05T13:44:32Zcom_10919_24261com_10919_5559com_10919_111086com_10919_5532col_10919_24343col_10919_111087
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Bedford, Andrea
author
Beckett, Linda
author
Harthan, Laura
author
Wang, Chong
author
Jiang, Ning
author
Schramm, Hollie H.
author
Guan, Leluo
author
Daniels, Kristy M.
author
Hanigan, Mark D.
author
White, Robin R.
author
2020-08-04
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term elevated ambient temperature on ruminal volatile fatty acid (VFA) dynamics and rumen epithelium gene expression associated with the transport and metabolism of VFA. Eight ruminally cannulated Holstein heifers (200 kg) were used in a factorial, repeated measures experiment with two treatments and two periods. During the first period, animals were provided with feed ad libitum and housed at 20 degrees C. During the second period, one group (HS) was housed at 30 degrees C and fed ad libitum. The other group (PF) was housed at 20 degrees C and pair-fed to match the intake of the HS group. During each period, animals were kept on treatment for 10 day, with sample collection on the final day. In the second period, indicators of heat stress were significantly different between PF and HS animals (P<0.05). There was a thermal environment effect on butyrate production (P<0.01) that was not associated with feed intake (P=0.43). Butyrate absorption decreased in HS animals (P<0.05) but increased in PF animals (P<0.05) from period 1 to period 2. There was a feed intake effect on BHD1 expression (P=0.04) and a tendency for a thermal environment effect (P=0.08), with expression increasing in both cases. Expression of MCT4 was affected by feed intake (P=0.003) as were all NHE genes (NHE1, NHE2, and NHE3; P<0.05). These results indicate that with low feed intake and heat stress, there are shifts in rumen VFA dynamics and in the capacity of the rumen epithelium to absorb and transport VFA.
2045-2322
13092
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100307
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69915-x
10
1
32753682
Ruminal volatile fatty acid absorption is affected by elevated ambient temperature
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/507372023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5523com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_5548col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Whittier, W. Dee
author
Currin, John F.
author
2005-09-01
Losses caused by disease represent a major obstacle to the profitability of many cow/calf beef operations. It is widely agreed that prevention rather than treatment is the most economical approach to keeping disease losses low.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50737
http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/400/400-007/400-007_pdf.pdf
Beef cattle
Veterinary medicine
Beef Cow/Calf Herd Health Program and Calendar
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/739242023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Clark-Deener, Sherrie
author
2015-05-14
After a producer has gained knowledge and experience with the breeding management of their herd or flock, they may decide to attempt a variety of assisted reproductive techniques. What exactly is included in the category of assisted reproductive techniques? The author has included timed artificial insemination – both transcervical and laparoscopic, embryo transfer, and semen collection and freezing as the techniques to be discussed in this manuscript. In technical terms, the use of various pharmaceuticals for manipulation of the estrous cycle is assisted reproductive technology, but most authors will include this material when discussing the breeding management of groups as was done in this series of proceedings articles.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73924
Advanced breeding techniques of small ruminants and camelids
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/817512023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Morgan, Stewart K.
author
Willis, Susan
author
Shepherd, Megan L.
author
2017-03-02
Background
The practice of feeding of diets containing raw animal products (RAP) to pets (dogs and cats) is discouraged by veterinary organizations and governmental public health organizations. Nevertheless, the practice of feeding RAP to pets is increasing in popularity. Pet owner motivations for feeding RAP diets to pets have not been explored and the benefits of RAP diets remain largely anecdotal. We hypothesized that pet owners feeding RAP diets would not rely on veterinary advice in choosing their pet’s diet. We also hypothesized that these owners would have lower levels of trust in veterinary advice with respect to nutrition relative to pet owners not feeding RAP.
Methods
An anonymous web-based survey was developed to identify pet owner motivations for feeding RAP diets, and to characterize the veterinarian-client relationships of individuals feeding RAP diets.
Results
There were 2,337 respondents and 2,171 completed surveys. Of survey respondents, 804 reported feeding RAP at the time of the survey. While 20% of pet owners feeding RAP relied on online resources to determine what or how much RAP to feed, only 9% reported consulting with a veterinarian in making decisions about feeding RAP. Pet owners feeding RAP reported lower levels of trust in veterinary advice both ‘in general’ and ‘with respect to nutrition’ than pet owners not feeding RAP. Most pet owners reported that a discussion regarding their pet’s nutrition does not occur at every veterinary appointment.
Discussion
Pet owners feeding a RAP diet have lower trust in veterinary advice than pet owners not feeding a RAP diet. Owners feeding RAP are more reliant on online resources than their own veterinarian in deciding what and how much RAP to feed. Pet owners perceive that nutrition is not discussed at most veterinary appointments. Therefore, there is room for improvement in the veterinarian-client communication with regards to nutrition.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81751
https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3031
Survey
Pet
Owner
Motivation
Resources
Raw
Diet
Meat
Veterinarians
Trust
Survey of owner motivations and veterinary input of owners feeding diets containing raw animal products
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/985512023-12-12T14:54:57Zcom_10919_24261com_10919_5559com_10919_24263col_10919_24343col_10919_24345
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Carr, Susan V.
author
Grant, David C.
author
DeMonaco, Stefanie M.
author
Shepherd, Megan L.
author
2020-03
Background We aimed to identify a simple test for excessive calciuresis and predict calcium oxalate (CaOx) disease in Miniature Schnauzers. We investigated the impact of postprandial time on the urine calcium to creatinine ratio (UCa/Cr) in male dogs of this breed, with the goal of improving the utility of the UCa/Cr. Hypotheses (1) Significant differences will exist in preprandial and postprandial UCa/Cr between CaOx urolith-forming and control Schnauzers. (2) The UCa/Cr will increase significantly from the first morning baseline at >= 1 postprandial time point(s) in both control and CaOx urolith-forming dogs. (3) Biochemical abnormalities and other variables may be associated with urolith status. Animals Twenty-four male Miniature Schnauzer dogs, consisting of 9 with (urolith formers) and 15 without (controls) CaOx uroliths. Methods Urine was collected before and 1, 2, 4, and 8 hours after feeding a standardized diet. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis was performed to identify the UCa/Cr cutoff that most accurately differentiates dogs based on urolith status. Results Urolith formers had significantly higher mean UCa/Cr over the course of 8 hours. The postprandial change in UCa/Cr was not significant at any time point between or within groups. The cutoff UCa/Cr value of 0.06 had a specificity of 93% (95% confidence interval [CI], 80%-100%) and a sensitivity of 56% (95% CI, 21%-86%) for identifying CaOx urolithiasis. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Urolith-forming male Miniature Schnauzers have excessive calciuresis, and the postprandial sampling time up to 8 hours is not critical. This simple urine measurement has potential as a marker of CaOx disease.
0891-6640
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/98551
https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15690
34
2
31926039
1939-1676
calciuresis
cystolithiasis
nephrolithiasis
veterinary
Measurement of preprandial and postprandial urine calcium to creatinine ratios in male Miniature Schnauzers with and without urolithiasis
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/484142023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5523com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_5548col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Petersson-Wolfe, Christina S.
author
Currin, John F.
author
2012-07-12
Many milk culture laboratories across the United States do not distinguish between environmental streptococci and Enterococcus spp. However, this document will address the inherent differences between these pathogens as well as the similarities.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48414
http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/DASC/DASC-7P/DASC-7P_pdf.pdf
Dairy Cattle
Environmental Streptococci and Enterococcus spp.: A Practical Summary for Controlling Mastitis
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1117272022-09-08T07:13:53Zcom_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Barber, Alexa M.
author
Helms, Alyssa
author
Thompson, Riley
author
Whitlock, Brian K.
author
Steffen, David J.
author
Petersen, Jessica L.
author
2021-12
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/111727
https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txab171
5
2573-2102
mutations
Whole-genome sequencing to investigate a possible genetic basis of perosomus elumbis in a calf resulting from a consanguineous mating
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/236312023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5523com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_5548col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Currin, John F.
author
Whittier, W. Dee
author
2000
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23631
Feeder and stocker health and management practices
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/737152023-12-20T11:00:01Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_8195com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_18629col_10919_24343col_10919_23146
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Elswaifi, Shaadi F.
author
Scarratt, W. Kent
author
Inzana, Thomas J.
author
2012-06-07
Histophilus somni is a Gram-negative bacterium and member of the Pasteurellaceae that is responsible for respiratory disease and other systemic infections in cattle. One of the bacterium’s virulence factors is antigenic phase variation of its lipooligosaccharide (LOS). LOS antigenic variation may occur through variation in composition or structure of glycoses or their substitutions, such as phosphorylcholine (ChoP). However, the role of ChoP in the pathogenesis of H. somni disease has not been established. In Haemophilus influenzae ChoP on the LOS binds to platelet activating factor on epithelial cells, promoting bacterial colonization of the host upper respiratory tract. However, ChoP is not expressed in the blood as it also binds C-reactive protein, resulting in complement activation and killing of the bacteria. In order to simulate the susceptibility of calves with suppressed immunity due to stress or previous infection, calves were challenged with bovine herpes virus-1 or dexamethazone 3 days prior to challenge with H. somni. Following challenge, expression of ChoP on the LOS of 2 different H. somni strains was associated with colonization of the upper respiratory tract. In contrast, lack of ChoP expression was associated with bacteria recovered from systemic sites. Histopathology of cardiac tissue from myocarditis revealed lesions containing bacterial clusters that appeared similar to a biofilm. Furthermore, some respiratory cultures contained substantial numbers of Pasteurella multocida, which were not present on preculture screens. Subsequent biofilm experiments have shown that H. somni and P. multocida grow equally well together in a biofilm, suggesting a commensal relationship may exist between the two species. Our results also showed that ChoP contributed to, but was not required for, adhesion to respiratory epithelial cells. In conclusion, expression of ChoP on H. somni LOS contributed to colonization of the bacteria to the host upper respiratory tract, but phase variable loss of ChoP expression may help the bacteria survive systemically.
Veterinary Research. 2012 Jun 07;43(1):49
0928-4249
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73715
https://doi.org/10.1186/1297-9716-43-49
43
veterinary sciences
nontypable haemophilus-influenzae
bovine endothelial-cells
immunoglobulin binding-proteins
c-reactive protein
hemophilus-somnus
phase variation
otitis-media
in-vitro
actinobacillus-pleuropneumoniae
neisseria-meningitidis
The role of lipooligosaccharide phosphorylcholine in colonization and pathogenesis of Histophilus somni in cattle
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/506962023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5523com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_5548col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Whittier, W. Dee
author
Currin, Nancy
author
Currin, John F.
author
Hall, John B.
author
2005-09-01
Calving difficulty, technically called dystocia, is a major cause of death loss in cow-calf herds. Studies indicate that dystocia is responsible for 33 percent of all calf losses and 15.4 percent of beef cattle breeding losses.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50696
http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/400/400-018/400-018_pdf.pdf
Beef cattle
Veterinary medicine
Calving Emergencies in Beef Cattle: Identification and Prevention
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/236432023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5523com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_5548col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Bailey, Thomas L.
author
Currin, John F.
author
1999
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23643
Milk production evaluation in first lactation heifers
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/236322023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5523com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_5548col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Whittier, W. Dee
author
Currin, John F.
author
2000
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23632
Beef cow/calf herd health program and calendar
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/751222023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24259com_10919_5559com_10919_24261col_10919_70873col_10919_24342col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Wen, Ke
author
Tin, Christine
author
Wang, Haifeng
author
Yang, Xingdong
author
Li, Guohua
author
Giri-Rachman, Ernawati
author
Kocher, Jacob
author
Bui, Tammy
author
Clark-Deener, Sherrie
author
Yuan, Lijuan
author
2014-04-10
This study aims to establish a human gut microbiota (HGM) transplanted gnotobiotic (Gn) pig model of human rotavirus (HRV) infection and diarrhea, and to verify the dose-effects of probiotics on HRV vaccine-induced immune responses. Our previous studies using the Gn pig model found that probiotics dose-dependently regulated both T cell and B cell immune responses induced by rotavirus vaccines. We generated the HGM transplanted neonatal Gn pigs through daily feeding of neonatal human fecal suspension to germ-free pigs for 3 days starting at 12 hours after birth. We found that attenuated HRV (AttHRV) vaccination conferred similar overall protection against rotavirus diarrhea and virus shedding in Gn pigs and HGM transplanted Gn pigs. HGM promoted the development of the neonatal immune system, as evidenced by the significantly enhanced IFN-c producing T cell responses and reduction of regulatory T cells and their cytokine production in the AttHRV-vaccinated pigs. The higher dose Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) feeding (14 doses, up to 109 colonyforming-unit [CFU]/dose) effectively increased the LGG counts in the HGM Gn pig intestinal contents and significantly enhanced HRV-specific IFN-c producing T cell responses to the AttHRV vaccine. Lower dose LGG (9 doses, up to 106 CFU/dose) was ineffective. Neither doses of LGG significantly improved the protection rate, HRV-specific IgA and IgG antibody titers in serum, or IgA antibody titers in intestinal contents compared to the AttHRV vaccine alone, suggesting that an even higher dose of LGG is needed to overcome the influence of the microbiota to achieve the immunostimulatory effect in the HGM pigs. This study demonstrated that HGM Gn pig is an applicable animal model for studying immune responses to rotavirus vaccines and can be used for studying interventions (i.e., probiotics and prebiotics) that may enhance the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of vaccines through improving the gut microbiota
1932-6203
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/75122
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0094504
9
4
Clark-Deener, S [0000-0002-6620-0625]
human rotavirus infection
flora-associated piglets
wa human rotavirus
germ-free
protective immunity
vaccine
bacteria
diarrhea
disease
immunogenicity
Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Enhanced Th1 Cellular Immunity but Did Not Affect Antibody Responses in a Human Gut Microbiota Transplanted Neonatal Gnotobiotic Pig Model
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1130282023-11-29T11:20:00Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24259com_10919_5559com_10919_103712com_10919_25796com_10919_24261col_10919_70873col_10919_24342col_10919_103713col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Tian, Debin
author
Li, Wen
author
Heffron, C. Lynn
author
Wang, Bo
author
Mahsoub, Hassan M.
author
Sooryanarain, Harini
author
Hassebroek, Anna M.
author
Clark-Deener, Sherrie
author
LeRoith, Tanya
author
Meng, Xiang-Jin
author
2022-06-14
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important but understudied zoonotic virus causing both acute and chronic viral hepatitis. A proportion of HEV-infected individuals also developed neurological diseases such as Guillain–Barre syndrome, neuralgic amyotrophy, encephalitis, and myelitis, although the mechanism remains unknown. In this study, by using an in vitro blood–brain barrier (BBB) model, we first investigated whether HEV can cross the BBB and whether the quasi-enveloped HEV virions are more permissible to the BBB than the nonenveloped virions. We found that both quasi-enveloped and nonenveloped HEVs can similarly cross the BBB and that addition of proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) has no significant effect on the ability of HEV to cross the BBB in vitro. To explore the possible mechanism of HEV entry across the BBB, we tested the susceptibility of human brain microvascular endothelial cells lining the BBB to HEV infection and showed that brain microvascular endothelial cells support productive HEV infection. To further confirm the in vitro observation, we conducted an experimental HEV infection study in pigs and showed that both quasi-enveloped and nonenveloped HEVs invade the central nervous system (CNS) in pigs, as HEV RNA was detected in the brain and spinal cord of infected pigs. The HEV-infected pigs with detectable viral RNA in CNS tissues had histological lesions in brain and spinal cord and significantly higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and interleukin 18 than the HEV-infected pigs without detectable viral RNA in CNS tissues. The findings suggest a potential mechanism of HEV-associated neuroinvasion.
0027-8424
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/113028
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2201862119
119
24
LeRoith, Tanya [0000-0002-1196-6949]
Li, Wen [0000-0002-5543-4899]
Meng, Xiang-Jin [0000-0002-2739-1334]
Clark-Deener, Sherrie [0000-0001-9206-6434] [0000-0002-6620-0625]
35671427
1091-6490
blood–brain barrier (BBB)
brain microvascular endothelial cells
central nervous system (CNS)
hepatitis E virus (HEV)
neurological disorder
Neurodegenerative
Liver Disease
Neurosciences
Hepatitis
Infectious Diseases
Digestive Diseases
Brain Disorders
Emerging Infectious Diseases
2.1 Biological and endogenous factors
2 Aetiology
Infection
Neurological
Hepatitis E virus infects brain microvascular endothelial cells, crosses the blood–brain barrier, and invades the central nervous system
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/766852023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_8195com_10919_24259com_10919_5559com_10919_24261col_10919_70873col_10919_78797col_10919_24342col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Lewis, S. Rochelle
author
Ellison, Siobhan
author
Dascanio, John J.
author
Lindsay, David S.
author
Gogal, Robert M.
author
Werre, Stephen R.
author
Surendran, Naveen
author
Breen, Meghan E.
author
Heid, Bettina
author
Andrews, Frank M.
author
Buechner-Maxwell, Virginia A.
author
Witonsky, Sharon G.
author
2014
Sarcocystis neurona is the most common cause of Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM), affecting 0.5-1% horses in the United States during their lifetimes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the equine immune responses in an experimentally induced Sarcocystis neurona infection model. Neurologic parameters were recorded prior to and throughout the 70-day study by blinded investigators. Recombinant SnSAG1 ELISA for serum and CSF were used to confirm and track disease progression. All experimentally infected horses displayed neurologic signs after infection. Neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes from infected horses displayed significantly delayed apoptosis at some time points. Cell proliferation was significantly increased in S. neurona-infected horses when stimulated nonspecifically with PMA/I but significantly decreased when stimulated with S. neurona compared to controls. Collectively, our results suggest that horses experimentally infected with S. neurona manifest impaired antigen specific response to S. neurona, which could be a function of altered antigen presentation, lack of antigen recognition, or both.
S. Rochelle Lewis, Siobhan P. Ellison, John J. Dascanio, et al., “Effects of Experimental Sarcocystis neurona-Induced Infection on Immunity in an Equine Model,” Journal of Veterinary Medicine, vol. 2014, Article ID 239495, 16 pages, 2014. doi:10.1155/2014/239495
2356-7708
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76685
https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/239495
2014
Witonsky, SG [0000-0001-5537-0947]
Effects of Experimental Sarcocystis neurona-Induced Infection on Immunity in an Equine Model.
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1155312023-06-28T07:12:03Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24259com_10919_5559com_10919_24261col_10919_78882col_10919_24342col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Saklou, Nadia
author
Pleasant, Scott
author
Lahmers, Kevin K.
author
Funk, Rebecca
author
2023-06-07
Equine Herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) typically causes mild respiratory disease, but it can also cause late-term abortion, neonatal foal death and neurologic disease. Once a horse is infected, the virus concentrates to local lymphoid tissue, where it becomes latent. The virus can be reactivated during times of stress, which can lead to the initiation of devastating outbreaks. Understanding the carriage rate of latent EHV-1 in different geographic regions is essential for managing the disease. The objective of the current study was to estimate the prevalence of latent EHV-1 and compare the frequency of each variant in the submandibular lymph nodes of horses in Virginia. Sixty-three submandibular lymph nodes were collected post-partem from horses submitted to regional labs for necropsy, and qPCR was performed. All samples were negative for the <i>gB</i> gene of EHV-1. The results demonstrated a low apparent prevalence of latent EHV-1 DNA in submandibular lymph nodes in this population of horses in Virginia. Despite this, the mainstay for outbreak prevention and mitigation continues to focus on minimizing risks and using appropriate and diligent biosecurity.
Saklou, N.; Pleasant, S.; Lahmers, K.; Funk, R. Prevalence of Latent Equid Herpesvirus Type 1 in Submandibular Lymph Nodes of Horses in Virginia. Pathogens 2023, 12, 813.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/115531
https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12060813
Prevalence of Latent Equid Herpesvirus Type 1 in Submandibular Lymph Nodes of Horses in Virginia
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/795182023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Barrett, Jennifer G.
author
2016-03-04
“Regenerative medicine” refers to therapies that aim to restore normal form and function using the body’s own biological machinery, such as stem cells and biologics. The use of regenerative medicine to treat injury and disease offers new hope to cure previously frustrating diseases and conditions. However, commercialization of biologic therapies in veterinary medicine has outpaced the speed of clinical research, and we are at risk of harming the reputation and standing of regenerative medicine before it has been fully optimized and developed. In response to this, international regulation of Veterinary Regenerative Medicine is underway... The open access format for Veterinary Regenerative Medicine offers a venue for dissemination of information about veterinary therapeutics that can accelerate translational medicine and the concept of “One Health.”
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79518
https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2016.00020
3
20
A Set of Grand Challenges for Veterinary Regenerative Medicine
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/844062023-04-14T17:49:41Zcom_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Parkinson, Nicholas J.
author
Buechner-Maxwell, Virginia A.
author
Witonsky, Sharon G.
author
Pleasant, R. Scott
author
Werre, Stephen R.
author
Ahmed, Sattar Ansar
author
2017-05-26
The innate immune response to lipopolysaccharide contributes substantially to the morbidity and mortality of gram-negative sepsis. Horses and humans share an exquisite sensitivity to lipopolysaccharide and thus the horse may provide valuable comparative insights into this aspect of the inflammatory response. MicroRNAs, small non-coding RNA molecules acting as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, have key roles in toll-like receptor signaling regulation but have not been studied in this context in horses. The central hypothesis of this study was that lipopolysaccharide induces differential microRNA expression in equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a manner comparable to humans. Illumina Next Generation Sequencing was used to characterize the basal microRNA transcriptome in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy adult horses, and to evaluate LPS-induced changes in microRNA expression in cells cultured for up to four hours. Selected expression changes were validated using quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. Only miR-155 was significantly upregulated by LPS, changing in parallel with supernatant tumor necrosis factor-α concentration. Eight additional microRNAs, including miR-146a and miR-146b, showed significant expression change with time in culture without a clear LPS effect. Target predictions indicated a number of potential immunity-associated targets for miR-155 in the horse, including SOCS1, TAB2 and elements of the PI3K signaling pathway, suggesting that it is likely to influence the acute inflammatory response to LPS. Gene alignment showed extensive conservation of the miR-155 precursor gene and associated promoter regions between horses and humans. The basal and LPS-stimulated microRNA expression pattern characterized here were similar to those described in human leukocytes. As well as providing a resource for further research into the roles of microRNAs in immune responses in horses, this will facilitate inter-species comparative study of the role of microRNAs in the inflammatory cascade during endotoxemia and sepsis.
e0177664
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/84406
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177664
12
5
28552958
1932-6203
Characterization of basal and lipopolysaccharide-induced microRNA expression in equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells using Next-Generation Sequencing
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/220702023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5523com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_5548col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Bailey, Thomas L.
author
Currin, John F.
author
2009-05-01
Addresses the expense of replacement heifer rearing and how to minimize these costs.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/22070
http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/404/404-287/404-287_pdf.pdf
Agricultural Financial Management
Heifer Inventory and the Economics of Replacement Rearing
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1037842022-03-13T03:45:22Zcom_10919_24261com_10919_5559com_10919_91436com_10919_5532col_10919_24343col_10919_97229
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Ghajar, Shayan
author
McKenzie, H. C.
author
Fike, John H.
author
McIntosh, B.
author
Tracy, B. F.
author
2021-01
Introduced cool-season grasses are dominant in Virginia's grasslands, but their high digestible energy and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) levels pose a risk for horses prone to obesity and laminitis. Native warm-season grasses (NWSGs) have lower digestible energy and NSC levels that may be more suitable for horses susceptible to laminitis. Although NWSGs have desirable characteristics, they are novel forages for horses. Little is known about NWSG intake or potential toxicity to horses or how grazing by horses may affect NWSG swards. The overall objectives of this research were to 1) assess voluntary intake, toxicological response, and apparent digestibility of NWSG hays fed to horses; and 2) evaluate the characteristics of three NWSG species under equine grazing. For the first objective, a hay feeding trial using indiangrass (IG) (Sorghastrum nutans) and big bluestem (BB) (Andropogon gerardii) was conducted with nine Thoroughbred geldings in a replicated 3 x 3 Latin square design. Voluntary dry matter intake of IG and BB hays by horses were 1.3% and 1.1% of BW/d, lower than orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata), an introduced cool-season grass, at 1.7% of BW/d (P = 0.0020). Biomarkers for hepatotoxicity remained within acceptable ranges for all treatments. Apparent dry matter digestibility (DMD) did not differ among hays, ranging from 39% to 43%. NSC levels ranged from 4.4% to 5.4%, below maximum recommended concentrations for horses susceptible to laminitis. For the second objective, a grazing trial was conducted comparing IG, BB, and eastern gamagrass (EG) (Tripsacum dactyloides) yields, forage losses, changes in vegetative composition, and effects on equine bodyweight. Nine, 0.1-ha plots were seeded with one of the three native grass treatments, and each plot was grazed by one Thoroughbred gelding in two grazing bouts, one in July and another in September 2019. IG had the greatest available forage, at 4,340 kg/ha, compared with 3,590 kg/ha from BB (P < 0.0001). EG plots established poorly, and had only 650 kg/ha available forage during the experiment. Grazing reduced standing cover of native grasses in IG and BB treatments by about 30%. Horses lost 0.5-1.5 kg BW/d on all treatments. Findings suggest IG and BB merit further consideration as forages for horses susceptible to obesity and pasture-associated laminitis.
txaa224
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103784
https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txaa224
5
1
33501415
2573-2102
equine
forage
native grasses
pasture
Evaluating digestibility and toxicity of native warm-season grasses for equines
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1045822021-08-31T18:47:00Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24261com_10919_5559com_10919_111086com_10919_5532col_10919_70873col_10919_24343col_10919_111087
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Kott, Michelle L.
author
Pancini, Stefania
author
Speckhart, Savannah L.
author
Kimble, Lauren N.
author
White, Robin R.
author
Stewart, Jamie L.
author
Johnson, Sally E.
author
Ealy, Alan D.
author
2021-07
The objective of the study was to examine how l-citrulline supplementation to ewes during mid-gestation influences placental activity, placental blood flow, lamb body weight, and carcass characteristics. Two studies were completed. A pharmacokinetic study to compare circulating plasma amino acid concentrations after a single intravenous injection of 155 µmol/kg BW l-citrulline or after an isonitrogenous amount of l-alanine (control; 465 µmol/kg BW). Increases (<i>P</i> < 0.05) in circulating citrulline concentrations were detected for 8 h after l-citrulline injection versus the control. Similarly, increases (<i>P</i> < 0.05) in circulating arginine concentrations were detected for 24 h after l-citrulline treatment. The second study used 12 ewes with twin pregnancies. Daily intravenous injections of either l-citrulline or l-alanine were administered for 39 d from d 42-45 to 81-84 of gestation. Ewes were limit-fed at 85% daily energy requirements during the injection period. A decrease (<i>P</i> < 0.0001) in body weight was observed in both treatment groups during this period. No treatment differences were observed in circulating pregnancy-specific protein B concentrations or placental blood flow during the treatment and post-treatment gestational period. No treatment differences were observed in lamb survival nor in lamb birth, weaning and slaughter weights. Treatment did not influence lamb carcass composition or organ weights. However, there was a tendency (<i>P</i> = 0.10) for an increase in antral follicle numbers in ovaries from ewe lambs derived from ewes treated with l-citrulline. In summary, a daily l-citrulline injection increased both circulating citrulline and arginine concentrations in ewes, but daily l-citrulline injections during mid-gestation did not produce any detectable changes in placental activity and blood flow, neonatal and postnatal lamb development, and lamb carcass composition at slaughter. In conclusion, no benefits in placental function and lamb development were observed after providing l-citrulline during mid-gestation in ewes exposed to a mild energy restriction, but there was an indication that follicle numbers in ewe lambs were positively influenced by l-citrulline treatment during fetal development.
2573-2102
PMC8252048 (pmc)
txab102 (PII)
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104582
https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txab102
5
3
Johnson, Sally [0000-0002-9514-4220]
Ealy, Alan [0000-0002-8507-6578]
34222828 (pubmed)
2573-2102
citrulline
lamb performance
placenta
pregnancy
uterus
Effects of mid-gestational l-citrulline supplementation to twin-bearing ewes on umbilical blood flow, placental development, and lamb production traits
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/493902023-06-14T17:50:20Zcom_10919_24261com_10919_5559com_10919_111086com_10919_5532col_10919_24343col_10919_111087
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Jiang, Honglin
author
Wang, Ying
author
Wu, Miaozong
author
Gu, Zhiliang
author
Frank, Stuart J.
author
Torres-Diaz, Roberto
author
2007-07
The objective of this study was to determine whether and how GH regulates hepatic expression of GH receptor (GHR) mRNA in cattle. Ribonuclease protection assays revealed that injection of GH in a slow-release formula increased both hepatic GHR and IGF-I mRNAs 1 wk after the injection. The increases in GHR and IGF-I mRNAs were highly correlated. Western blot analysis showed that the injection also increased liver GHR protein level. In cattle and other mammals, hepatic GHR mRNA is expressed as variants that differ in the 5'-untranslated region due to the use of different promoters in transcription and/or alternative splicing. We found that GH increased the expression of the liver-specific GHR mRNA variant GHR1A without affecting the other two major GHR mRNA variants in the bovine liver, GHR1B and GHR1C. In transient transfection analyses, GH could robustly activate reporter gene expression from a 2.7-kb GHR1A promoter, suggesting that GH augmentation of GHR1A mRNA expression in the liver is at least partially mediated at the transcriptional level. Additional transfection analyses of serially 5'-truncated fragments of this promoter narrowed the GH-responsive sequence element down to a 210-bp region that contained a putative signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) binding site. EMSAs demonstrated that this putative STAT5 binding site was able to bind to STAT5b protein. In cotransfection assays, deletion of this putative STAT5 binding site abolished most of the GH response of the GHR1A promoter. Like 1-wk GH action, 6-h (i.e. short-term) GH action also increased liver expression of GHR1A and total GHR mRNAs in cattle. These observations together suggest that GH directly stimulates the expression of one GHR mRNA variant, GHR1A, through binding STAT5 to its promoter, thereby increasing GHR mRNA and protein expression in the bovine liver.
Honglin Jiang, Ying Wang, Miaozong Wu, Zhiliang Gu, Stuart J. Frank, and Roberto Torres-Diaz. "Growth Hormone Stimulates Hepatic Expression of Bovine Growth Hormone Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acid through Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 5 Activation of a Major Growth Hormone Receptor Gene Promoter," Endocrinology 2007 148:7, 3307-3315. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2006-1738
0013-7227
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49390
http://press.endocrine.org/doi/abs/10.1210/en.2006-1738
https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2006-1738
ovine placental-lactogen
gh receptor
factor-i
transgenic mice
rat-liver
somatogenic receptors
microarray analysis
adipose-tissue
binding-sites
stat5b
endocrinology & metabolism
Growth hormone stimulates hepatic expression of bovine growth hormone receptor messenger ribonucleic acid through signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 activation of a major growth hormone receptor gene promoter
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1160292023-08-12T07:12:13Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_78882col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Patton, Molly E.
author
Andrews, Frank M.
author
Bogers, Sophie H.
author
Wong, David
author
McKenzie, Harold C.
author
Werre, Stephen R.
author
Byron, Christopher R.
author
2023-08-04
Ileus is a common life-threatening problem in horses, and currently available treatments may be ineffective. The purpose of this study was to determine whether bit chewing, a form of sham feeding, decreases the gastric emptying time (GET), small intestinal transit time (SITT), and total orocecal transit time (OCTT) in clinically normal horses in a prospective crossover study. Nine healthy horses were acclimated and fed a standardized diet. Following 24 h of fasting, self-contained video endoscopy capsules and acetaminophen were administered into the stomach via a nasogastric tube. Each horse underwent experimental (bit chewing for 20 min every 6 h) or control (no bit chewing) conditions, with a 3-week minimum washout period between conditions. The horses were enrolled in either part of the study until all video capsules were retrieved and/or 30 days lapsed. The video capsules were recovered from manure, and GET, SITT, and OCTT were determined from a video analysis. Bit chewing significantly decreased OCTT (<i>p</i> = 0.015) compared to the control conditions. Bit chewing decreased GET and SITT, but the differences were not significant. The mean (median) times determined via the video capsule analysis for the bit-chewing conditions were as follows: GET, 2.34 h (2.86 h); SITT, 3.22 h (3.65 h); and OCTT, 5.13 h (6.15 h), and for the control conditions, they were as follows: GET, 3.93 h (5 h); SITT, 3.79 h (4.4 h); and OCTT, 8.02 h (9.92 h). Bit chewing decreased OCTT in healthy horses. Because this segment of the gastrointestinal tract is frequently affected by ileus, bit chewing may be a safe and inexpensive intervention for that condition in horses. Further investigation in clinical patients with ileus is warranted.
Patton, M.E.; Andrews, F.M.; Bogers, S.H.; Wong, D.; McKenzie, H.C., III; Werre, S.R.; Byron, C.R. Effects of Bit Chewing on Gastric Emptying, Small Intestinal Transit, and Orocecal Transit Times in Clinically Normal Horses. Animals 2023, 13, 2518.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/116029
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13152518
Effects of Bit Chewing on Gastric Emptying, Small Intestinal Transit, and Orocecal Transit Times in Clinically Normal Horses
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1167042023-11-30T17:42:35Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_78882col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
White, Nathaniel A. II
author
Pelzel-McCluskey, Angela
author
2023-11-17
Horses are transported in the United States more than any other livestock species and co-mingle at various events; therefore, they are considered to be at an increased risk for infectious disease transmission. The fragmented movement of horses combined with numerous sites of co-mingling makes tracing the potential spread of a disease outbreak a necessary part of an infection control plan, both locally and nationally. The cross-movement of personnel with horses and the persistence of endemic diseases make biosecurity implementation an ongoing challenge. Although many of the risks for infection are known, there is limited documentation about the usefulness of prospective control measures. The objective of this survey was to determine horse owners’ understanding and knowledge of biosecurity practices for preventing infectious diseases in the United States. Questions covered owner demographic information, including horse use which was divided into 10 categories as follows: Pleasure/Trail Riding, Lessons/School, Western Show, English Show, Breeding, Farm/Ranch, Retired, Racing, Driving and Other. The survey was distributed by sending requests to a list of horse owner organizations, which then sent emails to their members. The email request described the survey and provided a website link to start the survey. A total of 2413 responses were collected. Analysis of the results included cross-tabulation to identify significant differences in biosecurity knowledge and awareness by horse use. Significant differences by horse use were identified for vaccination, biosecurity planning, use of isolation, disease risk, monitoring for diseases, co-mingling of horses, sanitation, medical decision making and health record requirements for horse events. In summary, the results suggest that most owners are not highly concerned about the risk of disease or the use of biosecurity. There are several biosecurity applications and techniques which can be increased and will benefit horse health and welfare. These include reliance on temperature monitoring, isolation of new horses at facilities, risks of horse mingling, entry requirements such as vaccination and health certificates at events, and an emphasis on having biosecurity plans for facilities and events where horses co-mingle. The information from this study will be used to create tools and information that horse owners and veterinarians can use to implement appropriate biosecurity practices for different types of horse uses and events.
White, N.; Pelzel-McCluskey, A. Cross-Sectional Survey of Horse Owners to Assess Their Knowledge and Use of Biosecurity Practices for Equine Infectious Diseases in the United States. Animals 2023, 13, 3550.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/116704
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13223550
Cross-Sectional Survey of Horse Owners to Assess Their Knowledge and Use of Biosecurity Practices for Equine Infectious Diseases in the United States
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/853422023-04-14T17:49:46Zcom_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Moghaddassi, Shaida
author
Eyestone, Will
author
Bishop, Colin E.
author
2014-02-21
As an initial step towards creating genetically modified cattle as a biopharming source of recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA), we report modification of the bovine albumin (bA) locus by transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)-stimulated homology-directed repair (HDR). Pedigreed bovine fibroblasts were co-transfected with TALENs and an 11.5-kb human serum albumin (HSA) minigene donor construct, designed to simultaneously disrupt and replace bovine serum albumin (BSA) expression with controlled rHSA expression in both the liver and the milk. Targeted integration of the HSA minigene was confirmed in transfected fibroblasts at a frequency of approximately 11% and transgenic bovine embryos were produced from targeted fibroblasts using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). The research delineated here lays the foundation for the future generation of transgenic rHSA cattle with the potential to provide a large-scale, reliable, and quality-controlled source of rHSA.
e89631
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/85342
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0089631
9
2
24586924
1932-6203
TALEN-Mediated Modification of the Bovine Genome for Large-Scale Production of Human Serum Albumin
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/490522023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_24259com_10919_5559com_10919_24261col_10919_24342col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Witonsky, Sharon G.
author
Gogal, Robert M.
author
Duncan, R. B.
author
Lindsay, David S.
author
2003-10
Interferon-gamma knockout (IFN-gamma KO) mice were infected with Sarcocystis neurona merozoites to characterize the immunopathology associated with infection. By day 14 postinfection (PI), mice developed splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy, characterized by marked lymphoid hyperplasia with increased numbers of germinal centers. Additional histopathologic changes included increased extramedullary hematopoiesis, multifocal mixed inflammatory infiltrates in the liver, perivascular infiltrate of the liver and lung, and interstitial pneumonia. The total number of B-cell splenocytes (P < 0.05) and the percentage of B-cells increased on day 14 PI in the spleen and on day 28 PI in the lymph nodes (P < 0.05). By day 28 PI, the number of B-cell splenocytes decreased significantly. A non-subset-specific decrease in percentages of CD4 lymphocytes throughout all lymphoid organs was observed on day 14 PI. However, total CD4 and CD44/CD4 splenocytes increased significantly by day 28 PI. Early-activation CD8 lymphocytes were reduced in the blood and spleen, whereas memory CD8 lymphocyte percentages and total numbers were significantly increased. On the basis of the results, we propose that S. neurona-infected IFN-gamma KO mice are immunocompromised and unable to clear the infection. Thus, they develop B-cell exhaustion and a delayed, but sustained. increased number of memory CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes due to chronic antigen stimulation.
Sharon G. Witonsky, Robert M. Gogal Jr., Robert B. Duncan, and David S. Lindsay (2003). "Immunopathologic effects associated with Sarcocystis neurona-infected interferon-gamma knockout mice," Journal of Parasitology, Vol. 89, No. 5, pp. 932-940. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/GE-72R
0022-3395
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49052
http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1645/GE-72R
https://doi.org/10.1645/ge-72r
equine protozoal myeloencephalitis
opossum didelphis-virginiana
cd8(+)
t-cells
toxoplasma-gondii
horses
encephalitis
sporocysts
antibodies
migration
invasion
parasitology
Immunopathologic effects associated with Sarcocystis neurona-infected interferon-gamma knockout mice
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/731872023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_8195com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_18629col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Wang, Haifeng
author
Gao, Kan
author
Wen, Ke
author
Allen, Irving C.
author
Li, Guohua
author
Zhang, Wenming
author
Kocher, Jacob
author
Yang, Xingdong
author
Giri-Rachman, Ernawati
author
Li, Guan-Hong
author
Clark-Deener, Sherrie
author
Yuan, Lijuan
author
2016
BACKGROUND: A better understanding of mechanisms underlying dose-effects of probiotics in their applications as treatments of intestinal infectious or inflammatory diseases and as vaccine adjuvant is needed. In this study, we evaluated the modulatory effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) on transplanted human gut microbiota (HGM) and on small intestinal immune cell signaling pathways in gnotobiotic pigs vaccinated with an oral attenuated human rotavirus (AttHRV) vaccine. RESULTS: Neonatal HGM transplanted pigs were given two doses of AttHRV on 5 and 15 days of age and were divided into three groups: none-LGG (AttHRV), 9-doses LGG (AttHRV + LGG9X), and 14-doses LGG (AttHRV + LGG14X) (n = 3-4). At post-AttHRV-inoculation day 28, all pigs were euthanized and intestinal contents and ileal tissue and mononuclear cells (MNC) were collected. AttHRV + LGG14X pigs had significantly increased LGG titers in the large intestinal contents and shifted structure of the microbiota as indicated by the formation of a cluster that is separated from the cluster formed by the AttHRV and AttHRV + LGG9X pigs. The increase in LGG titers concurred with significantly increased ileal HRV-specific IFN-γ producing T cell responses to the AttHRV vaccine reported in our previous publication, suggesting pro-Th1 adjuvant effects of the LGG. Both 9- and 14-doses LGG fed pig groups had significantly higher IkBα level and p-p38/p38 ratio, while significantly lower p-ERK/ERK ratio than the AttHRV pigs, suggesting activation of regulatory signals during immune activation. However, 9-doses, but not 14-doses LGG fed pigs had enhanced IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, TLR9 mRNA levels, and p38 MAPK and ERK expressions in ileal MNC. Increased TLR9 mRNA was in parallel with higher mRNA levels of cytokines, p-NF-kB and higher p-p38/p38 ratio in MNC of the AttHRV + LGG9X pigs. CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between modulation of gut microbiota and regulation of host immunity by different doses of probiotics is complex. LGG exerted divergent dose-dependent effects on the intestinal immune cell signaling pathway responses, with 9-doses LGG being more effective in activating the innate immunostimulating TLR9 signaling pathway than 14-doses in the HGM pigs vaccinated with AttHRV.
BMC Microbiology. 2016 Jun 14;16(1):109
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73187
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-016-0727-2
16
1
1471-2180
Gnotobiotic pigs
Immune response
Inflammation
Intestine
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG
Vaccine adjuvant
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG modulates innate signaling pathway and cytokine responses to rotavirus vaccine in intestinal mononuclear cells of gnotobiotic pigs transplanted with human gut microbiota
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/490742023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_24259com_10919_5559com_10919_24261col_10919_24342col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Hancock, K.
author
Thiele, L. A.
author
Zajac, Anne M.
author
Elvinger, Francois
author
Lindsay, David S.
author
2005-06
Raccoons (Procyon lotor) are intermediate hosts for Toxo-plasma gondii, and clinical toxoplasmosis in raccoons has been reported. A 2-yr serological survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of antibodies to T. gondii in raccoons collected from Fairfax County, Virginia, a suburban/urban area outside Washington, D.C. Serum samples from 256 raccoons were examined for T. gondii antibodies at a 1:50 dilution using the modified direct agglutination test. Results indicated that 216 (84.4%) of the raccoons had been exposed to T. gondii. Our results indicate that raccoons in this area of Virginia are frequently exposed to T gondii. Domestic cats were common in the study area and may have served as a source of oocysts for raccoons and the food items of raccoons.
Katie Hancock, Lori A. Thiele, Anne M. Zajac, Francois Elvinger, and David S. Lindsay (2005). "Prevalence of Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in Raccoons (Procyon lotor) From an Urban Area of Northern Virginia," Journal of Parasitology, Vol. 91, No. 3, pp. 694-695. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/GE-443R
0022-3395
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49074
http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1645/GE-443R
https://doi.org/10.1645/ge-443r
serologic survey
wild animals
mammals
infection
oocysts
iowa
parasitology
Prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in raccoons (Procyon lotor) from an urban area of northern Virginia
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1155232023-06-28T07:11:56Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24259com_10919_5559com_10919_24261com_10919_24263col_10919_78882col_10919_24342col_10919_24343col_10919_24345
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Imran, Khan Mohammad
author
Tintera, Benjamin
author
Morrison, Holly A.
author
Tupik, Juselyn D.
author
Nagai-Singer, Margaret A.
author
Ivester, Hannah
author
Council-Troche, McAlister
author
Edwards, Michael
author
Coutermarsh-Ott, Sheryl
author
Byron, Christopher
author
Clark-Deener, Sherrie
author
Uh, Kyungjun
author
Lee, Kiho
author
Boulos, Paul
author
Rowe, Cliff
author
Coviello, Christian
author
Allen, Irving C.
author
2023-05-24
Pancreatic tumors can be resistant to drug penetration due to high interstitial fluid pressure, dense stroma, and disarrayed vasculature. Ultrasound-induced cavitation is an emerging technology that may overcome many of these limitations. Low-intensity ultrasound, coupled with co-administered cavitation nuclei consisting of gas-stabilizing sub-micron scale SonoTran Particles, is effective at increasing therapeutic antibody delivery to xenograft flank tumors in mouse models. Here, we sought to evaluate the effectiveness of this approach in situ using a large animal model that mimics human pancreatic cancer patients. Immunocompromised pigs were surgically engrafted with human Panc-1 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumors in targeted regions of the pancreas. These tumors were found to recapitulate many features of human PDAC tumors. Animals were intravenously injected with the common cancer therapeutics Cetuximab, gemcitabine, and paclitaxel, followed by infusion with SonoTran Particles. Select tumors in each animal were targeted with focused ultrasound to induce cavitation. Cavitation increased the intra-tumor concentrations of Cetuximab, gemcitabine, and paclitaxel by 477%, 148%, and 193%, respectively, compared to tumors that were not targeted with ultrasound in the same animals. Together, these data show that ultrasound-mediated cavitation, when delivered in combination with gas-entrapping particles, improves therapeutic delivery in pancreatic tumors under clinically relevant conditions.
Imran, K.M.; Tintera, B.; Morrison, H.A.; Tupik, J.D.; Nagai-Singer, M.A.; Ivester, H.; Council-Troche, M.; Edwards, M.; Coutermarsh-Ott, S.; Byron, C.; Clark-Deener, S.; Uh, K.; Lee, K.; Boulos, P.; Rowe, C.; Coviello, C.; Allen, I.C. Improved Therapeutic Delivery Targeting Clinically Relevant Orthotopic Human Pancreatic Tumors Engrafted in Immunocompromised Pigs Using Ultrasound-Induced Cavitation: A Pilot Study. Pharmaceutics 2023, 15, 1585.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/115523
https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15061585
Improved Therapeutic Delivery Targeting Clinically Relevant Orthotopic Human Pancreatic Tumors Engrafted in Immunocompromised Pigs Using Ultrasound-Induced Cavitation: A Pilot Study
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/735922023-06-14T14:38:23Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24231com_10919_5532com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_24306col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Shepherd, Megan L.
author
Ponder, Monica A.
author
Burk, A. O.
author
Milton, Stewart C.
author
Swecker, William S.
author
2014
The purpose of the present study was to compare digestibility of grass hay, faecal and plasma volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations, and faecal bacterial abundance in overweight and moderate-condition mares. Five overweight adult mixed-breed mares and five adult mixed-breed mares in moderate condition were housed individually and limit-fed orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata) hay at 20 g/kg body weight (as fed) daily for 14 d. Forage DM and fibre digestibility were determined using AOAC methods; digestible energy was measured using bomb calorimetry; plasma and faecal VFA concentrations were determined by use of GC and MS; faecal Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and total bacteria abundance was determined by quantitative real-time PCR using previously designed phylum-specific 16S ribosomal RNA gene primers. No differences in hay digestibility, faecal VFA concentrations or faecal bacterial abundance were detected between overweight and moderate-condition mares. Mean plasma acetate concentrations were higher (P = 0·03) in overweight (1·55 (range 1·43-1·65) mmol/l) v. moderate-condition (1·39 (range 1·22-1·47) mmol/l) mares. We conclude that the higher plasma acetate in overweight mares should be further investigated as a potential link between gut microbes and obesity in horses.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73592
https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2014.8
3
ADF, acid-detergent fibre
BCS, body condition score
Body condition score
DE, digestible energy
DMI, DM intake
Digestible energy
Faecal bacteria
Horses
NDF, neutral-detergent fibre
OG, orchard grass
VFA, volatile fatty acid
rDNA, ribosomal DNA
rRNA, ribosomal RNA
Fibre digestibility, abundance of faecal bacteria and plasma acetate concentrations in overweight adult mares
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/507062023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5523com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_5548col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Whittier, W. Dee
author
Currin, John F.
author
Currin, Nancy
author
2005-09-01
Pinkeye is one of the most common diseases of beef cattle in Virginia. Highly contagious, it results in mild to severe disease, causing blindness in approximately 2 percent of cases.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50706
http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/400/400-750/400-750_pdf.pdf
Beef cattle
Veterinary medicine
Pinkeye in Beef Cattle
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1097072022-04-21T07:11:35Zcom_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Wong, David
author
Malik, Caitlin
author
Dembek, Katarzyna
author
Estell, Krista
author
Marchitello, Megan
author
Wilson, Katie
author
2021-07
Background Monitoring blood glucose concentrations is common in critically ill neonatal foals, especially septic foals and those receiving naso-esophageal feedings or IV parenteral nutrition. Glucose typically is measured using a point-of-care (POC) glucometer but requires repeated restraint and blood collections, which may cause irritation at venipuncture sites and increased demands on nursing staff. Continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMS) may provide an accurate alternative for monitoring blood glucose concentration. Objectives To determine the correlation and accuracy of a CGMS to monitor neonatal foals' blood glucose concentrations as compared to a POC glucometer and laboratory chemistry analysis (CHEM). Animals Samples from 4 healthy and 4 ill neonatal foals. Methods A CGMS was placed on each foal, and glucose measurements acquired from this device were compared to simultaneous measurements of blood glucose concentration using a POC glucometer and CHEM. Results Two-hundred matched glucose measurements were collected from 8 neonatal foals. The mean bias (95% limits of agreement) between CGMS and CHEM, CGMS and POC glucometer, and POC glucometer and CHEM was 3.97 mg/dL (-32.5 to 40.4), 18.2 mg/dL (-28.8 to 65.2), and 22.18 mg/dL (-9.3 to 53.67), respectively. The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) was significantly correlated among all devices: GCMS and CHEM (r = 0.81), CGMS and POC glucometer (r = 0.77) and POC glucometer-CHEM (r = 0.92). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Within the blood glucose concentration ranges in this study (78-212 mg/dL), CGMS measurements were significantly correlated with CHEM, suggesting that it is an acceptable method to provide meaningful, immediate, and continuous glucose concentration measurements in neonatal foals while eliminating the need for repeated restraint and blood collection.
0891-6640
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/109707
https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16186
35
4
34096103
1939-1676
critical care
nutrition
point-of-care
sepsis
Evaluation of a continuous glucose monitoring system in neonatal foals
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1160792023-08-23T07:12:49Zcom_10919_24261com_10919_5559com_10919_111086com_10919_5532col_10919_24343col_10919_111087
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Sujani, Sathya
author
dos Reis, Barbara R.
author
Ellett, Mark D.
author
Schramm, Holly H.
author
Helm, Emma T.
author
White, Robin R.
author
2023-04
The objective of the present study was to investigate the interaction of plane of nutrition and naturally occurring coccidiosis on finisher lamb growth performance, FAMACHA score, and rumen volatile fatty acid profile. The study included 30 Su olk, Dorset or Su olk x Dorset lambs and were divided into 2 groups based on their initial body weight and assigned to 2 feeding groups di ering in dietary energy intake to create lambs representing divergent growth curves due to di ering nutritional management. Lambs with naturally occurring coccidiosis and healthy lambs were present in both feeding groups making a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, (a) high plane of nutrition (HPN) lambs with no clinical coccidiosis diagnosis (HPNH), (b) HPN lambs with clinical coccidiosis (HPNC), (c) low plane of nutrition (LPN) lambs with no clinical coccidiosis diagnosis (LPNH), (d) LPN lambs with clinical coccidiosis (LPNC). Body weight and FAMACHA scores were recorded once every 2 weeks. On d 65 of feeding, lambs were slaughtered, and rumen fluid samples were collected and analyzed for volatile fatty acid concentrations. All response variables were analyzed statistically using a linear mixed e ects model with fixed e ects for plane of nutrition, health status, and a randome ect for initial body weight nested within the pen. The total and average weight gain were not associated with planes of nutrition, health status, or the interaction. Health status had an impact on FAMACHA (c) score (P = 0.047) and concentration of isobutyrate (P = 0.037) and tended to a ect total VFA (P = 0.085) and acetate (P = 0.071) concentrations. The interaction between the plane of nutrition and the health status tended to a ect butyrate concentration (P = 0.058). These data support the conclusion that coccidiosis infection impacted on rumen fermentation in a manner independent of the plane of nutrition; however, the translation of these rumen level impacts did not translate to the production responses.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/116079
https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1184557
10
37143499
2297-1769
average daily gain
Eimeria spp.
FAMACHA (c) score
volatile fatty acid
anemia
Finisher lamb growth and rumen fermentation responses to the plane of nutrition and naturally occurring coccidiosis
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1053932023-12-15T15:20:56Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24259com_10919_5559com_10919_24261com_10919_24262col_10919_70873col_10919_24342col_10919_24343col_10919_24344
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Witonsky, Sharon G.
author
Buechner-Maxwell, Virginia A.
author
Santonastasto, Amy
author
Pleasant, R. Scott
author
Werre, Stephen R.
author
Wagner, Bettina
author
Ellison, Siobhan
author
Lindsay, David S.
author
2019-03-01
Background: Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) is a common and devastating neurologic disease of horses in the United States. Because some EPM-affected horses have decreased immune responses, immunomodulators such as levamisole have been proposed as supplemental treatments. However, little is known about levamisole's effects or its mechanism of action in horses. Objective: Levamisole in combination with another mitogen will stimulate a macrophage 1 (M1), dendritic cell 1 (DC1), T-helper 1 (CD4 Th1), and T-cytotoxic (CD8) immune response in equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro as compared to mitogen alone. Animals: Ten neurologically normal adult horses serologically negative for Sarcocystis neurona. Methods: Prospective study. Optimal conditions for levamisole were determined based on cellular proliferation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were then cultured using optimal conditions of mitogen and levamisole to identify the immune phenotype, based on subset-specific activation markers, intracellular cytokine production, and cytokine concentrations in cell supernatants. Subset-specific proliferation was determined using a vital stain. Results: Concanavalin A (conA) with levamisole, but not levamisole alone, resulted in a significant decrease (P <.05) in PBMC proliferation compared to conA alone. Levamisole alone did not elicit a specific immune phenotype different than that induced by conA. Conclusion and Clinical Importance: Levamisole co-cultured with conA significantly attenuated the PBMC proliferative response as compared with conA. If the mechanisms by which levamisole modulates the immune phenotype can be further defined, levamisole may have potential use in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
0891-6640
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/105393
https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15404
33
2
Witonsky, Sharon [0000-0001-5537-0947]
Werre, Stephen [0000-0003-1638-6705]
30693587
1939-1676
Science & Technology
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Veterinary Sciences
EPM
immunomodulators
immunology
SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA
IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTION
HORSES
INFECTION
MICE
EPM
0707 Veterinary Sciences
Can levamisole upregulate the equine cell-mediated macrophage (M1) dendritic cell (DC1) T-helper 1 (CD4 Th1) T-cytotoxic (CD8) immune response in vitro?
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1144572023-05-03T17:20:12Zcom_10919_24261com_10919_5559com_10919_111086com_10919_5532col_10919_24343col_10919_111087
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Swartz, T. H.
author
Bryant, D. M.
author
Schramm, H. H.
author
Duncan, A. J.
author
White, Robin R.
author
Wood, C. M.
author
Petersson-Wolfe, Christina S.
author
2023-01
Dairy cows are predisposed to diseases during the postpartum period. Dystocia has been associated with increased risk for disease, which is likely the result of increased tissue trauma and stress during the prolonged parturition. To attenuate the inflammatory response seen in dystocic animals and improve well-being, we assessed the effects of a glucocorticoid, dexamethasone administered within 12 h after calving. Dystocia was defined as a difficult birth resulting in a prolonged calv-ing (>= 70 min after the amniotic sac appears) and was monitored through 3 video cameras in the close-up dry-cow pen. Cows meeting the dystocia definition were randomly assigned to receive a single intramuscular injection of either dexamethasone (DEX; 0.1 mg/kg of body weight; n = 43) or saline (CON, n = 44) within 12 h following a dystocic calving. Serum haptoglobin, blood beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations, body temperature, and several behaviors were measured for the first 7 d postpartum. Additionally, milk production and components for the first 120 d were recorded. Using a mixed model, the fixed effects of treatment, parity, calving assistance, and time, along with 2-and 3-way interactions, were analyzed with cow as a random effect. We observed that primiparous DEX cows had greater serum haptoglobin concentrations on d 3 and d 7 post-partum compared with primiparous CON cows. There was no difference between treatment groups for blood BHB concentrations and body temperature. Behavior was altered between treatments, with DEX cows having reduced activity for the first week postpartum, as well as less restlessness and increased lying times on some of the days following calving. Treatment interacted with time for milk yield, such that DEX cows produced 2.7 kg/d less milk than CON cows for the first month fol-lowing calving. The administration of dexamethasone resulted in changes in behavioral measurements, which could suggest a reduction in discomfort; however, due to the reduction in milk yield for the first month follow-ing calving, DEX administration may not be applicable for typical farm use. Additional research is needed to investigate treatments for cows experiencing dystocia without detrimental effects on milk yield.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/114457
https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2022-22029
106
1
36400618
1525-3198
dystocia
anti-inflammatory
well-being
haptoglobin
The effects of dexamethasone administration on physiological, behavioral, and production parameters in dairy cows after a difficult calving
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1052082022-04-15T20:52:16Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24259com_10919_5559com_10919_24261col_10919_70873col_10919_24342col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
McKenzie, H. C.
author
Funk, Rebecca A.
author
Trager, L.
author
Werre, Stephen R.
author
Crisman, Mark V.
author
2019-11-01
Background: Potomac horse fever (PHF) is a potentially fatal enterocolitis of horses caused by Neorickettsia risticii. The disease was originally recognised almost 40 years ago in the state of Maryland in the US. It is now known to occur in many areas of North America, as well as having been described in South America and Europe. Monocomponent PHF vaccines are available, but clinical protection with vaccination has been reported to be inconsistent. Objectives: This study was designed to assess the immunogenicity of a commercially available Potomac Horse Fever (PHF) vaccine when administered as either a monovalent PHF vaccine simultaneously co-administered with a separate monovalent Rabies vaccine or as a multivalent PHF/Rabies vaccine in horses. Study design: Randomised parallel group trial. Methods: Ninety-one client or University owned horses participated in this open-label randomised study, with 45 horses receiving the monovalent vaccines at separate sites and 46 receiving the multivalent vaccine at a single site. Serum PHF IFA titres were determined twice prior to vaccination and at 1, 2 and 3 months after vaccination. Results: Both vaccination protocols exhibited poor immunogenicity, with only one-third of all the animals demonstrating seroconversion, defined as an increase in titre of greater than 400 over baseline, at any time point after vaccination. The monovalent PHF vaccine exhibited significantly greater immunogenicity in terms of the number of horses exhibiting seroconversion, as compared to the multivalent vaccine, at one (20 vs. 11, P = 0.03) and two (18 vs. 9, p = 0.02) months post vaccination. The monovalent PHF vaccine also exhibited significantly greater immunogenicity in terms of the median (interquartile range) IFA titres, as compared to the multivalent vaccine, at one (800 [200–1600] vs. 400 [200–800], P = 0.009) and 2 months (400 [200–1600] vs. 400 [100–800], P = 0.02) post vaccination. There was no significant difference between groups at 3 months in either seroconversion rate or median IFA titers. Main limitations: This study did not assess the actual protective effects of PHF vaccination but rather used the serologic response to vaccination as a surrogate biomarker of immunity. Conclusions: The multivalent PHF/Rabies vaccine exhibited lower immunogenicity as compared to the monovalent PHF vaccine co-administered with a separate Rabies vaccine.
0425-1644
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/105208
https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13096
51
6
Werre, Stephen [0000-0003-1638-6705]
McKenzie, Harold [0000-0001-8230-2237]
Funk, Rebecca [0000-0001-7204-318X]
30859618
2042-3306
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Veterinary Sciences
Horses
Potomac horse fever
Neorickettsia risticii
equine neorickettsiosis
multivalent vaccine
monovalent vaccine
Ehrlichia
Strains
Neorickettsia
Interference
Combination
Diphtheria
Diagnosis
Anaplasma
Tetanus
Ponies
06 Biological Sciences
07 Agricultural Sciences
Immunogenicity of Potomac horse fever vaccine when simultaneously co-administered with rabies vaccine in a multivalent vaccine or as two monovalent vaccines at separate sites
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/484122023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5523com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_5548col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Petersson-Wolfe, Christina S.
author
Currin, John F.
author
2012-07-12
Streptococcus dysgalactiae is considered both a contagious and an environmental pathogen. These organisms can spread from cow to cow at milking time and are also commonly found in the cow's environment.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48412
http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/DASC/DASC-5P/DASC-5P_pdf.pdf
Dairy Cattle
Streptococcus dysgalactiae: A Practical Summary for Controlling Mastitis
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1096772022-07-05T13:44:33Zcom_10919_24261com_10919_5559com_10919_24262com_10919_111086com_10919_5532col_10919_24343col_10919_24344col_10919_111087
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Timlin, Claire L.
author
Dias, Nicholas W.
author
Hungerford, Laura L.
author
Redifer, Tracey
author
Currin, John F.
author
Mercadante, Vitor R. G.
author
2021-07
This retrospective study aimed to determine if the number of cows exposed per bull affects pregnancy rates of cows returning to estrus after fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). Data were compiled over the course of 13 breeding seasons (six fall and seven spring seasons) between 2010 and 2017 from the Virginia Department of Corrections herd. Available records contained data from 17 farms and 324 groups of cows (average 47 cows/group). Multiparous cows and heifers (average age per group: 5.11 +/- 0.14 yr; n = 14,868) were exposed to FTAI. After FTAI, animals were placed on pasture with bulls diagnosed as fertile by a breeding soundness exam for natural service of cows who did not become pregnant to FTAI (n = 7,248; average 22 cows/group). Animals were classified as pregnant to FTAI, to natural service on first return to estrus, or to natural service on second or subsequent estrus determined by fetal aging at pregnancy diagnosis. The bull:cow ratio for the total number of cows exposed ranged from 1:9 to 1:73 with an average of 1:31. The bull:cow ratio considering only open cows exposed after FTAI ranged from 1:2 to 1:44 with an average of 1:14. There was significant negative, small correlation between the bull:cow ratio for total number of cows exposed and return to estrus pregnancy rate in fall breeding seasons (P = 0.01, r(2) = 0.04) but not in spring (P = 0.90). There was a significant negative, small correlation between bull:cow ratio of open cows exposed and pregnancy rates to first return to estrus in fall herds with a single sire (P < 0.001, r(2) = 0.11). There was no correlation in fall herds using multiple sires or spring herds (P = 0.12). Bull:cow ratio accounted for only 1-11% of variation in the pregnancy rates, thus we conclude that a decreased bull:cow ratio (up to 1:73) did not affect natural service return to estrus pregnancy rate. Cattlemen may consider a reduced number of bulls needed for natural service breeding after FTAI, which can decrease bull related costs and increase the economic feasibility of adopting FTAI protocols.
txab129
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/109677
https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txab129
5
3
34514347
2573-2102
bull
cow ratio
fixed-timed artificial insemination
A retrospective analysis of bull:cow ratio effects on pregnancy rates of beef cows previously enrolled in fixed-time artificial insemination protocols
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/490792023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_24259com_10919_5559com_10919_24261col_10919_24342col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Witonsky, Sharon G.
author
Gogal, Robert M.
author
Duncan, Robert B.
author
Lindsay, David S.
author
2003-10
Immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice were infected with Sarcocystis neurona merozoites to assess the protective immune response to active infection. Using a direct agglutination test, all infected mice seroconverted to S. neurona merozoite antigens by day 14 postinfection (PI). Further, mice developed splenomegaly and bilateral symmetrical lymphadenopathy by day 14 PI, which appeared to be resolving by day 28 PI. Histologic analysis revealed a marked increase in germinal center formation in the spleen and lymph nodes by day 14 PI. Corresponding to gross and histopathological changes, the percentage of B-cells decreased significantly by day 14 PI but then increased significantly and persisted at day 28 PI in the blood, spleen, and multiple lymph nodes. There was a sharp nonspecific significant decrease in CD4 percentages by day 14 PI in the blood, spleen, and lymph nodes. Early-activation CD8 lymphocytes (CD62/CD8) were significantly down-regulated coinciding with a significant compensatory up-regulation of memory (CD44/CD8) lymphocytes in multiple organs. We propose that the protective cell-mediated immune response to S. neurona involves both CD4 and CD8 cells, with CD8 lymphocytes appearing to play a more critical role.
Sharon G. Witonsky, Robert M. Gogal Jr., Robert B. Duncan, and David S. Lindsay (2003). "Protective immune response to experimental infection with Sarcocystis neurona in C57BL/6 mice," Journal of Parasitology: October 2003, Vol. 89, No. 5, pp. 924-931. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/GE-67R
0022-3395
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49079
http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1645/GE-67R
https://doi.org/10.1645/ge-67r
equine protozoal myeloencephalitis
nitric-oxide
toxoplasma-gondii
virus
Memory
encephalomyelitis
expression
cells
parasitology
Protective immune response to experimental infection with Sarcocystis neurona in C57BL/6 mice
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/236452023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5523com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_5548col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Bailey, Thomas L.
author
Currin, John F.
author
1999
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23645
Heifer inventory and the economics of replacement rearing
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1031502022-02-26T00:17:28Zcom_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Avila-Calderon, Eric Daniel
author
Ruiz-Palma, Maria del Socorro
author
Aguilera-Arreola, Ma. Guadalupe
author
Velazquez-Guadarrama, Norma
author
Ruiz, Enrico A.
author
Gomez-Lunar, Zulema
author
Witonsky, Sharon G.
author
Contreras-Rodriguez, Araceli
author
2021-03-04
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from Gram-negative bacteria were first described more than 50 years ago. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in biogenesis began to be studied only in the last few decades. Presently, the biogenesis and molecular mechanisms for their release are not completely known. This review covers the most recent information on cellular components involved in OMV biogenesis, such as lipoproteins and outer membrane proteins, lipopolysaccharide, phospholipids, quorum-sensing molecules, and flagella.
1664-302X
557902
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103150
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.557902
12
33746909
outer membrane vesicles
bacterial vesicles
extracellular vesicles
OMVs biogenesis
phospholipids
LPS
PQS
flagellin
Outer Membrane Vesicles of Gram-Negative Bacteria: An Outlook on Biogenesis
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/739212023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Clark, Sherrie G.
author
2012-09-29
Breeding methods include natural service, artificial insemination, and embryo transfer, with the focus on AI.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73921
Assisted Reproductive Techniques
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1150402023-05-16T07:15:33Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24259com_10919_5559com_10919_24261col_10919_78882col_10919_24342col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Mercer, Melissa A.
author
Davis, Jennifer L.
author
McKenzie, Harold C.
author
2023-05-10
This review firstly examines the underlying pathophysiology of pain and inflammation associated with orthopedic disease and endotoxemia. Then, it reviews the clinical pharmacology (pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics) of both conventional and non-conventional NSAIDs in the adult horse, and finally provides an overview of different modalities to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of NSAIDs in research.
Mercer, M.A.; Davis, J.L.; McKenzie, H.C. The Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Evaluation of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Adult Horses. Animals 2023, 13, 1597.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/115040
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13101597
The Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Evaluation of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Adult Horses
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1160902023-08-24T07:13:31Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24259com_10919_5559com_10919_24261com_10919_24262col_10919_70873col_10919_24342col_10919_24343col_10919_24344
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Mercer, Melissa A.
author
Davis, Jennifer L.
author
McKenzie, Harold C.
author
Messenger, Kristen M.
author
Schaefer, Emily
author
Council-Troche, R. McAlister
author
Werre, Stephen R.
author
2023-03-01
Background: Acetaminophen has been evaluated in horses for treatment of musculoskeletal pain but not as an antipyretic. Objectives: To determine the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of acetaminophen compared to placebo and flunixin meglumine in adult horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia. Animals: Eight university owned research horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia. Methods: Randomized placebo controlled crossover study. Horses were treated with acetaminophen (30 mg/kg PO; APAP), flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg, PO; FLU), and placebo (PO; PLAC) 2 hours after administration of LPS. Plasma APAP was analyzed via LC-MS/MS. Serial CBC, lactate, serum amyloid A, heart rate and rectal temperature were evaluated. Serum IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α were evaluated by an equine-specific multiplex assay. Results: Mean maximum plasma APAP concentration was 13.97 ± 2.74 μg/mL within 0.6 ± 0.3 hour after administration. At 4 and 6 hours after treatment, both APAP (P = <.001, P =.03, respectively) and FLU (P =.0045 and P <.001, respectively) had a significantly greater decrease in rectal temperature compared to placebo. FLU caused greater heart rate reduction than APAP at 4 and 6 hours (P =.004 and P =.04), and PLAC at 4 hours (P =.05) after treatment. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in endotoxemic horses differ from those reported by previous studies in healthy horses. Acetaminophen is an option for antipyresis in clinical cases, particularly when administration of traditional NSAIDs is contraindicated.
0891-6640
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/116090
https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16663
37
2
Mercer, Melissa [0000-0002-8112-5547]
McKenzie, Harold [0000-0001-8230-2237]
Davis, Jennifer [0000-0002-7930-4589]
Council-Troche, Roberto [0000-0002-5741-1535]
36840424
1939-1676
acetaminophen
fever
horse
pyrexia
3009 Veterinary Sciences
30 Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences
Infectious Diseases
Hematology
Clinical Research
Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities
Emerging Infectious Diseases
Brain Disorders
Sepsis
Digestive Diseases
6.1 Pharmaceuticals
6 Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions
Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of orally administered acetaminophen (paracetamol) in adult horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1046402023-06-14T17:50:23Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24216com_10919_5539com_10919_24259com_10919_5559com_10919_18738com_10919_23765com_10919_24261com_10919_23261com_10919_111086com_10919_5532com_10919_24263com_10919_91912com_10919_23198col_10919_70873col_10919_24286col_10919_24342col_10919_23145col_10919_24353col_10919_24343col_10919_23262col_10919_111087col_10919_24345col_10919_91916
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Hendricks-Wenger, Alissa
author
Aycock, Kenneth N.
author
Nagai-Singer, Margaret A.
author
Coutermarsh-Ott, Sheryl
author
Lorenzo, Melvin F.
author
Gannon, Jessica
author
Uh, Kyungjun
author
Farrell, Kayla
author
Beitel-White, Natalie
author
Brock, Rebecca M.
author
Simon, Alexander
author
Morrison, Holly A.
author
Tuohy, Joanne L.
author
Clark-Deener, Sherrie
author
Vlaisavljevich, Eli
author
Davalos, Rafael V.
author
Lee, Kiho
author
Allen, Irving C.
author
2021-04-07
New therapies to treat pancreatic cancer are direly needed. However, efficacious interventions lack a strong preclinical model that can recapitulate patients’ anatomy and physiology. Likewise, the availability of human primary malignant tissue for ex vivo studies is limited. These are significant limitations in the biomedical device field. We have developed RAG2/IL2RG deficient pigs using CRISPR/Cas9 as a large animal model with the novel application of cancer xenograft studies of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma. In this proof-of-concept study, these pigs were successfully generated using on-demand genetic modifications in embryos, circumventing the need for breeding and husbandry. Human Panc01 cells injected subcutaneously into the ears of RAG2/IL2RG deficient pigs demonstrated 100% engraftment with growth rates similar to those typically observed in mouse models. Histopathology revealed no immune cell infiltration and tumor morphology was highly consistent with the mouse models. The electrical properties and response to irreversible electroporation of the tumor tissue were found to be similar to excised human pancreatic cancer tumors. The ample tumor tissue produced enabled improved accuracy and modeling of the electrical properties of tumor tissue. Together, this suggests that this model will be useful and capable of bridging the gap of translating therapies from the bench to clinical application.
2045-2322
10.1038/s41598-021-87228-5 (PII)
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104640
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87228-5
11
1
Davalos, Rafael [0000-0003-1503-9509]
Clark-Deener, Sherrie [0000-0002-6620-0625]
Allen, Irving [0000-0001-9573-5250]
33828203 (pubmed)
2045-2322
tumor xenografts
ablation
mouse
gemcitabine
safety
mice
pigs
immunodeficiency
chemotherapy
feasibility
Establishing an immunocompromised porcine model of human cancer for novel therapy development with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and irreversible electroporation
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/484752023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5523com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_5548col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Whittier, W. Dee
author
Zajac, Anne M.
author
Umberger, Steven H.
author
2009
Internal parasites are a threat to sheep health and productivity. Increased understanding of the role and actions of internal parasites provides the basis for more effective control programs.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48475
http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/410/410-027/410-027_pdf.pdf
Sheep & Goats
Veterinary Medicine
Control of Internal Parasites in Sheep
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/483872023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5523com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_5548col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Petersson-Wolfe, Christina S.
author
Costello, Sandy
author
Currin, John F.
author
2011-07-29
Serratia spp. are Gram-negative bacteria that are similar in structure to Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. Serratia is resistant to most antibiotics; therefore, cure rates are very limited.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48387
http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/404/404-225/404-225_pdf.pdf
Dairy Cattle
Serratia spp.: A Practical Summary for Controlling Mastitis
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/484152023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5523com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_5548col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Petersson-Wolfe, Christina S.
author
Currin, John F.
author
2012-07-12
The control of S. uberis includes maintenance of a clean and dry housing environment and implementation of proper milking procedures
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48415
http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/DASC/DASC-8P/DASC-8P_pdf.pdf
Dairy Cattle
Streptococcus uberis: A Practical Summary for Controlling Mastitis
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/490512023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_24259com_10919_5559com_10919_24261col_10919_24342col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Witonsky, Sharon G.
author
Ellison, Siobhan
author
Yang, Jibing
author
Gogal, Robert M.
author
Lawler, Heather
author
Suzuki, Yasuhiro
author
Sriranganathan, Nammalwar
author
Andrews, Frank M.
author
Ward, Daniel
author
Lindsay, David S.
author
2008-10
Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) due to Sarcocystis neurona infection is I of the most common neurologic diseases in horses in the United States. The mechanisms by which most horses resist disease, as well as the possible mechanisms by which the immune system may be suppressed in horses that develop EPM, are not known. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine whether horses experimentally infected with S. neurona developed suppressed immune responses. Thirteen horses that were negative for S. neurona antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were randomly assigned to control (n = 5) or infected (n = 8) treatment groups. Neurologic exams and cerebrospinal fluid analyses were performed prior to, and following, S. neurona infection. Prior to, and at multiple time points following infection, immune parameters were determined. All 8 S. neurona-infected horses developed clinical signs consistent with EPM, and had S. neurona antibodies in the serum and CSF Both infected and control horses had increased percentages (P < 0.05) of B cells at 28 clays postinfection. Infected horses had significantly decreased (P < 0.05) proliferation responses as measured by thymidine incorporation to nonspecific mitogens phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and ionomycin (I) as soon as 2 days postinfection.
Sharon G. Witonsky, Siobhan Ellison, Jibing Yang, Robert M. Gogal, Heather Lawler, Yasuhiro Suzuki, Namalwar Sriranganathan, Frank Andrews, Daniel Ward, and David S. Lindsay (2008). "Horses Experimentally Infected with Sarcocystis neurona Develop Altered Immune Responses In Vitro," Journal of Parasitology, Vol. 94, No. 5, pp. 1047-1054. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/GE-1441.1
0022-3395
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49051
http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1645/GE-1441.1
https://doi.org/10.1645/ge-1441.1
equine protozoal myeloencephalitis
nf-kappa-b
toxoplasma-gondii
cerebral toxoplasmosis
t-lymphocytes
mice
cells
calcium
merozoites
expression
parasitology
Horses experimentally infected with sarcocystis neurona develop altered immune responses in vitro
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/484972023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5523com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_5548col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Martel, Cynthia
author
Currin, John F.
author
2013-09-05
Discusses silo maintenance and silage density.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48497
http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/DASC/DASC-26/DASC-26_pdf.pdf
Dairy Pipeline
Dairy Pipeline. September 2013
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/829372023-12-11T11:08:56Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24261com_10919_5559com_10919_24263col_10919_18629col_10919_24343col_10919_24345col_10919_23146
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Giangarra, Jenna E.
author
Barry, Sabrina L.
author
Dahlgren, Linda A.
author
Lanz, Otto I.
author
Benitez, Marian E.
author
Werre, Stephen R.
author
2018-04-25
Objective
To identify if synovial fluid prostaglandin E2 increases in response to a single intra-articular dose of bupivacaine in the normal canine stifle.
Results
There were no significant differences in synovial fluid prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentrations between treatment groups or over time within bupivacaine or saline groups. Samples requiring ≥ 3 arthrocentesis attempts had significantly higher PGE2 concentrations compared to samples requiring 1 or 2 attempts. Following correction for number of arthrocentesis attempts, PGE2 concentrations were significantly higher than baseline at 24 and 48 h in the bupivacaine group; however there were no significant differences between the bupivacaine and saline groups. In normal dogs, a single bupivacaine injection did not cause significant synovial inflammation, as measured by PGE2 concentrations, compared to saline controls. Future research should minimize aspiration attempts and include evaluation of the synovial response to bupivacaine in clinical cases with joint disease.
BMC Research Notes. 2018 Apr 25;11(1):255
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82937
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-018-3360-3
Effect of a single intra-articular injection of bupivacaine on synovial fluid prostaglandin E2 concentrations in normal canine stifles
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/966852023-11-29T19:13:22Zcom_10919_5540com_10919_24216com_10919_5539com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_71752col_10919_24286col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Byron, Christopher R.
author
DeWitt, Matthew R.
author
Latouche, Eduardo L.
author
Davalos, Rafael V.
author
Robertson, John L.
author
2019-08-14
Irreversible electroporation is a proven ablation modality for local ablation of soft tissue tumors in animals and humans. However, the strongmuscle contractions associated with the electrical impulses (duration, 50–100 μs) requires the use of general anesthesia and, in most situations, application of neuromuscular blockade. As such, this technology is not used in an outpatient setting for ablating common cutaneous tumors (e.g., squamous cell carcinoma or melanoma) in humans or animals. Recently, high-frequency irreversible electroporation (H-FIRE) technology has been developed to enable electroporation of tumors without stimulation of nearby skeletal muscle. H-FIRE administers bursts of electrical pulses (duration, 0.5–2 μs) through bipolar electrodes placed in tumor parenchyma. We hypothesized that H-FIRE could be used to safely ablate superficial tumors in standing, awake horses without the need for general anesthesia. Here, we describe the treatment of superficial tumors in five horses using this novel ablation therapy without the need for general anesthesia. In each case, H-FIRE therapy predictably ablated tumor volume. All patients tolerated the procedure, no complications developed, and veterinary personnel safety was maintained. The H-FIRE treatment may be useful for treatment in veterinary and human patients in an outpatient setting without the need for hospitalization, general anesthesia, and advanced monitoring techniques.
Byron CR, DeWitt MR, Latouche EL, Davalos RV and Robertson JL (2019) Treatment of Infiltrative Superficial Tumors in Awake Standing Horses Using Novel High-Frequency Pulsed Electrical Fields. Front. Vet. Sci. 6:265. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00265
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/96685
https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2019.00265
6
Horses
cutaneous tumors
electroporation
H-FIRE
models of human disease
focal ablation
non-thermal tumor ablation
Treatment of Infiltrative Superficial Tumors in Awake Standing Horses Using Novel High-Frequency Pulsed Electrical Fields
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1032682023-06-14T17:50:24Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24216com_10919_5539com_10919_24261com_10919_5559com_10919_111086com_10919_5532com_10919_91436col_10919_70873col_10919_24286col_10919_24343col_10919_111087col_10919_97229
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Pack, Erica
author
Stewart, Jacob
author
Rhoads, Michelle
author
Knight, James W.
author
De Vita, Raffaella
author
Clark-Deener, Sherrie
author
Schmale, David G. III
author
2020-12-01
The mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) is a common contaminant of swine feed which has been related to a wide range of reproductive anomalies in swine, such as pelvic organ prolapse, anestrous, and pseudopregnancy. New information is needed to understand how ZEN and related metabolites accumulate in swine reproductive tissues. We conducted a feeding study to track ZEN and the metabolite α-zearalenol (α-ZEL) in swine liver and reproductive tissues. Thirty pubertal gilts were randomly assigned one of three treatments, with ten pigs in each treatment group: (1) base feed with solvent for 21 days, (2) ZEN-spiked feed for seven days followed by base feed with solvent for 14 days, and (3) ZEN-spiked feed for 21 days. At the end of the trial, liver, anterior vagina, posterior vagina, cervix, uterus, ovaries, and broad ligament were collected from pigs. ZEN was found in the anterior vagina, posterior vagina, cervix, and ovaries, with significantly higher concentrations in the cervix relative to other reproductive tissues. ZEN and α-ZEL were found in liver tissue from pigs in each treatment group. Our results show that ZEN accumulates more in the cervix than other reproductive tissues. The presence of ZEN in reproductive tissues may be indicative of ZEN-related reproductive symptoms. Future work could examine how ZEN concentrations vary in reproductive tissues as a factor of the pigs age, weight, sex, or parity, to establish parameters that make pig more sensitive to ZEN.
2590-1710
PMC7566953 (pmc)
S2590-1710(20)30036-9 (PII)
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103268
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxcx.2020.100058
8
Schmale, David [0000-0002-7003-7429]
Rhoads, Michelle [0000-0003-4652-6430]
Clark-Deener, Sherrie [0000-0002-6620-0625]
Knight, James [0000-0002-1707-0203]
33089147 (pubmed)
2590-1710
Co-products
Fusarium
GC-MS
Liver
Mycotoxin
Prolapse
Reproductive tissue
Swine
Zearalenone
α-ZEL
Quantification of zearalenone and α-zearalenol in swine liver and reproductive tissues using GC-MS
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/484762023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5523com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_5548col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Whittier, W. Dee
author
Umberger, Steven H.
author
2009
Ovine foot root is an infectious, contagious disease of sheep that causes severe lameness. Control and elimination of the disease should be the goal of all sheep producers.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48476
http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/410/410-028/410-028_pdf.pdf
Sheep & Goats
Veterinary Medicine
Control, Treatment, and Elimination of Foot Rot from Sheep
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/507012023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5523com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_5548col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Currin, John F.
author
2005-09-01
Bovine respiratory disease complex remains the most important health issue facing stocker-cattle producers. This publication discusses the use of antibiotics in treating BRDC.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50701
http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/400/400-307/400-307_pdf.pdf
Beef cattle
Veterinary medicine
Strategic Use of Antibiotics in Stocker Cattle
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/507022023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5523com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_5548col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Currin, John F.
author
Whittier, W. Dee
author
Currin, Nancy
author
2005-09-01
Foot rot is a common disease of cattle that can cause severe lameness and decreased weight gain. Other common names for the disease are sore foot and foul foot.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50702
http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/400/400-310/400-310_pdf.pdf
Beef cattle
Veterinary medicine
Foot Rot in Beef Cattle
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/739202023-06-14T17:50:25Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_5523com_10919_24261com_10919_5559com_10919_111086com_10919_5532col_10919_70873col_10919_5548col_10919_24343col_10919_111087
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Clark-Deener, Sherrie
author
Lugar, Drew William
author
Rhoads, Michelle
author
Callahan, Stuart Russell
author
Prusa, Ken J.
author
Estienne, Mark J.
author
2016-10-27
The objective was to determine the effects of immunization against gonadotropin releasing hormone on reproductive characteristics in boars. Seventy-two boars were used in a randomized design with three treatments: single immunization (SI) or double immunization (DI) with Improvest® (Zoetis Animal Health, Florham Park, NJ, USA) and intact controls (no Improvest®; CNT) (n = 24/group). At 10, 15, 20, 25, and 40 wk of age, blood was collected and serum harvested to evaluate testosterone concentrations. Testosterone concentrations were less for DI boars compared to CNT boars and SI boars at 20 and 25 wk (P < 0.001), but not 40 wk of age. At wk 25, 18 pigs (n = 6/ group) were sacrificed and testes were removed, weighed, and measured and seminiferous tubules were examined and scored using histological slides of testes parenchyma. A sample of backfat was assessed for boar taint aroma. All testicular measurements and weights and seminiferous tubule scores were less for DI boars compared to SI and CNT boars (P < 0.001). More (P < 0.05) SI and CNT boars had detectable boar taint aroma than DI boars. Libido was assessed at 32, 36, 47, 60, and 63 wk of age and semen collected at 60 wk of age was analyzed for indicators of quality. There was no treatment effect (P = 0.41) on libido. Semen volume, gel weight and total number of sperm cells were not different among treatments. Sperm concentration was greater for DI than SI (P = 0.01), and tended to be greater for DI compared to CNT (P = 0.10). Sperm motility tended to be greater for DI boars compared to CNT boars (P = 0.066). The results show that there are no permanent effects of immunocastration on reproductive characteristics in boars.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73920
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731116002081
27
Immunological castration temporarily reduces testis size and function without long-term effects on libido and sperm quality in boars.
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/933002020-10-13T19:02:41Zcom_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Izac, Jerilyn R.
author
Camire, Andrew C.
author
Earnhart, Christopher G.
author
Embers, Monica E.
author
Funk, Rebecca A.
author
Breitschwerdt, Edward B.
author
Marconi, Richard T.
author
2019-04-17
As Ixodes ticks spread to new regions, the incidence of Lyme disease (LD) in companion animals and humans will increase. Preventive strategies for LD in canines center on vaccination and tick control (acaricides). Both subunit and bacterin based LD veterinary vaccines are available. Outer surface protein C (OspC), a potent immunogen and dominant early antigen, has been demonstrated to elicit protective antibody (Ab) responses. However, a single OspC protein elicits a relatively narrow range of protection. There are conflicting reports as to whether the immunodominant epitopes of OspC reside within variable or conserved domains. A detailed understanding of the antigenic determinants of OspC is essential for understanding immune responses to this essential virulence factor and vaccinogen. Here, we investigate the contribution of the conserved C-terminal C10 motif in OspC triggered Ab responses. Using a panel of diverse recombinant full length OspC proteins and their corresponding C10 deletion variants (OspC Delta C10), we demonstrate that the C10 motif does not significantly contribute to immunization or infection induced Ab responses in rabbits, rats, canines, horses and non-human primates. Furthermore, the C10 motif is not required to trigger potent bactericidal Ab responses. This study provides insight into the antigenic structure of OspC. The results enhance our understanding of immune responses that develop during infection or upon vaccination and have implications for interpretation of LD diagnostic assays that employ OspC. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
0264-410X
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/93300
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.02.007
37
17
30922701
1873-2518
Borreliella
Lyme disease
OspC
Lyme disease vaccine
Borrelia
Analysis of the antigenic determinants of the OspC protein of the Lyme disease spirochetes: Evidence that the C10 motif is not immunodominant or required to elicit bactericidal antibody responses
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1049002022-06-17T18:58:50Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Furr, Martin
author
McKenzie, Harold
author
2020-10-12
Background: Bloodstream infections (BSI) are common in sick foals and increase foal morbidity and mortality when they occur. Recognition of risk factors for BSI could be an important means to limit their occurrence, but studies on this topic are limited. Objectives: Historical as well as maternal and foal physical examination findings will predict risk of BSI in neonatal foals. Animals: Foals <14 days of age admitted to a referral equine hospital for care. Methods: Retrospective case-control study with univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: Four hundred twenty-nine (143 cases and 286 controls) foals <14 days of age were studied. Risk of a foal having a BSI was increased in foals with umbilical disease (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 11.01; P =.02), hypoglycemia (adjusted OR, 13.51; P =.03), and the combined presence of umbilical disease and low hematocrit (adjusted OR, >999.99; P =.04). Factors not found to be risk factors for development of BSI included prematurity, hypothermia, abdominal disease, diarrhea, failure of passive transfer, and maternal uterine infection. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Several historical and physical examination findings increase the risk of foals being blood culture positive at presentation to the hospital. This knowledge may aid early identification of blood culture status, thus aiding in treatment decisions.
0891-6640
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104900
https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15923
34
6
McKenzie, Harold [0000-0001-8230-2237]
33044020
1939-1676
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Veterinary Sciences
bacteremia
foal
neonate
septicemia
CRITICALLY-ILL PATIENTS
LACTATE CONCENTRATION
STREAM INFECTIONS
SCORING SYSTEM
SEPSIS SCORE
SURVIVAL
DIAGNOSIS
DEATH
SUSCEPTIBILITY
HYPOGLYCEMIA
0707 Veterinary Sciences
Factors associated with the risk of positive blood culture in neonatal foals presented to a referral center (2000-2014)
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/739182023-06-14T17:50:25Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_8195com_10919_24261com_10919_5559com_10919_111086com_10919_5532col_10919_70873col_10919_18629col_10919_24343col_10919_111087
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Clark-Deener, Sherrie
author
Kang, Jung-Taek
author
Cho, Bumrae
author
Ryu, Junghyun
author
Ray, Caitlin
author
Lee, Eun-Jin
author
Ahn, SunMi
author
Lee, JinSeok
author
Ji, Dal-Young
author
Jue, Nathaniel
author
Lee, Kiho
author
Park, Kwang-Wook
author
2016-11-03
Background: Pigs with SCID can be a useful model in regenerative medicine, xenotransplantation, and cancer cell transplantation studies. Utilizing genome editing technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 system allows us to generate genetically engineered pigs at a higher efficiency. In this study, we report generation and phenotypic characterization
of IL2RG knockout female pigs produced through combination of CRISPR/Cas9 system and SCNT. As expected, pigs lacking IL2RG presented SCID phenotype.
Methods: First, specific CRISPR/Cas9 systems targeting IL2RG were introduced into developing pig embryos then the embryos were transferred into surrogates. A total of six fetuses were obtained from the embryo transfer and fetal fibroblast cell lines were established. Then IL2RG knockout female cells carrying biallelic genetic modification were used as donor cells for SCNT, followed by embryo transfer.
Results: Three live cloned female piglets carrying biallelic mutations in IL2RG were produced. All cloned piglets completely lacked thymus and they had a significantly reduced level of mature T, B and NK cells in their blood and spleen.
Conclusions: Here, we generated IL2RG knockout female pigs showing phenotypic characterization of SCID. This IL2RG knockout female pigs will be a promising model for biomedical and translational research.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73918
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-016-0206-5
14
1
Biallelic modification of IL2RG leads to severe combined immunodeficiency in pigs
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/485092023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5523com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_5548col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Cox, Beverly Gwen
author
Welsh, John
author
Currin, John F.
author
2009-11-05
Discusses ways to preserve winter teat condition, herd shares as an alternative milk marketing option, and proper injection of meds to cull dairy cows that may become beef cows.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48509
Dairy Pipeline
Dairy Pipeline. November/December 2009
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/717812023-06-14T19:56:22Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_8195com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_18629col_10919_24343col_10919_23146
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Shepherd, Megan L.
author
2014-09-09
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71781
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-014-0039-8.
Probiotics and virulent human rotavirus modulate the transplanted human gut microbiota in gnotobiotic pigs
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/483912023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5523com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_5548col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Petersson-Wolfe, Christina S.
author
Currin, John F.
author
2010-06-10
Lists types, source, control and treatment of mastitis-causing bacteria.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48391
http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/404/404-230/404-230_pdf.pdf
Dairy Cattle
Reference Guide for Mastitis-Causing Bacteria
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/894912021-06-21T19:05:12Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24261com_10919_5559com_10919_111086com_10919_5532col_10919_18629col_10919_24343col_10919_111087
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Carey, Kayla
author
Ryu, Junghyun
author
Uh, Kyungjun
author
Lengi, Andrea J.
author
Clark-Deener, Sherrie
author
Corl, Benjamin A.
author
Lee, Kiho
author
2019-05-06
Background
The CRISPR/Cas9 system can effectively introduce site-specific modifications to the genome. The efficiency is high enough to induce targeted genome modifications during embryogenesis, thus increasing the efficiency of producing genetically modified animal models and having potential clinical applications as an assisted reproductive technology. Because most of the CRISPR/Cas9 systems introduce site-specific double-stranded breaks (DSBs) to induce site-specific modifications, a major concern is its potential off-targeting activity, which may hinder the application of the technology in clinics. In this study, we investigated off-targeting events in genome edited pigs/fetuses that were generated through direct injection of the CRISPR/Cas9 system into developing embryos; off-targeting activity of four different sgRNAs targeting RAG2, IL2RG, SCD5, and Ig Heavy chain were examined.
Results
First, bioinformatics analysis was applied to identify 27 potential off-targeting genes from the sgRNAs. Then, PCR amplification followed by sequencing analysis was used to verify the presence of off-targeting events. Off-targeting events were only identified from the sgRNA used to disrupt Ig Heavy chain in pigs; frequency of off-targeting was 80 and 70% on AR and RBFOX1 locus respectively. A potential PAM sequence was present in both of the off-targeting genes adjacent to probable sgRNA binding sites. Mismatches against sgRNA were present only on the 5′ side of AR, suggesting that off-targeting activities are systematic events. However, the mismatches on RBFOX1 were not limited to the 5′ side, indicating unpredictability of the events.
Conclusions
The prevalence of off-targeting is low via direct injection of CRISPR/Cas9 system into developing embryos, but the events cannot be accurately predicted. Off-targeting frequency of each CRISPR/Cas9 system should be deliberately assessed prior to its application in clinics.
BMC Biotechnology. 2019 May 06;19(1):25
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/89491
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12896-019-0517-7
Frequency of off-targeting in genome edited pigs produced via direct injection of the CRISPR/Cas9 system into developing embryos
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1046222024-03-12T15:58:36Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Menarim, Bruno C.
author
MacLeod, James N.
author
Dahlgren, Linda A.
author
2021-07-26
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disease causing major disability and medical expenditures. Synovitis is a central feature of OA and is primarily driven by macrophages. Synovial macrophages not only drive inflammation but also its resolution, through a coordinated, simultaneous expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms that are essential to counteract damage and recover homeostasis. Current OA therapies are largely based on anti-inflammatory principles and therefore block pro-inflammatory mechanisms such as prostaglandin E2 and Nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathways. However, such mechanisms are also innately required for mounting a pro-resolving response, and their blockage often results in chronic low-grade inflammation. Following minor injury, macrophages shield the damaged area and drive tissue repair. If the damage is more extensive, macrophages incite inflammation recruiting more macrophages from the bone marrow to maximize tissue repair and ultimately resolve inflammation. However, sustained damage and inflammation often overwhelms pro-resolving mechanisms of synovial macrophages leading to the chronic inflammation and related tissue degeneration observed in OA. Recently, experimental and clinical studies have shown that joint injection with autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells replenishes inflamed joints with macrophage and hematopoietic progenitors, enhancing mechanisms of inflammation resolution, providing remarkable and long-lasting effects. Besides creating an ideal environment for resolution with high concentrations of interleukin-10 and anabolic growth factors, macrophage progenitors also have a direct role in tissue repair. Macrophages constitute a large part of the early granulation tissue, and further transdifferentiate from myeloid into a mesenchymal phenotype. These cells, characterized as fibrocytes, are essential for repairing osteochondral defects. Ongoing "omics" studies focused on identifying key drivers of macrophage-mediated resolution of joint inflammation and those required for efficient osteochondral repair, have the potential to uncover ways for developing engineered macrophages or off-the-shelf pro-resolving therapies that can benefit patients suffering from many types of arthropaties, not only OA.
1948-0210
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104622
https://doi.org/10.4252/wjsc.v13.i7.825
13
7
Dahlgren, Linda [0000-0002-3825-7763]
34367479 (pubmed)
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Cell Biology
Osteoarthritis
Arthropathy
Synovitis
Hematopoietic progenitor
Homeostasis
Cell therapy
MESENCHYMAL STEM-CELLS
AUTOLOGOUS CONDITIONED SERUM
KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS
SYNOVIAL BIOPSIES
DIFFERENTIATION
INTERLEUKIN-10
CARTILAGE
IL-10
CHONDROCYTES
CYTOKINES
Bone marrow mononuclear cells for joint therapy: The role of macrophages in inflammation resolution and tissue repair
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/490652023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_24259com_10919_5559com_10919_24261col_10919_24342col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Hancock, K.
author
Zajac, Anne M.
author
Elvinger, Francois
author
Lindsay, David S.
author
2004-08
Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis is the most important protozoan disease of horses in North America and is usually caused by Sarcocystis neurona. Natural and experimentally induced cases of encephalitis caused by S. neurona have been reported in raccoons (Procyon lotor) and raccoons are an intermediate host for this parasite. A 3-yr-long serological survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of agglutinating antibodies to S. neurona in raccoons collected from Fairfax County, Virginia, a suburban-urban area outside Washington, D.C. Samples from 469 raccoons were examined, and agglutinating antibodies ( greater than or equal to 1:50 dilution) were found in 433 (92.3%) of the raccoons. This study indicates that exposure to S. neurona is high in this metropolitan area.
Katie Hancock, Anne M. Zajac, Francois Elvinger, and David S. Lindsay (2004). "Prevalence of Agglutinating Antibodies to Sarcocystis neurona in Raccoons (Procyon lotor) From an Urban Area of Virginia," Journal of Parasitology, Vol. 90, No. 4, pp. 881-882. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/GE-302R
0022-3395
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49065
http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1645/GE-302R
https://doi.org/10.1645/ge-302r
opossums didelphis-virginiana
equine protozoal myeloencephalitis
armadillo dasypus-novemcinctus
distemper virus-infection
intermediate
host
mephitis-mephitis
life-cycle
encephalitis
transmission
apicomplexa
parasitology
Prevalence of agglutinating antibodies to Sarcocystis neurona in raccoons (Procyon lotor) from an urban area of Virginia
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/483882023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5523com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_5548col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Petersson-Wolfe, Christina S.
author
Mullarky, Isis K.
author
Currin, John F.
author
2011-07-29
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) mastitis is extremely difficult to control by treatment alone. To date, successful control is gained only through prevention of new infections and culling of infected animals.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48388
http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/404/404-226/404-226_pdf.pdf
Dairy Cattle
Staphylococcus aureus: A Practical Summary for Controlling Mastitis
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/485142023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5523com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_5548col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Currin, John F.
author
Cassell, Bennet G.
author
2010-06-01
Discusses management and prevention of metritis and correctly identifying sires of cows in Virginia.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48514
Dairy Pipeline
Dairy Pipeline. June 2010
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/236362023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5523com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_5548col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Currin, John F.
author
Whittier, W. Dee
author
2000
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23636
Current strategies in parasite control in Virginia beef cattle
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/507312023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_111748com_10919_91436com_10919_5532com_10919_5523com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_111762col_10919_5548col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Whittier, William Dee
author
Gerken, Hubert J. Jr.
author
Zipper, Carl E.
author
2002-10-12
Summarizes a number of cattle management issues that are important to mined-land cattle producers in Virginia.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50731
http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/460/460-128/460-128_pdf.pdf
Beef cattle
Mined Land Reclamation
Management of Cow-Calf Production on Reclaimed Surface-Mined Land
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/490752023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_24259com_10919_5559com_10919_24261col_10919_24342col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Hancock, K.
author
Zajac, Anne M.
author
Pung, O. J.
author
Elvinger, Francois
author
Rosypal, A. C.
author
Lindsay, David S.
author
2005-04
Raccoons (Procvon lotor) are reservoir hosts for Trypanosoma cruzi. A 3-yr-long serological survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of antibodies to this zoonotic parasite in raccoons collected from Fairfax County. Virginia, a suburban/urban area outside Washington, D.C. Serum samples from 464 raccoons were examined for T. cruzi antibodies at a 1:40 dilution with an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and Brazil strain T. cruzi amastigotes and trypomastigotes as antigen. A positive IFAT test was found in 154 (33%) of the 464 samples. The yearly prevalence was 49 of 132 (37%) in 2000; 19 of 120 (16%) in 2001; and 86 of 212 (41%) in 2002. Our study indicates that raccoons in this area of Virginia are frequently exposed to T cruzi.
Katie Hancock, Anne M. Zajac, Oscar J. Pung, Francois Elvinger, Alexa C. Rosypal, and David S. Lindsay (2005). "Prevalence of Antibodies to Trypanosoma cruzi in Raccoons (Procyon lotor) From an Urban Area of Northern Virginia," Journal of Parasitology, Vol. 91, No. 2, pp. 470-472. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/GE-399R
0022-3395
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49075
http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1645/GE-399R
https://doi.org/10.1645/ge-399r
wild raccoons
georgia
infection
southeast
carolina
opossums
florida
parasitology
Prevalence of antibodies to Trypanosoma cruzi in raccoons (Procyon lotor) from an urban area of northern Virginia
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/736842023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
McKenzie, H. C.
author
Furr, M. O.
author
2001-07-01
Although the clinical syndrome of sepsis is a major problem in equine neonates, the pathophysiology of this condition remains incomplete. Because the term sepsis describes a broad range of disorders with different underlying causes and often different prognoses, the understanding of this process is further complicated. Continued progress is being made, how- ever, in defining the syndromes associated with sepsis and in elucidating the mechanisms in- volved in these processes. Attempts at modulating the septic process by interfering with the action of bacterial toxins or the production or activity of individual mediators have not been successful, thereby reinforcing that this is a multifactorial response. Fortunately, the complex interactions of intra- and extracellular messengers leading to clinical sepsis continue to be defined. An increased understanding of the processes involved in the septic response may aid in the identification of patients with these syndromes as well as improve the effectiveness of treatment regimens.
1940-8315
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73684
23
7
Equine neonatal sepsis: The pathophysiology of severe inflammation and infection.
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/507052023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5523com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_5548col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Whittier, W. Dee
author
Currin, Nancy
author
Currin, John F.
author
2005-09-01
Anaplasmosis is an infectious disease of cattle caused by several species of the blood parasite Anaplasma. A. marginale is the most common pathogen of cattle.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50705
http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/400/400-465/400-465_pdf.pdf
Beef cattle
Veterinary medicine
Anaplasmosis in Beef Cattle
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1050492021-09-24T07:11:28Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24261com_10919_5559com_10919_111086com_10919_5532col_10919_70873col_10919_24343col_10919_111087
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Swartz, Turner H.
author
Schramm, Hollie H.
author
Petersson-Wolfe, Christina S.
author
2020-06-01
The objective of this study was to determine the association of neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD) with step activity and lying behaviors in pre-weaned dairy calves. Calves were housed in individual hutches for the first 6 days of life, and then moved into a group pen. On the day of birth, calves (n = 30) were fitted with an accelerometer, and step activity and lying behaviors were recorded. Calves were assigned a fecal score (FS) twice daily using a 0 to 3 scale, and were diagnosed with NCD (n = 10) when the score was a 3. To ensure the only association noted was due to NCD, calves that had any other health complications were excluded from analyses (n = 1). Calves with NCD were pair matched by age, breed, and birthdate to a healthy calf. Day 0 was designated as the date of NCD diagnosis. Calves with NCD spent less time lying (P < 0.05) and displayed more lying bouts (P < 0.05) of a shorter duration (P < 0.01) than healthy calves. Specifically, calves with NCD displayed more lying bouts on days -7 (P < 0.05), -6 (P < 0.01), -5 (P < 0.01), -4 (P < 0.01), and -3 (P < 0.05). Similarly, lying bout duration was shorter for calves with NCD on days -6 (P < 0.05), -5 (P < 0.05), -4 (P < 0.01), and -3 (P < 0.01). Additional research is needed to examine if these tools can be used to identify diseased calves prospectively.
2451-943X
PMC7386648
100111 (PII)
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/105049
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vas.2020.100111
9
Petersson-Wolfe, Christina [0000-0002-2766-1306]
32734112
2451-943X
Accelerometer
Lying behaviors
Neonatal calf diarrhea
Pre-weaned calf
Step activity
Short Communication: Association between neonatal calf diarrhea and lying behaviors
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/739222023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Clark-Deener, Sherrie
author
Guynn, Sierra
author
2015-05-14
With the increase in smaller farms wanting to raise sheep and goats as well as camelids (alpacas and llamas) in the U.S., veterinarians who do not routinely treat small ruminants and camelids may be asked about medications that can be used in their treatment. This proceedings article will discuss medications – including vaccines, antibiotics, anthelmintics, etc. that can be used to treat sheep and goats as well as camelids. The majority of these dosages have been acquired from a number of veterinarians who has experience with these species and have published guidelines.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73922
Medications used in small ruminants and camelids
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/485202023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5523com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_5548col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Machado, Kayla L., 1987-
author
Currin, John F.
author
2011-03-01
Discusses preparing calves' milk to minimize bacteria, and dewormers.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48520
Dairy Pipeline
Dairy Pipeline. March 2011
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/810502023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5540com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_71752col_10919_24343col_10919_23146
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Byron, Christopher R.
author
Trahan, Richard A.
author
2017-09-20
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a ubiquitous disease affecting many horses. The disease causes chronic pain and decreased performance for patients and great cost to owners for diagnosis and treatment. The most common treatments include systemic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and intra-articular injection of corticosteroids. There is excellent support for the palliative pain relief these treatments provide; however, they do not arrest progression and may in some instances hasten advancement of disease. Orthobiologic treatments have been investigated as potential OA treatments that may not only ameliorate pain but also prevent or reverse pathologic articular tissue changes. Clinical protocols for intra-articular use of such treatments have not been optimized; the high cost of in vivo research and concerns over humane use of research animals may be preventing discovery. The objective of this study was to evaluate a novel in vitro articular coculture system for future use in OA treatment research. Concentrations and fold increases in various markers of inflammation (prostaglandin E2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha), degradative enzyme activity [matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13)], cartilage and bone metabolism (bone alkaline phosphatase and dimethyl-methylene blue), and cell death (lactate dehydrogenase) were compared between IL-1-stimulated equine articular cartilage explant cultures and cocultures comprised of osteochondral and synovial explants (OCS). Results suggested that there are differences in responses of culture systems to inflammatory stimulation. In particular, the IL-1-induced fold changes in MMP-13 concentration were significantly different between OCS and cartilage explant culture systems after 96 h. These differences may be relevant to responses of joints to inflammation in vivo and could be important to the biological relevance of in vitro research findings.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81050
https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2017.00152
4
articular coculture
prostaglandin E2
bone alkaline phosphatase
matrix metalloproteinase-13
tumor necrosis factor-alpha
osteoarthritis
Horses
Comparison of the Effects of Interleukin-1 on Equine Articular Cartilage Explants and Cocultures of Osteochondral and Synovial Explants
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/485062023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5523com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_5548col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Cox, Beverly Gwen
author
Currin, John F.
author
2009-06-17
Discusses performance of various cooling systems on dairy farms, and appropriate level of milk production to dry off or cull a cow.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48506
Dairy Pipeline
Dairy Pipeline. July 2009
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1043822022-03-15T02:09:43Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24261com_10919_5559com_10919_111086com_10919_5532col_10919_78882col_10919_24343col_10919_111087
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Ujita, Aska
author
Seekford, Zachary
author
Kott, Michelle L.
author
Goncherenko, Guillermo
author
Dias, Nicholas W.
author
Feuerbacher, Erica N.
author
Bergamasco, Luciana
author
Jacobs, Leonie
author
Eversole, Dan Edward
author
Negrão, João A.
author
Mercadante, Vitor R. G.
author
2021-07-21
Our objective was to determine the impact of different habituation protocols on beef cattle behavior, physiology, and temperament in response to human handling. Beef heifers were exposed to three habituation strategies: (1) tactile stimulation (brushing) in the working chute for seven consecutive days (STI; <i>n</i> = 18); (2) passage through the working chute for seven consecutive days (CHU; <i>n</i> = 19) and; (3) no habituation (CON; <i>n</i> = 19). Individual heifer respiratory rate (RR; n/min), internal vaginal temperature (VAGT; °C), and blood cortisol were measured. Further, behavior parameters were observed to generate a behavior score, and heifer interaction with students and their behavioral responses were recorded. Habituation with STI and CHU resulted in improved numerical behavioral scores compared to CON, and greater (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) handling latencies. Vaginal temperature was decreased in STI compared to CHU and CONT (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). Cortisol concentration did not differ among treatments, but decreased (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) from the start of the experiment to 14 days after treatment initiation. Both habituation protocols showed benefits, but heifers that received the positive tactile stimulation in the chute had the greatest behavior improvements. Furthermore, these heifers responded more calmly during student-animal interactions in class, which is beneficial for the students’ and animals’ safety.
Ujita, A.; Seekford, Z.; Kott, M.; Goncherenko, G.; Dias, N.W.; Feuerbacher, E.; Bergamasco, L.; Jacobs, L.; Eversole, D.E.; Negrão, J.A.; Mercadante, V.R.G. Habituation Protocols Improve Behavioral and Physiological Responses of Beef Cattle Exposed to Students in an Animal Handling Class. Animals 2021, 11, 2159.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104382
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11082159
beef cattle
behavior
habituation
human handling
cortisol
positive stimulation
Habituation Protocols Improve Behavioral and Physiological Responses of Beef Cattle Exposed to Students in an Animal Handling Class
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/736582023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Hoffman, C. J.
author
McKenzie, H. C.
author
Furr, M. O.
author
Desrochers, A.
author
2015-03-01
0891-6640
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73658
https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.12558
29
2
Veterinary Sciences
Cortisol
Critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency
Equine
Glucocorticoid receptor
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
LIPOPROTEIN-LIPASE ACTIVITY
LOW-DOSE HYDROCORTISONE
T-CELL FUNCTION
SEPTIC SHOCK
CORTICOSTEROID INSUFFICIENCY
PLASMA ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN
MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES
ACTH CONCENTRATIONS
NEONATAL FOALS
ILL HORSES
Glucocorticoid Receptor Density and Binding Affinity in Healthy Horses and Horses with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/483862023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5523com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_5548col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Petersson-Wolfe, Christina S.
author
Currin, John F.
author
2011-07-29
Escherichia coli are Gram-negative bacteria, similar in structure to Klebsiella spp. E. coli mastitis is typically associated with a quick onset and often severe clinical signs.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48386
http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/404/404-224/404-224_pdf.pdf
Dairy Cattle
Escherichia coli: A Practical Summary for Controlling Mastitis
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1021272022-02-26T00:17:28Zcom_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Avila-Calderon, Eric Daniel
author
Medina-Chavez, Olin
author
Flores-Romo, Leopoldo
author
Hernandez-Hernandez, Jose Manuel
author
Donis-Maturano, Luis
author
Lopez-Merino, Ahidé
author
Arellano-Reynoso, Beatriz
author
Aguilera-Arreola, Ma. Guadalupe
author
Ruiz, Enrico A.
author
Gomez-Lunar, Zulema
author
Witonsky, Sharon G.
author
Contreras-Rodriguez, Araceli
author
2020-10-19
Similar to what has been described in other Gram-negative bacteria, Brucella melitensis releases outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). OMVs from B. melitensis 16M and the rough-mutant B. melitensis VTRM1 were able to induce a protective immune response against virulent B. melitensis in mice models. The presence of some proteins which had previously been reported to induce protection against Brucella were found in the proteome of OMVs from B. melitensis 16M. However, the proteome of OMVs from B. melitensis VTRM1 had not previously been determined. In order to be better understand the role of OMVs in host-cell interactions, the aim of this work was to compare the proteomes of OMVs from B. melitensis 16M and the derived rough-mutant B. melitensis VTRM1, as well as to characterize the immune response induced by vesicles on host cells. Additionally, the effect of SDS and proteinase K on the stability of OMVs was analyzed. OMVs from B. melitensis 16M (smooth strain) and the B. melitensis VTRM1 rough mutant (lacking the O-polysaccharide side chain) were analyzed through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). OMVs were treated with proteinase K, sodium deoxycholate, and SDS, and then their protein profile was determined using SDS-PAGE. Furthermore, PBMCs were treated with OMVs in order to measure their effect on cytoskeleton, surface molecules, apoptosis, DNA damage, proliferation, and cytokine-induction. A total of 131 proteins were identified in OMVs from B. melitensis16M, and 43 in OMVs from B. melitensis VTRM1. Proteome comparison showed that 22 orthologous proteins were common in vesicles from both strains, and their core proteome contained Omp31, Omp25, GroL, and Omp16. After a subsequent detergent and enzyme treatment, OMVs from B. melitensis VTRM1 exhibited higher sensitive compared to OMVs from the B. melitensis 16M strain. Neither OMVs induced IL-17, proliferation, apoptosis or DNA damage. Nonetheless, OMVs from the smooth and rough strains induced overproduction of TNF alpha and IL-6, as well as actin and tubulin rearrangements in the cytoskeleton. Moreover, OMVs from both strains inhibited PD-L1 expression in T-cells. These data revealed significant differences in OMVs derived from the rough and smooth Brucella strains, among which, the presence or absence of complete LPS appeared to be crucial to protect proteins contained within vesicles and to drive the immune response.
1664-302X
556795
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102127
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.556795
11
33193138
outer membrane vesicles
Brucella
proteomics
OMVs
bacterial vesicles
extracellular vesicle
Outer Membrane Vesicles From Brucella melitensis Modulate Immune Response and Induce Cytoskeleton Rearrangement in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1108092023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5540com_10919_24259com_10919_5559com_10919_106917com_10919_24261col_10919_71752col_10919_24342col_10919_106918col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Kravitz, Amanda
author
Pelzer, Kevin
author
Sriranganathan, Nammalwar
author
2021-08-13
Paratuberculosis, or Johne’s Disease (JD) is a debilitating chronic enteritis mainly affecting ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). This organism causes worldwide economic losses to the livestock industry, and is of public health importance due to the potential zoonotic risk between MAP and Crohn’s disease (CD) in humans. Without economical treatments, or a vaccine capable of preventing infection without causing cross-reactions with bovine tuberculosis, test-and-cullmethods for disease control are imperative. Unfortunately, difficulties in diagnostics and long subclinical stage hinder adequate control and is further complicated by variation in MAP exposure outcome. Interestingly, the majority of infections result in asymptomatic presentation and never progress to clinical disease. One contributing factor is host genetics, where polymorphisms in innate immune genes have been found to influence resistance and susceptibility to disease. Candidate genes identified across studies overlap with those found in CD and tuberculosis including; Solute carrier family 11 member 1 gene (SLC11A1), Nucleotide-binding-oligomerization domain containing gene 2 (NOD2), Major histocompatibility complex type II (MHC-II), and Toll-like receptor (TLR) genes. This review will highlight evidence supporting the vital role of these genes in MAP infection outcome, associated challenges, and implications for the future of JD research.
Kravitz A, Pelzer K and Sriranganathan N (2021) The Paratuberculosis Paradigm Examined: A Review of Host Genetic Resistance and Innate Immune Fitness in Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis Infection. Front. Vet. Sci. 8:721706. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.721706
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/110809
https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.721706
8
Johne’s disease
single nucleotide polymorphisms
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
innate immunity
host resistance and susceptibility
genome-wide association study
livestock
The Paratuberculosis Paradigm Examined: A Review of Host Genetic Resistance and Innate Immune Fitness in Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis Infection
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/483852023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5523com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_5548col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Petersson-Wolfe, Christina S.
author
Mullarky, Isis K.
author
Currin, John F.
author
2011-07-29
Klebsiella spp. are environmental organisms. The most common, mastitis-causing species are Klebsiella pneumoniae and K. oxytoca, but treatment and control is similar for all species of Klebsiella.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48385
http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/404/404-223/404-223_pdf.pdf
Dairy Cattle
Klebsiella spp.: A Practical Summary for Controlling Mastitis
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/236332023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5523com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_5548col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Whittier, W. Dee
author
Bailey, Thomas L.
author
2000
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23633
Predicting bull fertility
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1009272022-02-26T00:17:25Zcom_10919_24259com_10919_5559com_10919_24261col_10919_24342col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Petruzzi, Briana
author
Dickerman, Allan W.
author
Lahmers, Kevin K.
author
Scarratt, William K.
author
Inzana, Thomas J.
author
2020-07-10
Histophilus somni and Pasteurella multocida are two of multiple agents responsible for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in cattle. Following respiratory infection of calves withH. somni,P. multocidamay also be isolated from the lower respiratory tract. BecauseH. somnimay form a biofilm during BRD, we sought to determine ifP. multocidacan co-exist withH. somniin a polymicrobial biofilmin vitroandin vivo. Interactions between the two species in the biofilm were characterized and quantified by fluorescencein situhybridization (FISH). The biofilm matrix of each species was examined using fluorescently tagged lectins (FTL) specific for the exopolysaccharide (EPS) using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Bacterial interactions were determined by auto-aggregation and biofilm morphology.Pasteurella multocidaandH. somniwere evenly distributed in thein vitrobiofilm, and both species contributed to the polymicrobial biofilm matrix. The average biomass and biofilm thickness, and the total carbohydrate and protein content of the biofilm, were greatest when both species were present. Polymicrobial bacterial suspensions auto-aggregated faster than single species suspensions, suggesting physical interactions between the two species. Almost 300P. multocidagenes were significantly differentially regulated when the bacteria were in a polymicrobial biofilm compared to a mono-species biofilm, as determined by RNA-sequencing. As expected, host genes associated with inflammation and immune response were significantly upregulated at the infection site followingH. somnichallenge. EncapsulatedP. multocidaisolates not capable of forming a substantial biofilm enhanced anin vitropolymicrobial biofilm withH. somni, indicating they contributed to the polymicrobial biofilm matrix. Indirect evidence indicated that encapsulatedP. multocidaalso contributed to a polymicrobial biofilmin vivo. Only the EPS ofH. somnicould be detected by FTL staining of bovine tissues following challenge withH. somni. However, both species were isolated and an immune response to the biofilm matrix of both species was greater than the response to planktonic cells, suggesting encapsulatedP. multocidamay take advantage of theH. somnibiofilm to persist in the host during chronic BRD. These results may have important implications for the management and prevention of BRD.
1664-302X
1561
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100927
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01561
11
32754136
biofilm
polymicrobial
bovine respiratory disease
Histophilus somni
Pasteurella multocida
Polymicrobial Biofilm Interaction Between Histophilus somni and Pasteurella multocida
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/507382023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5523com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_5548col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Currin, John F.
author
Whittier, W. Dee
author
2005-09-01
The recognition and treatment of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex is vital to the economic well-being of the stocker cattle producer.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50738
http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/400/400-008/400-008_pdf.pdf
Beef cattle
Veterinary medicine
Recognition and Treatment of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/506952023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5523com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_5548col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Hall, John B.
author
Whittier, W. Dee
author
Myers, Jim
author
Cline, Mark A.
author
Cuddy, David
author
2005-09-01
New systems of synchronizing estrus in cows for artificial insemination have been developed using Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH). These systems allow producers to artificially inseminate cows with little or no heat detection
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50695
http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/400/400-013/400-013_pdf.pdf
Beef cattle
Veterinary medicine
GnRH Based Estrus Synchronization Systems for Beef Cows
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/739252023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Clark-Deener, Sherrie
author
2016-01-20
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73925
Cattle temperament: Effects on health and reproduction.
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1108102023-12-19T08:42:00Zcom_10919_5540com_10919_24261com_10919_5559col_10919_71752col_10919_24343
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Menarim, Bruno C.
author
Ali, Hossam El-Sheikh
author
Loux, Shavahn C.
author
Scoggin, Kirsten E.
author
Kalbfleisch, Theodore S.
author
MacLeod, James N.
author
Dahlgren, Linda A.
author
2021-12-08
Osteoarthritis (OA) may result from impaired ability of synovial macrophages to resolve joint inflammation. Increasing macrophage counts in inflamed joints through injection with bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMNC) induces lasting resolution of synovial inflammation. To uncover mechanisms by which BMNC may affect resolution, in this study, differential transcriptional signatures of BMNC in response to normal (SF) and inflamed synovial fluid (ISF) were analyzed. We demonstrate the temporal behavior of coexpressed gene networks associated with traits from related in vivo and in vitro studies. We also identified activated and inhibited signaling pathways and upstream regulators, further determining their protein expression in the synovium of inflamed joints treated with BMNC or DPBS controls. BMNC responded to ISF with an early pro-inflammatory response characterized by a short spike in the expression of a NF-ƙB- and mitogenrelated gene network. This response was associated with sustained increased expression of two gene networks comprising known drivers of resolution (IL-10, IGF-1, PPARG, isoprenoid biosynthesis). These networks were common to SF and ISF, but more highly expressed in ISF. Most highly activated pathways in ISF included the mevalonate pathway and PPAR-𝛄 signaling, with pro-resolving functional annotations that improve mitochondrial metabolism and deactivate NF-ƙB signaling. Lower expression of mevalonate kinase and phospho-PPAR-𝛄 in synovium from inflamed joints treated with BMNC, and equivalent IL-1β staining between BMNC- and DPBS-treated joints, associates with accomplished resolution in BMNC-treated joints and emphasize the intricate balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms required for resolution. Combined, our data suggest that BMNC-mediated resolution is characterized by constitutively expressed homeostatic mechanisms, whose expression are enhanced following inflammatory stimulus. These mechanisms translate into macrophage proliferation optimizing their capacity to counteract inflammatory damage and improving their general and mitochondrial metabolism to endure oxidative stress while driving tissue repair. Such effect is largely achieved through the synthesis of several lipids that mediate recovery of homeostasis. Our study reveals candidate mechanisms by which BMNC provide lasting improvement in patients with OA and suggests further investigation on the effects of PPAR-𝛄 signaling enhancement for the treatment of arthritic conditions.
Menarim BC, El-Sheikh Ali H, Loux SC, Scoggin KE, Kalbfleisch TS, MacLeod JN and Dahlgren LA (2021) Transcriptional and Histochemical Signatures of Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cell-Mediated Resolution of Synovitis. Front. Immunol. 12:734322. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.734322
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/110810
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.734322
12
macrophage
arthritis
mevalonate pathway
oxidative stress
joint therapy
Transcriptional and Histochemical Signatures of Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cell-Mediated Resolution of Synovitis
marc///col_10919_24343/100