2024-03-28T15:56:48Zhttps://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/server/oai/requestoai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1089142023-12-18T15:30:32Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_18629col_10919_24344
Neighborhood risk factors for sports and recreational injuries: a systematic review of studies applying multilevel modeling techniques
Injury Epidemiology
Ogunmayowa, Oluwatosin
Baker, Charlotte
Background: Sports and recreational activities are the most commonly reported cause of injury-related emergency department (ED) visits among children and young adults in developed countries, yet studies about the effect of neighborhood environment on sports and recreational injuries (SRI) are very limited. The aim of this study was to systematically review studies that apply multilevel modeling approach in examining the relationships between SRI and neighborhood-level risk factors.
Data sources: A systematic search of peer reviewed English language articles was conducted in four electronic databases including PubMed (1992–2020), CINAHL (2000–2020), Sports Medicine and Education Index (1996–2020), and Web of Science (1991–2020).
Study selection: Selected studies were observational or experimental studies of people of all ages across the world that assessed neighborhood risk factors for SRI (or all injuries including SRI) using multilevel regression analysis.
Data synthesis: Nine studies—five cross-sectional, two prospective cohort, and two incidence studies—were selected out of a potential 1510. Six studies used secondary data and three used primary data. Only three studies examined SRI as the main or one of the main outcomes. These studies showed that neighborhood-level factors, such as higher socioeconomic context, lower street connectivity, and living or attending schools in urban communities, were associated with increased risk of SRI. Most studies did not provide a justification for the use of multilevel regression and the multilevel analytical procedure employed and quantities reported varied. The Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies (National Institutes of Health) was used to assess the quality or risk of bias of each study. Four quality assessment criteria out of 15 were met by all nine studies. The quality assessment ratings of the reviewed studies were not correlated with the quality of information reported for the multilevel models.
Conclusion: Findings from this review provide evidence that neighborhood-level factors, in addition to individual-level factors, should be taken into consideration when developing public health policies for injury prevention. Considering the limited numbers of studies that were identified by this systematic review, more multilevel studies are needed to strengthen this evidence in order to better inform SRI prevention policy decisions.
Published version
2022-02-28T13:18:01Z
2022-02-28T13:18:01Z
2022-02-21
2022-02-27T04:13:05Z
Article - Refereed
Text
Injury Epidemiology. 2022 Feb 21;9(1):6
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/108914
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40621-022-00370-0
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Author(s)
application/pdf
application/pdf
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/952292023-06-14T17:01:21Zcom_10919_24233com_10919_5532com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_24308col_10919_24344
Evaluation of a mindfulness-based stress management and nutrition education program for mothers
Cogent Social Sciences
Kennedy, Lauren E.
Hosig, Kathy L.
Ju, Young
Serrano, Elena L.
Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise
Population Health Sciences
mindfulness
mothers
psychological stress
dietfood nutrition
public health practice
Background: Maternal stress is implicated in obesity and obesity-related chronic disease. This can have consequences for their children’s weight status and disease development. Interventions are needed that target both psychological stress and diet using evidence-based approaches. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the perceived impact of the Slow Down intervention on participants’ self-efficacy for practicing mindfulness and the barriers and perceived benefits to adopting intervention target behaviors. The ways that knowledge was brokered and transferred provided guidance on the translation of mindfulness within dietary interventions. Design: This was a qualitative evaluation of a mixed-methods quasi-experimental pilot intervention. A focus group was conducted post-intervention and a follow-up semi-structured individual interview took place 4–6 weeks post-intervention. Results: Self-efficacy for practicing mindfulness skills was generally high or described as mixed by participants. Reported benefits from participating in the intervention included increased social support, improved sleep, and improved reaction to stressors, among others. Participants reported barriers to making changes, including family or partner buy-in. Participants cited several ways that knowledge was gained and transferred throughout the intervention that could improve the translation of mindfulness research into practice. Conclusions: With increasing evidence supporting the use of mindfulness in public health nutrition interventions, there are gaps in describing the benefits of participation in mindfulness interventions and the barriers to making health behavior changes as a result of participation. This study demonstrates the potential for nutrition interventions that include psychological health and provides guidance on how to implement mindfulness practice into public health practice settings.
2019-11-01T18:55:38Z
2019-11-01T18:55:38Z
2019-10-31
Article - Refereed
Text
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/95229
https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2019.1682928
5
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
Cogent
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1147712023-04-26T07:33:22Zcom_10919_91913com_10919_23198com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_91914col_10919_24344
Tobacco use among Appalachian adolescents: An urgent need for virtual scale out of effective interventions
Tobacco Prevention & Cessation
Horn, Kimberly
Schoenberg, Nancy
Rose, Shyanika
Romm, Katelyn
Berg, Carla
adolescent tobacco cessation
rural youth tobacco prevention
virtual tobacco intervention
Tobacco use, typically initiated during adolescence, can escalate into young adulthood, even among experimenting or intermittent users. Despite declines in cigarette smoking among US adolescents, use of other tobacco products and poly-tobacco are on the rise among Appalachian adolescents. Unfortunately, Appalachian adolescent tobacco users also are less likely to receive effective tobacco interventions due to various barriers: a) accessibility (e.g. service and provider shortages, affordability, and transportation; b) acceptability (e.g. issues of privacy and stigma); and c) cultural relevance. The present review provides critical considerations synthesized from an extensive body of literature on the suitability of virtual tobacco interventions, the need for well-timed interventions that address complex tobacco use, and the rationale for leveraging and scaling evidence-based interventions inform novel interventions for Appalachian adolescent tobacco users. Borrowing strength from existing in-person evidence-based adolescent tobacco interventions and state-of-the-art virtual health services, a well-planned virtual scale out of tobacco interventions holds potential to minimize barriers unique to Appalachia.
US National Cancer Institute [R01CA21515501A1, R01CA239178-01A1, R01CA179422-01, R21 CA261884-01A1]; Fogarty International Center [R01DA054751-01A1]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/Fogarty [R01CA215155-01A1]; National Institute on Drug Abuse [R01CA239178-01A1]
Published version
This study was funded by the US National Cancer Institute (R01CA21515501A1; PI: Berg; R01CA239178-01A1; MPIs: Berg, Levine; R01CA179422-01; PI: Berg; R21 CA261884-01A1; MPIs: Berg, Arem), the Fogarty International Center (R01TW010664-01; MPIs: Berg, Kegler), the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/Fogarty (D43ES030927-01; MPIs: Berg, Caudle, Sturua), and the National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA05475101A1; MPIs: Berg, Cavazos-Rehg).
2023-04-25T12:45:33Z
2023-04-25T12:45:33Z
2022-11
Article - Refereed
Text
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/114771
https://doi.org/10.18332/tpc/155331
8
36404952
2459-3087
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
European Publishing
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/749422023-12-15T15:20:55Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_24344
Modeling the burden of poultry disease on the rural poor in Madagascar
One Health
Rist, Cassidy
Ngonghala, Calistus N.
Garchitorena, Andres
Brook, Cara E.
Ramananjato, Ranto
Miller, Ann C.
Randrianarivelojosia, Milijaona
Wright, Patricia C.
Gillespie, Thomas R.
Bonds, Matthew H.
Published version
2017-02-07T00:20:00Z
2017-02-07T00:20:00Z
2015-12
Article - Refereed
Text
2352-7714
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74942
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2015.10.002
1
en
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
60 - 65 page(s)
application/pdf
application/pdf
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1068012022-01-15T08:12:46Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_24344
Muskrat Falls: Methylmercury, food security, and Canadian hydroelectric development
Calder, Ryan S. D.
Schartup, Amina T.
Bell, Trevor
Sunderland, Elsie M.
Crocker, Stephen
Moore, Lisa
hydropower
methylmercury
Indigenous health
Accepted version
Yes (Peer reviewed?)
2021-12-01T19:42:11Z
2021-12-01T19:42:11Z
2021-12-15
2021-12-01T19:42:11Z
Book chapter
Chapter
Text
RSD Calder, AT Schartup, T Bell & EM Sunderland (2021). ‘Muskrat Falls: Methylmercury, food security, and Canadian hydroelectric development’ in Muskrat Falls: How a Mega Dam Became a Predatory Formation by S. Crocker & L. Moore (Eds.), St. John's, Canada: Memorial University Press.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/106801
Calder, Ryan [0000-0001-5618-9840]
en
Muskrat Falls: How a Mega Dam Became a Predatory Formation
https://memorialuniversitypress.ca/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
Canada
Memorial University Press
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1119762022-09-26T13:33:44Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24259com_10919_5559com_10919_24262col_10919_70873col_10919_24342col_10919_24344
Optimizing Pooled Testing for Estimating the Prevalence of Multiple Diseases
Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics
Warasi, Md S.
Hungerford, Laura L.
Lahmers, Kevin K.
Animal testing
Experimental design
Group testing
Screening
Surveillance
3 Good Health and Well Being
Pooled testing can enhance the efficiency of diagnosing individuals with diseases of low prevalence. Often, pooling is implemented using standard groupings (2, 5, 10, etc.). On the other hand, optimization theory can provide specific guidelines in finding the ideal pool size and pooling strategy. This article focuses on optimizing the precision of disease prevalence estimators calculated from multiplex pooled testing data. In the context of a surveillance application of animal diseases, we study the estimation efficiency (i.e., precision) and cost efficiency of the estimators with adjustments for the number of expended tests. This enables us to determine the pooling strategies that offer the highest benefits when jointly estimating the prevalence of multiple diseases, such as theileriosis and anaplasmosis. The outcomes of our work can be used in designing pooled testing protocols, not only in simple pooling scenarios but also in more complex scenarios where individual retesting is performed in order to identify positive cases. A software application using the shiny package in R is provided with this article to facilitate implementation of our methods. Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear online.
Accepted version
2022-09-23T12:14:54Z
2022-09-23T12:14:54Z
2022-08-12
2022-09-21T20:02:46Z
Article - Refereed
Journal Article
Text
1085-7117
PMC9373899
511 (PII)
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/111976
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13253-022-00511-4
Hungerford, Laura [0000-0002-5680-6746]
Lahmers, Kevin [0000-0002-5290-3426]
35975123
1537-2693
en
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35975123
In Copyright
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
application/pdf
Springer
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/993462023-12-15T15:20:55Zcom_10919_24262com_10919_5559com_10919_5540col_10919_24344col_10919_25336
Livestock and avermectins in Sub-Saharan Africa: protocol for a restricted systematic review of the impacts on productivity and documentation of resistance
Rist, Cassidy
Zheng, Rose
DeBose, Kyrille
livestock
avermectins
ivermectin
Sub-Saharan Africa
resistance
productivity
This document provides the protocol for a restricted systematic review (rapid review) intended to summarize the impacts of avermectins on livestock productivity and document resistance to avermectins in livestock in Sub-Saharan Africa. The protocol is written in alignment with the PRISMA-P statement, with modifications for a restricted systematic review.
Multicultural Academic Opportunities Program (MAOP) at Virginia Tech
2020-07-13T19:25:29Z
2020-07-13T19:25:29Z
2020-07-13
Protocol
Text
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99346
en
Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
Virginia Tech
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1007932023-12-15T15:20:55Zcom_10919_24216com_10919_5539com_10919_23261com_10919_24262com_10919_5559com_10919_91912com_10919_23198col_10919_24286col_10919_23262col_10919_24344col_10919_91916
A Sustainable Engineering Solution for Paediatric Dehydration in Low-Resource Clinical Environments
Journal of Humanitarian Engineering
Taylor, Ashley R.
Turovskiy, Jeffrey
Drew, Benjamin
Muelenaer, Andre A.
Redican, Kerry J.
Kochersberger, Kevin B.
Bickford, Lissett R.
Engineering for low resource environments
global health
paediatric dehydration
intravenous fluid volume regulation
community-based solutions
Engineering efforts in low resource environments pose a unique set of challenges, requiring an in-depth understanding of local needs, comprehensive mapping of community resources, and extensive collaboration with local expertise. The importance of these principles is demonstrated in this paper by detailing the novel design and field demonstration of an affordable, locally manufactured intravenous fluid regulation device. Collaboration with clinical personnel in Uganda and Malawi guided device design. In-country physicians emphasised the need to regulate volume of intravenous (IV) fluid delivered to a paediatric patient without use of electricity. The proposed device regulates IV fluid delivery within ±20 mL of total prescribed dosage, providing a method of reducing fatalities caused by over-hydration in low resource environments; the feasibility of building the device from local resources was demonstrated by a field research team in Malawi. The device was successfully constructed entirely from local resources for a total cost of $46.21 (USD). Additionally, the device was demonstrated in rural clinics where 89 % of surveyed clinical staff reported that they would use the device to regulate IV fluid delivery. This paper emphasises the importance of collaborating with communities for community-based engineering solutions. Mapping community assets and collaborating with local expertise are crucial to success of engineering efforts. Long-term, community-based efforts are likely to sustainably improve health outcomes and strengthen economies of communities worldwide.
2020-11-05T12:42:47Z
2020-11-05T12:42:47Z
2016
Article - Refereed
Text
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100793
https://doi.org/10.36479/jhe.v4i2.51
4
2
en
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 United States
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/
application/pdf
application/pdf
Engineers Without Borders Australia
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/994602020-10-13T19:02:41Zcom_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_24344
Conocimientos de la hipertension: Health beliefs about hypertension in an under-resourced community in the Dominican Republic
PLoS One
Abrams, Jasmine A.
Castro, Bryan
Gordhandas, Sushmita
Grzegorczyk, Anna
Maxwell, Morgan
Brawner, Bridgette
Conserve, Donaldson F.
Ryan, Mark
Population Health Sciences
Understanding health beliefs is important to facilitate health promotion and disease prevention as they influence health behaviors, outcomes, and disease management. Given the rise of hypertension-related diseases in the Dominican Republic, the purpose of our study was to identify hypertension-related health beliefs of Dominicans in order to inform the development of culturally appropriate interventions for hypertension prevention, care, and treatment. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 Dominicans, 15 of whom were receiving treatment for hypertension. Operating within the interpretative paradigmatic framework, we conducted thematic analyses of interview data to identify hypertension-related health beliefs and practices. Iterative data analysis revealed the following themes: 1) Negative emotions are a primary cause of hypertension, 2) Medication is the best treatment but adherence is challenging, 3) Systemic barriers impede treatment access, 4) Hypertension negatively impacts mental and physical well-being, and 5) Lifestyle changes, relaxation, and social support help manage hypertension. Data gathered from member checking validated these findings. This study enhances understanding of the beliefs and experiences of Dominicans and emphasize the importance of implementing culturally competent health programming and care.
2020-07-31T13:43:50Z
2020-07-31T13:43:50Z
2020-06-23
Article - Refereed
Text
StillImage
1932-6203
e0235088
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99460
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235088
15
6
32574228
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1094312022-03-24T07:12:08Zcom_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_24344
Environmental Heat Exposure Among Pet Dogs in Rural and Urban Settings in the Southern United States
Frontiers in Veterinary Science
Moon, Katherine E.
Wang, Suwei
Bryant, Kaya
Gohlke, Julia M.
canine
heat-related illness
environment
individually experienced temperature
rural
pet dog
heat stress
With advancing global climate change, heat-related illnesses and injuries are anticipated to become more prevalent for humans and other species. Canine hyperthermia is already considered an important seasonal emergency. Studies have been performed on the risk factors for heat stroke in canine athletes and military working dogs; however there is limited knowledge on environmental risk factors for the average pet dog. This observational study explores variation in individually experienced environmental temperatures of pet dogs (N = 30) in rural and urban environments in central Alabama. Temperature data from dogs and their owners was collected using wearable personal thermometers. Demographic data on the dogs was collected using a brief survey instrument completed by their owners. Dogs included in the study varied in signalment, activity level, and home environment. Linear mixed effects regression models were used to analyze repeated measure temperature and heat index values from canine thermometers to explore the effect of environmental factors on the overall heat exposure risk of canine pets. Specifically, the heat exposures of dogs were modeled considering their owner's experienced temperatures, as well as neighborhood and local weather station measurements, to identify factors that contribute to the heat exposure of individual dogs, and therefore potentially contribute to heat stress in the average pet dog. Results show hourly averaged temperatures for dogs followed a diurnal pattern consistent with both owner and ambient temperature measurements, except for indoor dogs whose recordings remained stable throughout the day. Heat index calculations showed that owners, in general, had more hours categorized into the National Weather Station safe category compared to their dogs, and that indoor dogs had a greater proportion of hours categorized as safe compared to outdoor dogs. Our results suggest that the risk of the average pet dog to high environmental heat exposure may be greater than traditional measures indicate, emphasizing that more localized considerations of temperature are important when assessing a dog's environmental risk for heat-related injury or illness.</p>
National Institutes of HealthUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [R01ES023029]; Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Summer Veterinary Student Research Program; Boehringer Ingelheim Veterinary Scholar programBoehringer Ingelheim
Published version
This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [Grant number R01ES023029 (PI: JG)], the Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Summer Veterinary Student Research Program, and the Boehringer Ingelheim Veterinary Scholar program. These funding sources were not involved in study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of data, in the writing of the report, or in the decision to submit the article for publication.
2022-03-23T16:46:29Z
2022-03-23T16:46:29Z
2021-10-05
Article - Refereed
Text
742926
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/109431
https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.742926
8
34676256
2297-1769
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
United States
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1073292022-02-26T00:17:29Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_24344
Decarbonization via long-distance transmission of hydropower is cost-effective
Calder, Ryan S. D.
Robinson, Celine
Borsuk, Mark E.
Hydropower is associated with substantially lower carbon emissions than fossil fuels and can satisfy baseload electricity demand unlike wind and solar power. In the northern United States, imports of Canadian hydropower account for a large and growing share of the electricity portfolio. For example, in New England, Canadian hydropower increased from 10% to 21% of electricity supplied to consumers between 2010 and 2020. These imports are increasingly dependent on capital-intensive long-distance transmission projects between the Canadian border and U.S. urban centers. While costs of these projects are clearly defined in dollars, benefits accrue in diverse forms, ranging from avoided air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions to reduced fuel and operation costs. This severely complicates cost-benefit analysis and has led to controversy over the role of Canadian hydropower in U.S. renewable energy transitions. We develop a probabilistic, multiattribute economic valuation model to explicitly compare direct and environmental costs and benefits of energy transition scenarios. We apply this model to the New York City area, where the recent closure of a ~2,000 MW nuclear power plant has increased demand for fossil fuel generation, and a proposed $4-billion long-distance hydropower transmission project has caused disagreement among environmental groups and other stakeholders. We find that coupling long-distance hydropower transmission with planned build-out of wind and solar reduces net total costs over 2021-2050 on the order of tens of billions of dollars, primarily due to avoided greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution whose economic value outweighs the added upfront capital costs. Long-distance hydropower transmission averts health and property impacts of air pollution from fossil fuel generators associated with an economic value on the order of hundreds of millions of dollars concentrated in vulnerable communities facing disproportionate environmental risks. These findings are robust to an extensive sensitivity analysis. This model provides a novel, transparent framework for supporting decision-making about long-distance hydropower transmission elsewhere.
Published version
2022-01-03T21:56:42Z
2022-01-03T21:56:42Z
2021-12-14
2022-01-03T21:56:42Z
Poster
Text
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/107329
Calder, Ryan [0000-0001-5618-9840]
en
In Copyright
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1073322023-12-15T15:20:55Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_78630col_10919_24344
Increasing resiliency of integrated food-energy-water systems to viral pandemics: lessons from COVID-19
Calder, Ryan S. D.
Grady, Caitlin
Jeuland, Marc
Kirchhoff, Christine J.
Rodgers, Samuel
Hale, Rebecca L.
Muenich, Rebecca L.
COVID-19
Food-energy-water systems
COVID-19 disrupted labor and capital inputs to interdependent food, energy, and water (FEW) systems. We demonstrate how graphical modeling of phenomena realized during COVID-19 can reveal dynamics of FEW systems during viral pandemics. For example, physical distancing slowed COVID-19 spread but led to economic disruption and may have increased COVID-19 susceptibility by exacerbating FEW insecurities among individuals with many comorbidities. We review predictions of pandemic impacts on FEW systems and identify the mechanisms that explain divergences with respect to observed outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. For example, supply-side breakdowns were averted, likely due to low morbidity and mortality among working-age people and net declines in overall energy demand. Modern food systems promote viral emergence, and future pandemics are likely to differ from COVID-19 with respect to one or more key variables such as age-specific mortality or viral infectivity. We use the case study of the poultry supply chain to highlight challenges in understanding how future viral pandemics may jeopardize food security. For example, a lack of publicly available data on staffing levels, working conditions, and product throughputs limits the possibility to simulate supply chain breakdowns as a function of outbreaks in meatpacking plants. Workers provide labor inputs to the food system, while the food system exposes them to risks of illness and death; simultaneously, workers face economic pressures to work while sick and face demand-side FEW insecurities that affect viral susceptibility. Labor inputs to industrial food supply chains hinge on such system dynamics for which there is virtually no quantitative modeling capacity. COVID-19 however provides an opportunity to parameterize and evaluate new models for FEW resiliency. We propose near-term data collection priorities that span classic FEW research, such as characterization of materials throughputs, and include social science methods and perspectives, such as accounting for workers’ behavioral responses to competing health and economic pressures.
Published version
Yes, abstract only (Peer reviewed?)
2022-01-03T22:35:43Z
2022-01-03T22:35:43Z
2021-12-15
2022-01-03T22:34:42Z
Conference proceeding
Video
MovingImage
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/107332
Calder, Ryan [0000-0001-5618-9840]
en
In Copyright
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
video/mp4
video/webm
text/vtt
video/mp4
video/webm
text/vtt
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1179262024-02-22T08:28:34Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_24344
Canada ignores Muskrat Falls at its peril
Calder, Ryan S. D.
Published version
2024-02-12T14:42:53Z
2024-02-12T14:42:53Z
2019-10-07
Article
Text
https://hdl.handle.net/10919/117926
Calder, Ryan [0000-0001-5618-9840]
en
In Copyright
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
The Telegram
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/774082024-03-13T14:09:24Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_24344
Epidemiological Modeling of Bovine Brucellosis in India
2014 IEEE International Conference On Big Data
Kang, Gloria J.
Gunaseelan, L.
Abbas, Kaja M.
Pyne, S.
Technology
Computer Science, Information Systems
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Computer Science
Engineering
brucellosis
epidemiology
India
mathematical model
prevention and control strategies
vaccination
ZOONOSIS
Published version
2017-04-14T01:59:52Z
2017-04-14T01:59:52Z
2014-01-01
Article - Refereed
Proceedings Paper
Meeting
Book
Text
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77408
Abbas, Kaja M. [0000-0003-0563-1576]
en
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000380462900217&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1
In Copyright
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
6 - 10 (5) page(s)
application/pdf
application/pdf
India
IEEE
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/975452021-10-05T19:15:08Zcom_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_78630col_10919_24344
Modeling the Potential for Vaccination to Diminish the Burden of Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella Disease in Young Children in Mali, West Africa
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
Bornstein, Kristin
Hungerford, Laura L.
Hartley, David
Sorkin, John D.
Tapia, Milagritos D.
Sow, Samba O.
Onwuchekwa, Uma
Simon, Raphael
Tennant, Sharon M.
Levine, Myron M.
A surveillance program at Gabriel Touré Hospital in Mali observed a high burden of invasive disease caused by non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS). This surveillance program was originally instituted to measure the amount of invasive disease (e.g., septicemia, meningitis) caused by two bacteria that invade the respiratory tract: Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). While documenting the burden of these pathogens, the surveillance program also found that serotypes of iNTS, mainly Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis, were common causes of severe invasive disease. As the number of cases of Hib and pneumococcus markedly decreased following the introduction of relevant vaccines, the relative threat of iNTS increased. Little is known about the reservoir of iNTS, whether it resides in humans, animals, or the environment, or how it is spread to susceptible children. Without this knowledge, it is not possible to employ certain disease control methods useful in interrupting the transmission of other pathogens. Therefore, vaccination remains the one promising control strategy for this disease. Our research modeled the potential effects of introducing an iNTS vaccine. The findings are of great importance to Mali and other developing countries where young children are at a high risk of developing iNTS disease.
SMT was funded by National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease U19 AI109776-01. The work done by JDS reported in this paper was supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health, P30 AG028747. Professor MMLevine's contributions were supported in part by a Strategic Translation Award from the Wellcome Trust (WT095967) and form the NIAID (5U19AI109776-03).
Published version
2020-04-07T18:41:40Z
2020-04-07T18:41:40Z
2017-02-09
Article - Refereed
Text
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97545
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005283
11
2
Hungerford, Laura L. [0000-0002-5680-6746]
en
Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
application/pdf
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Mali
PLOS
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/843022023-04-14T17:49:38Zcom_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_24344
Temperature and heat in informal settlements in Nairobi
PLOS ONE
Scott, Anna A.
Misiani, Herbert
Okoth, Terrify
Jordan, Asha
Gohlke, Julia M.
Ouma, Gilbert
Arrighi, Julie
Zaitchik, Benjamin F.
Jjemba, Eddie
Verjee, Safia
Waugh, Darryn W.
Nairobi, Kenya exhibits a wide variety of micro-climates and heterogeneous surfaces. Paved roads and high-rise buildings interspersed with low vegetation typify the central business district, while large neighborhoods of informal settlements or “slums” are characterized by dense, tin housing, little vegetation, and limited access to public utilities and services. To investigate how heat varies within Nairobi, we deployed a high density observation network in 2015/2016 to examine summertime temperature and humidity. We show how temperature, humidity and heat index differ in several informal settlements, including in Kibera, the largest slum neighborhood in Africa, and find that temperature and a thermal comfort index known colloquially as the heat index regularly exceed measurements at the Dagoretti observation station by several degrees Celsius. These temperatures are within the range of temperatures previously associated with mortality increases of several percent in youth and elderly populations in informal settlements. We relate these changes to surface properties such as satellite-derived albedo, vegetation indices, and elevation.
Published version
2018-07-24T16:45:27Z
2018-07-24T16:45:27Z
2017-11-06
Article - Refereed
Text
e01 87300
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/84302
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187300
12
11
29107977
1932-6203
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
PLOS
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/934962020-10-13T19:02:41Zcom_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_24344
Trends in HIV/AIDS morbidity and mortality in Eastern Mediterranean countries, 1990-2015: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study
International Journal of Public Health
Mokdad, Ali H.
El Bcheraoui, Charbel
Wang, Haidong
Charara, Raghid
Khalil, Ibrahim
Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar
Afshin, Ashkan
Collison, Michael
Daoud, Farah
Chew, Adrienne
Krohn, Kristopher J.
Carter, Austin
Foreman, Kyle J.
He, Fei
Kassebaum, Nicholas J.
Kutz, Michael
Mirarefin, Mojde
Nguyen, Grant
Silpakit, Naris
Sligar, Amber
Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu
Abate, Kalkidan Hassen
Abbas, Kaja M.
Abd-Allah, Foad
Abera, Semaw Ferede
Adane, Kelemework
Agarwal, Arnav
Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad
Ahmadi, Alireza
Ahmed, Muktar Beshir
Al Lami, Faris Hasan
Alam, Khurshid
Alasfoor, Deena
Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza
Al-Maskari, Fatma
Al-Raddadi, Rajaa
Altirkawi, Khalid A.
Alvis-Guzman, Nelson
Ammar, Walid
Anber, Nahla
Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.
Anwari, Palwasha
Asayesh, Hamid
Asghar, Rana Jawad
Atey, Tesfay Mehari
Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur
Ayele, Tadesse Awoke
Azzopardi, Peter
Bacha, Umar
Barac, Aleksandra
Baernighausen, Till
Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad
Geffen, David
Bedi, Neeraj
Bensenor, Isabela M.
Berhane, Adugnaw
Bessong, Pascal Obong
Beyene, Addisu Shunu
Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
Birungi, Charles
Butt, Zahid A.
Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero
Danawi, Hadi
das Neves, Jose
Deribe, Kebede
Deribew, Amare
Jarlais, Don C. Des
Dharmaratne, Samath D.
Djalalinia, Shirin
Doyle, Kerrie E.
Endries, Aman Yesuf
Eshrati, Babak
Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino
Farvid, Maryam S.
Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad
Feyissa, Tesfaye Regassa
Fischer, Florian
Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L.
Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde
Gesesew, Hailay Abrha
Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo
Glaser, Elizabeth
Gona, Philimon N.
Gugnani, Harish Chander
Gupta, Rahul
Bidgoli, Hassan Haghparast
Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa
Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi
Hambisa, Mitiku Teshome
Hamidi, Samer
Harb, Hilda L.
Hareri, Habtamu Abera
Horita, Nobuyuki
Husseini, Abdullatif
Ibrahim, Ahmed
James, Spencer Lewis
Jonas, Jost B.
Kasaeian, Amir
Kassaw, Nigussie Assefa
Khader, Yousef Saleh
Khan, Ejaz Ahmad
Khan, Gulfaraz
Khoja, Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah
Khubchandani, Jagdish
Kim, Yun Jin
Koyanagi, Ai
Defo, Barthelemy Kuate
Larson, Heidi J.
Latif, Asma Abdul
Leshargie, Cheru Tesema
Lunevicius, Raimundas
Abd El Razek, Mohammed Magdy
Majdzadeh, Reza
Majeed, Azeem
Malekzadeh, Reza
Manyazewal, Tsegahun
Markos, Desalegn
Farid, Habibolah Masoudi
Mehari, Alem
Mekonnen, Alemayehu B.
Memiah, Peter
Memish, Ziad A.
Mendoza, Walter
Mengesha, Melkamu Merid
Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese
Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane
Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary
Miller, Ted R.
Moore, Ami R.
Mumtaz, Ghina R.
Natarajan, Gopalakrishnan
Negin, Joel
Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf
Ogbo, Felix Akpojene
Oh, In-Hwan
Ota, Erika
Pereira, David M.
Pourmalek, Farshad
Qorbani, Mostafa
Radfar, Amir
Rafay, Anwar
Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa
Rai, Rajesh Kumar
Ram, Usha
Rawaf, David Laith
Rawaf, Salman
Renzaho, Andre M. N.
Rezaei, Satar
Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh
Roba, Hirbo Shore
Roshandel, Gholamreza
Safdarian, Mahdi
Safiri, Saeid
Sahraian, Mohammad Ali
Salamati, Payman
Samy, Abdallah M.
Sartorius, Benn
Sepanlou, Sadaf G.
Shaikh, Masood Ali
Shamsizadeh, Morteza
Sibamo, Ephrem Lejore Sibamo
Singh, Jasvinder A.
Sobaih, Badr H. A.
Soshnikov, Sergey
Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale
Sykes, Bryan L.
Taveira, Nuno
Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw
Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash
Tekelab, Tesfalidet
Shifa, Girma Temam
Temsah, Mohamad-Hani
Tesssema, Belay
Topor-Madry, Roman
Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna
Uthman, Olalekan A.
Vollset, Stein Emil
Wadilo, Fiseha
Wakayo, Tolassa
Alebachew, Minyahil
Workicho, Abdulhalik
Workie, Shimelash Bitew
Yaghoubi, Mohsen
Yalew, Ayalnesh Zemene
Yimam, Hassen Hamid
Yonemoto, Naohiro
Yoon, Seok-Jun
Yotebieng, Marcel
Younis, Mustafa Z.
Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed
Jumaan, Aisha O.
Vos, Theo
Hay, Simon I.
Naghavi, Mohsen
Murray, Christopher J. L.
HIV
HIV mortality
Eastern Mediterranean Region
Burden of disease
We used the results of the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study to estimate trends of HIV/AIDS burden in Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) countries between 1990 and 2015. Tailored estimation methods were used to produce final estimates of mortality. Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated by multiplying the mortality rate by population by age-specific life expectancy. Years lived with disability (YLDs) were computed as the prevalence of a sequela multiplied by its disability weight. In 2015, the rate of HIV/AIDS deaths in the EMR was 1.8 (1.4-2.5) per 100,000 population, a 43% increase from 1990 (0.3; 0.2-0.8). Consequently, the rate of YLLs due to HIV/AIDS increased from 15.3 (7.6-36.2) per 100,000 in 1990 to 81.9 (65.3-114.4) in 2015. The rate of YLDs increased from 1.3 (0.6-3.1) in 1990 to 4.4 (2.7-6.6) in 2015. HIV/AIDS morbidity and mortality increased in the EMR since 1990. To reverse this trend and achieve epidemic control, EMR countries should strengthen HIV surveillance, and scale up HIV antiretroviral therapy and comprehensive prevention services.
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
This research was funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
2019-09-06T13:59:19Z
2019-09-06T13:59:19Z
2018-05
Article - Refereed
Text
StillImage
1661-8556
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/93496
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-017-1023-0
63
28776249
1661-8564
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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application/pdf
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/934952022-02-26T00:17:29Zcom_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_24344
Burden of lower respiratory infections in the Eastern Mediterranean Region between 1990 and 2015: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study
International Journal of Public Health
Mokdad, Ali H.
Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar
El Bcheraoui, Charbel
Charara, Raghid
Khalil, Ibrahim
Afshin, Ashkan
Kassebaum, Nicholas J.
Collison, Michael
Daoud, Farah
Chew, Adrienne
Krohn, Kristopher J.
Colombara, Danny
Ehrenkranz, Rebecca
Foreman, Kyle J.
Frostad, Joseph
Godwin, William W.
Kutz, Michael
Rao, Puja C.
Reiner, Robert
Troeger, Christopher
Wang, Haidong
Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu
Abbas, Kaja M.
Abera, Semaw Ferede
Abu-Raddad, Laith J.
Adane, Kelemework
Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad
Ahmadi, Alireza
Beshir, Muktar
Al-Eyadhy, Ayman
Alam, Khurshid
Alam, Noore
Alasfoor, Deena
Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza
Al-Maskari, Fatma
Al-Raddadi, Rajaa
Alsharif, Ubai
Altirkawi, Khalid A.
Anber, Nahla
Ansari, Hossein
Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.
Anwari, Palwasha
Asayesh, Hamid
Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal
Atey, Tesfay Mehari
Arthur, Euripide Frinel G.
Bacha, Umar
Barac, Aleksandra
Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad
Drew, Charles R.
Geffen, David
Bedi, Neeraj
Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
Michael, Brauer
Butt, Zahid A.
Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A.
Danawi, Hadi
Djalalinia, Shirin
Endries, Aman Yesuf
Eshrati, Babak
Farvid, Maryam S.
Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad
Fischer, Florian
Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L.
Gebrehiwot, Kiros Tedla
Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde
Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa
Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi
Hambisa, Mitiku Teshome
Hamidi, Samer
Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh
Hedayati, Mohammad T.
Horita, Nobuyuki
Husseini, Abdullatif
Spencer, Lewis James
Javanbakht, Mehdi
Jonas, Jost B.
Kasaeian, Amir
Khader, Yousef Saleh
Khan, Ejaz Ahmad
Khan, Gulfaraz
Khoja, Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah
Khubchandani, Jagdish
Kim, Yun Jin
Kissoon, Niranjan
Larson, Heidi J.
Latif, Asma Abdul
Leshargie, Cheru Tesema
Lunevicius, Raimundas
Abd El Razek, Hassan Magdy
Abd El Razek, Mohammed Magdy
Majdzadeh, Reza
Majeed, Azeem
Malekzadeh, Reza
Farid, Habibolah Masoudi
Mehari, Alem
Memish, Ziad A.
Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese
Mensah, George A.
Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane
Nakamura, Sachiko
Oren, Eyal
Pourmalek, Farshad
Qorbani, Mostafa
Radfar, Amir
Rafay, Anwar
Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa
Rai, Rajesh Kumar
Rawaf, David Laith
Rawaf, Salman
Refaat, Amany H.
Rezaei, Satar
Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh
Roba, Hirbo Shore
Roshandel, Gholamreza
Safdarian, Mahdi
Safiri, Saeid
Sahraian, Mohammad Ali
Salamati, Payman
Samy, Abdallah M.
Sartorius, Benn
Sepanlou, Sadaf G.
Shaikh, Masood Ali
Shamsizadeh, Morteza
Shigematsu, Mika
Singh, Jasvinder A.
Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale
Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash
Temsah, Mohamad-Hani
Topor-Madry, Roman
Uthman, Olalekan A.
Vollset, Stein Emil
Wakayo, Tolassa
Werdecker, Andrea
Wijeratne, Tissa
Yaghoubi, Mohsen
Yimam, Hassen Hamid
Yonemoto, Naohiro
Younis, Mustafa Z.
Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed
Jumaan, Aisha O.
Vos, Theo
Naghavi, Mohsen
Hay, Simon I.
Murray, Christopher J. L.
Lower respiratory infection
Incidence
Mortality
DALY
Eastern Mediterranean Region
We used data from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study (GBD) to calculate the burden of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) in the 22 countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) from 1990 to 2015. We conducted a systematic analysis of mortality and morbidity data for LRI and its specific etiologic factors, including pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Respiratory syncytial virus, and influenza virus. We used modeling methods to estimate incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). We calculated burden attributable to known risk factors for LRI. In 2015, LRIs were the fourth-leading cause of DALYs, causing 11,098,243 (95% UI 9,857,095-12,396,566) DALYs and 191,114 (95% UI 170,934-210,705) deaths. The LRI DALY rates were higher than global estimates in 2015. The highest and lowest age-standardized rates of DALYs were observed in Somalia and Lebanon, respectively. Undernutrition in childhood and ambient particulate matter air pollution in the elderly were the main risk factors. Our findings call for public health strategies to reduce the level of risk factors in each age group, especially vulnerable child and elderly populations.
Horizon Pharmaceuticals; American College of Rheumatology's (ACR) Annual Meeting Planning Committee (AMPC); Veterans Affairs Rheumatology Field Advisory Committee; Chair of the ACR Meet-the-Professor, Workshop and Study Group Subcommittee
Dr. Carl Abelardo T. Antonio reports Grants and personal fees from Johnson and Johnson (Philippines), Inc. outside the submitted work. Dr. Jasvinder Singh serves as the principal investigator for an investigator-initiated study funded by Horizon Pharmaceuticals through a grant to DINORA, Inc., a 501 (c)(3) entity. Dr. Singh is a member of the executive of OMERACT, an organization that develops outcome measures in rheumatology and receives arms-length funding from 36 companies; a member of the American College of Rheumatology's (ACR) Annual Meeting Planning Committee (AMPC); Chair of the ACR Meet-the-Professor, Workshop and Study Group Subcommittee; and a member of the Veterans Affairs Rheumatology Field Advisory Committee. Other authors have no conflict of interest.
2019-09-06T13:59:19Z
2019-09-06T13:59:19Z
2018-05
Article - Refereed
Text
StillImage
1661-8556
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/93495
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-017-1007-0
63
28776246
1661-8564
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1105332022-06-10T07:12:19Zcom_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_24344
Climate change and physical activity: ambient temperature and urban trail use in Texas
International Journal of Biometeorology
Lanza, Kevin
Gohlke, Julia
Wang, Suwei
Sheffield, Perry E.
Wilhelmi, Olga
Pedestrian
Cyclist
Adaptation
Extreme heat
Apparent temperature
Humid subtropical climate
Individuals in the USA are insufficiently active, increasing their chronic disease risk. Extreme temperatures may reduce physical activity due to thermal discomfort. Cooler climate studies have suggested climate change may have a net positive effect on physical activity, yet research gaps remain for warmer climates and within-day physical activity patterns. We determined the association between ambient temperatures (contemporary and projected) and urban trail use in a humid subtropical climate. At a trail in Austin, TX, five electronic counters recorded hourly pedestrian and cyclist counts in 2019. Weather data were acquired from World Weather Online. Generalized additive models estimated the association between temperature and trail counts. We then combined the estimated exposure-response relation with weather projections from climate models for intermediate (RCP4.5) and high (RCP8.5) emissions scenarios by NASA NEX-GDDP. From summer to autumn to spring to winter, hourly trail counts shifted from bimodal (mid-morning and early-evening peaks) to one mid-day peak. Pedestrians were more likely to use the trail between 7 and 27 degrees C (45-81 degrees F) with peak use at 17 degrees C (63 degrees F) and cyclists between 15 and 33 degrees C (59-91 degrees F) with peak use at 27 degrees C (81 degrees F) than at temperature extremes. A net decrease in trail use was estimated by 2041-2060 (RCP4.5: pedestrians = -4.5%, cyclists = - 1.1%; RCP8.5: pedestrians = - 6.6%, cyclists = - 1.6%) and 2081-2100 (RCP4.5: pedestrians= -7.5%, cyclists= - 1.9%; RCP8.5: pedestrians= - 16%, cyclists= -4.5%). Results suggest climate change may reduce trail use. We recommend interventions for thermal comfort at settings for physical activity.
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation [78106]
Published version
This work was supported by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (grant number 78106).
2022-06-09T19:07:10Z
2022-06-09T19:07:10Z
2022-05
Article - Refereed
Text
0020-7128
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/110533
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-022-02302-5
35622168
1432-1254
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
Texas
United States
Springer
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1039122023-12-18T15:32:14Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24262com_10919_5559com_10919_79468com_10919_78628col_10919_18629col_10919_24344col_10919_79471
The time is now: why we must identify and address health disparities in sport and recreation injury
Injury Epidemiology
Baker, Charlotte
Chinaka, Oziomachukwu
Stewart, Elizabeth C.
Population Health Sciences
Background
Social and structural determinants of health (SDOH) are the conditions in which individuals are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age. These drivers of health are integral in contextualizing the understanding and prevention of sport and recreation injury (SRI), and recognizing their impact is necessary to provide a complete and accurate picture of health and health outcomes related to injury.
Main
Reducing disparities and achieving equity in sports and recreation is possible in part by improving data collection methodologies and utilization. Often, many SDOH have considerable effect on SRI. Although SRI epidemiology frequently examines differences by sex, there is limited inclusion of factors such as socioeconomic status, housing, gender, and food security, in sport specific data sources or in analysis of sport recreation and injury using other sources (e.g. administrative data). The ongoing dual epidemics in the United States – racism and COVID-19 – have emphasized the importance of having and utilizing SDOH data to reduce the burden of injury and disproportionate effects on our diverse population.
Conclusion
Moving forward, to address disparities in SRI, SDOH must be included as a part of research priorities, health related goals, and policies. This difference can be made in developing consistency in data collection and utilization. This will provide an accurate picture of the intersections and interdisciplinary changes required to design the best approach to problems to develop solutions. Future data collection and utilization should prioritize SDOH.
Published version
2021-06-21T11:43:27Z
2021-06-21T11:43:27Z
2021-06-14
2021-06-20T03:42:55Z
Article - Refereed
Text
StillImage
Injury Epidemiology. 2021 Jun 14;8(1):25
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103912
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40621-021-00320-2
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
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The Author(s)
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oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1159752023-08-04T07:12:07Zcom_10919_24259com_10919_5559com_10919_24262com_10919_24263col_10919_24342col_10919_24344col_10919_24345
Bead size has a greater effect on in vitro elution from antimicrobial-impregnated calcium sulfate beads than drug concentration
American Journal of Veterinary Research
Olsen, Ronald S.
Sawyere, Dominique M.
Davis, Jennifer L.
Lanz, Otto I.
Werre, Stephen R.
OBJECTIVE To compare the elution characteristics of amikacin-impregnated calcium sulfate (CaSO4) beads based on different drug concentrations and bead size configurations. SAMPLE Six groups of amikacin-impregnated CaSO4 beads and one negative control group. PROCEDURES Amikacin-impregnated CaSO4 beads were formed with either 500 mg (low-concentration) or 1 g (high-concentration) of amikacin per 15 g CaSO4 hemihydrate powder. The number of beads necessary to approximate 150 mg of amikacin for each of the 3 bead sizes (3 mm, 5 mm, and 7 mm) at both low and high concentrations were placed in 6 mL of phosphate-buffered saline. The saline was sampled at 14 time points over 28 days. Amikacin concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Smaller beads reached higher mean peak concentrations than larger beads (P < .0006). Peak concentrations for the low-and high-concentration groups were 20.5 mg/mL and 27.4 mg/mL, 13.1 mg/mL and 14.0 mg/mL, and 8.85 mg/mL and 6.75 mg/mL for the 3 mm, 5 mm, and 7 mm beads, respectively. Bead size also affected the length of therapeutic duration, lasting 6 days for the 3 mm and 5 mm beads and 9 days for the 7 mm beads. However, this was only statistically evident among the high-concentration beads (P < .044). Antimicrobial concentration within the same bead sizes did not affect elution. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Amikacin-impregnated CaSO4 beads achieved extreme supratherapeutic eluent concentrations. While additional studies are needed, bead size significantly affected elution with smaller beads reaching higher peak concentrations and 7 mm, high-concentration beads demonstrating a longer therapeutic duration than smaller beads.
Veterinary Memorial Fund, Virginia -Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine
Published version
The authors thank the Veterinary Memorial Fund, Virginia -Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine for financial support of this project and Kerrier, LLC for providing Absorbable Bead Kits for this project. The authors declare that there were no conflicts of interest.
2023-08-03T14:39:25Z
2023-08-03T14:39:25Z
2023-05
Article - Refereed
Text
0002-9645
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/115975
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.22.12.0216
84
5
36881500
1943-5681
en
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
application/pdf
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American Veterinary Medical Association
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1163282023-09-26T07:12:26Zcom_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_24344
The standards of reporting randomized trials in pets (PetSORT): Methods and development processes
Frontiers in Veterinary Science
Ruple, Audrey
Sargeant, Jan M.
Selmic, Laura E.
O'Connor, Annette M.
animal reporting guideline
animal health
randomized trials
small animal clinical trials
companion animals
BackgroundReporting of clinical trials conducted in client- and shelter-owned dog and cat populations is not optimal, which inhibits the ability to assess the reliability and validity of trial findings and precludes the ability to include some trials in evidence synthesis. ObjectiveTo develop a reporting guideline for parallel group and crossover trials that addresses the unique features and reporting requirements for trials conducted in client- and shelter-owned dog and cat populations. DesignConsensus statement. SettingVirtual. ParticipantsFifty-six experts from North America, the United Kingdom, Europe, and Australia working in academia, government (research and regulatory agencies), industry, and clinical veterinary practice. MethodsA steering committee created a draft checklist for reporting criteria based upon the CONSORT statement and the CONSORT extensions for reporting of abstracts and crossover trials. Each item was presented to the expert participants and was modified and presented again until >85% of participants were in agreement about the inclusion and wording of each item in the checklist. ResultsThe final PetSORT checklist consists of 25 main items with several sub-items. Most items were modifications of items contained in the CONSORT 2010 checklist or the CONSORT extension for crossover trials, but 1 sub-item pertaining to euthanasia was created de novo. ConclusionThe methods and processes used to develop this guideline represent a novel departure from those used to create other reporting guidelines, by using a virtual format. The use of the PetSORT statement should improve reporting of trials conducted in client- and shelter-owned dogs and cats and published in the veterinary research literature.
Published version
2023-09-25T14:47:15Z
2023-09-25T14:47:15Z
2023-03
Article - Refereed
Text
1137774
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/116328
https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1137774
10
37065218
2297-1769
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
Frontiers
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1122722023-01-17T20:18:52Zcom_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_24344
Exploring methods for mapping seasonal population changes using mobile phone data
Humanities & Social Sciences Communications
Woods, D.
Cunningham, A.
Utazi, C. E.
Bondarenko, M.
Shengjie, L.
Rogers, G. E.
Koper, P.
Ruktanonchai, Corrine W.
Zu Erbach-Schoenberg, E.
Tatem, A. J.
Steele, J.
Sorichetta, A.
Data accurately representing the population distribution at the subnational level within countries is critical to policy and decision makers for many applications. Call data records (CDRs) have shown great promise for this, providing much higher temporal and spatial resolutions compared to traditional data sources. For CDRs to be integrated with other data and in order to effectively inform and support policy and decision making, mobile phone user must be distributed from the cell tower level into administrative units. This can be done in different ways and it is often not considered which method produces the best representation of the underlying population distribution. Using anonymised CDRs in Namibia between 2011 and 2013, four distribution methods were assessed at multiple administrative unit levels. Estimates of user density per administrative unit were ranked for each method and compared against the corresponding census-derived population densities, using Kendall's tau-b rank tests. Seasonal and trend decomposition using Loess (STL) and multivariate clustering was subsequently used to identify patterns of seasonal user variation and investigate how different distribution methods can impact these. Results show that the accuracy of the results of each distribution method is influenced by the considered administrative unit level. While marginal differences between methods are displayed at "coarser" level 1, the use of mobile phone tower ranges provided the most accurate results for Namibia at finer levels 2 and 3. The use of STL is helpful to recognise the impact of the underlying distribution methods on further analysis, with the degree of consensus between methods decreasing as spatial scale increases. Multivariate clustering delivers valuable insights into which units share a similar seasonal user behaviour. The higher the number of prescribed clusters, the more the results obtained using different distribution methods differ. However, two major seasonal patterns were identified across all distribution methods, levels and most cluster numbers: (a) units with a 15% user decrease in August and (b) units with a 20-30% user increase in December. Both patterns are likely to be partially linked to school holidays and people going on vacation and/or visiting relatives and friends. This study highlights the need and importance of investigating CDRs in detail before conducting subsequent analysis like seasonal and trend decomposition. In particular, CDRs need to be investigated both in terms of their area and population coverage, as well as in relation to the appropriate distribution method to use based on the spatial scale of the specific application. The use of inappropriate methods can change observed seasonal patterns and impact the derived conclusions.
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [INV-024911, OPP1106427, OPP1032350, OPP1134076, OPP1094793]; EU H2020 [MOOD 874850]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [81773498]; Clinton Health Access Initiative; UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (UK-FCDO); Wellcome Trust [106866/Z/15/Z, 204613/Z/16/Z]; National Institutes of Health [R01AI160780]; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance
Published version
The authors would like to thank Mobile Telecommunications Limited for providing access to the mobile phone data. AS, DW, AC, MB, PK, GER, JS are all supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (Grant Number OPP1134076). SL is supported by funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1134076, INV-024911), the EU H2020 (MOOD 874850), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81773498). AJT is supported by funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1106427, OPP1032350, OPP1134076, OPP1094793), the Clinton Health Access Initiative, the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (UK-FCDO), the Wellcome Trust (106866/Z/15/Z, 204613/Z/16/Z), the National Institutes of Health (R01AI160780), and the EU H2020 (MOOD 874850). CEU is supported by funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance.
2022-10-25T14:02:58Z
2022-10-25T14:02:58Z
2022-07-28
Article - Refereed
Text
247
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/112272
https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-022-01256-8
9
1
2662-9992
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
Springer Nature
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1104702022-06-09T07:13:15Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_24344
AMS Community Synthesis on Geohealth
American Meteorological Society Community Synthesis on Geohealth
Seitter, Keith E.
Tipton, Emma
Higgins, Paul
White, Lauren
Miller, Andy
Calder, Ryan S. D.
The Earth system and human health are inextricably linked. In this period of widespread and rapid global change, understanding the challenges and opportunities at the intersection of health, geoscience, and the Earth system (broadly termed “geohealth”) has taken on a new level of importance. Scientific discovery and innovation can play a key role in helping humanity understand and respond to environmental, technological, and societal drivers of global changes so as to enable security, prosperity, and positive health outcomes for all.
This American Meteorological Society Policy Program study synthesizes input from the AMS community on the various connections, gaps, and opportunities that currently exist at the geohealth interface. It was carried out in an accelerated time frame in response to a request from the National Science Foundation for rapid community input. Through these community discussions this study identifies: 1) a set of critical throughlines for effective convergence in geohealth research, 2) overarching challenges that currently impede progress, and 3) potential solution areas where significant progress might be made quickly.
Published version
2022-06-08T12:06:23Z
2022-06-08T12:06:23Z
2022-04-20
2022-06-07T21:18:07Z
Report
Text
Seitter, K., E. Tipton, P.A.T. Higgins, L. White, and A. Miller, 2022: AMS Community Synthesis on Geohealth. An AMS Policy Program Study. The American Meteorological Society, Washington, D.C.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/110470
Calder, Ryan [0000-0001-5618-9840]
en
AMS Community Synthesis on Geohealth
In Copyright
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
American Meteorological Society
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/898992023-12-15T15:20:55Zcom_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_78630col_10919_24344
Environmental Predictors of US County Mortality Patterns on a National Basis
PLOS One
Chan, Melissa P. L.
Weinhold, Robert S.
Thomas, Reuben
Gohlke, Julia M.
Portier, Christopher J.
A growing body of evidence has found that mortality rates are positively correlated with social inequalities, air pollution, elevated ambient temperature, availability of medical care and other factors. This study develops a model to predict the mortality rates for different diseases by county across the US. The model is applied to predict changes in mortality caused by changing environmental factors. A total of 3,110 counties in the US, excluding Alaska and Hawaii, were studied. A subset of 519 counties from the 3,110 counties was chosen by using systematic random sampling and these samples were used to validate the model. Step-wise and linear regression analyses were used to estimate the ability of environmental pollutants, socio-economic factors and other factors to explain variations in county-specific mortality rates for cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), all causes combined and lifespan across five population density groups. The estimated models fit adequately for all mortality outcomes for all population density groups and, adequately predicted risks for the 519 validation counties. This study suggests that, at local county levels, average ozone (0.07 ppm) is the most important environmental predictor of mortality. The analysis also illustrates the complex inter-relationships of multiple factors that influence mortality and lifespan, and suggests the need for a better understanding of the pathways through which these factors, mortality, and lifespan are related at the community level.
2019-06-07T20:58:09Z
2019-06-07T20:58:09Z
2015-12-02
Article - Refereed
Text
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/89899
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137832
10
12
en
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 United States
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/
application/pdf
application/pdf
PLOS
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/819822023-12-15T15:20:55Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_25796com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_25797col_10919_24344
LAT Region Factors Mediating Differential Neuronal Tropism of HSV-1 and HSV-2 Do Not Act in Trans
PLOS ONE
Bertke, Andrea S.
Apakupakul, K.
Ma, AyeAye
Imai, Y.
Gussow, A. M.
Wang, K.
Cohen, J. I.
Bloom, D. C.
Margolis, Todd P.
HERPES-SIMPLEX-VIRUS
LATENCY-ASSOCIATED TRANSCRIPT
PRIMARY SENSORY NEURONS
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS
PRODUCTIVE INFECTION
VIRAL REPLICATION
GENE-EXPRESSION
TYPE-1
REACTIVATION
INTRON
After HSV infection, some trigeminal ganglion neurons support productive cycle gene expression, while in other neurons the virus establishes a latent infection. We previously demonstrated that HSV-1 and HSV-2 preferentially establish latent infection in A5+ and KH10+ sensory neurons, respectively, and that exchanging the latency-associated transcript (LAT) between HSV-1 and HSV-2 also exchanges the neuronal preference. Since many viral genes besides the LAT are functionally interchangeable between HSV-1 and HSV-2, we co-infected HSV-1 and HSV-2, both in vivo and in vitro, to determine if trans-acting viral factors regulate whether HSV infection follows a productive or latent pattern of gene expression in sensory neurons. The pattern of HSV-1 and HSV-2 latent infection in trigeminal neurons was no different following co-infection than with either virus alone, consistent with the hypothesis that a trans-acting viral factor is not responsible for the different patterns of latent infection of HSV-1 and HSV-2 in A5+ and KH10+ neurons. Since exchanging the LAT regions between the viruses also exchanges neuronal preferences, we infected transgenic mice that constitutively express 2.8 kb of the LAT region with the heterologous viral serotype. Endogenous expression of LAT did not alter the pattern of latent infection after inoculation with the heterologous serotype virus, demonstrating that the LAT region does not act in trans to direct preferential establishment of latency of HSV-1 and HSV-2. Using HSV1-RFP and HSV2-GFP in adult trigeminal ganglion neurons in vitro, we determined that HSV-1 and HSV-2 do not exert trans-acting effects during acute infection to regulate neuron specificity. Although some neurons were productively infected with both HSV-1 and HSV-2, no A5+ or KH10+ neurons were productively infected with both viruses. Thus, trans-acting viral factors do not regulate preferential permissiveness of A5+ and KH10+ neurons for productive HSV infection and preferential establishment of latent infection.
Published version
2018-02-01T13:41:29Z
2018-02-01T13:41:29Z
2012-12-31
Article - Refereed
Text
1932-6203
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81982
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053281
7
12
Bertke, Andrea S. [0000-0002-8941-8010]
en
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000313872600080&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
7 pages
application/pdf
application/pdf
PLOS
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/895802023-12-15T15:20:55Zcom_10919_24262com_10919_5559com_10919_79468com_10919_78628col_10919_24344col_10919_79471
Lost in translation: Delivering culturally and linguistically appropriate interventions to Hispanic populations
Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development
Valenzuela, Ivette
Hispanics
social determinants of health
culture
linguistics
food systems
education
food habits
Obesity
diabetes
health outcomes
Hispanics became the United States' largest minority in 2012. Lack of culturally and linguistically appropriate interventions in the Hispanic population at the health-care and community levels increases the risk of negative health outcomes, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Delivering nutrition education can modify cultural traditions associated with food and decrease diseases associated with food habits. Barriers faced by many Hispanics include, but are not limited to, limited English proficiency and/or immigration status. Developing interventions to improve Hispanics' health outcomes requires understanding of Hispanics' cultural values and diversity. Active recruitment and training of Hispanics into food system fields is crucial to developing and implementing culturally sensitive and language-oriented intervention.
2019-05-20T14:49:16Z
2019-05-20T14:49:16Z
2015
Article - Refereed
Text
2152-0798
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/89580
https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2015.054.010
5
4
2152-0801
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1178722024-02-06T14:40:35Zcom_10919_24217com_10919_5539com_10919_24210com_10919_5553com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_24292col_10919_24285col_10919_24344
Why Similar Policies Resulted In Different COVID-19 Outcomes: How Responsiveness And Culture Influenced Mortality Rates
Health Affairs
Lim, Tse Yang
Xu, Ran
Ruktanonchai, Nick
Saucedo, Omar
Childs, Lauren M.
Jalali, Mohammad S.
Rahmandad, Hazhir
Ghaffarzadegan, Navid
In the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, per capita mortality varied by more than a hundredfold across countries, despite most implementing similar nonpharmaceutical interventions. Factors such as policy stringency, gross domestic product, and age distribution explain only a small fraction of mortality variation. To address this puzzle, we built on a previously validated pandemic model in which perceived risk altered societal responses affecting SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Using data from more than 100 countries, we found that a key factor explaining heterogeneous death rates was not the policy responses themselves but rather variation in responsiveness. Responsiveness measures how sensitive communities are to evolving mortality risks and how readily they adopt nonpharmaceutical interventions in response, to curb transmission.We further found that responsiveness correlated with two cultural constructs across countries: uncertainty avoidance and power distance. Our findings show that more responsive adoption of similar policies saves many lives, with important implications for the design and implementation of responses to future outbreaks.
This research is funded by the US National Science Foundation, Division of Mathematical Sciences and Division of Social and Economic Sciences (Award No. 2229819).
2024-02-06T17:55:58Z
2024-02-06T17:55:58Z
2023-12
Article - Refereed
Text
https://hdl.handle.net/10919/117872
https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2023.00713
42
12
en
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
Health Affairs
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/805632021-11-16T21:54:12Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_78882col_10919_24344
Effect Modification by Environmental Quality on the Association between Heatwaves and Mortality in Alabama, United States
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Jian, Yun
Wu, Connor Y. H.
Gohlke, Julia M.
heatwaves
non-accidental deaths
cumulative environmental quality
metropolitan counties
Alabama
<i>Background</i>: Previous studies have shown that heatwaves are associated with increased mortality. However, it remains unclear whether the associations between heatwaves and mortality are modified by the environmental quality. <i>Methods</i>: We used the United States (US) Environmental Protection Agency’s Environmental Quality Index (EQI) and its five domain indices (air, water, land, built, and sociodemographic) to represent the cumulative environmental quality. We applied a time-stratified case-crossover design to analyze the disparities in the association between heatwaves and non-accidental deaths (NAD) among counties with different environmental qualities, in metropolitan areas in Alabama (AL), United States. <i>Results</i>: We found significant associations between heatwaves and NAD and a significant effect modification of this relationship by EQI. There were higher odds ratios in counties with the worst cumulative environmental qualities compared to counties with the best cumulative environmental qualities. For example, the percent change in odds ratio (mean and (95% CI)) between heatwave days and non-heatwave days was −10.3% (−26.6, 9.6) in counties with an overall EQI of 1 (the best overall environment) and 13.2% (4.9, 22.2) in counties with an overall EQI of 3 (the worst overall environment). Among the five domains, air quality had the strongest effect modification on the association. <i>Conclusion</i>: Our findings provide evidence that the associations between heatwaves and NAD vary among areas with different environmental qualities. These findings suggest that integration of air quality and heatwave warning systems may provide greater protection to public health.
Published version
2017-11-29T20:12:55Z
2017-11-29T20:12:55Z
2017-09-28
2017-11-24T11:58:27Z
Article - Refereed
Text
Jian, Y.; Wu, C.Y.H.; Gohlke, J.M. Effect Modification by Environmental Quality on the Association between Heatwaves and Mortality in Alabama, United States. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 1143.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80563
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14101143
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
Alabama
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/967892023-11-29T19:09:29Zcom_10919_5540com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_71752col_10919_24344col_10919_23146
Incidence of Health and Behavior Problems in Service Dog Candidates Neutered at Various Ages
Frontiers in Veterinary Science
Zlotnick, Marta G.
Corrigan, Virginia Kiefer
Griffin, Erin
Alayon, Megan
Hungerford, Laura L.
gonadectomy
spay
neuter
service dogs
dogs
orthopedics
behavior
Saint Francis Service Dogs (SFSD) trains dogs to aid people with multiple sclerosis, brain injury, and many other conditions. Organizations like SFSD must carefully consider when to neuter dogs to give them the best chance at successfully completing lengthy and expensive training. The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to assess differences in the incidence of health or behavior problems leading to dismissal between dogs neutered at different ages. Data on 245 dogs-including birth date, sex, neuter date, dismissal or successful completion of training, and (where applicable) reason for dismissal-were collected from SFSD records. Age-at-neuter was grouped (<7 months; 7-11 months; >11 months) and compared for dogs who successfully completed training and dogs who were dismissed. Dogs neutered from 7 to 11 months of age were dismissed at a significantly lower overall rate than dogs neutered at an older or younger age. There were no differences between males and females. Labrador and golden retrievers were less likely to be dismissed than other breeds. This pattern was the same for dismissals for behavioral reasons. Dogs neutered at <7 months had more than twice the risk for health-related dismissals as dogs neutered at any older age and this pattern held for orthopedic dismissals. Labradors were at higher risk for orthopedic-related dismissal than golden retrievers and all other breeds. This study suggests that there is a relationship between dogs' age at neuter and the incidence of health and behavioral problems that can lead to dismissal from service dog training.
Center for Animal Human Relationships (CENTAUR) at the Virginia Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine; Virginia Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine
Published version
Funding for travel was provided by the Center for Animal Human Relationships (CENTAUR) at the Virginia Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine. Funding for publication was provided by the Virginia Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine.
2020-02-10T20:07:05Z
2020-02-10T20:07:05Z
2019-10-08
Article - Refereed
Text
StillImage
2297-1769
334
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/96789
https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2019.00334
6
Hungerford, Laura [0000-0002-5680-6746]
31649939
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1105162023-11-29T19:09:37Zcom_10919_5540com_10919_24227com_10919_5532com_10919_23966com_10919_5557com_10919_24262com_10919_5559com_10919_79468com_10919_78628col_10919_71752col_10919_24302col_10919_24330col_10919_24344col_10919_79471
Identifying exposure pathways mediating adverse birth outcomes near active surface mines in Central Appalachia
Environmental Epidemiology
Ruktanonchai, Corrine W.
McKnight, Molly X.
Buttling, Lauren
Kolivras, Korine N.
Krometis, Leigh-Anne H.
Gohlke, Julia
Mediation
Surface mining
Maternal health
Environmental health
Preterm birth
Low birthweight
Coal mining
Background: Previous work has determined an association between proximity to active surface mining within Central Appalachia and an increased risk of preterm birth (PTB) and low birthweight (LBW). Multiple potential exposure pathways may exist; however, including inhalation of particulate matter (airshed exposure), or exposure to impacted surface waters (watershed exposure). We hypothesize that this relationship is mediated by exposure to contaminants along one or both of these pathways. Methods: We geolocated 194,084 birth records through health departments in WV, KY, VA, and TN between 1990 and 2015. We performed a mediation analysis, iteratively including within our models: (a) the percent of active surface mining within 5 km of maternal residence during gestation; (b) the cumulative surface mining airshed trajectories experienced during gestation; and (c) the percent of active surface mining occurring within the watershed of residency during gestation. Results: Our baseline models found that active surface mining was associated with an increased odds of PTB (1.09, 1.05-1.13) and LBW (1.06, 1.02-1.11), controlling for individual-level predictors. When mediators were added to the baseline model, the association between active mining and birth outcomes became nonsignificant (PTB: 0.48, 0.14-1.58; LBW 0.78, 0.19-3.00), whereas the association between PTB and LBW remained significant by airshed exposure (PTB: 1.14, 1.11-1.18; LBW: 1.06, 1.03-1.10). Conclusions: Our results found that surface mining airsheds at least partially explained the association between active mining and adverse birth outcomes, consistent with a hypothesis of mediation, while mediation via the watershed pathway was less evident.
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [R21ES028396]
Published version
Supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R21ES028396). Data use agreements with state health agencies prohibit authors from sharing birth record data used in the analysis. Satellite-derived datasets are publicly available, or available on request. Code required to replicate results are available upon request.
2022-06-09T13:05:41Z
2022-06-09T13:05:41Z
2022-06
Article - Refereed
Text
e208
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/110516
https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000208
6
3
2474-7882
en
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
United States
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1078882022-06-13T16:32:56Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24233com_10919_5532com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_24308col_10919_24344
Implementation and outcomes of the Balanced Living with Diabetes program conducted by Cooperative Extension in Rural Communities in Virginia
Rural and Remote Health
Rafie, Carlin
Hosig, Kathy L.
Wenzel, Sophie
Borowski, Shelby
Jiles, Kristina A.
Schlenker, Eleanor
1110 Nursing
1117 Public Health and Health Services
1303 Specialist Studies in Education
Introduction: Adult onset diabetes is a significant health issue in rural communities that are disproportionately suffering from the health, social and financial costs of the disease. Despite this, over half of rural counties in the USA lack access to diabetes selfmanagement programs, which are effective at improving diabetes management. The Cooperative Extension System (CES) is a nationwide education network that provides research-based information and programs in nearly 3000 counties in the USA to improve the health and wellbeing of rural and urban communities. This study evaluated the implementation and outcomes of a lifestyle management program, Balanced Living with Diabetes (BLD) conducted by community-based educators who are part of the CES in rural Virginia, to address the gap in diabetes education in these communities. BLD is grounded in social cognitive theory and has shown efficacy to modify dietary and physical activity behaviors resulting in improved glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: The study evaluated the implementation and effectiveness of BLD programs conducted by the CES in 16 rural counties over 2 years. Program adoption, reach, context, and barriers and facilitators to implementation were evaluated through program outcome data and extension educator interviews. Program outcomes included change in weight, glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C), diabetes knowledge, self-management practices, diet and physical activity behaviors, and self-efficacy from baseline to 12-week assessment.
Results: Extension educators conducted 30 programs, reaching 290 residents, with a 58% mean retention rate. The program resulted in a significant increase in diabetes and food knowledge, fruit, vegetable, and whole grain intake, use of the plate method, exercise, and diabetes management self-efficacy. A1C decreased significantly in participants with diabetes (mean reduction=0.345±1.013; p=0.001). The program was conducted twice in 11 counties, and once in five counties. Barriers to program adoption in the five counties included limited community interest, competing program priorities of the extension educator, and loss of extension personnel to conduct the program. Participant communication materials and systems to enhance program sustainability were developed in response to educator feedback. Process evaluation indicated that the program was highly acceptable to extension educators and program participants.
Conclusion: The CES is an effective network for implementation of diabetes lifestyle-management programs in underserved communities, and the BLD program is effective at increasing lifestyle behaviors and self-efficacy that improve glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes. Collaboration by Virginia’s CES with a variety of community partners, including healthcare and social service providers, increases the reach and sustainability of extension diabetes programs. The CES in the USA is well positioned to fill the gap in diabetes education in rural communities as part of a chronic care model.
Published version
2022-01-24T18:33:03Z
2022-01-24T18:33:03Z
2021-08
2022-01-24T18:32:59Z
Article - Refereed
Article
Text
Rafie C, Hosig K, Wenzel SG, Borowski S, Jiles KA, Schlenker E. Implementation and outcomes of the Balanced Living with Diabetes program conducted by Cooperative Extension in rural communities in Virginia. Rural and Remote Health 2021; 21: 6620. https://doi.org /10.22605/RRH6620
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/107888
https://doi.org/10.22605/RRH6620
Rafie, Carlin [0000-0002-1402-5650]
Hosig, Kathryn [0000-0001-9418-8830]
Wenzel, Sophie [0000-0002-6961-3820]
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
Virginia
United States
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1113642022-07-27T07:31:16Zcom_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24227com_10919_5532com_10919_23747com_10919_5539com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_78630col_10919_78882col_10919_24302col_10919_23748col_10919_24344
Bottled and Well Water Quality in a Small Central Appalachian Community: Household-Level Analysis of Enteric Pathogens, Inorganic Chemicals, and Health Outcomes in Rural Southwest Virginia
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Cohen, Alasdair
Rasheduzzaman, Md
Darling, Amanda
Krometis, Leigh-Anne H.
Edwards, Marc A.
Brown, Teresa
Ahmed, Tahmina
Wettstone, Erin
Pholwat, Suporn
Taniuchi, Mami
Rogawski McQuade, Elizabeth T.
Consumption of unsafe drinking water is associated with a substantial burden of disease globally. In the US, ~1.8 million people in rural areas lack reliable access to safe drinking water. Our objective was to characterize and assess household-level water sources, water quality, and associated health outcomes in Central Appalachia. We collected survey data and water samples (tap, source, and bottled water) from consenting households in a small rural community without utility-supplied water in southwest Virginia. Water samples were analyzed for physicochemical parameters, total coliforms, <i>E. coli</i>, nitrate, sulfate, metals (e.g., arsenic, cadmium, lead), and 30+ enteric pathogens. Among the 69% (<i>n</i> = 9) of households that participated, all had piped well water, though 67% (<i>n</i> = 6) used bottled water as their primary drinking water source. Total coliforms were detected in water samples from 44.4% (<i>n</i> = 4) of homes, <i>E. coli</i> in one home, and enteric pathogens (<i>Aeromonas</i>, <i>Campylobacter</i>, <i>Enterobacter</i>) in 33% (<i>n</i> = 3) of homes. Tap water samples from 11% (<i>n</i> = 1) of homes exceeded the EPA MCL for nitrate, and 33% (<i>n</i> = 3) exceeded the EPA SMCL for iron. Among the 19 individuals residing in study households, reported diarrhea was 25% more likely in homes with measured <i>E. coli</i> and/or specific pathogens (risk ratio = 1.25, cluster-robust standard error = 1.64, <i>p</i> = 0.865). Although our sample size was small, our findings suggest that a considerable number of lower-income residents without utility-supplied water in rural areas of southwest Virginia may be exposed to microbiological and/or chemical contaminants in their water, and many, if not most, rely on bottled water as their primary source of drinking water.
Published version
2022-07-26T13:23:12Z
2022-07-26T13:23:12Z
2022-07-15
2022-07-25T16:32:19Z
Article - Refereed
Text
Cohen, A.; Rasheduzzaman, M.; Darling, A.; Krometis, L.-A.; Edwards, M.; Brown, T.; Ahmed, T.; Wettstone, E.; Pholwat, S.; Taniuchi, M.; Rogawski McQuade, E.T. Bottled and Well Water Quality in a Small Central Appalachian Community: Household-Level Analysis of Enteric Pathogens, Inorganic Chemicals, and Health Outcomes in Rural Southwest Virginia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 8610.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/111364
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148610
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
Virginia
United States
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1132042023-01-18T08:13:19Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_24344
A review of geospatial methods for population estimation and their use in constructing reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health service indicators
BMC Health Services Research
Nilsen, Kristine
Tejedor-Garavito, Natalia
Leasure, Douglas R.
Utazi, C. Edson
Ruktanonchai, Corrine W.
Wigley, Adelle S.
Dooley, Claire A.
Matthews, Zoe
Tatem, Andrew J.
Denominators
Geospatial modelling
Gridded data sets
RMNCAH
Subnational estimation
Universal coverage
Prevention
Vaccine Related
Immunization
Pediatric
Reproductive health and childbirth
3 Good Health and Well Being
Humans
Measles Vaccine
Vaccination
Family
Adolescent
Child
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Income
Adolescent Health Services
Background: Household survey data are frequently used to measure reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health (RMNCAH) service utilisation in low and middle income countries. However, these surveys are typically only undertaken every 5 years and tend to be representative of larger geographical administrative units. Investments in district health management information systems (DHMIS) have increased the capability of countries to collect continuous information on the provision of RMNCAH services at health facilities. However, reliable and recent data on population distributions and demographics at subnational levels necessary to construct RMNCAH coverage indicators are often missing. One solution is to use spatially disaggregated gridded datasets containing modelled estimates of population counts. Here, we provide an overview of various approaches to the production of gridded demographic datasets and outline their potential and their limitations. Further, we show how gridded population estimates can be used as alternative denominators to produce RMNCAH coverage metrics in combination with data from DHMIS, using childhood vaccination as examples. Methods: We constructed indicators on the percentage of children one year old for diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus vaccine dose 3 (DTP3) and measles vaccine dose (MCV1) in Zambia and Nigeria at district levels. For the numerators, information on vaccines doses was obtained from each country’s respective DHMIS. For the denominators, the number of children was obtained from 3 different sources including national population projections and aggregated gridded estimates derived using top-down and bottom-up geospatial methods. Results: In Zambia, vaccination estimates utilising the bottom-up approach to population estimation substantially reduced the number of districts with > 100% coverage of DTP3 and MCV1 compared to estimates using population projection and the top-down method. In Nigeria, results were mixed with bottom-up estimates having a higher number of districts > 100% and estimates using population projections performing better particularly in the South. Conclusions: Gridded demographic data utilising traditional and novel data sources obtained from remote sensing offer new potential in the absence of up to date census information in the estimation of RMNCAH indicators. However, the usefulness of gridded demographic data is dependent on several factors including the availability and detail of input data.
Published version
2023-01-17T20:10:47Z
2023-01-17T20:10:47Z
2021-09-01
2023-01-16T15:50:18Z
Article - Refereed
Journal Article
Text
370 (Article number)
1472-6963
10.1186/s12913-021-06370-y (PII)
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/113204
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06370-y
21
Suppl 1
Ruktanonchai, Corrine [0000-0002-7889-3473]
34511089
1472-6963
en
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34511089
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
Springer
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1141912023-03-28T07:33:44Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_24344
Serum thymidine kinase 1 activity as a prognostic biomarker in dogs with chemotherapy-treated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Veterinary and Comparative Oncology
Zaidi, Bushra
Mukhopadhyay, Abhijit
Ramos-Vara, Jose A.
Dhawan, Deepika
Ruple, Audrey
Childress, Michael O.
cell proliferation
neoplasms
prognosis
survival
veterinary
Rare Diseases
Cancer
Lymphoma
Hematology
Clinical Research
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is frequently treated with chemotherapy incorporating cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (CHOP), which induces remission in 80% to 95% of cases. However, not all dogs derive meaningful benefit from CHOP, and prognostic factors for dogs with DLBCL are poorly defined. Serum thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) activity, a marker of tumour cell proliferation, has shown promising initial results as a prognostic biomarker in dogs with multicentric lymphomas. The purpose of this study was to determine if baseline serum TK1 activity is associated with clinical outcome in dogs with CHOP-treated DLBCL. Baseline serum TK1 activity was measured in banked sera from 98 dogs with CHOP-treated DLBCL using a commercially available ELISA kit. Data on other potential prognostic factors were abstracted retrospectively from electronic medical records. Multivariable statistical methods were used to identify associations between TK1 and other potential prognostic factors with progression-free survival (PFS) and attainment of complete remission. TK1 activity at baseline was not associated with PFS (p =.299) or attainment of complete remission (p =.910) following CHOP chemotherapy. Of the other prognostic factors analysed, only purebred (vs. mixed breed) status (HR 8.81, 95% CI 1.68–46.30, p =.010), attainment of complete (vs. partial) remission (HR 0.09, 95% CI 0.02–0.49, p =.006), and baseline serum C-reactive protein concentration (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.07–1.32, p =.001) were independently associated with PFS. Based on these findings, baseline serum TK1 activity does not appear to be a useful prognostic biomarker in dogs with CHOP-treated DLBCL.
Published version
2023-03-27T19:47:24Z
2023-03-27T19:47:24Z
2023-01-18
2023-03-27T19:25:57Z
Article - Refereed
Journal Article
Text
1476-5810
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/114191
https://doi.org/10.1111/vco.12876
Ruple, Audrey [0000-0002-5223-0217]
36651594
1476-5829
en
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36651594
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
Wiley
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1154852023-06-23T07:11:34Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_24344
Future Impacts of Hydroelectric Power Development on Methylmercury Exposures of Canadian Indigenous Communities
Environmental Science & Technology
Calder, Ryan S. D.
Schartup, Amina T.
Li, Miling
Valberg, Amelia P.
Balcom, Prentiss H.
Sunderland, Elsie M.
BOREAL FOREST SOILS
MERCURY EXPOSURE
METHYL MERCURY
RESERVOIR CREATION
FISH CONSUMPTION
ORGANIC-MATTER
UNITED-STATES
HUMAN HEALTH
JAMES BAY
QUEBEC
7 Affordable and Clean Energy
Animals
Humans
Mercury
Methylmercury Compounds
Water Pollutants, Chemical
Rivers
Environmental Monitoring
Canada
Developing Canadian hydroelectric resources is a key component of North American plans for meeting future energy demands. Microbial production of the bioaccumulative neurotoxin methylmercury (MeHg) is stimulated in newly flooded soils by degradation of labile organic carbon and associated changes in geochemical conditions. We find all 22 Canadian hydroelectric facilities being considered for near-term development are located within 100 km of indigenous communities. For a facility in Labrador, Canada (Muskrat Falls) with planned completion in 2017, we probabilistically modeled peak MeHg enrichment relative to measured baseline conditions in the river to be impounded, downstream estuary, locally harvested fish, birds and seals, and three Inuit communities. Results show a projected 10-fold increase in riverine MeHg levels and a 2.6-fold increase in estuarine surface waters. MeHg concentrations in locally caught species increase 1.3 to 10-fold depending on time spent foraging in different environments. Mean Inuit MeHg exposure is forecasted to double following flooding and over half of the women of childbearing age and young children in the most northern community are projected to exceed the U.S. EPA's reference dose. Equal or greater aqueous MeHg concentrations relative to Muskrat Falls are forecasted for 11 sites across Canada, suggesting the need for mitigation measures prior to flooding.
Published version
2023-06-22T17:15:11Z
2023-06-22T17:15:11Z
2016-12-06
2023-06-22T14:37:04Z
Article - Refereed
Article
Journal
Text
0013-936X
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/115485
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b04447
50
23
Calder, Ryan [0000-0001-5618-9840]
27934282
1520-5851
en
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000389557100066&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1
In Copyright
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
Pages 13115-13122
8 page(s)
application/pdf
application/pdf
Canada
American Chemical Society
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1032902023-11-29T16:53:04Zcom_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_10194com_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24231com_10919_5532com_10919_24262com_10919_5559com_10919_24235col_10919_78630col_10919_91467col_10919_78882col_10919_24306col_10919_24344col_10919_24309col_10919_23146
Survival of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) on Foods Stored at Refrigerated Temperature
Foods
Dhakal, Janak
Jia, Mo
Joyce, Jonathan D.
Moore, Greyson A.
Ovissipour, Mahmoudreza
Bertke, Andrea S.
Food Science and Technology
Population Health Sciences
Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine
Food Science and Technology
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
HSV-1
foodborne transmission
foodborne illness
food contamination
plaque assay
qPCR
RT-qPCR
Outbreaks of coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) in meat processing plants and media reports of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detection on foods have raised concerns of a public health risk from contaminated foods. We used herpes simplex virus 1, a non-Biosafety Level 3 (non-BSL3) enveloped virus, as a surrogate to develop and validate methods before assessing the survival of infectious SARS-CoV-2 on foods. Several food types, including chicken, seafood, and produce, were held at 4 °C and assessed for infectious virus survival (herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and SARS-CoV-2) at 0 h, 1 h, and 24 h post-inoculation (hpi) by plaque assay. At all three time points, recovery of SARS-CoV-2 was similar from chicken, salmon, shrimp, and spinach, ranging from 3.4 to 4.3 log PFU/mL. However, initial (0 h) virus recovery from apples and mushrooms was significantly lower than that from poultry and seafood, and infectious virus decreased over time, with recovery from mushrooms becoming undetectable by 24 hpi. Comparing infectious virus titers with viral genome copies confirmed that PCR-based tests only indicate presence of viral nucleic acid, which does not necessarily correlate with the quantity of infectious virus. The survival and high recovery of SARS-CoV-2 on certain foods highlight the importance of safe food handling practices in mitigating any public health concerns related to potentially contaminated foods.
Published version
2021-05-14T13:14:47Z
2021-05-14T13:14:47Z
2021-05-04
2021-05-13T14:34:49Z
Article - Refereed
Text
StillImage
Dhakal, J.; Jia, M.; Joyce, J.D.; Moore, G.A.; Ovissipour, R.; Bertke, A.S. Survival of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) on Foods Stored at Refrigerated Temperature. Foods 2021, 10, 1005.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103290
https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10051005
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1075462022-01-12T08:11:41Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_78630col_10919_24344
Impacts of worldwide individual non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 transmission across waves and space
International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Ge, Yong
Zhang, Wen-Bin
Liu, Haiyan
Ruktanonchai, Corrine W.
Hu, Maogui
Wu, Xilin
Song, Yongze
Ruktanonchai, Nick W.
Yan, Wei
Cleary, Eimear
Feng, Luzhao
Li, Zhongjie
Yang, Weizhong
Liu, Mengxiao
Tatem, Andrew J.
Wang, Jin-Feng
Lai, Shengjie
Technology
Remote Sensing
COVID-19
Big data
Non-pharmaceutical interventions
Multi-scale
Effectiveness
Geological & Geomatics Engineering
0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience
0909 Geomatic Engineering
Governments worldwide have rapidly deployed non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to mitigate the COVID- 19 pandemic. However, the effect of these individual NPI measures across space and time has yet to be sufficiently assessed, especially with the increase of policy fatigue and the urge for NPI relaxation in the vaccination era. Using the decay ratio in the suppression of COVID-19 infections and multi-source big data, we investigated the changing performance of different NPIs across waves from global and regional levels (in 133 countries) to national and subnational (in the United States of America [USA]) scales before the implementation of mass vaccination. The synergistic effectiveness of all NPIs for reducing COVID-19 infections declined along waves, from 95.4% in the first wave to 56.0% in the third wave recently at the global level and similarly from 83.3% to 58.7% at the USA national level, while it had fluctuating performance across waves on regional and subnational scales. Regardless of geographical scale, gathering restrictions and facial coverings played significant roles in epidemic mitigation before the vaccine rollout. Our findings have important implications for continued tailoring and implementation of NPI strategies, together with vaccination, to mitigate future COVID-19 waves, caused by new variants, and other emerging respiratory infectious diseases.
Published version
2022-01-11T19:10:16Z
2022-01-11T19:10:16Z
2022-02-01
2022-01-11T19:10:12Z
Article - Refereed
Article
Journal
Text
ARTN 102649 (Article number)
1569-8432
PMC8666325
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/107546
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2021.102649
106
1872-826X
en
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000736855100005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
9 page(s)
application/pdf
application/pdf
Elsevier
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1155342023-06-28T07:12:06Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_78882col_10919_24344
Approaches Used to Construct Antibiograms for Dogs in a Veterinary Teaching Hospital in the United States
Antibiotics
Ekakoro, John E.
Guptill, Lynn
Hendrix, Kenitra
Anderson, Melinda
Ruple, Audrey
Non-judicious antimicrobial use (AMU) is a major driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In human hospitals, cumulative antibiograms are often used by clinicians to evaluate local susceptibility rates and to select the most appropriate empiric therapy with the aim of minimizing inappropriate AMU. However, the use of cumulative antibiograms to guide empiric antimicrobial therapy in veterinary hospitals in the United States is limited, and there are no specific guidelines or standardized methods available for the construction of antibiograms in veterinary clinical settings. The objective of this methods article is to describe the approaches that were used to construct antibiograms from clinical samples collected from dogs seen at a veterinary teaching hospital. Laboratory data for 563 dogs for the period from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2015 was utilized. We used the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines for use in the construction of the antibiograms in human healthcare settings as the basis for the veterinary antibiograms. One general antibiogram and antibiograms stratified by hospital section, the anatomic region of sample collection/by sample type, were created and the challenges encountered in preparing these antibiograms were highlighted. The approaches described could be useful in guiding veterinary antibiogram development for empiric therapy.
Published version
2023-06-27T17:26:53Z
2023-06-27T17:26:53Z
2023-06-09
2023-06-27T13:22:07Z
Article - Refereed
Text
Ekakoro, J.E.; Guptill, L.; Hendrix, K.; Anderson, M.; Ruple, A. Approaches Used to Construct Antibiograms for Dogs in a Veterinary Teaching Hospital in the United States. Antibiotics 2023, 12, 1034.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/115534
https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12061034
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/752012023-12-20T11:00:01Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24259com_10919_5559com_10919_24262col_10919_70873col_10919_24342col_10919_24344col_10919_23146
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Reactivates from Autonomic Ciliary Ganglia Independently from Sensory Trigeminal Ganglia To Cause Recurrent Ocular Disease
Journal of Virology
Lee, Sungseok
Ives, Angela M.
Bertke, Andrea S.
virology
experimental genital-infection
type-1
latency
model
protein
localization
propagation
expression
neurons
targets
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 establish latency in sensory and autonomic neurons after ocular or genital infection, but their recurrence patterns differ. HSV-1 reactivates from latency to cause recurrent orofacial disease, and while HSV-1 also causes genital lesions, HSV-2 recurs more efficiently in the genital region and rarely causes ocular disease. The mechanisms regulating these anatomical preferences are unclear. To determine whether differences in latent infection and reactivation in autonomic ganglia contribute to differences in HSV-1 and HSV-2 anatomical preferences for recurrent disease, we compared HSV-1
and HSV-2 clinical disease, acute and latent viral loads, and viral gene expression in sensory trigeminal and autonomic superior cervical and ciliary ganglia in a guinea pig ocular infection model. HSV-2 produced more severe acute disease, correlating with higher viral DNA loads in sensory and autonomic ganglia, as well as higher levels of thymidine kinase expression, a marker of productive infection, in autonomic ganglia. HSV-1 reactivated in ciliary ganglia, independently from trigeminal ganglia, to cause more frequent recurrent symptoms, while HSV-2 replicated simultaneously in autonomic and sensory ganglia to cause more persistent disease. While both HSV-1 and HSV-2 expressed the latency-associated transcript (LAT) in the trigeminal and superior cervical ganglia, only HSV-1 expressed LAT in ciliary ganglia, suggesting that HSV-2 is not reactivation competent or does not fully establish latency in ciliary ganglia. Thus, differences in replication and viral gene expression in autonomic ganglia may contribute to differences in HSV-1 and HSV-2 acute and recurrent clinical disease.
Published version
2017-02-28T23:32:50Z
2017-02-28T23:32:50Z
2015-08-01
Article - Refereed
Text
0022-538X
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/75201
https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00468-15
89
16
Bertke, AS [0000-0002-8941-8010]
en
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000358278200024&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1
In Copyright
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
8383 - 8391 (9) page(s)
application/pdf
application/pdf
American Society for Microbiology
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1162492023-09-09T07:11:35Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_78882col_10919_24344
Exploring the Relationship between Temporal Fluctuations in Satellite Nightlight Imagery and Human Mobility across Africa
Remote Sensing
Rogers, Grant
Koper, Patrycja
Ruktanonchai, Cori
Ruktanonchai, Nick
Utazi, Edson
Woods, Dorothea
Cunningham, Alexander
Tatem, Andrew J.
Steele, Jessica
Lai, Shengjie
Sorichetta, Alessandro
Mobile phone data have been increasingly used over the past decade or more as a pretty reliable indicator of human mobility to measure population movements and the associated changes in terms of population presence and density at multiple spatial and temporal scales. However, given the fact mobile phone data are not available everywhere and are generally difficult to access and share, mostly because of commercial restrictions and privacy concerns, more readily available data with global coverage, such as night-time light (NTL) imagery, have been alternatively used as a proxy for population density changes due to population movements. This study further explores the potential to use NTL brightness as a short-term mobility metric by analysing the relationship between NTL and smartphone-based Google Aggregated Mobility Research Dataset (GAMRD) data across twelve African countries over two periods: 2018–2019 and 2020. The data were stratified by a measure of the degree of urbanisation, whereby the administrative units of each country were assigned to one of eight classes ranging from low-density rural to high-density urban. Results from the correlation analysis, between the NTL Sum of Lights (SoL) radiance values and three different GAMRD-based flow metrics calculated at the administrative unit level, showed significant differences in NTL-GAMRD correlation values across the eight rural/urban classes. The highest correlations were typically found in predominantly rural areas, suggesting that the use of NTL data as a mobility metric may be less reliable in predominantly urban settings. This is likely due to the brightness saturation and higher brightness stability within the latter, showing less of an effect than in rural or peri-urban areas of changes in brightness due to people leaving or arriving. Human mobility in 2020 (during COVID-19-related restrictions) was observed to be significantly different than in 2018–2019, resulting in a reduced NTL-GAMRD correlation strength, especially in urban settings, most probably because of the monthly NTL SoL radiance values remaining relatively similar in 2018–2019 and 2020 and the human mobility, especially in urban settings, significantly decreasing in 2020 with respect to the previous considered period. The use of NTL data on its own to assess monthly mobility and the associated fluctuations in population density was therefore shown to be promising in rural and peri-urban areas but problematic in urban settings.
Published version
2023-09-08T13:24:25Z
2023-09-08T13:24:25Z
2023-08-30
2023-09-08T12:44:36Z
Article - Refereed
Text
Rogers, G.; Koper, P.; Ruktanonchai, C.; Ruktanonchai, N.; Utazi, E.; Woods, D.; Cunningham, A.; Tatem, A.J.; Steele, J.; Lai, S.; Sorichetta, A. Exploring the Relationship between Temporal Fluctuations in Satellite Nightlight Imagery and Human Mobility across Africa. Remote Sens. 2023, 15, 4252.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/116249
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174252
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1171952023-12-15T15:20:56Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_24344
Canadian hydropower and the U.S. energy transition: controversies, opportunities, and strategic research directions
Calder, Ryan S. D.
Borsuk, Mark E.
Mortazavigazar, A.
Howarth, Richard B.
Jackson, Chloe
Mavrommati, Georgia
Recent modeling for the northeast United States suggests that the least-cost decarbonization pathway involves a combination of build-out of domestic renewables generation and increased intertie capacity with Canada. U.S. imports of Canadian hydropower have increased by > 1 TWh per year between 2007–2021 because it is a cost-effective and low-carbon alternative to domestic fossil fuel generation. Yet, increased interconnection capacity and imports are controversial and have been opposed by U.S. environmental groups and members of the public. Development of new hydroelectric reservoirs disrupts foodways and lifeways of Indigenous populations and has greenhouse gas impacts greater than wind and solar (though less than fossil fuel alternatives). Two recently cancelled hydropower transmission projects linking New England and Quebec, Canada demonstrate the need to better understand the gap between pathways that appear optimal from the perspective of energy systems modeling and the pathways that will ultimately be socially and environmentally acceptable. The experience of the northeast mirrors that in other parts of the U.S. where substantial resources have been invested in pursuit of renewable projects that are ultimately abandoned following mobilization of stakeholders with adverse interests or values. A research program integrating environmental and economic modeling seeks to resolve controversies surrounding the use of Canadian hydropower in U.S. energy transitions. This includes conceptual disputes over valuation of hydropower from existing reservoirs in cost-benefit analysis; debates over whether new transmission infrastructure stimulates new generation capacity; and analysis of the relative importance of different benefits and impacts to the public.
Published version
2023-12-14T20:54:28Z
2023-12-14T20:54:28Z
2023-12-13
Poster
Text
https://hdl.handle.net/10919/117195
Calder, Ryan [0000-0001-5618-9840]
en
In Copyright
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
United States
Canada
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/767322023-12-15T15:20:56Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24226com_10919_5532com_10919_23829com_10919_5553com_10919_24259com_10919_5559com_10919_91913com_10919_23198com_10919_25796com_10919_24262com_10919_91896col_10919_70873col_10919_24301col_10919_23830col_10919_24342col_10919_91914col_10919_25797col_10919_24344col_10919_91897
A rapid and high content assay that measures cyto-ID-stained autophagic compartments and estimates autophagy flux with potential clinical applications
Autophagy
Guo, Sujuan
Liang, Yanping
Murphy, Susan F.
Huang, Angela
Shen, Haihong
Kelly, Deborah F.
Sobrado, Pablo
Sheng, Zhi
Biochemistry
Biological Sciences
Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology
Population Health Sciences
Fralin Biomedical Research Institute
Fralin Life Sciences Institute
Center for Drug Discovery
Cell Biology
autophagy
autophagy flux
autophagy response
Cyto-ID
RNA interference screen
small molecule screen
spectrophotometric assay
3-MA
3-methyladenine
FBS
fetal bovine serum
GFP
green fluorescent protein
LAMP1
lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1
MAP1LC3B
LC3B
microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta
MAP3K6
mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 6
MDC
monodansylcadaverine
mRFP
monomeric red fluorescent protein
MTOR
mechanistic target of rapamycin
NS
nonsilencing
RAB5A
member RAS oncogene family
RNAi
RNA interference
shRNA
short-hairpin RNA
SQSTM1
sequestosome 1
WNK2
WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 2
SIRNA SCREEN
LIVING CELLS
TRANSCRIPTION
CHLOROQUINE
KINASES
DISEASE
MARKER
TRIAL
LC3
The lack of a rapid and quantitative autophagy assay has substantially hindered the development and implementation of autophagy-targeting therapies for a variety of human diseases. To address this critical issue, we developed a novel autophagy assay using the newly developed Cyto-ID fluorescence dye. We first verified that the Cyto-ID dye specifically labels autophagic compartments with minimal staining of lysosomes and endosomes. We then developed a new Cyto-ID fluorescence spectrophotometric assay that makes it possible to estimate autophagy flux based on measurements of the Cyto-ID-stained autophagic compartments. By comparing to traditional autophagy approaches, we found that this assay yielded a more sensitive, yet less variable, quantification of the stained autophagic compartments and the estimate of autophagy flux. Furthermore, we tested the potential application of this autophagy assay in high throughput research by integrating it into an RNA interference (RNAi) screen and a small molecule screen. The RNAi screen revealed WNK2 and MAP3K6 as autophagy-modulating genes, both of which inhibited the MTOR pathway. Similarly, the small molecule screen identified sanguinarine and actinomycin D as potent autophagy inducers in leukemic cells. Moreover, we successfully detected autophagy responses to kinase inhibitors and chloroquine in normal or leukemic mice using this assay. Collectively, this new Cyto-ID fluorescence spectrophotometric assay provides a rapid, reliable quantification of autophagic compartments and estimation of autophagy flux with potential applications in developing autophagy-related therapies and as a test to monitor autophagy responses in patients being treated with autophagy-modulating drugs.
Published version
2017-03-30T18:00:42Z
2017-03-30T18:00:42Z
2015-03-01
Article - Refereed
Text
1554-8627
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76732
https://doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2015.1017181
11
3
Sobrado, P [0000-0003-1494-5382]
en
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000353587600012&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
The Author(s)
560 - 572 (13) page(s)
application/pdf
application/pdf
Taylor & Francis
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/983952021-10-08T16:43:41Zcom_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_78630col_10919_78882col_10919_24344
Intermittent Water Supply Management, Household Adaptation, and Drinking Water Quality: A Comparative Study in Two Chinese Provinces
Water
Li, Hongxing
Cohen, Alasdair
Li, Zheng
Lv, Shibo
He, Zuan
Wang, Li
Zhang, Xinyi
intermittent water supply
drinking water quality
water and sanitation
household adaptation
China
Intermittent water supply (IWS) is a relatively common phenomenon across the world as well as in rural and peri-urban areas across China, though there has been little IWS-focused research from China published to date. IWS consumers typically adopt a range of strategies to cope with insufficient water supply, poor drinking water quality, and associated inconveniences. In this study, we collected a range of data from small-scale utilities and households in two IWS systems and two continuous water supply (CWS) systems, as well as from comparison groups, in Shandong and Hubei provinces. Data collection included water quality testing, interviews, and surveys on behavioral adaptations, coping strategies, water-related health perceptions, and other metrics of consumer satisfaction. Overall, we found that the IWS coping strategies employed in northern China (Shandong) were associated with generally safe, but inconvenient, water access, whereas adaptation strategies observed in southern China (Hubei) appeared to improve convenience, but not water quality. Compared to the CWS comparison groups, we did not observe significant differences in water- and sanitation-related behaviors in the IWS groups, suggesting interventions to increase adaptive and protective behaviors at the household level might further improve safe water access for households living with IWS. Overall, although the water supply infrastructure in these study areas appeared to be in relatively good condition, in contrast to reported data on IWS systems in other countries, we observed multiple risk factors associated with the water treatment and distribution processes in these IWS systems. Among policy recommendations, our results suggest that the implementation of Water Safety Plans in China would likely improve the management of drinking water treatment and, by extension, safe drinking water supply under conditions of IWS.
Published version
2020-05-14T17:49:35Z
2020-05-14T17:49:35Z
2020-05-12
2020-05-14T13:56:18Z
Article - Refereed
Text
StillImage
Li, H.; Cohen, A.; Li, Z.; Lv, S.; He, Z.; Wang, L.; Zhang, X. Intermittent Water Supply Management, Household Adaptation, and Drinking Water Quality: A Comparative Study in Two Chinese Provinces. Water 2020, 12, 1361.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/98395
https://doi.org/10.3390/w12051361
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
China
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/752002021-06-21T19:35:44Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_8195com_10919_23829com_10919_5553com_10919_24259com_10919_5559com_10919_24262col_10919_70873col_10919_78882col_10919_23830col_10919_24342col_10919_24344
Neurotrophic Factors NGF, GDNF and NTN Selectively Modulate HSV1 and HSV2 Lytic Infection and Reactivation in Primary Adult Sensory and Autonomic Neurons
Pathogens
Yanez, Andy A.
Harrell, Telvin
Sriranganathan, Heather J.
Ives, Angela M.
Bertke, Andrea S.
Biological Sciences
Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology
Population Health Sciences
HSV1
HSV2
herpes simplex virus
latency
neurotrophic factors
primary neurons
reactivation
Herpes simplex viruses (HSV1 and HSV2) establish latency in peripheral ganglia after ocular or genital infection, and can reactivate to produce different patterns and frequencies of recurrent disease. Previous studies showed that nerve growth factor (NGF) maintains HSV1 latency in embryonic sympathetic and sensory neurons. However, adult sensory neurons are no longer dependent on NGF for survival, some populations cease expression of NGF receptors postnatally, and the viruses preferentially establish latency in different populations of sensory neurons responsive to other neurotrophic factors (NTFs). Thus, NGF may not maintain latency in adult sensory neurons. To identify NTFs important for maintaining HSV1 and HSV2 latency in adult neurons, we investigated acute and latently-infected primary adult sensory trigeminal (TG) and sympathetic superior cervical ganglia (SCG) after NTF removal. NGF and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) deprivation induced HSV1 reactivation in adult sympathetic neurons. In adult sensory neurons, however, neurturin (NTN) and GDNF deprivation induced HSV1 and HSV2 reactivation, respectively, while NGF deprivation had no effects. Furthermore, HSV1 and HSV2 preferentially reactivated from neurons expressing GFRα2 and GFRα1, the high affinity receptors for NTN and GDNF, respectively. Thus, NTN and GDNF play a critical role in selective maintenance of HSV1 and HSV2 latency in primary adult sensory neurons.
Published version
2017-02-28T23:29:59Z
2017-02-28T23:29:59Z
2017-02-07
Article - Refereed
Text
Yanez, A.A.; Harrell, T.; Sriranganathan, H.J.; Ives, A.M.; Bertke, A.S. Neurotrophic Factors NGF, GDNF and NTN Selectively Modulate HSV1 and HSV2 Lytic Infection and Reactivation in Primary Adult Sensory and Autonomic Neurons. Pathogens 2017, 6, 5.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/75200
https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens6010005
6
1
Bertke, AS [0000-0002-8941-8010]
en
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28178213
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1054042022-04-15T20:52:18Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_78630col_10919_24344
Predictors of mortality within the first year of initiating antiretroviral therapy in urban and rural Kenya: A prospective cohort study
PLOS ONE
Silverman, Rachel A.
John-Stewart, Grace C.
Beck, Ingrid A.
Milne, Ross S.
Kiptinness, Catherine
McGrath, Christine J.
Richardson, Barbra A.
Chohan, Bhavna
Sakr, Samah R.
Frenkel, Lisa M.
Chung, Michael H.
CD4 CELL COUNT
OLIGONUCLEOTIDE LIGATION ASSAY
DISEASE PROGRESSION
HIV-INFECTION
VIROLOGICAL FAILURE
NUTRITIONAL-STATUS
CLINICAL-OUTCOMES
WEIGHT-GAIN
FOLLOW-UP
RESISTANCE
Humans
HIV Infections
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active
Incidence
Mortality
Proportional Hazards Models
Socioeconomic Factors
Rural Health
Urban Health
Health Services Accessibility
Kenya
Kaplan-Meier Estimate
Time-to-Treatment
Introduction Despite increased treatment availability, HIV-infected individuals continue to start antiretroviral therapy (ART) late in disease progression, increasing early mortality risk. Materials and methods Nested prospective cohort study within a randomized clinical trial of adult patients initiating ART at clinics in urban Nairobi and rural Maseno, Kenya, between 2013-2014. We estimated mortality incidence rates following ART initiation and used Cox proportional hazards regression to identify predictors of mortality within 12 months of ART initiation. Analyses were stratified by clinic site to examine differences in mortality correlates and risk by location. Results Among 811 participants initiated on ART, the mortality incidence rate within a year of initiating ART was 7.44 per 100 person-years (95% CI 5.71, 9.69). Among 207 Maseno and 612 Nairobi participants initiated on ART, the mortality incidence rates (per 100 person-years) were 12.78 (95% CI 8.49, 19.23) and 5.72 (95% CI 4.05, 8.09). Maseno had a 2.20-fold greater risk of mortality than Nairobi (95% CI 1.29, 3.76; P = 0.004). This association remained [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 2.09 (95% CI 1.17, 3.74); P = 0.013] when adjusting for age, gender, education, pre-treatment drug resistance (PDR), and CD4 count, but not when adjusting for BMI. In unadjusted analyses, other predictors (P<0.05) of mortality included male gender (HR = 1.74), age (HR = 1.04 for 1-year increase), fewer years of education (HR = 0.92 for 1-year increase), unemployment (HR = 1.89), low body mass index (BMI<18.5 m/kg2; HR = 4.99), CD4 count <100 (HR = 11.67) and 100-199 (HR = 3.40) vs. 200-350 cells/μL, and pre-treatment drug resistance (PDR; HR = 2.49). The increased mortality risk associated with older age, males, and greater education remained when adjusted for location, age, education and PDR, but not when adjusted for BMI and CD4 count. PDR remained associated with increased mortality risk when adjusted for location, age, gender, education, and BMI, but not when adjusted for CD4 count. CD4 and BMI associations with increased mortality risk persisted in multivariable analyses. Despite similar baseline CD4 counts across locations, mortality risk associated with low CD4 count, low BMI, and PDR was greater in Maseno than Nairobi in stratified analyses. Conclusions High short-term post-ART mortality was observed, partially due to low CD4 count and BMI at presentation, especially in the rural setting. Male gender, older age, and markers of lower socioeconomic status were also associated with greater mortality risk. Engaging patients earlier in HIV infection remains critical. PDR may influence short-term mortality and further studies to optimize management will be important in settings with increasing PDR.
Published version
2021-10-18T13:03:14Z
2021-10-18T13:03:14Z
2019-10-04
2021-10-18T13:03:11Z
Article - Refereed
Article
Journal
Text
ARTN e0223411 (Article number)
1932-6203
PONE-D-19-18343 (PII)
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/105404
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223411
14
10
Silverman, Rachel [0000-0003-3082-9664]
31584992
1932-6203
en
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000532407600028&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
19 page(s)
application/pdf
application/pdf
Kenya
PLoS
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1093562022-03-19T07:11:49Zcom_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_78630col_10919_24344
Boiled or Bottled: Regional and Seasonal Exposures to Drinking Water Contamination and Household Air Pollution in Rural China
Environmental Health Perspectives
Cohen, Alasdair
Pillarisetti, Ajay
Luo, Qing
Ling, Hongxing
Zhong, Gemei
Colford, John M., Jr.
Smith, Kirk R.
Ray, Isha
Tao, Yong
Background: Inadequate access to safe drinking water remains a global health problem, particularly in rural areas. Boiling is the most commonly used form of point-of-use household water treatment (HWT) globally, although the use of bottled water in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is increasing rapidly.
Objectives: We assessed the regional and seasonal prevalence of HWT practices (including bottled water use) in low-income rural areas in two Chinese provinces, evaluated the microbiological safety of drinking water and associated health outcomes, and estimated the air pollution burden associated with the use of solid fuels for boiling.
Methods: We conducted cross-sectional surveys and collected drinking water samples from 1,033 rural households in Guangxi and Henan provinces. Temperature sensors affixed to pots and electric kettles were used to corroborate self-reported boiling frequencies and durations, which were used to model household air pollution (HAP) in terms of estimated particulate matter ≤2.5μm
in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) concentrations.
Results: Based on summer data collection in both provinces, after controlling for covariates, boiling with electric kettles was associated with the largest log reduction in thermotolerant coliforms (TTCs) (−0.66
log10 TTC most probable number/100mL), followed by boiling with pots (−0.58), and bottled water use (−0.39); all were statistically significant (p<0.001). Boiling with electric kettles was associated with a reduced risk of TTC contamination [risk ratio (RR)=0.25, p<0.001] and reported diarrhea (RR=0.80, p=0.672). TTCs were detected in 51% (n=136) of bottled water samples. For households boiling with biomass, modeled PM2.5 concentrations averaged 79 μg/m3 (standard deviation=21).
Discussion: Our findings suggest that where boiling is already common and electricity access is widespread, the promotion of electricity-based boiling may represent a pragmatic stop-gap means of expanding safe water access until centralized, or decentralized, treated drinking water is available; displacing biomass use for water boiling could also reduce HAP concentrations and exposures. Our results also highlight the risks of increasing bottled water use in rural areas, and its potential to displace other sources of safe drinking water, which could in turn hamper efforts in China and other LMICs toward universal and affordable safe water access.
Funding and support for this research was provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ( https://www.epa.gov; STAR Fellowship 91744201-0) and the International Fund for Agricultural Development, a specialized United Nations agency ( https://www.ifad.org/en/).
Published version
2022-03-18T11:37:48Z
2022-03-18T11:37:48Z
2020-12-04
Article - Refereed
Text
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/109356
https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7124
128
12
en
Public Domain
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
China
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/774072023-12-15T15:20:56Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_91913com_10919_23198com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_91914col_10919_24344
Clinical Response, Outbreak Investigation and Epidemiology of the Fungal Meningitis Epidemic in the United States: Systematic Review.
Disaster Medicine and Public Health Professionals
Abbas, Kaja M.
Dorratoltaj, Nargesalsadat
O'Dell, Margaret L.
Bordwine, Paige
Kerkering, Thomas M.
Redican, Kerry J.
We conducted a systematic review of the 2012-2013 multistate fungal meningitis epidemic in the United States from the perspectives of clinical response, outbreak investigation, and epidemiology. Articles focused on clinical response, outbreak investigation, and epidemiology were included, whereas articles focused on compounding pharmacies, legislation and litigation, diagnostics, microbiology, and pathogenesis were excluded. We reviewed 19 articles by use of the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) framework. The source of the fungal meningitis outbreak was traced to the New England Compounding Center in Massachusetts, where injectable methylprednisolone acetate products were contaminated with the predominant pathogen, Exserohilum rostratum. As of October 23, 2013, the final case count stood at 751 patients and 64 deaths, and no additional cases are anticipated. The multisectoral public health response to the fungal meningitis epidemic from the hospitals, clinics, pharmacies, and the public health system at the local, state, and federal levels led to an efficient epidemiological investigation to trace the outbreak source and rapid implementation of multiple response plans. This systematic review reaffirms the effective execution of a multisectoral public health response and efficient delivery of the core functions of public health assessment, policy development, and service assurances to improve population health.
Published version
2017-04-14T01:58:25Z
2017-04-14T01:58:25Z
2016-10-01
Article - Refereed
Text
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77407
https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2015.137
10
1
Abbas, KM [0000-0003-0563-1576]
en
In Copyright
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
145 - 151 (6) page(s)
application/pdf
application/pdf
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/849772023-12-15T15:20:56Zcom_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_78630col_10919_24344
Demographics, perceptions, and socioeconomic factors affecting influenza vaccination among adults in the United States
PeerJ
Abbas, Kaja M.
Kang, Gloria J.
Chen, Daniel
Werre, Stephen R.
Marathe, Achla
Influenza
Survey analysis
Adult vaccination
United States
Facilitators
Barriers
Epidemiology
Infectious Diseases
Public Health
Statistics
Objective. The study objective is to analyze influenza vaccination status by demographic factors, perceived vaccine efficacy, social influence, herd immunity, vaccine cost, health insurance status, and barriers to influenza vaccination among adults 18 years and older in the United States. Background. Influenza vaccination coverage among adults 18 years and older was 41% during 2010 2011 and has increased and plateaued at 43% during 2016 2017. This is below the target of 70% influenza vaccination coverage among adults, which is an objective of the Healthy People 2020 initiative.
Methods. We conducted a survey of a nationally representative sample of adults 18 years and older in the United States on factors affecting influenza vaccination. We conducted bivariate analysis using Rao-Scott chi-square test and multivariate analysis using weighted multinomial logistic regression of this survey data to determine the effect of demographics, perceived vaccine efficacy, social influence, herd immunity, vaccine cost, health insurance, and barriers associated with influenza vaccination uptake among adults in the United States.
Results. Influenza vaccination rates are relatively high among adults in older age groups (73.3% among 75Cyear old), adults with education levels of bachelor's degree or higher (45.1%), non-Hispanic Whites (41.8%), adults with higher incomes (52.8% among adults with income of over $150,000), partnered adults (43.2%), non-working adults (46.2%), and adults with internet access (39.9%). Influenza vaccine is taken every year by 76% of adults who perceive that the vaccine is very effective, 64.2% of adults who are socially influenced by others, and 41.8% of adults with health insurance, while 72.3% of adults without health insurance never get vaccinated. Facilitators for adults getting vaccinated every year in comparison to only some years include older age, perception of high vaccine effectiveness, higher income and no out-of-pocket payments. Barriers for adults never getting vaccinated in comparison to only some years include lack of health insurance, disliking of shots, perception of low vaccine effectiveness, low perception of risk for influenza infection, and perception of risky side effects.
Conclusion. Influenza vaccination rates among adults in the United States can be improved towards the Healthy People 2020 target of 70% by increasing awareness of the safety, efficacy and need for influenza vaccination, leveraging the practices and principles of commercial and social marketing to improve vaccine trust, confidence and acceptance, and lowering out-of-pocket expenses and covering influenza vaccination costs through health insurance.
NIH/NIGMS R01GM109718
NSF/NRT 1545362
2018-09-07T16:09:32Z
2018-09-07T16:09:32Z
2018-07-13
Article - Refereed
Text
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/84977
https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5171
6
en
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 United States
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/
application/pdf
application/pdf
PeerJ
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1181072024-02-22T12:03:52Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_24344
Une mauvaise publicité pour l’hydroélectricité québécoise
Calder, Ryan S. D.
2024-02-22T13:19:07Z
2024-02-22T13:19:07Z
2019-10-11
Article
Text
Calder , RSD (2019). « Une mauvaise publicité pour l’hydroélectricité québécoise ». La Presse . Montréal, QC, Canada.
https://hdl.handle.net/10919/118107
Calder, Ryan [0000-0001-5618-9840]
fr
https://www.lapresse.ca/debats/opinions/2019-10-11/une-mauvaise-publicite-pour-l-hydroelectricite-quebecoise
In Copyright
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
Quebec
Canada
La Presse
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1120412023-03-24T15:06:52Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_23829com_10919_5553com_10919_23747com_10919_5539com_10919_91913com_10919_23198com_10919_24262com_10919_5559com_10919_24213col_10919_70873col_10919_23830col_10919_23748col_10919_91914col_10919_24344col_10919_24334
Subsewershed SARS-CoV-2 Wastewater Surveillance and COVID-19 Epidemiology Using Building-Specific Occupancy and Case Data
ACS Environmental Science and Technology Water
Cohen, Alasdair
Maile-Moskowitz, Ayella
Grubb, Christopher
Gonzalez, Raul A.
Ceci, Alessandro
Darling, Amanda
Hungerford, Laura L.
Fricker, Ronald D. Jr.
Finkielstein, Carla V.
Pruden, Amy
Vikesland, Peter J.
To evaluate the use of wastewater-based surveillance and epidemiology to monitor and predict SARS-CoV-2 virus trends, over the 2020-2021 academic year we collected wastewater samples twice weekly from 17 manholes across Virginia Tech's main campus. We used data from external door swipe card readers and student isolation/quarantine status to estimate building-specific occupancy and COVID-19 case counts at a daily resolution. After analyzing 673 wastewater samples using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), we reanalyzed 329 samples from isolation and nonisolation dormitories and the campus sewage outflow using reverse transcription digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (RT-ddPCR). Population-adjusted viral copy means from isolation dormitory wastewater were 48% and 66% higher than unadjusted viral copy means for N and E genes (1846/100 mL to 2733/100 mL/100 people and 2312/100 mL to 3828/100 mL/100 people, respectively; n = 46). Prespecified analyses with random-effects Poisson regression and dormitory/cluster-robust standard errors showed that the detection of N and E genes were associated with increases of 85% and 99% in the likelihood of COVID-19 cases 8 days later (incident-rate ratio (IRR) = 1.845, p = 0.013 and IRR = 1.994, p = 0.007, respectively; n = 215), and one-log increases in swipe card normalized viral copies (copies/100 mL/100 people) for N and E were associated with increases of 21% and 27% in the likelihood of observing COVID-19 cases 8 days following sample collection (IRR = 1.206, p < 0.001, n = 211 for N; IRR = 1.265, p < 0.001, n = 211 for E). One-log increases in swipe normalized copies were also associated with 40% and 43% increases in the likelihood of observing COVID-19 cases 5 days after sample collection (IRR = 1.403, p = 0.002, n = 212 for N; IRR = 1.426, p < 0.001, n = 212 for E). Our findings highlight the use of building-specific occupancy data and add to the evidence for the potential of wastewater-based epidemiology to predict COVID-19 trends at subsewershed scales.
Accepted version
2022-10-03T12:26:04Z
2022-10-03T12:26:04Z
2022-05-01
2022-10-02T23:14:51Z
Article - Refereed
Journal Article
Text
2690-0637
PMC9128018
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/112041
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.2c00059
Pruden-Bagchi, Amy [0000-0002-3191-6244]
Vikesland, Peter [0000-0003-2654-5132]
Cohen, Alasdair [0000-0002-9917-8647]
Finkielstein, Carla [0000-0002-8417-4643]
2690-0637
en
In Copyright
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
American Chemical Society
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1076102022-06-17T20:03:38Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_24344
Prevalence of Pre-antiretroviral-Treatment Drug Resistance by Gender, Age, and Other Factors in HIV-Infected Individuals Initiating Therapy in Kenya, 2013-2014
Journal of Infectious Diseases
Silverman, Rachel A.
Beck, Ingrid A.
Kiptinness, Catherine
Levine, Molly
Milne, Ross S.
McGrath, Christine J.
Bii, Steve
Richardson, Barbra A.
John-Stewart, Grace C.
Chohan, Bhavna
Sakr, Samah R.
Kiarie, James N.
Frenkel, Lisa M.
Chung, Michael H.
Immunology
Infectious Diseases
Microbiology
Pretreatment drug resistance
transmitted drug resistance
HIV
oligonucleotide ligation assay
antiretroviral therapy
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
OLIGONUCLEOTIDE LIGATION ASSAY
RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS
TREATMENT-NAIVE
REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE
VIROLOGICAL FAILURE
TREATMENT PROGRAM
ADULTS
CHILDREN
TRANSMISSION
06 Biological Sciences
11 Medical and Health Sciences
Humans
HIV
HIV Infections
Prevalence
Cross-Sectional Studies
Nucleic Acid Hybridization
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Age Factors
Sex Factors
Drug Resistance, Viral
Genotype
Mutation, Missense
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Middle Aged
Kenya
Female
Male
pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Young Adult
Genotyping Techniques
Background: Pre-antiretroviral-treatment drug resistance (PDR) is a predictor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment failure. We determined PDR prevalence and correlates in a Kenyan cohort.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of antiretroviral (ARV) treatment-eligible HIV-infected participants. PDR was defined as ≥2% mutant frequency in a participant's HIV quasispecies at pol codons K103N, Y181C, G190A, M184 V, or K65R by oligonucleotide ligation assay and Illumina sequencing. PDR prevalence was calculated by demographics and codon, stratifying by prior ARV experience. Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios.
Results: PDR prevalences (95% confidence interval [CI]) in 815 ARV-naive adults, 136 ARV-experienced adults, and 36 predominantly ARV-naive children were 9.4% (7.5%-11.7%), 12.5% (7.5%-19.3%), and 2.8% (0.1%-14.5%), respectively. Median mutant frequency within an individual's HIV quasispecies was 67%. PDR prevalence in ARV-naive women 18-24 years old was 21.9% (9.3%-40.0%). Only age in females associated with PDR: A 5-year age decrease was associated with adjusted PDR prevalence ratio 1.20 (95% CI, 1.06-1.36; P = .004).
Conclusions: The high PDR prevalence may warrant resistance testing and/or alternative ARVs in high HIV prevalence settings, with attention to young women, likely to have recent infection and higher rates of resistance.
Clinical trials registration: NCT01898754.
Published version
2022-01-13T16:27:19Z
2022-01-13T16:27:19Z
2017-12-15
2022-01-13T16:27:18Z
Article - Refereed
Article
Journal
Text
0022-1899
4430536 (PII)
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/107610
https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jix544
216
12
Silverman, Rachel [0000-0003-3082-9664]
29040633
1537-6613
en
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000418720000012&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1
In Copyright
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
Pages 1569-1578
10 page(s)
application/pdf
application/pdf
Kenya
Oxford University Press
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1177892024-02-01T15:45:14Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_91913com_10919_23198com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_78882col_10919_91914col_10919_24344
Resident Support for the Federally Mandated Smoke-Free Rule in Public Housing: 2018-2022
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Dearfield, Craig T.
Ulfers, Margaret
Horn, Kimberly
Bernat, Debra H.
This study examines support for the Department of Housing and Urban Development’s (HUD) mandatory smoke-free rule up to four years post-rule among smokers and non-smokers. A repeated cross-sectional design was used where District of Columbia public housing residents aged 18+ (<i>n</i> = 529) completed surveys during three time points: July 2018 (pre-rule), November 2018–March 2020 (post-rule), and September 2020–December 2022 (post-rule + COVID-19). Full support for the rule was indicated by agreeing that smoking should not be allowed in all indoor locations and within 25 feet of buildings. Descriptive statistics showed significant differences in support across time for smokers (5.3%, 30.7%, and 22.5%, respectively) and similar support across time for nonsmokers (48.2%, 52.2%, and 40.0%, respectively). In unstratified regression analysis, pre-rule support was lower than when the rule was in effect (aOR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.25, 0.90), and tobacco users were less likely to support the rule (aOR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.23, 0.50). Stratified logistic regression results showed that pre-rule support was lower among smokers compared to post-rule support (aOR = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.03, 0.59); support among nonsmokers did not vary by time. Findings overall indicate low support for the smoke-free rule up to 4 years post-implementation. Engaging residents with the rule and promoting health and well-being may further enhance policy effectiveness and acceptance.
Published version
2024-02-01T14:30:34Z
2024-02-01T14:30:34Z
2024-01-17
2024-01-26T14:10:45Z
Article - Refereed
Text
Dearfield, C.T.; Ulfers, M.; Horn, K.; Bernat, D.H. Resident Support for the Federally Mandated Smoke-Free Rule in Public Housing: 2018–2022. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21, 102.
https://hdl.handle.net/10919/117789
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21010102
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/973282022-02-26T00:17:30Zcom_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_23747com_10919_5539com_10919_24262com_10919_5559com_10919_24256com_10919_5555com_10919_84995com_10919_5553com_10919_24258col_10919_78630col_10919_78882col_10919_23748col_10919_24344col_10919_24323col_10919_84996col_10919_24325
Building Interdisciplinary Partnerships for Community-Engaged Environmental Health Research in Appalachian Virginia
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Satterwhite, Emily M.
Bell, Shannon Elizabeth
Marr, Linsey C.
Thompson, Christopher K.
Prussin, Aaron J. II
Buttling, Lauren G.
Pan, Jin
Gohlke, Julia M.
Civil and Environmental Engineering
Population Health Sciences
Religion and Culture
Sociology
School of Neuroscience
environmental health
interdisciplinary research
transdisciplinary research
community-engaged research
Appalachia
This article describes a collaboration among a group of university faculty, undergraduate students, local governments, local residents, and U.S. Army staff to address long-standing concerns about the environmental health effects of an Army ammunition plant. The authors describe community-responsive scientific pilot studies that examined potential environmental contamination and a related undergraduate research course that documented residents’ concerns, contextualized those concerns, and developed recommendations. We make a case for the value of resource-intensive university–community partnerships that promote the production of knowledge through collaborations across disciplinary paradigms (natural/physical sciences, social sciences, health sciences, and humanities) in response to questions raised by local residents. Our experience also suggests that enacting this type of research through a university class may help promote researchers’ adoption of “epistemological pluralism”, and thereby facilitate the movement of a study from being “multidisciplinary” to “transdisciplinary”.
Published version
2020-03-16T12:22:21Z
2020-03-16T12:22:21Z
2020-03-05
2020-03-13T13:09:09Z
Article - Refereed
Text
Satterwhite, E.; Bell, S.E.; Marr, L.C.; Thompson, C.K.; Prussin, A.J., II; Buttling, L.; Pan, J.; Gohlke, J.M. Building Interdisciplinary Partnerships for Community-Engaged Environmental Health Research in Appalachian Virginia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 1695.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97328
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051695
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/958442023-11-29T19:11:29Zcom_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_5540com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_78630col_10919_78882col_10919_71752col_10919_24344
Route of Infection Influences Zika Virus Shedding in a Guinea Pig Model
Cells
Saver, Ashley E.
Crawford, Stephanie A.
Joyce, Jonathan D.
Bertke, Andrea S.
Zika virus
ZIKV
virus host interactions
pathogenesis
MR766
guinea pig
subcutaneous
vaginal
sexual transmission
virus transmission
Due to the recent epidemic of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and resulting sequelae, as well as concerns about both the sexual and vertical transmission of the virus, renewed attention has been paid to the pathogenesis of this unique arbovirus. Numerous small animal models have been used in various ZIKV pathogenicity studies, however, they are often performed using immunodeficient or immunosuppressed animals, which may impact disease progression in a manner not relevant to immunocompetent humans. The use of immunocompetent animal models, such as macaques, is constrained by small sample sizes and the need for specialized equipment/staff. Here we report the establishment of ZIKV infection in an immunocompetent small animal model, the guinea pig, using both subcutaneous and vaginal routes of infection to mimic mosquito-borne and sexual transmission. Guinea pigs developed clinical signs consistent with mostly asymptomatic and mild disease observed in humans. We demonstrate that the route of infection does not significantly alter viral tissue tropism but does impact mucosal shedding mechanics. We also demonstrate persistent infection in sensory and autonomic ganglia, identifying a previously unrecognized niche of viral persistence that could contribute to viral shedding in secretions. We conclude that the guinea pig represents a useful and relevant model for ZIKV pathogenesis.
Published version
2019-11-22T17:47:27Z
2019-11-22T17:47:27Z
2019-11-14
2019-11-22T14:47:57Z
Article - Refereed
Text
Saver, A.E.; Crawford, S.A.; Joyce, J.D.; Bertke, A.S. Route of Infection Influences Zika Virus Shedding in a Guinea Pig Model. Cells 2019, 8, 1437.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/95844
https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8111437
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1108912023-12-15T15:20:56Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_91913com_10919_23198com_10919_24262com_10919_5559com_10919_91912col_10919_70873col_10919_78630col_10919_91914col_10919_24344col_10919_91916
Vaccine Effectiveness during Outbreak of COVID-19 Alpha (B.1.1.7) Variant in Men’s Correctional Facility, United States
Emerging Infectious Diseases
Silverman, Rachel A.
Ceci, Alessandro
Cohen, Alasdair
Helmick, Meagan
Short, Erica
Bordwine, Paige
Friedlander, Michael J.
Finkielstein, Carla V.
In April 2021, a COVID-19 outbreak occurred at a correctional facility in rural Virginia, USA. Eighty-four infections were identified among 854 incarcerated persons by facilitywide testing with reverse transcription quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). We used whole-genome sequencing to link all infections to 2 employees infected with the B.1.1.7α (UK) variant. The relative risk comparing unvaccinated to fully vaccinated persons (mRNA-1273 [Moderna, https:// www.moderna.com]) was 7.8 (95% CI 4.8–12.7), corresponding to a vaccine effectiveness of 87.1% (95% CI 79.0%–92.1%). Average qRT-PCR cycle threshold values were lower, suggesting higher viral loads, among unvaccinated infected than vaccinated cases for the N, E, and S genes. Vaccination was highly effective at preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in this high-risk setting. This approach can be applied to similar settings to estimate vaccine effectiveness as variants emerge to guide public health strategies during the ongoing pandemic.
Published version
2022-06-22T16:44:54Z
2022-06-22T16:44:54Z
2022-07
2022-06-22T15:44:19Z
Article - Refereed
Text
1080-6040
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/110891
https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2807.220091
28
7
Silverman, Rachel [0000-0003-3082-9664]
1080-6059
en
Public Domain (U.S.)
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Pages 1313-1320
application/pdf
application/pdf
Virginia
United States
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1096742022-04-16T07:12:05Zcom_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_78630col_10919_24344
Assessing the Effect of Global Travel and Contact Restrictions on Mitigating the COVID-19 Pandemic
Engineering
Lai, Shengjie
Ruktanonchai, Nick W.
Carioli, Alessandra
Ruktanonchai, Corrine W.
Floyd, Jessica R.
Prosper, Olivia
Zhang, Chi
Du, Xiangjun
Yang, Weizhong
Tatem, Andrew J.
COVID-19
Pandemic
Population mobility
Travel restriction
Physical distancing
Travel restrictions and physical distancing have been implemented across the world to mitigate the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, but studies are needed to understand their effectiveness across regions and time. Based on the population mobility metrics derived from mobile phone geolocation data across 135 countries or territories during the first wave of the pandemic in 2020, we built a metapopulation epidemiological model to measure the effect of travel and contact restrictions on containing COVID-19 outbreaks across regions. We found that if these interventions had not been deployed, the cumulative number of cases could have shown a 97-fold (interquartile range 79-116) increase, as of May 31, 2020. However, their effectiveness depended upon the timing, duration, and intensity of the interventions, with variations in case severity seen across populations, regions, and seasons. Additionally, before effective vaccines are widely available and herd immunity is achieved, our results emphasize that a certain degree of physical distancing at the relaxation of the intervention stage will likely be needed to avoid rapid resurgences and subsequent lockdowns. (C) 2021 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier LTD on behalf of Chinese Academy of Engineering and Higher Education Press Limited Company.
Bill & Melinda Gates FoundationBill & Melinda Gates FoundationCGIAR [OPP1134076, INV-024911, OPP1106427, OPP1032350, OPP1094793, OPP1170969]; National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation (NSF) [1816075]; EU Horizon [MOOD 874850]; Clinton Health Access Initiative; UK Department for International Development (DFID); Well-come TrustWellcome TrustEuropean Commission [106866/Z/15/Z, 204613/Z/16/Z]
Published version
The authors would like to acknowledge Google and Baidu for sharing population movement data. This study was supported by the grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1134076, INV-024911) . Nick W. Ruktanonchai is supported by funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1170969) . Olivia Prosper is supported by the National Science Foundation (1816075) . Andrew J. Tatem is supported by funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1106427, OPP1032350, OPP1134076, and OPP1094793) , the EU Horizon (MOOD 874850) , the Clinton Health Access Initiative, the UK Department for International Development (DFID) , and the Well-come Trust (106866/Z/15/Z and 204613/Z/16/Z) .
2022-04-15T15:00:10Z
2022-04-15T15:00:10Z
2021-07
Article - Refereed
Text
2095-8099
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/109674
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2021.03.017
7
7
33972889
2096-0026
en
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1004672022-02-26T00:17:30Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_78882col_10919_24344
Comparison between Gradual Reduced Nicotine Content and Usual Nicotine Content Groups on Subjective Cigarette Ratings in a Randomized Double-Blind Trial
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Lin, Wenxue
Krebs, Nicolle M.
Zhu, Junjia
Foulds, Jonathan
Horn, Kimberly
Muscat, Joshua E.
Population Health Sciences
reduced nicotine content
usual nicotine content
modified cigarette evaluation questionnaire
cigarette-liking scale
In 2018, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an advanced notice of proposed rulemaking to reduce nicotine in tobacco products to produce a minimally addictive or nonaddictive effect, but there was a research gap in the subjective responses of reduced-nicotine-content cigarettes. We compared the responses of the modified cigarette evaluation questionnaire (mCEQ) and cigarette-liking scale (CLS) between the gradually reduced nicotine content (RNC) group and the usual nicotine content (UNC) group. Linear mixed-effects models for repeated measures were used to analyze and compare the change over time for the mCEQ and CLS across the two treatment groups (RNC and UNC). We found that the change over time for the mCEQ and CLS was significant between the RNC and the UNC treatment groups at the beginning of visit 6 with 1.4 mg nicotine/cigarette. At visits 8 and 9, the RNC group reported significantly lower satisfaction scores compared to UNC. Subscale analysis showed that smoking satisfaction decreased in RNC while other measures, such as cigarette enjoyment, did not change. Understanding the impact of nicotine reduction on cigarette subjective responses through evaluation and liking scales would provide valuable information to the FDA on nicotine reduction policies for cigarettes.
Published version
2020-10-13T17:17:07Z
2020-10-13T17:17:07Z
2020-09-26
2020-10-13T13:24:06Z
Article - Refereed
Text
StillImage
Lin, W.; Krebs, N.M.; Zhu, J.; Foulds, J.; Horn, K.; Muscat, J.E. Comparison between Gradual Reduced Nicotine Content and Usual Nicotine Content Groups on Subjective Cigarette Ratings in a Randomized Double-Blind Trial. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 7047.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100467
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197047
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1010432023-01-17T20:18:23Zcom_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_78630col_10919_24344
Assessing the impact of coordinated COVID-19 exit strategies across Europe
Science
Ruktanonchai, Nick W.
Floyd, J. R.
Lai, S.
Ruktanonchai, Corrine W.
Sadilek, Adam
Rente-Lourenco, P.
Ben, X.
Carioli, A.
Gwinn, J.
Steele, J. E.
Prosper, Olivia F.
Schneider, A.
Oplinger, A.
Eastham, Paul
Tatem, A. J.
Population Health Sciences
As rates of new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases decline across Europe owing to nonpharmaceutical interventions such as social distancing policies and lockdown measures, countries require guidance on how to ease restrictions while minimizing the risk of resurgent outbreaks. We use mobility and case data to quantify how coordinated exit strategies could delay continental resurgence and limit community transmission of COVID-19. We find that a resurgent continental epidemic could occur as many as 5 weeks earlier when well-connected countries with stringent existing interventions end their interventions prematurely. Further, we find that appropriate coordination can greatly improve the likelihood of eliminating community transmission throughout Europe. In particular, synchronizing intermittent lockdowns across Europe means that half as many lockdown periods would be required to end continent-wide community transmission.
Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust Funding Source: Medline
2020-12-08T14:10:33Z
2020-12-08T14:10:33Z
2020-09-18
Article - Refereed
Text
StillImage
0036-8075
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101043
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc5096
369
6510
32680881
1095-9203
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/928922022-02-26T00:17:18Zcom_10919_24259com_10919_5559com_10919_24262col_10919_24342col_10919_24344
Feasibility for Measuring Transverse Area Ratios and Asymmetry of Lumbosacral Region Paraspinal Muscles in Working Dogs Using Computed Tomography
Frontiers in Veterinary Science
Cain, Bethany
Jones, Jeryl C.
Holaskova, Ida
Freeman, Larry E.
Pierce, Bess J.
CT
core muscle
canine
lower back
cauda equina
Objectives: Describe computed tomographic (CT) anatomy of canine lumbosacral (LS) paraspinal muscles, a method for measuring paraspinal muscle transverse area ratios and asymmetry using CT, and application of this method in a small sample of working dogs with versus without LS pain. Methods: Published anatomy references and atlases were reviewed and discrepancies were resolved by examination of anatomic specimens and multiplanar reformatted images to describe transverse CT anatomy of LS region paraspinal muscles. Sixteen Belgian malinois military working dogs were retrospectively recruited and assigned to LS pain positive versus negative groups based on medical record entries. A single observer unaware of dog group measured CT transverse areas of paraspinal muscles and adjacent vertebral bodies, in triplicate, for L5-S1 vertebral locations. A statistician compared muscle transverse area ratios and asymmetry at each vertebral location between groups. Results: The relative coefficient of variation for triplicate CT area measurements averaged 2.15% (N = 16). Multifidus lumborum (L6-7), psoas/iliopsoas (L5-6, L6-7), and sacrocaudalis dorsalis lateralis (L6-7, L7-S1) transverse area ratios were significantly smaller in dogs with LS pain (n = 11) versus without LS pain (n = 5) (p <= 0.05). Muscle asymmetry values were not significantly greater in dogs with versus without LS pain. Clinical relevance: Computed tomographic morphometry of LS region paraspinal muscles is a feasible objective method for use in future evidence-based research studies in working dogs. Potential future research applications include determining whether decreased paraspinal muscle area ratios and/or increased paraspinal muscle asymmetry could be used as markers for preclinical LS pain in stoic dogs or risk factors for other injuries in high performance canine athletes, or determining whether core muscle strengthening exercise prescriptions for dogs with LS pain have an effect on paraspinal muscle area ratios and asymmetry.
West Virginia Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Morgantown, WV, USA [3251]; Hatch Formula Fund, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture [WVA00645]; WVU Davis-Michael Endowment for Pre-Veterinary Sciences
Funding support for this project was provided by the West Virginia Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Morgantown, WV, USA (Scientific Article No. 3251); Hatch Formula Fund, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture (award number WVA00645); and WVU Davis-Michael Endowment for Pre-Veterinary Sciences.
2019-08-08T17:05:30Z
2019-08-08T17:05:30Z
2016
Article - Refereed
Text
StillImage
2297-1769
34
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/92892
https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2016.00034
3
27243022
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
Frontiers
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1053932023-12-15T15:20:56Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24259com_10919_5559com_10919_24261com_10919_24262col_10919_70873col_10919_24342col_10919_24343col_10919_24344
Can levamisole upregulate the equine cell-mediated macrophage (M1) dendritic cell (DC1) T-helper 1 (CD4 Th1) T-cytotoxic (CD8) immune response in vitro?
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
Witonsky, Sharon G.
Buechner-Maxwell, Virginia A.
Santonastasto, Amy
Pleasant, R. Scott
Werre, Stephen R.
Wagner, Bettina
Ellison, Siobhan
Lindsay, David S.
Science & Technology
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Veterinary Sciences
EPM
immunomodulators
immunology
SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA
IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTION
HORSES
INFECTION
MICE
EPM
0707 Veterinary Sciences
Leukocytes, Mononuclear
Cells, Cultured
Animals
Horses
Levamisole
Concanavalin A
Mitogens
Adjuvants, Immunologic
Prospective Studies
Up-Regulation
Female
Male
Background: Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) is a common and devastating neurologic disease of horses in the United States. Because some EPM-affected horses have decreased immune responses, immunomodulators such as levamisole have been proposed as supplemental treatments. However, little is known about levamisole's effects or its mechanism of action in horses. Objective: Levamisole in combination with another mitogen will stimulate a macrophage 1 (M1), dendritic cell 1 (DC1), T-helper 1 (CD4 Th1), and T-cytotoxic (CD8) immune response in equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro as compared to mitogen alone. Animals: Ten neurologically normal adult horses serologically negative for Sarcocystis neurona. Methods: Prospective study. Optimal conditions for levamisole were determined based on cellular proliferation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were then cultured using optimal conditions of mitogen and levamisole to identify the immune phenotype, based on subset-specific activation markers, intracellular cytokine production, and cytokine concentrations in cell supernatants. Subset-specific proliferation was determined using a vital stain. Results: Concanavalin A (conA) with levamisole, but not levamisole alone, resulted in a significant decrease (P <.05) in PBMC proliferation compared to conA alone. Levamisole alone did not elicit a specific immune phenotype different than that induced by conA. Conclusion and Clinical Importance: Levamisole co-cultured with conA significantly attenuated the PBMC proliferative response as compared with conA. If the mechanisms by which levamisole modulates the immune phenotype can be further defined, levamisole may have potential use in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Published version
2021-10-15T12:28:45Z
2021-10-15T12:28:45Z
2019-03-01
2021-10-15T12:28:42Z
Article - Refereed
Article
Journal
Text
0891-6640
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/105393
https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15404
33
2
Witonsky, Sharon [0000-0001-5537-0947]
Werre, Stephen [0000-0003-1638-6705]
30693587
1939-1676
en
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000463838000067&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1
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Pages 889-896
8 page(s)
Print-Electronic
application/pdf
application/pdf
Wiley
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1007112022-02-26T00:17:30Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_78882col_10919_24344
Effect of an Additional 30 Minutes Spent Outdoors during Summer on Daily Steps and Individually Experienced Heat Index
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Wang, Suwei
Richardson, Molly B.
Wu, Connor Y. H.
Zaitchik, Benjamin F.
Gohlke, Julia M.
Translational Biology, Medicine and Health
Population Health Sciences
time spent outdoors
daily steps
summer temperature
wearable thermometer
physical activity
Spending time outdoors is associated with increased physical activity; however, high ambient temperature/humidity, together with built environment features in urban versus rural environments, may influence physical activity. We conducted an intervention trial with 89 urban and 88 rural participants performing normal activities on Days 1–2 (baseline) and spending an additional 30 min outdoors on Days 3–7 (intervention) in the summer. Participants wore a pedometer with real-time visual feedback to track daily steps taken and a thermometer clipped to their shoe to track temperatures experienced individually. Hygrometer–thermometers were deployed in participants’ neighborhoods to collect finer resolution ambient heat indexes in addition to regional weather station measurements. Using linear mixed effects models and adjusting for ambient conditions and individual-level factors, participants on average walked 637 (95%CI (83, 1192)) more steps and had a 0.59 °C (95%CI (0.30, 0.88)) lower daily mean individually experienced heat index during intervention days compared to baseline days. The intervention benefit of increased physical activity was greater in rural residents who were less active at baseline, compared to urban residents. Our results suggest adding a small amount of additional time outdoors may improve physical activity without increasing participants’ heat exposure, even during summer in a humid subtropical climate.
Published version
2020-10-27T13:16:04Z
2020-10-27T13:16:04Z
2020-10-17
2020-10-26T14:22:15Z
Article - Refereed
Text
StillImage
Wang, S.; Richardson, M.B.; Wu, C.Y.; Zaitchik, B.F.; Gohlke, J.M. Effect of an Additional 30 Minutes Spent Outdoors during Summer on Daily Steps and Individually Experienced Heat Index. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 7558.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100711
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207558
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
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application/pdf
application/pdf
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1096772022-07-05T13:44:33Zcom_10919_24261com_10919_5559com_10919_24262com_10919_111086com_10919_5532col_10919_24343col_10919_24344col_10919_111087
A retrospective analysis of bull:cow ratio effects on pregnancy rates of beef cows previously enrolled in fixed-time artificial insemination protocols
Translational Animal Science
Timlin, Claire L.
Dias, Nicholas W.
Hungerford, Laura L.
Redifer, Tracey
Currin, John F.
Mercadante, Vitor R. G.
bull
cow ratio
fixed-timed artificial insemination
This retrospective study aimed to determine if the number of cows exposed per bull affects pregnancy rates of cows returning to estrus after fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). Data were compiled over the course of 13 breeding seasons (six fall and seven spring seasons) between 2010 and 2017 from the Virginia Department of Corrections herd. Available records contained data from 17 farms and 324 groups of cows (average 47 cows/group). Multiparous cows and heifers (average age per group: 5.11 +/- 0.14 yr; n = 14,868) were exposed to FTAI. After FTAI, animals were placed on pasture with bulls diagnosed as fertile by a breeding soundness exam for natural service of cows who did not become pregnant to FTAI (n = 7,248; average 22 cows/group). Animals were classified as pregnant to FTAI, to natural service on first return to estrus, or to natural service on second or subsequent estrus determined by fetal aging at pregnancy diagnosis. The bull:cow ratio for the total number of cows exposed ranged from 1:9 to 1:73 with an average of 1:31. The bull:cow ratio considering only open cows exposed after FTAI ranged from 1:2 to 1:44 with an average of 1:14. There was significant negative, small correlation between the bull:cow ratio for total number of cows exposed and return to estrus pregnancy rate in fall breeding seasons (P = 0.01, r(2) = 0.04) but not in spring (P = 0.90). There was a significant negative, small correlation between bull:cow ratio of open cows exposed and pregnancy rates to first return to estrus in fall herds with a single sire (P < 0.001, r(2) = 0.11). There was no correlation in fall herds using multiple sires or spring herds (P = 0.12). Bull:cow ratio accounted for only 1-11% of variation in the pregnancy rates, thus we conclude that a decreased bull:cow ratio (up to 1:73) did not affect natural service return to estrus pregnancy rate. Cattlemen may consider a reduced number of bulls needed for natural service breeding after FTAI, which can decrease bull related costs and increase the economic feasibility of adopting FTAI protocols.
Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Sciences (ICTAS) Doctoral Scholars Program at Virginia Tech; USDA National Institute of Food and AgricultureUnited States Department of Agriculture (USDA) [VA-160080]
Published version
Fellowship support for C.L. Timlin was provided by the Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Sciences (ICTAS) Doctoral Scholars Program at Virginia Tech. This work is supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch project VA-160080. The authors would like to thank the veterinarians and technicians at Production Medicine and Management Service, as well as the Virginia Department of Corrections for providing and maintaining the cattle and records used in this analysis.
2022-04-15T15:00:11Z
2022-04-15T15:00:11Z
2021-07
Article - Refereed
Text
txab129
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/109677
https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txab129
5
3
34514347
2573-2102
en
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
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application/pdf
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1045682021-08-05T07:11:27Zcom_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_24344
Lung Cancer Risk Perception Among Older Smokers: a Cross-sectional Study
International Journal of Cancer Management
Zarghami, Fatemeh
Allahverdipour, Hamid
Jafarabadi, Mohammad Asghari
Population Health Sciences
Lung Cancer
Smokers
Regression Analysis
Health Risk Behaviors
Background: Lung cancer is one of the deadliest cancers around the world. Also, scientific evidence proves the considerably lower lung cancer risk perceptions of smokers compared to non-smokers. Objectives: This study aimed at assessing the risk perception of smokers about their risk to contract lung cancer and their perceptions about lung cancer survival. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the data were collected from 215 smokers in Tabriz, Iran, between April 2019 and July 2019. The data collection tool was designed, using validated questionnaires and contained questions on the perceived risk of smokers to develop lung cancer and their perception of lung cancer survival. A general linear model was conducted to model the relationship of risk perception with underlying predictors considering a significance level of 0.1. Results: The results of modeling indicated that perceived susceptibility (P-Sus) was negatively related to "years smoked" in simple regression (B = -0.035, P = 0.069) and multiple regression (B = -0.069, P = 0.007). P-Sus was also negatively related to the variable "age" in the age category of 45 to 50 years (B = -1.981, P = 0.046). Moreover, perceived severity (P-Sev) was negatively related to the variable "sex" (B = -1.037, P = 0.068). The results of the Spearman correlation indicated significant and direct correlations between "quitting intention" and P-Sus (r = 0.296, P < 0.001), P-Sev (r = 0.162, P = 0.009). Conclusions: Lung cancer risk perception of participants was moderately above the average and significant correlations were observed between "quitting intention" and "P-Sus" and "P-Sev" and "Risk Perception score". This could be utilized in developing educational programs to promote awareness about lung cancer, especially for smokers.
Iran's National Elites Foundation, Center for International Science and Technology Cooperation (CISTC)
Published version
This study was supported by Iran's National Elites Foundation, Center for International Science and Technology Cooperation (CISTC).
2021-08-04T12:27:43Z
2021-08-04T12:27:43Z
2021-01-11
Article - Refereed
Text
StillImage
2538-4422
e100393
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104568
https://doi.org/10.5812/ijcm.100393
14
1
2538-497X
en
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1093182023-11-29T11:20:12Zcom_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_103712com_10919_25796com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_78630col_10919_78882col_10919_103713col_10919_24344
SARS-CoV-2 Survival in Common Non-Alcoholic and Alcoholic Beverages
Foods
Jia, Mo
Joyce, Jonathan D.
Bertke, Andrea S.
SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, is known to be transmitted by respiratory droplets and aerosols. Since the virus is shed at high concentrations in respiratory secretions and saliva, SARS-CoV-2 would also be expected to be transmitted through activities that involve the transfer of saliva from one individual to another, such as kissing or sharing beverages. To assess the survival of infectious SARS-CoV-2 in common beverages, we quantified infectious virus by plaque assays one hour after inoculation into 18 non-alcoholic and 16 alcoholic beverages, plus saliva, and also 7 days later for 5 of these beverages. SARS-CoV-2 remains infectious with minimal reductions in several common beverages, including milk and beer. However, cocoa, coffee, tea, fruit juices, and wine contain antiviral compounds that inactivate SARS-CoV-2. Although hard liquors containing 40% alcohol immediately inactivate SARS-CoV-2, mixing with non-alcoholic beverages reduces the antiviral effects. In summary, SARS-CoV-2 can be recovered from commonly consumed beverages in a beverage type and time-dependent manner. Although aerosol or droplet transmission remains the most likely mode of transmission, our findings combined with others suggest that beverages contaminated with SARS-CoV-2 during handling, serving, or through sharing of drinks should be considered as a potential vehicle for virus transmission.
Published version
2022-03-11T13:35:37Z
2022-03-11T13:35:37Z
2022-03-10
2022-03-10T14:18:39Z
Article - Refereed
Text
Jia, M.; Joyce, J.D.; Bertke, A.S. SARS-CoV-2 Survival in Common Non-Alcoholic and Alcoholic Beverages. Foods 2022, 11, 802.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/109318
https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11060802
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1137852023-11-29T12:09:37Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_103712com_10919_25796com_10919_23965com_10919_5557com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_78882col_10919_103713col_10919_24280col_10919_24344col_10919_23146
Oral Sampling of Little Brown Bat (Myotis lucifugus) Maternity Colonies for SARS-CoV-2 in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic, USA
Animals
Moran, Megan L.
Boyd, William
De La Cruz, Jesse L.
Bertke, Andrea S.
Ford, W. Mark
The potential introduction of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, into North American bat populations is of interest to wildlife managers due to recent disease-mediated declines of several species. Populations of little brown bats (<i>Myotis lucifugus</i>) have collapsed due to white-nose syndrome (WNS), a disease caused by the introduction and spread of the fungal pathogen <i>Pseudogymnoascus destructans</i> (<i>Pd</i>). Throughout much of the United States and southern Canada, large colonies of the species routinely established diurnal roosts in anthropogenic structures, thereby creating the potential for direct human contact and cross-species disease transmission. Given recent declines and the potential for further disease impacts, we collected oral swabs from eight little brown bat maternity colonies to assess the presence and prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 by RT-qPCR analysis. Little brown bat colonies in Maryland (<i>n</i> = 1), New Hampshire (<i>n</i> = 1), New Jersey (<i>n</i> = 2), New York (<i>n</i> = 1), Rhode Island (<i>n</i> = 2), and Virginia (<i>n</i> = 1) were taken during May-August, 2022. From 235 assayed individuals, no bat tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Our results indicate that little brown bats may not contract SARS-CoV-2 or that the virus persists at undetectable levels in populations of the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast during summer months. Nonetheless, continued monitoring and future work addressing other seasons may still be warranted to conclusively determine infection status.
Published version
2023-02-10T14:46:35Z
2023-02-10T14:46:35Z
2023-02-04
2023-02-10T14:28:50Z
Article - Refereed
Text
Moran, M.L.; Boyd, W.; De La Cruz, J.L.; Bertke, A.S.; Ford, W.M. Oral Sampling of Little Brown Bat (Myotis lucifugus) Maternity Colonies for SARS-CoV-2 in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic, USA. Animals 2023, 13, 550.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/113785
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13040550
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/884052023-11-29T11:27:56Zcom_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24222com_10919_5532com_10919_25796com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_78630col_10919_18629col_10919_24298col_10919_25797col_10919_24344
Impact of demographic disparities in social distancing and vaccination on influenza epidemics in urban and rural regions of the United States
BMC Infectious Diseases
Singh, Meghendra
Sarkhel, Prasenjit
Kang, Gloria J.
Marathe, Achla
Boyle, Kevin J.
Murray-Tuite, Pamela
Abbas, Kaja M.
Swarup, Samarth
Agricultural and Applied Economics
Population Health Sciences
Fralin Life Sciences Institute
Background
Self-protective behaviors of social distancing and vaccination uptake vary by demographics and affect the transmission dynamics of influenza in the United States. By incorporating the socio-behavioral differences in social distancing and vaccination uptake into mathematical models of influenza transmission dynamics, we can improve our estimates of epidemic outcomes. In this study we analyze the impact of demographic disparities in social distancing and vaccination on influenza epidemics in urban and rural regions of the United States.
Methods
We conducted a survey of a nationally representative sample of US adults to collect data on their self-protective behaviors, including social distancing and vaccination to protect themselves from influenza infection. We incorporated this data in an agent-based model to simulate the transmission dynamics of influenza in the urban region of Miami Dade county in Florida and the rural region of Montgomery county in Virginia.
Results
We compare epidemic scenarios wherein the social distancing and vaccination behaviors are uniform versus non-uniform across different demographic subpopulations. We infer that a uniform compliance of social distancing and vaccination uptake among different demographic subpopulations underestimates the severity of the epidemic in comparison to differentiated compliance among different demographic subpopulations. This result holds for both urban and rural regions.
Conclusions
By taking into account the behavioral differences in social distancing and vaccination uptake among different demographic subpopulations in analysis of influenza epidemics, we provide improved estimates of epidemic outcomes that can assist in improved public health interventions for prevention and control of influenza.
Published version
2019-03-11T12:05:13Z
2019-03-11T12:05:13Z
2019-03-04
2019-03-10T04:20:34Z
Article - Refereed
Text
BMC Infectious Diseases. 2019 Mar 04;19(1):221
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/88405
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-3703-2
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Author(s)
application/pdf
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oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1096262022-04-12T07:25:45Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24233com_10919_5532com_10919_24262com_10919_5559com_10919_79468com_10919_78628col_10919_78882col_10919_24308col_10919_24344col_10919_79471
Understanding the Relationship between Food Security and Mental Health for Food-Insecure Mothers in Virginia
Nutrients
Liebe, Rachel A.
Adams, Leah M.
Hedrick, Valisa E.
Serrano, Elena L.
Porter, Kathleen J.
Cook, Natalie E.
Misyak, Sarah A.
Food insecurity, which disproportionately impacts mothers, can have chronic consequences on physical and mental health. There is a relationship between food insecurity and mental health, but the relationship’s mechanisms are unclear. This study aimed to understand how mental health outcomes differ by food insecurity severity and race among Virginia mothers. A cross-sectional survey employed previously validated food security status measures, physical and mental health, social support, and food coping strategies. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman’s rank-order correlations, linear regression, and chi-squared with effect sizes. Overall, respondents (<i>n</i> = 1029) reported worse mental health than the U.S. average (44.3 ± 10.1 and 50, respectively). There was a large effect of food security on mental health (<i>d</i> = 0.6), with worse mental health outcomes for mothers experiencing very low food security (VLFS) than low food security (LFS; <i>p</i> < 0.001). There was a small effect of race on mental health (φ<sub>c</sub> = 0.02), with Black mothers having better mental health than White mothers (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Compared to mothers experiencing LFS, mothers experiencing VLFS had less social support (<i>d</i> = 0.5) and used more food coping strategies, especially financial strategies (<i>d</i> = −1.5; <i>p</i> < 0.001). This study suggests that food-insecure mothers experience stressors and lack adequate social support, which is even more distinct for mothers experiencing VLFS.
Published version
2022-04-11T14:37:01Z
2022-04-11T14:37:01Z
2022-04-02
2022-04-11T13:59:10Z
Article - Refereed
Text
Liebe, R.A.; Adams, L.M.; Hedrick, V.E.; Serrano, E.L.; Porter, K.J.; Cook, N.E.; Misyak, S.A. Understanding the Relationship between Food Security and Mental Health for Food-Insecure Mothers in Virginia. Nutrients 2022, 14, 1491.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/109626
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14071491
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
Virginia
United States
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1004802023-12-15T15:20:56Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_111734com_10919_25796com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_111736col_10919_24344
Coupled Human-Natural Modeling for Hydroelectric Development: Understanding the Health Impacts of America’s Renewable Energy Imports
Calder, Ryan S. D.
Valerino, Michael
Population Health Sciences
Global Change Center
Hydropower accounts for 71% of renewable electrical generation worldwide, and installed capacity may more than double by 2050. Major hydroelectric projects involve construction of reservoirs to buffer the periodicity of river discharge, meaning hydropower typically does not suffer from supply intermittency of other renewables such as wind and solar. Meanwhile, average greenhouse gas emissions are likely substantially lower than fossil fuel alternatives per unit energy produced. Domestic hydropower production in the United States is unlikely to increase substantially in the foreseeable future, but imports from Canada play an increasingly important role in achieving renewable energy targets in northern U.S. markets....
Accepted version
2020-10-13T22:13:36Z
2020-10-13T22:13:36Z
2019
2020-10-13T22:13:36Z
Book chapter
Chapter
Text
Calder, RSD (2019). 'Coupled human-natural modeling for hydroelectric development: understanding the health impacts of America's renewable energy imports' in Valerino, M (Ed.) Challenges to a Sustainable Future. Global Energy Access Network Case Study Volume III. Durham, NC: Duke University.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100480
3
Calder, Ryan [0000-0001-5618-9840]
en
Challenges to a Sustainable Future
Global Energy Access Network Case Studies
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Pages 8-17
application/pdf
application/pdf
Duke University
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/865872023-12-15T15:20:56Zcom_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_24344
Trade routes and plague transmission in pre-industrial Europe
Scientific Reports
Yue, Ricci P. H.
Lee, Harry F.
Wu, Connor Y. H.
yersinia-pestis
medieval england
history
climate
driven
populations
navigation
dynamics
rodents
spread
Numerous historical works have mentioned that trade routes were to blame for the spread of plague in European history, yet this relationship has never been tested by quantitative evidence. Here, we resolve the hypothetical role of trade routes through statistical analysis on the geo-referenced major trade routes in the early modern period and the 6,656 geo-referenced plague outbreak records in AD1347-1760. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) estimation results show that major trade routes played a dominant role in spreading plague in pre-industrial Europe. Furthermore, the negative correlation between plague outbreaks and their distance from major trade ports indicates the absence of a permanent plague focus in the inland areas of Europe. Major trade routes decided the major plague outbreak hotspots, while navigable rivers determined the geographic pattern of sporadic plague cases. A case study in Germany indicates that plague penetrated further into Europe through the local trade route network. Based on our findings, we propose the mechanism of plague transmission in historical Europe, which is imperative in demonstrating how pandemics were spread in recent human history.
Hui Oi-Chow Trust Fund [201502172003, 201602172006]; Research Grants Council of The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China [HKU745113H, 17610715]
This research was supported by the Hui Oi-Chow Trust Fund (201502172003 and 201602172006) and Research Grants Council of The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (HKU745113H and 17610715).
2019-01-03T15:49:23Z
2019-01-03T15:49:23Z
2017-10-11
Article - Refereed
Text
2045-2322
12973
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86587
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13481-2
7
29021541
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
10
application/pdf
application/pdf
Springer Nature
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1144852023-04-13T07:13:10Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_78882col_10919_24344
Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacteria Isolated from Freshwater Mussels in the Wildcat Creek Watershed, Indiana, United States
Antibiotics
Ekakoro, John E.
Guptill, Lynn F.
Hendrix, G. Kenitra
Dorsey, Lauren
Ruple, Audrey
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health crisis that threatens the health of humans and animals. The spread of resistance among species may occur through our shared environment. Prevention of AMR requires integrated monitoring systems, and these systems must account for the presence of AMR in the environment in order to be effective. The purpose of this study was to establish and pilot a set of procedures for utilizing freshwater mussels as a means of surveillance for microbes with AMR in Indiana waterways. One hundred and eighty freshwater mussels were sampled from three sites along the Wildcat Creek watershed in north-central Indiana. Specimens were evaluated for the presence of ESKAPE pathogens (<i>Enterococcus faecium</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Enterobacter</i> species), <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Campylobacter</i>, and <i>Salmonella</i> species, and the isolates were tested for antimicrobial resistance. A total of 24 bacterial isolates were obtained from tissue homogenates of freshwater mussels collected at a site directly downstream from Kokomo, Indiana. Of these, 17 were <i>Enterobacter</i> spp., five were <i>Escherichia coli</i>, one was <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and one was <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>. All isolates were resistant to three or more antimicrobial drug classes. Further work is necessary to determine the source of the bacterial species found in the mussels.
Published version
2023-04-12T16:26:56Z
2023-04-12T16:26:56Z
2023-04-08
2023-04-12T13:24:26Z
Article - Refereed
Text
Ekakoro, J.E.; Guptill, L.F.; Hendrix, G.K.; Dorsey, L.; Ruple, A. Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacteria Isolated from Freshwater Mussels in the Wildcat Creek Watershed, Indiana, United States. Antibiotics 2023, 12, 728.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/114485
https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12040728
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
Indiana
United States
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1160902023-08-24T07:13:31Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24259com_10919_5559com_10919_24261com_10919_24262col_10919_70873col_10919_24342col_10919_24343col_10919_24344
Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of orally administered acetaminophen (paracetamol) in adult horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
Mercer, Melissa A.
Davis, Jennifer L.
McKenzie, Harold C.
Messenger, Kristen M.
Schaefer, Emily
Council-Troche, R. McAlister
Werre, Stephen R.
acetaminophen
fever
horse
pyrexia
3009 Veterinary Sciences
30 Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences
Infectious Diseases
Hematology
Clinical Research
Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities
Emerging Infectious Diseases
Brain Disorders
Sepsis
Digestive Diseases
6.1 Pharmaceuticals
6 Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions
Animals
Horses
Endotoxemia
Horse Diseases
Acetaminophen
Chromatography, Liquid
Cross-Over Studies
Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Background: Acetaminophen has been evaluated in horses for treatment of musculoskeletal pain but not as an antipyretic. Objectives: To determine the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of acetaminophen compared to placebo and flunixin meglumine in adult horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia. Animals: Eight university owned research horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia. Methods: Randomized placebo controlled crossover study. Horses were treated with acetaminophen (30 mg/kg PO; APAP), flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg, PO; FLU), and placebo (PO; PLAC) 2 hours after administration of LPS. Plasma APAP was analyzed via LC-MS/MS. Serial CBC, lactate, serum amyloid A, heart rate and rectal temperature were evaluated. Serum IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α were evaluated by an equine-specific multiplex assay. Results: Mean maximum plasma APAP concentration was 13.97 ± 2.74 μg/mL within 0.6 ± 0.3 hour after administration. At 4 and 6 hours after treatment, both APAP (P = <.001, P =.03, respectively) and FLU (P =.0045 and P <.001, respectively) had a significantly greater decrease in rectal temperature compared to placebo. FLU caused greater heart rate reduction than APAP at 4 and 6 hours (P =.004 and P =.04), and PLAC at 4 hours (P =.05) after treatment. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in endotoxemic horses differ from those reported by previous studies in healthy horses. Acetaminophen is an option for antipyresis in clinical cases, particularly when administration of traditional NSAIDs is contraindicated.
Published version
2023-08-23T13:21:20Z
2023-08-23T13:21:20Z
2023-03-01
2023-08-22T18:19:02Z
Article - Refereed
Journal Article
Text
0891-6640
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/116090
https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16663
37
2
Mercer, Melissa [0000-0002-8112-5547]
McKenzie, Harold [0000-0001-8230-2237]
Davis, Jennifer [0000-0002-7930-4589]
Council-Troche, Roberto [0000-0002-5741-1535]
36840424
1939-1676
en
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36840424
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Pages 718-727
application/pdf
application/pdf
Wiley
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1129262022-12-17T08:29:46Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_24344
Total social costs and benefits of long-distance hydropower transmission
Environmental Science and Technology
Calder, Ryan S. D.
Robinson, Celine S.
Borsuk, Mark E.
Cost−benefit analysis
Decarbonization
Environmental impact assessment
Hydropower
Renewable energy
7 Affordable and Clean Energy
Increasing amounts of hydropower are being exported from Canada to the northern United States. Recently proposed projects would increase transmission capacity to U.S. population centers without increasing generation. This avoids generation-side impacts from hydroelectric development and introduces power to the U.S. energy mix that is dispatchable, unlike wind and solar, with greenhouse gas emissions generally lower than those of fossil fuels. There is, however, a lack of analysis comparing high upfront capital costs to social benefits and controversy over valuation of social costs of hydropower from existing generation given the negligible marginal cost of production. This analysis evaluates direct and indirect costs in comparison to alternatives for a 1250 MW transmission line from Canada to New York City currently under development to replace the recent loss of ∼15 TWh year<sup>-1</sup> of nuclear generation. For the case study considered, we find that long-distance transmission avoids $13.2 billion ($12.1-14.4 billion) in total social costs by 2050. This includes $4.2 billion ($3.4-5.1 billion) from premature mortality in disproportionately Hispanic and African American or Black counties (roughly 306 avoided deaths). In an extensive sensitivity analysis, results are robust to all modeling choices other than the cost assigned to hydropower: the nominal dollar value of hydropower imports (payments from buyer to seller) commonly used in cost-benefit analysis leads to substantial underestimates of net benefits from transmission projects. The opportunity cost of these imports (e.g., environmental benefits foregone in alternative export markets) is a better metric for cost but is difficult to estimate.
Accepted version
2022-12-16T17:54:05Z
2022-12-16T17:54:05Z
2022-11-29
2022-12-16T16:45:18Z
Article - Refereed
Article
Text
0013-936X
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/112926
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c06221
Calder, Ryan [0000-0001-5618-9840]
36446025
1520-5851
en
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36446025
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
American Chemical Society
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1166482023-11-11T08:13:52Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24262com_10919_5559com_10919_24213com_10919_5553col_10919_70873col_10919_24344col_10919_24334
Alternative approaches for creating a wealth index: the case of Mozambique
BMJ Global Health
Xie, Kexin
Marathe, Achla
Deng, Xinwei
Ruiz-Castillo, Paula
Imputiua, Saimado
Elobolobo, Eldo
Mutepa, Victor
Sale, Mussa
Nicolas, Patricia
Montana, Julia
Jamisse, Edgar
Munguambe, Humberto
Materrula, Felisbela
Casellas, Aina
Rabinovich, Regina
Saute, Francisco
Chaccour, Carlos J.
Sacoor, Charfudin
Rist, Cassidy
public health
indices of health and disease and standardisation of rates
health services research
4203 Health Services and Systems
4206 Public Health
42 Health Sciences
8.4 Research design and methodologies (health services)
8 Health and social care services research
3 Good Health and Well Being
Humans
Health Surveys
Poverty
Africa
Mozambique
One Health
Introduction: The wealth index is widely used as a proxy for a household's socioeconomic position (SEP) and living standard. This work constructs a wealth index for the Mopeia district in Mozambique using data collected in year 2021 under the BOHEMIA (Broad One Health Endectocide-based Malaria Intervention in Africa) project. Methods: We evaluate the performance of three alternative approaches against the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) method based wealth index: feature selection principal components analysis (PCA), sparse PCA and robust PCA. The internal coherence between four wealth indices is investigated through statistical testing. Validation and an evaluation of the stability of the wealth index are performed with additional household income data from the BOHEMIA Health Economics Survey and the 2018 Malaria Indicator Survey data in Mozambique. Results: The Spearman's rank correlation between wealth index ventiles from four methods is over 0.98, indicating a high consistency in results across methods. Wealth rankings and households' income show a strong concordance with the area under the curve value of ∼0.7 in the receiver operating characteristic analysis. The agreement between the alternative wealth indices and the DHS wealth index demonstrates the stability in rankings from the alternative methods. Conclusions: This study creates a wealth index for Mopeia, Mozambique, and shows that DHS method based wealth index is an appropriate proxy for the SEP in low-income regions. However, this research recommends feature selection PCA over the DHS method since it uses fewer asset indicators and constructs a high-quality wealth index.
Published version
2023-11-10T20:28:03Z
2023-11-10T20:28:03Z
2023-08
2023-11-10T15:17:28Z
Article - Refereed
Article
Journal
Text
ARTN e012639 (Article number)
2059-7908
PMC10465889
bmjgh-2023-012639 (PII)
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/116648
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2023-012639
8
8
Deng, Xinwei [0000-0002-1560-2405]
Rist, Cassidy [0000-0002-7558-8094]
37643807
2059-7908
en
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37643807
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
10 page(s)
application/pdf
application/pdf
Mozambique
BMJ
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1129252022-12-17T08:29:45Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_24344
Integrated mechanistic and economic modeling of ecosystem services to inform land-use decisions under uncertainty
Calder, Ryan S. D.
Management of public lands in the United States is guided by site-specific objectives that can be synergistic or competing and that affect stakeholders unequally. Furthermore, actions available to land managers affect outcomes of interest in ways that are often incompletely understood. For example, in the United States, military bases variously serve as habitat for vulnerable or endangered species, provide flood protection to nearby communities, permit hunting and fishing, and sequester carbon from the atmosphere. Military bases and diverse other types of public lands provide other socially and economically relevant services that depend on certain biophysical conditions. Base managers and other policymakers seek tools to improve their understanding of (1) how alternative land-use practices may affect the range of biophysical outcomes of interest on and off the sites they manage; and (2) the total and relative economic importance of changes to those outcomes.
Yes, abstract only (Peer reviewed?)
2022-12-16T17:47:50Z
2022-12-16T17:47:50Z
2022-12-15
2022-12-16T16:43:43Z
Conference proceeding
Text
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/112925
Calder, Ryan [0000-0001-5618-9840]
en
In Copyright
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/820502023-11-29T12:27:57Zcom_10919_24227com_10919_5532com_10919_23747com_10919_5539com_10919_23966com_10919_5557com_10919_24262com_10919_5559com_10919_24256com_10919_5555com_10919_79468com_10919_78628col_10919_24302col_10919_23748col_10919_24330col_10919_24344col_10919_24323col_10919_79471
Environmental health disparities in the Central Appalachian region of the United States
Reviews on Environmental Health
Krometis, Leigh-Anne H.
Gohlke, Julia M.
Kolivras, Korine N.
Satterwhite, Emily M.
Marmagas, Susan West
Marr, Linsey C.
Civil and Environmental Engineering
Biological Systems Engineering
Geography
Population Health Sciences
Religion and Culture
air quality
Central Appalachia
coal mining
environmental health
health disparities
rural health
Water quality
Health disparities that cannot be fully explained by socio-behavioral factors persist in the Central Appalachian region of the United States. A review of available studies of environmental impacts on Appalachian health and analysis of recent public data indicates that while disparities exist, most studies of local environmental quality focus on the preservation of nonhuman biodiversity rather than on effects on human health. The limited public health studies available focus primarily on the impacts of coal mining and do not measure personal exposure, constraining the ability to identify causal relationships between environmental conditions and public health. Future efforts must engage community members in examining all potential sources of environmental health disparities to identify effective potential interventions.
Research funding: Funding for this research was provided by the Virginia Tech Institute for Society, Culture, and Environment; the Virginia Tech Global Change Center; and the Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science at Virginia Tech. Conflict of interest: Authors state no conflict of interest. Informed consent: Informed consent is not applicable. Ethical approval: The conducted research is not related to either human or animals use.
2018-02-09T18:10:20Z
2018-02-09T18:10:20Z
2017-09-26
Article - Refereed
Text
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82050
https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2017-0012
32
3
en
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
De Gruyter
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/774092023-12-15T15:20:57Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_24344
Spatial Big Data Analytics of Influenza Epidemic in Vellore, India
2014 IEEE International Conference On Big Data
Lopez, Daphne
Gunasekaran, M.
Murugan, B. Senthil
Kaur, Harpreet
Abbas, Kaja M.
Technology
Computer Science, Information Systems
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Computer Science
Engineering
disease forecasting
ecological niche model
epidemiology
geographically weighted regression
H1N1 influenza
MODELS
REGRESSION
TESTS
The study objective is to develop a big spatial data model to predict the epidemiological impact of influenza in Vellore, India. Large repositories of geospatial and health data provide vital statistics on surveillance and epidemiological metrics, and valuable insight into the spatiotemporal determinants of disease and health. The integration of these big data sources and analytics to assess risk factors and geospatial vulnerability can assist to develop effective prevention and control strategies for influenza epidemics and optimize allocation of limited public health resources. We used the spatial epidemiology data of the HIN1 epidemic collected at the National Informatics Center during 2009-2010 in Vellore. We developed an ecological niche model based on geographically weighted regression for predicting influenza epidemics in Vellore, India during 2013-2014. Data on rainfall, temperature, wind speed, humidity and population are included in the geographically weighted regression analysis. We inferred positive correlations for H1N1 influenza prevalence with rainfall and wind speed, and negative correlations for H1N1 influenza prevalence with temperature and humidity. We evaluated the results of the geographically weighted regression model in predicting the spatial distribution of the influenza epidemic during 2013-2014.
Published version
2017-04-14T02:00:33Z
2017-04-14T02:00:33Z
2014-01-01
Conference proceeding
Proceedings Paper
Meeting
Book
Text
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77409
Abbas, KM [0000-0003-0563-1576]
en
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000380462900219&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1
In Copyright
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
? - ? (6) page(s)
application/pdf
application/pdf
IEEE
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/973132021-10-07T16:37:26Zcom_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_24259com_10919_5559com_10919_24262col_10919_78630col_10919_24342col_10919_24344
Prevalence of zoonotic parasites in feral cats of Central Virginia, USA
Zoonoses and Public Health
Taetzsch, Sara J.
Gruszynski, Karen R.
Bertke, Andrea S.
Dubey, Jitender P.
Monti, Katelynn A.
Zajac, Anne M.
Lindsay, David S.
feral cat
parasite
Toxocara
Toxoplasma
Zoonotic
Felis catus, the domestic cat, is the definitive host for parasites that may result in adverse health outcomes in humans. Prevalence data of zoonotic parasites in feral cats, which are free-roaming domestic cats that are born and live in the wild, are limited. The objective of this study was to assess seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and copro-prevalence of potentially zoonotic parasites in feral cats and to evaluate risk factors for seropositivity and faecal excretion of parasites. In this cross-sectional survey, 275 feral cats at Trap-Neuter-Release clinics in Central Virginia were tested for parasites via faecal flotation, direct immunofluorescence assay (faeces) and modified agglutination testing (serum). Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence was 22.35% (95% CI: 17.47-27.86). Faecal prevalence of T.gondii-like oocysts was 1.04% (95% CI: 0.13-3.71), Toxocara cati 58.85% (95% CI: 51.54-65.89), Ancylostoma spp. 18.75% (95% CI: 13.49-25.00), Giardia duodenalis 5.73% (95% CI: 2.89-10.02) and Cryptosporidium spp. 3.33% (95% CI: 1.37-7.24). Female cats were more likely than males to excrete faecal Ancylostoma spp. eggs (OR 2.88; 95% CI 1.34-6.17). Adults were more likely than immature cats to be seropositive (OR 2.10; 95% CI: 1.11-3.97) and to excrete faecal Ancylostoma spp. eggs (OR 2.57; 95% CI: 1.10-5.99). However, immature cats were more likely than adults to excrete T.cati eggs (OR 6.79; 95% CI: 3.31-13.90) and to excrete one or more potentially zoonotic species (OR 4.67; 95% CI: 2.28-9.55) in faeces. Results of this study have implications for human and animal health and highlight the importance of collaboration between public health, medical and veterinary communities in preventive efforts.
Public domain – authored by a U.S. government employee
2020-03-11T17:21:21Z
2020-03-11T17:21:21Z
2018-09
Article - Refereed
Text
StillImage
1863-1959
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97313
https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12488
65
6
31348621
1863-2378
en
Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
Virginia
United States
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1008372023-12-15T15:20:57Zcom_10919_25796com_10919_23966com_10919_5557com_10919_24262com_10919_5559com_10919_79468com_10919_78628col_10919_25797col_10919_24330col_10919_24344col_10919_79471
A survey of quality of life indicators in the Romanian Roma population following the ‘Decade of Roma Inclusion’
F1000Research
Doherty, Rebecca Powell
Telionis, Pyrros A.
Müller-Demary, Daniel
Hosszu, Alexandra
Duminica, Ana
Bertke, Andrea S.
Lewis, Bryan L.
Eubank, Stephen G.
Roma
Romania
rural populations
Water quality
healthcare
development
global health
decade of Roma inclusion
Background: This study explores how the Roma in Romania, the EU’s most concentrated population, are faring in terms of a number of quality of life indicators, including poverty levels, healthcare, education, water, sanitation, and hygiene. It further explores the role of synthetic populations and modelling in identifying at-risk populations and delivering targeted aid.
Methods: 135 surveys were conducted across five geographically diverse Romanian communities. Household participants were selected through a comprehensive random walk method. Analyses were conducted on all data using Pandas for Python. Combining land scan data, time-use survey analyses, interview data, and ArcGIS, the resulting synthetic population was analysed via classification and regression tree (CART) analysis to identify hot-spots of need, both ethnically and geographically.
Results: These data indicate that the Roma in Romania face significant disparities in education, with Roma students less likely to progress beyond 8 th grade. In addition, the Roma population remains significantly disadvantaged with regard to safe and secure housing, poverty, and healthcare status, particularly in connection to diarrheal disease. In contrast, however, both Roma and non-Roma in rural areas face difficulties regarding full-time employment, sanitation, and water, sanitation, and hygiene infrastructure. In addition, the use of a synthetic population can generate information about ‘hot spots’ of need, based on geography, ethnicity, and type of aid required.
Conclusions: These data demonstrate the challenges that remain to the Roma population in Romania, and also point to the myriad of ways in which all rural Romanians, regardless of ethnicity, are encountering hardship. This study highlights an approach that combines traditional survey data with more wide-reaching geographically based data and CART analysis to determine ‘hot spot’ areas of need in a given population. With the appropriate inputs, this tool can be extrapolated to any population in any country.
This work has been partially supported by the National Institutes of Health and National Institute of General Medical Sciences - Models of Infectious Disease Agent Study Grant 5U01GM070694-13, the Defense Threat Reduction Agency - Comprehensive National Incident Management System Contract HDTRA1-11-D-0016-0001, and the Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine.
2020-11-11T15:40:44Z
2020-11-11T15:40:44Z
2019-09-18
Article - Refereed
Text
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100837
https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.12546.3
6
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
F1000Research
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/998712021-06-21T19:05:10Zcom_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24259com_10919_5559com_10919_24262col_10919_78630col_10919_18629col_10919_24342col_10919_24344
Nutritional status impacts dengue virus infection in mice
BMC Biology
Chuong, Christina
Bates, Tyler A.
Akter, Shamima
Werre, Stephen R.
LeRoith, Tanya
Weger-Lucarelli, James
Background
Dengue virus (DENV) is estimated to infect 390 million people annually. However, few host factors that alter disease severity are known. Malnutrition, defined as both over- and undernutrition, is a growing problem worldwide and has long been linked to dengue disease severity by epidemiological and anecdotal observations. Accordingly, we sought to establish a mouse model to assess the impact of nutritional status on DENV disease severity.
Results
Using transiently immunocompromised mice, we established a model of mild dengue disease with measurable viremia. We then applied it to study the effects of healthy weight, obese, and low-protein diets representing normal, over-, and undernutrition, respectively. Upon infection with DENV serotype 2, obese mice experienced more severe morbidity in the form of weight loss and thrombocytopenia compared to healthy weight groups. Additionally, obesity altered cytokine expression following DENV infection. Although low protein-fed mice did not lose significant weight after DENV2 infection, they also experienced a reduction in platelets as well as increased spleen pathology and viral titers.
Conclusions
Our results indicate that obese or undernourished mice incur greater disease severity after DENV infection. These studies establish a role for nutritional status in DENV disease severity.
Published version
2020-08-31T11:48:21Z
2020-08-31T11:48:21Z
2020-08-27
2020-08-30T03:24:57Z
Article - Refereed
Text
StillImage
BMC Biology. 2020 Aug 27;18(1):106
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99871
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-020-00828-x
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Author(s)
application/pdf
application/pdf
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/928792020-10-13T19:02:03Zcom_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_24344
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Disinfectant Footmats for the Reduction of Bacterial Contamination on Footwear in a Large Animal Veterinary Hospital
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
Hornig, K. J.
Burgess, B. A.
Saklou, N. T.
Johnson, V.
Malmlov, A.
Van Metre, D. C.
Morley, P. S.
Byers, S. R.
Biosecurity
Cleaning and disinfection
Infection control
Background: Infection control is critical to providing high-quality patient care. Many veterinary teaching hospitals (VTHs) utilize footbaths or footmats at entrances and key control points throughout the facility to decrease trafficking of pathogenic microorganism on contaminated footwear. Hypothesis/Objectives: To compare efficacy of 4 disinfectants used in footmats for decreasing bacterial contamination of footwear in a large animal hospital. Animals: A single adult dairy cow was housed in a stall for 4 days to facilitate stall contamination with fecal material. Methods: Overboots were experimentally contaminated with organic material in a standardized manner. Each boot was randomly assigned to 1 of 5 treatments (no treatment, or exposure to 1 of 4 disinfectants: an accelerated peroxygen [AHP], a peroxygen [VIRKON], a quaternary ammonium [QUAT], and a phenolic disinfectant [PHENOLIC]) by stepping on a soaked footmat and collecting samples from boot soles. Generalized linear modeling was used to analyze differences in bacterial counts. Results: Reductions in colony-forming units (CFUs) on treated boots ranged from no detectable reduction to 0.45 log(10) and varied by disinfectant. Percentage reductions in total bacterial counts generally were larger (albeit still modest) for AHP and QUAT disinfectants (range 37-45%) and smallest for the PHENOLIC (no detectable reduction). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: In general, use of disinfectant footmats was associated with significant reductions in viable bacteria on overboots-albeit with variable efficacy. Footmats may be useful adjuncts to cleaning and disinfection programs for decreasing trafficking of microorganisms throughout VTHs but should not be considered as a sole prevention method.
Animal Health & Disease Grant from College Research Council, Colorado State University; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University
This study was supported by an Animal Health & Disease Grant from the College Research Council, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University.
2019-08-07T18:40:01Z
2019-08-07T18:40:01Z
2016-11
Article - Refereed
Text
StillImage
0891-6640
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/92879
https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.14576
30
6
27731908
1939-1676
en
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/752022023-12-15T15:20:57Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_24344
Different mechanisms regulate productive herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 infections in adult trigeminal neurons
Journal of Virology
Bertke, Andrea S.
Ma, AyeAye
Margolis, Mathew S.
Margolis, Todd P.
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 establish latency in different neuronal subtypes (A5+ and KH10+) in murine trigeminal ganglia, results which correlate with restricted productive infection in these neurons in vitro. HSV-2 latency-associated transcript (LAT) contains a cis-acting regulatory element near the transcription start site that promotes productive infection in A5+ neurons and a second element in exon 1 that inhibits productive infection in KH10+ neurons. HSV-1 contains no such regulatory sequences, demonstrating different mechanisms for regulating productive HSV infection in neurons.
Published version
< AUDIENCE: International >< REFEREED: Yes >< PUBLICAVAIL: Yes >< FULL_TEXT: asbertke/intellcont/2013 Different mechanisms regulate productive HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections in adult trigeminal neurons-1.pdf >< USER_REFERENCE_CREATOR: Yes >< PUB_END: 2013-03-20 >< DTx_PUB: 20/03/2013 >
2017-02-28T23:33:51Z
2017-02-28T23:33:51Z
2013-03-20
Article - Refereed
Text
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/75202
https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00383-13
Bertke, Andrea S. [0000-0002-8941-8010]
en
In Copyright
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/774112023-12-15T15:20:57Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_24344
Rethinking health systems strengthening: key systems thinking tools and strategies for transformational change
Health Policy and Planning
Swanson, R. Chad
Cattaneo, Aadriano
Bradley, Elizabeth
Chunharas, Somsak
Atun, Rifat
Abbas, Kaja M.
Katsaliaki, Korina
Mustafee, Navonil
Mason Meier, Benjamin
Best, Allan
Health Care Sciences & Services
Health Policy & Services
Health systems strengthening
systems thinking
global health
PUBLIC-HEALTH
SCIENCE
POLICY
PRINCIPLES
MANAGEMENT
KNOWLEDGE
IMPROVE
WORLD
CARE
While reaching consensus on future plans to address current global health challenges is far from easy, there is broad agreement that reductionist approaches that suggest a limited set of targeted interventions to improve health around the world are inadequate. We argue that a comprehensive systems perspective should guide health practice, education, research and policy. We propose key ‘systems thinking’ tools and strategies that have the potential for transformational change in health systems. Three overarching themes span these tools and strategies: collaboration across disciplines, sectors and organizations; ongoing, iterative learning; and transformational leadership. The proposed tools and strategies in this paper can be applied, in varying degrees, to every organization within health systems, from families and communities to national ministries of health. While our categorization is necessarily incomplete, this initial effort will provide a valuable contribution to the health systems strengthening debate, as the need for a more systemic, rigorous perspective in health has never been greater.
Published version
2017-04-14T02:02:12Z
2017-04-14T02:02:12Z
2012-10-01
Editorial
Text
0268-1080
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77411
https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czs090
27
Abbas, KM [0000-0003-0563-1576]
en
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000309464500007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1
In Copyright
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
54 - 61 (8) page(s)
application/pdf
application/pdf
Oxford University Press
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1141292023-03-21T07:11:52Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24262com_10919_5559com_10919_24263col_10919_70873col_10919_24344col_10919_24345
Veterinary medical student perceptions of companion animal primary care as a career choice over an academic year
Frontiers in Veterinary Science
Nappier, Michael T.
Corrigan, Virginia K.
Borowski, Shelby
Lusk, Danielle
Career choice
Companion animal
General practice
Perception
Primary care
Veterinary students
Despite companion animal primary care being the most common career choice for veterinarians, relatively little is known about students' perception of this career choice. In this study, the authors examined students' (233 at Time 1 and 119 at Time 2) perceptions of careers in companion animal primary care and whether perceptions changed over the course of an academic year or differed by year in veterinary school. The study was conducted by an online questionnaire sent to the student email listserv and the results analyzed by Mixed ANOVAs for each perception outcome. The study concluded that a majority of veterinary students have companion animal primary care as their preferred career choice and have a positive perception of it as a career choice. This positive perception increased over the course of an academic year, but did not differ significantly by year in school. First year students had a decrease in perception of level of training over time. This study sets a baseline for students' perceptions of companion animal primary care as a career choice at one college of veterinary medicine.
Published version
2023-03-20T19:05:26Z
2023-03-20T19:05:26Z
2022-09-16
2023-03-20T15:28:54Z
Article - Refereed
Journal Article
Text
2297-1769
PMC9523915
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/114129
https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.989678
9
Nappier, Michael [0000-0003-0373-3309]
36187814
2297-1769
en
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36187814
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
application/pdf
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Frontiers
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1045692023-11-29T12:28:32Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_23966com_10919_5557com_10919_24262com_10919_5559com_10919_24213com_10919_5553col_10919_70873col_10919_24330col_10919_24344col_10919_24334
Maternal proximity to Central Appalachia surface mining and birth outcomes
Environmental epidemiology
Buttling, Lauren G.
McKnight, Molly Xi
Kolivras, Korine N.
Ranganathan, Shyam
Gohlke, Julia M.
Population Health Sciences
Statistics
Geography
Appalachia
Birth outcomes
Birthweight
Coal
Low birth weight
Preterm birth
Surface mining
Maternal residency in Central Appalachia counties with coal production has been previously associated with increased rates of low birth weight (LBW). To refine the relationship between surface mining and birth outcomes, this study employs finer spatiotemporal estimates of exposure.<h4>Methods</h4>We developed characterizations of annual surface mining boundaries in Central Appalachia between 1986 and 2015 using Landsat data. Maternal address on birth records was geocoded and assigned amount of surface mining within a 5 km radius of residence (street-level). Births were also assigned the amount of surface mining within residential ZIP code tabulation area (ZCTA). Associations between exposure to active mining during gestation year and birth weight, LBW, preterm birth (PTB), and term low birth weight (tLBW) were determined, adjusting for outcome rates before active mining and available covariates.<h4>Results</h4>The percent of land actively mined within a 5 km buffer of residence (or ZCTA) was negatively associated with birth weight (5 km: β = -14.07 g; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -19.35, -8.79, <i>P</i> = 1.79 × 10<sup>-7</sup>; ZCTA: β = -9.93 g; 95% CI = -12.54, -7.33, <i>P</i> = 7.94 × 10<sup>-14</sup>). We also found positive associations between PTB and active mining within 5 km (odds ratio [OR] = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.03, 1.09, <i>P</i> = 1.43 × 10<sup>-4</sup>) and within ZCTA (OR = 1.04; 95% CI = 1.03, 1.06, <i>P</i> = 9.21 × 10<sup>-8</sup>). Positive relationships were also found between amount of active mining within 5 km or ZIP code of residence and LBW and tLBW outcomes.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Maternal residency near active surface mining during gestation may increase risk of PTB and LBW.
Published version
2021-08-04T14:47:36Z
2021-08-04T14:47:36Z
2021-02
2021-08-04T14:47:33Z
Article - Refereed
research-article
Journal Article
Text
2474-7882
PMC7939414 (pmc)
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104569
https://doi.org/10.1097/ee9.0000000000000128
5
1
33778360 (pubmed)
2474-7882
en
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33778360
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Pages e128
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Wolters Kluwer Health
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1150712023-05-17T07:14:05Zcom_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_24344
Antimicrobial susceptibility and risk factors for resistance among Escherichia coli isolated from canine specimens submitted to a diagnostic laboratory in Indiana, 2010-2019
Plos One
Ekakoro, John E.
Hendrix, G. Kenitra
Guptill, Lynn F.
Ruple, Audrey
Veterinary-medicine
dogs
prevalence
bacteria
patterns
therapy
trends
cats
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most common Gram-negative pathogen isolated in human infections. Antimicrobial resistant (AMR) E. coli originating from dogs may directly or indirectly cause disease in humans. The objective of this study was to calculate the proportion of antimicrobial susceptible E. coli isolated from canine specimens submitted to the Indiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and to identify temporal patterns of susceptibility among these isolates. Susceptibility data of 2,738 E. coli isolates from dogs from 2010 through 2019 were used in this study. Proportions of isolates susceptible to the various antimicrobials were calculated using SAS statistical software and the Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to investigate the temporal trends in susceptibility. A multivariable binary logistic regression model was built to investigate the association between host factors and AMR. Overall, 553/2,738 (20.2%) of the isolates were susceptible to 17 of the 27 antimicrobials examined. Of the 2,638 isolates examined for amikacin susceptibility, 2,706 (97.5%) were susceptible, 2,657/2,673 (99.4%) isolates were susceptible to imipenem, and 2,099/2,670 (78.6%) were susceptible to marbofloxacin. A significant decreasing trend in susceptibility was observed for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (P<0.0001), ampicillin (P<0.0001), Cefazolin (P<0.0001), ceftazidime (P = 0.0067), chloramphenicol (P<0.0001), and orbifloxacin (P = 0.008). The overall percentage of AMR isolates (isolates not susceptible to at least one antimicrobial) was 61.7% (1,690/2,738) and 29.3% (801/2,738) of isolates were multidrug resistant. Multivariable regression analyses showed significant associations between AMR and age (P = 0.0091), breed (P = 0.0008), and sample isolation site/source (P<0.0001). The decreasing trend in the proportion of isolates susceptible to several beta-lactam antimicrobials suggests that resistance of Escherichia coli in dogs to these antimicrobials could be increasing in Indiana. The decreasing trend in susceptibility to these drugs could be due to selection pressure from antimicrobial use.
Integrative Data Science Initiative at Purdue University
Published version
The Integrative Data Science Initiative at Purdue University (https://www.purdue.edu/data-science/) provided funding to AR for this work and JE was provided salary using these funds. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
2023-05-16T15:06:49Z
2023-05-16T15:06:49Z
2022-08
Article - Refereed
Text
e0263949
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/115071
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263949
17
8
36001634
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
Public Library of Science
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1050632021-09-28T07:11:45Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_18629col_10919_24344
A community-engaged approach to understanding environmental health concerns and solutions in urban and rural communities
BMC Public Health
Wang, Suwei
Richardson, Molly B.
Evans, Mary B.
Johnson, Ethel
Threadgill-Matthews, Sheryl
Tyson, Sheila
White, Katherine L.
Gohlke, Julia M.
Population Health Sciences
Background
Focus groups and workshops can be used to gain insights into the persistence of and potential solutions for environmental health priorities in underserved areas. The objective of this study was to characterize focus group and workshop outcomes of a community-academic partnership focused on addressing environmental health priorities in an urban and a rural location in Alabama between 2012 and 2019.
Methods
Six focus groups were conducted in 2016 with 60 participants from the City of Birmingham (urban) and 51 participants from Wilcox County (rural), Alabama to discuss solutions for identified environmental health priorities based on previous focus group results in 2012. Recorded focus groups were transcribed and analyzed using the grounded theory approach. Four follow-up workshops that included written survey instruments were conducted to further explore identified priorities and determine whether the priorities change over time in the same urban (68 participants) and rural (72 participants) locations in 2018 and 2019.
Results
Consistent with focus groups in 2012, all six focus groups in 2016 in Birmingham identified abandoned houses as the primary environmental priority. Four groups listed attending city council meetings, contacting government agencies and reporting issues as individual-level solutions. Identified city-level solutions included city-led confiscation, tearing down and transferring of abandoned property ownership. In Wilcox County, all six groups agreed the top priority was drinking water quality, consistent with results in 2012. While the priority was different in Birmingham versus Wilcox County, the top identified reason for problem persistence was similar, namely unresponsive authorities. Additionally, individual-level solutions identified by Wilcox County focus groups were similar to Birmingham, including contacting and pressuring agencies and developing petitions and protesting to raise awareness, while local policy-level solutions identified in Wilcox County included government-led provision of grants to improve septic systems, and transparency in allocation of funds. Workshops in 2018 and 2019 further emphasized water quality as the top priority in Wilcox County, while participants in Birmingham transitioned from abandoned houses as a top priority in 2018 to drinking water quality as a new priority in 2019.
Conclusions
Applying a community-engaged approach in both urban and rural locations provided better understanding of the unique opportunities and challenges for identifying potential interventions for environmental health priorities in both locations. Results can help inform future efforts to address locally defined environmental health issues and solutions.
Published version
2021-09-27T11:45:07Z
2021-09-27T11:45:07Z
2021-09-24
2021-09-26T03:10:31Z
Article - Refereed
Text
BMC Public Health. 2021 Sep 24;21(1):1738
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/105063
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11799-1
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Author(s)
application/pdf
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oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1156952023-12-15T15:20:57Zcom_10919_24227com_10919_5532com_10919_23747com_10919_5539com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_24302col_10919_23748col_10919_24344
Microbiological and chemical drinking water contaminants and associated health outcomes in rural Appalachia, USA: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Science of the Total Environment
Darling, Amanda
Patton, Hannah
Rasheduzzaman, Md
Guevara, Rachel
McCray, Joshua
Krometis, Leigh-Anne H.
Cohen, Alasdair
Water contamination
Rural health
Pathogens
Heavy metals
Appalachia
In rural areas of the United States, an estimated ~1.8 million people lack reliable access to safe drinking water. Considering the relative dearth of information on water contamination and health outcomes in Appalachia, we conducted a systematic review of studies of microbiological and chemical drinking water contamination and associated health outcomes in rural Appalachia. We pre-registered our protocols, limiting eligibility to primary data studies published from 2000 to 2019, and searched four databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library). We used qualitative syntheses, meta-analyses, risk of bias analysis, and meta-regression to assess reported findings, with reference to US EPA drinking water standards. Of the 3452 records identified for screening, 85 met our eligibility criteria. 93 % of eligible studies (n = 79) used cross-sectional designs. Most studies were conducted in Northern (32 %, n = 27) and North Central (24 %, n = 20) Appalachia, and only 6 % (n = 5) were conducted exclusively in Central Appalachia. Across studies, E. coli were detected in 10.6 % of samples (sample-size-weighted mean percentage from 4671 samples, 14 publications). Among chemical contaminants, sample-size-weighted mean concentrations for arsenic were 0.010 mg/L (n = 21,262 samples, 6 publications), and 0.009 mg/L for lead (n = 23,259, 5 publications). 32 % (n = 27) of studies assessed health outcomes, but only 4.7 % (n = 4) used case-control or cohort designs (all others were cross-sectional). The most commonly reported outcomes were detection of PFAS in blood serum (n = 13), gastrointestinal illness (n = 5), and cardiovascular-related outcomes (n = 4). Of the 27 studies that assessed health outcomes, 62.9 % (n = 17) appeared to be associated with water contamination events that had received national media attention. Overall, based on the number and quality of eligible studies identified, we could not reach clear conclusions about the state of water quality, or its impacts on health, in any of Appalachia's subregions. More epidemiologic research is needed to understand contaminated water sources, exposures, and potentially associated health outcomes in Appalachia.
Accepted version
2023-07-10T12:51:47Z
2023-07-10T12:51:47Z
2023-09
Article - Refereed
Text
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/115695
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164036
892
en
In Copyright
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
United States
Elsevier
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1162972023-09-20T07:12:43Zcom_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_24344
Adverse Health Outcomes Following Hurricane Harvey: A Comparison of Remotely-Sensed and Self-Reported Flood Exposure Estimates
Geohealth
Ramesh, Balaji
Callender, Rashida
Zaitchik, Benjamin F.
Jagger, Meredith
Swarup, Samarth
Gohlke, Julia M.
flood exposure assessment
remote sensing
disaster recovery
self-reported versus remote-sensed flood exposure
adverse health outcomes
Hurricane Harvey
Remotely sensed inundation may help to rapidly identify areas in need of aid during and following floods. Here we evaluate the utility of daily remotely sensed flood inundation measures and estimate their congruence with self-reported home flooding and health outcomes collected via the Texas Flood Registry (TFR) following Hurricane Harvey. Daily flood inundation for 14 days following the landfall of Hurricane Harvey was acquired from FloodScan. Flood exposure, including number of days flooded and flood depth was assigned to geocoded home addresses of TFR respondents (N = 18,920 from 47 counties). Discordance between remotely-sensed flooding and self-reported home flooding was measured. Modified Poisson regression models were implemented to estimate risk ratios (RRs) for adverse health outcomes following flood exposure, controlling for potential individual level confounders. Respondents whose home was in a flooded area based on remotely-sensed data were more likely to report injury (RR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.27-1.77), concentration problems (1.36, 95% CI: 1.25-1.49), skin rash (1.31, 95% CI: 1.15-1.48), illness (1.29, 95% CI: 1.17-1.43), headaches (1.09, 95% CI: 1.03-1.16), and runny nose (1.07, 95% CI: 1.03-1.11) compared to respondents whose home was not flooded. Effect sizes were larger when exposure was estimated using respondent-reported home flooding. Near-real time remote sensing-based flood products may help to prioritize areas in need of assistance when on the ground measures are not accessible.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Applied Sciences Program [80NSSC18K1594, 80NSSC22K1048]
Published version
This study was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Applied Sciences Program Grants 80NSSC18K1594 and 80NSSC22K1048. The authors appreciate Hien Le, Director of Data Operations, Rice University for his assistance with processing and analysis of the data on the Urban Data Platform. We thank Judith Schwartzbaum, Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, for her comments on this article.
2023-09-19T14:51:42Z
2023-09-19T14:51:42Z
2023-04
Article - Refereed
Text
2471-1403
e2022GH000710
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/116297
https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GH000710
7
4
37091294
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
American Geophysical Union
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1064322023-11-29T12:28:36Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_24227com_10919_5532com_10919_98410com_10919_25796com_10919_23747com_10919_5539com_10919_23966com_10919_5557com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_78630col_10919_24302col_10919_98411col_10919_23748col_10919_24330col_10919_24344
Anticipating and adapting to the future impacts of climate change on the health, security and welfare of low elevation coastal zone (LECZ) communities in Southeastern USA
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Allen, Thomas
Behr, Joshua
Bukvic, Anamaria
Calder, Ryan S. D.
Caruson, Kiki
Connor, Charles
D'Elia, Christopher
Dismukes, David
Ersing, Robin
Franklin, Rima
Goldstein, Jesse
Goodall, Jonathon
Hemmerling, Scott
Irish, Jennifer L.
Lazarus, Steven
Loftis, Derek
Luther, Mark
McCallister, Leigh
McGlathery, Karen
Mitchell, Molly
Moore, William B.
Nichols, C. Reid
Nunez, Karinna
Reidenbach, Matthew
Shortridge, Julie
Weisberg, Robert
Weiss, Robert
Donelson Wright, Lynn
Xia, Meng
Xu, Kehui
Young, Donald
Zarillo, Gary
Zinnert, Julie C.
Lee, Kenneth
0405 Oceanography
0704 Fisheries Sciences
0911 Maritime Engineering
Low elevation coastal zones (LECZ) are extensive throughout the southeastern United States. LECZ communities are threatened by inundation from sea level rise, storm surge, wetland degradation, land subsidence, and hydrological flooding. Communication among scientists, stakeholders, policy makers and minority and poor residents must improve. We must predict processes spanning the ecological, physical, social, and health sciences. Communities need to address linkages of (1) human and socioeconomic vulnerabilities; (2) public health and safety; (3) economic concerns; (4) land loss; (5) wetland threats; and (6) coastal inundation. Essential capabilities must include a network to assemble and distribute data and model code to assess risk and its causes, support adaptive management, and improve the resiliency of communities. Better communication of information and understanding among residents and officials is essential. Here we review recent background literature on these matters and offer recommendations for integrating natural and social sciences. We advocate for a cyber-network of scientists, modelers, engineers, educators, and stakeholders from academia, federal state and local agencies, non-governmental organizations, residents, and the private sector. Our vision is to enhance future resilience of LECZ communities by offering approaches to mitigate hazards to human health, safety and welfare and reduce impacts to coastal residents and industries.
Published version
2021-10-29T12:58:31Z
2021-10-29T12:58:31Z
2021-10-29
2021-10-29T12:58:29Z
Article - Refereed
Article
Text
2077-1312
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/106432
https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9111196
9
Calder, Ryan [0000-0001-5618-9840]
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Pages 1196-1196
application/pdf
application/pdf
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1123702022-11-04T07:14:05Zcom_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_24344
Global Health Impacts for Economic Models of Climate Change: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Annals of the American Thoracic Society
Cromar, Kevin R.
Anenberg, Susan C.
Balmes, John R.
Fawcett, Allen A.
Ghazipura, Marya
Gohlke, Julia M.
Hashizume, Masahiro
Howard, Peter
Lavigne, Eric
Levy, Karen
Madrigano, Jaime
Martinich, Jeremy A.
Mordecai, Erin A.
Rice, Mary B.
Saha, Shubhayu
Scovronick, Noah C.
Sekercioglu, Fatih
Svendsen, Erik R.
Zaitchik, Benjamin F.
Ewart, Gary
climate change
economic models
social cost of greenhouse gases
mortality
temperature
Rationale: Avoiding excess health damages attributable to climate change is a primary motivator for policy interventions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, the health benefits of climate mitigation, as included in the policy assessment process, have been estimated without much input from health experts. Objectives: In accordance with recommendations from the National Academies in a 2017 report on approaches to update the social cost of greenhouse gases (SC-GHG), an expert panel of 26 health researchers and climate economists gathered for a virtual technical workshop in May 2021 to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis and recommend improvements to the estimation of health impacts in economic-climate models. Methods: Regionally resolved effect estimates of unit increases in temperature on net all-cause mortality risk were generated through random-effects pooling of studies identified through a systematic review. Results: Effect estimates and associated uncertainties varied by global region, but net increases in mortality risk associated with increased average annual temperatures (ranging from 0.1% to 1.1% per 1 degrees C) were estimated for all global regions. Key recommendations for the development and utilization of health damage modules were provided by the expert panel and included the following: not relying on individual methodologies in estimating health damages; incorporating a broader range of cause-specific mortality impacts; improving the climate parameters available in economic models; accounting for socioeconomic trajectories and adaptation factors when estimating health damages; and carefully considering how air pollution impacts should be incorporated in economic-climate models. Conclusions: This work provides an example of how subject-matter experts can work alongside climate economists in making continued improvements to SC-GHG estimates.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Published version
Supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. The views expressed in this manuscript are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their employers, including the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Health Canada, and no official endorsement should be inferred.
2022-11-03T19:32:01Z
2022-11-03T19:32:01Z
2022-07
Article - Refereed
Text
1546-3222
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/112370
https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.202110-1193OC
19
7
35073249
2325-6621
en
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
American Thoracic Society
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1054152022-06-17T20:03:38Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_78629com_10919_78628com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_78630col_10919_24344
Antibiotic Use on Goat Farms: An Investigation of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors of Missouri Goat Farmers
Animals
Landfried, Lauren K.
Barnidge, Ellen K.
Pithua, Patrick
Lewis, Roger D.
Jacoby, Jonathan A.
King, Christopher C.
Baskin, Carole R.
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Veterinary Sciences
Agriculture
antibiotic use
goat farmers
farming practices
antibiotic resistant bacteria
veterinarian
RESISTANCE GENES
TETRACYCLINE
0502 Environmental Science and Management
0608 Zoology
0702 Animal Production
Use of low dose, prophylactic antibiotics contributes to the emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria. In one study, goat meat in Missouri was found to have a higher percentage of antibiotic residues at slaughter than the national average, so we attempted to identify factors related to goat production that may contribute to this issue. Using the knowledge, attitude, and behavior (KAB) model, we interviewed 11 Missouri goat farmers about factors affecting antibiotic use. Most of the farmers did not have specific protocols for managing illnesses and only relied on veterinarians for major health issues. Many felt veterinarians lacked knowledge about goat medicine so instead relied on other farmers’ or their own experiences for treatment modalities. While most agreed that antibiotic resistance was a concern, only 4 of the 11 indicated that they only used antibiotics when prescribed by the veterinarian. Veterinarians should be relied on and valued for their medical expertise, but they are not always being utilized in this manner. Therefore, veterinary education should emphasize goat health management to a greater extent than it currently does, and soft skills to build collaborative relationships with farmers should be taught to promote preventative health measures and more judicious use of antibiotics.
Published version
2021-10-19T12:31:45Z
2021-10-19T12:31:45Z
2018-11-01
2021-10-19T12:31:43Z
Article - Refereed
Article
Journal
Text
ARTN 198 (Article number)
2076-2615
ani8110198 (PII)
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/105415
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani8110198
8
11
Pithua, Patrick [0000-0002-2817-5772]
30404160
2076-2615
en
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000451300800013&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
12 page(s)
application/pdf
application/pdf
Missouri
United States
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1008732023-12-15T15:20:57Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_24344
Challenges to a Sustainable Energy Future
Viere, Erin
Chen, Junqin
Deng, Simeng
Hansen, Asger
Hiltbrand, Galen
Maddex, Sean
Lecaros, Santiago
Calder, Ryan S. D.
Valerino, Michael
Valerino, Michael
Population Health Sciences
renewable energy
international development
Hydropower accounts for 71% of renewable electrical generation worldwide, and installed capacity may more than double by 2050. Major hydroelectric projects involve construction of reservoirs to buffer the periodicity of river discharge, meaning hydropower typically does not suffer from supply intermittency of other renewables such as wind and solar. Meanwhile, average greenhouse gas emissions are likely substantially lower than fossil fuel alternatives per unit energy produced. Domestic hydropower production in the United States is unlikely to increase substantially in the foreseeable future, but imports from Canada play an increasingly important role in achieving renewable energy targets in northern U.S. markets...
Published version
2020-11-16T15:18:34Z
2020-11-16T15:18:34Z
2020-10-31
2020-11-16T15:18:32Z
Book
Scholarly book
Text
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100873
3
Calder, Ryan [0000-0001-5618-9840]
en
http://energyaccess.duke.edu/
In Copyright (InC)
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
Duke University
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1149112023-05-05T07:14:28Zcom_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_24344
Uncertainty, scarcity and transparency: Public health ethics and risk communication in a pandemic
Lancet Regional Health-Americas
Lowe, Abigail E.
Voo, Teck Chuan
Lee, Lisa M.
Gillespie, Kelly K. Dineen
Feig, Christy
Ferdinand, Alva O.
Mohapatra, Seema
Brett-Major, David M.
Wynia, Matthew K.
Risk communication
COVID-19
Pandemic
Transparency
Precautionary principle
Infection prevention and control
Communicating public health guidance is key to mitigating risk during disasters and outbreaks, and ethical guidance on communication emphasizes being fully transparent. Yet, communication during the pandemic has sometimes been fraught, due in part to practical and conceptual challenges around being transparent. A particular challenge has arisen when there was both evolving scientific knowledge on COVID-i9 and reticence to acknowledge that resource scarcity concerns were influencing public health recommendations. This essay uses the example of communicating public health guidance on masking in the United States to illustrate ethical challenges of developing and conveying public health guidance under twin conditions of uncertainty and resource scarcity. Such situations require balancing two key principles in public health ethics: the precautionary principle and harm reduction. Transparency remains a bedrock value to guide risk communication, but optimizing transparency requires consideration of additional ethical values in developing and implementing risk communication strategies. Copyright (C) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Published version
2023-05-04T14:53:18Z
2023-05-04T14:53:18Z
2022-12
Article - Refereed
Text
100374
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/114911
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2022.100374
16
36777151
en
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
Elsevier
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/958372020-10-13T19:02:05Zcom_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_24344
Mechanisms of Communicating Health Information Through Facebook: Implications for Consumer Health Information Technology Design
Journal of Medical Internet Research
Menefee, Hannah K.
Thompson, Morgan J.
Guterbock, Thomas M.
Williams, Ishan C.
Valdez, Rupa S.
consumer health information
medical informatics
Facebook
social networks
health communication
Background: Consumer health information technology (IT) solutions are designed to support patient health management and have the ability to facilitate patients' health information communication with their social networks. However, there is a need for consumer health IT solutions to align with patients' health management preferences for increased adoption of the technology. It may be possible to gain an understanding of patients' needs for consumer health IT supporting their health information communication with social networks by explicating how they have adopted and adapted social networking sites, such as Facebook, for this purpose. Objective: Our aim was to characterize patients' use of all communication mechanisms within Facebook for health information communication to provide insight into how consumer health IT solutions may be better designed to meet patients' communication needs and preferences. Methods: This study analyzed data about Facebook communication mechanisms use from a larger, three-phase, sequential, mixed-methods study. We report here on the results of the study's first phase: qualitative interviews (N=25). Participants were over 18, used Facebook, were residents or citizens of the United States, spoke English, and had a diagnosis consistent with type 2 diabetes. Participants were recruited through Facebook groups and pages. Participant interviews were conducted via Skype or telephone between July and September 2014. Data analysis was grounded in qualitative content analysis and the initial coding framework was informed by the findings of a previous study. Results: Participants' rationales for the use or disuse of a particular Facebook mechanism to communicate health information reflected six broad themes: (1) characteristics and circumstances of the person, (2) characteristics and circumstances of the relationship, (3) structure and composition of the social network, (4) content of the information, (5) communication purpose, and (6) attributes of the technology. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that participants consider multiple factors when choosing a Facebook mechanism for health information communication. Factors included what information they intended to share, what they were trying to accomplish, attributes of technology, and attributes and communication practices of their social networks. There is a need for consumer health IT that allows for a range of choices to suit the intersectionality of participants' rationales. Technology that better meets patients' needs may lead to better self-management of health conditions, and therefore, improve overall health outcomes.
Agency for Healthcare Research and QualityUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesAgency for Healthcare Research & Quality [R03 HS22930-01]
This study was sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (R03 HS22930-01). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. We would also like to thank the administrators of the Facebook groups and pages that supported our study and all of our participants. We thank Deborah Rexrode, Morgan Thompson, Jeremiah Reilly, and Claire Wellbeloved-Stone for their contributions to this study.
2019-11-22T13:56:53Z
2019-11-22T13:56:53Z
2016-08
Article - Refereed
Text
StillImage
e218
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/95837
https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.5949
18
8
27515151
1438-8871
en
Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1004792023-12-15T15:20:57Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_111734com_10919_25796com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_111736col_10919_24344
Risk tradeoffs associated with traditional food advisories for Labrador Inuit
Environmental Research
Calder, Ryan S. D.
Bromage, Sabri
Sunderland, Elsie M.
Population Health Sciences
Global Change Center
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Environmental Sciences
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Environmental Sciences & Ecology
Fish advisory
Methylmercury
Indigenous health
Dietary transition
Nutrition
CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE
FISH CONSUMPTION ADVISORIES
POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS
VITAMIN-D
CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE
METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE
SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS
MERCURY EXPOSURE
CHILDBEARING AGE
DIETARY ADEQUACY
03 Chemical Sciences
05 Environmental Sciences
06 Biological Sciences
Toxicology
Animals
Humans
Methylmercury Compounds
Diet
Food Contamination
Seafood
Inuits
Canada
Newfoundland and Labrador
Dietary Exposure
The traditional Inuit diet includes wild birds, fish and marine mammals, which can contain high concentrations of the neurotoxicant methylmercury (MeHg). Hydroelectric development may increase MeHg concentrations in traditional foods. Consumption advisories are often used to mitigate such risks and can result in reduced intake of traditional foods. Data from a dietary survey, MeHg exposure assessment and risk analysis for individuals in three Inuit communities in Labrador, Canada (n = 1145) in 2014 indicate reducing traditional food intake is likely to exacerbate deficiencies in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamins B12 and B2. Traditional foods accounted for < 5% of per-capita calories but up to 70% of nutrients consumed. Although consumption advisories could lower neurodevelopmental risks associated with an increase in MeHg exposure (90th-percentile ∆IQ = − 0.12 vs. − 0.34), they may lead to greater risks of cardiovascular mortality (90th-percentile increase: + 58% to + 116% vs. + 25%) and cancer mortality (90th-percentile increase + 2% to + 4% vs. no increase). Conversely, greater consumption of locally caught salmon mostly unaffected by hydroelectric flooding would lower all these risks (90th-percentile ∆IQ = + 0.4; cardiovascular risk: − 45%; cancer risk: − 1.4%). We thus conclude that continued consumption of traditional foods is essential for Inuit health in these communities.
Published version
2020-10-13T22:06:50Z
2020-10-13T22:06:50Z
2019-01-01
2020-10-13T22:06:48Z
Article - Refereed
Article
Journal
Text
0013-9351
S0013-9351(18)30491-2 (PII)
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100479
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.09.005
168
Calder, Ryan [0000-0001-5618-9840]
30477821 (pubmed)
1096-0953
en
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Pages 496-506
11 page(s)
Print-Electronic
application/pdf
application/pdf
Elsevier
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1132962023-01-21T08:33:40Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_24344
A mixed methods investigation of how young adults in Virginia received, evaluated, and responded to COVID-19 public health messaging
Virginia Journal of Public Health
Cook, Natalie E.
Wenzel, Sophie
Silverman, Rachel A.
Short, Danielle
Jiles, Kristina A.
Markwalter, Teresa
Friesen, Mary Ann
The purpose of this study was to investigate how young adults in Virginia received, evaluated, and responded to messages related to the coronavirus/COVID-19, a major disruptor of our time, and to understand how and when these messages influenced behavior. This was a sequential explanatory mixed methods study, including an online survey (quantitative) and virtual focus groups (qualitative). We surveyed a convenience sample of 3,694 Virginia residents by distributing a link to complete the survey online. Only data from18-24 year old adults (n=207) were included in the analysis for this study. Focus group participants were recruited from the survey participants as well as from a college-level introductory health class. Most (83%) young adult respondents reported national science and health organizations as a trusted source for COVID-19 information and over 50% of respondents reported getting information from state/local health departments (72%), healthcare professionals (71%), and online news sources (51%). Focus group participants emphasized social media as an additional major source of COVID-19 information. Focus group data revealed that young adults struggled with deciphering contradictory messaging, had a mix of logical and emotional reasons for deciding whether to adhere to guidelines, had a desire for consistent, fact-based public health messaging at the national level. The findings from this study underscore the importance of consistent, positive public health messaging in a public health crisis.
Published version
2023-01-20T13:50:45Z
2023-01-20T13:50:45Z
2022-09-22
2023-01-19T18:23:59Z
Article - Refereed
Article
Text
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/113296
7
1
Wenzel, Sophie [0000-0002-6961-3820]
Jiles, Kristina [0000-0003-4036-9585]
en
In Copyright
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
Virginia
United States
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1047342022-03-20T20:11:40Zcom_10919_8195com_10919_25799com_10919_24233com_10919_5532com_10919_24262com_10919_5559com_10919_23744com_10919_5555col_10919_78882col_10919_24308col_10919_24344col_10919_23745
Implementation of the Department of Housing and Urban Development’s Smoke-Free Rule: A Socio-Ecological Qualitative Assessment of Administrator and Resident Perceptions
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Horn, Kimberly
Johnson, Sallie B.
Rincón-Gallardo Patiño, Sofía
Krost, Kevin
Gray, Tiffany
Dearfield, Craig
Du, Chenguang
Bernat, Debra
Population Health Sciences
Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise
School of Education
smoke-free policy
housing
tobacco control
smoking
health policy
socio-ecological framework
qualitative
In July 2018, the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) implemented a mandatory smoke-free rule in public housing. This study assessed administrator and resident perceptions of rule implementation during its initial year in the District of Columbia Housing Authority (DCHA). Assessment included nine focus groups (<i>n</i> = 69) with residents and in-depth interviews with administrators (<i>n</i> = 7) and residents (<i>n</i> = 26) from 14 DCHA communities (family = 7 and senior/disabled = 7). Semi-structured discussion guides based on the multi-level socio-ecological framework captured dialogue that was recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded inductively. Emerging major themes for each socio-ecological framework level included: (1) Individual: the rule was supported due to perceived health benefits, with stronger support among non-smokers; (2) Interpersonal: limiting secondhand smoke exposure was perceived as a positive for vulnerable residents; (3) Organizational: communication, signage, and cessation support was perceived as a need; (4) Community: residents perceived mobility, disability, weather, and safety-related issues as barriers; and (5) Public Policy: lease amendments were perceived as enablers of rule implementation but expressed confusion about violations and enforcement. A majority of administrators and residents reported favorable implications of the mandated HUD rule. The novel application of a socio-ecological framework, however, detected implementation nuances that required improvements on multiple levels, including more signage, cessation support, clarification of enforcement roles, and addressing safety concerns.
Published version
2021-08-26T18:48:20Z
2021-08-26T18:48:20Z
2021-08-24
2021-08-26T13:27:36Z
Article - Refereed
Text
Horn, K.; Johnson, S.B.; Patiño, S.R.-G.; Krost, K.; Gray, T.; Dearfield, C.; Du, C.; Bernat, D. Implementation of the Department of Housing and Urban Development’s Smoke-Free Rule: A Socio-Ecological Qualitative Assessment of Administrator and Resident Perceptions. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 8908.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104734
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18178908
en
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
MDPI
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1179252024-02-22T08:36:09Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_24344
Muskrat Falls hydroelectric project poses risks for Canada that are being ignored
Calder, Ryan S. D.
2024-02-12T14:41:38Z
2024-02-12T14:41:38Z
2019-10-03
Article
Text
https://hdl.handle.net/10919/117925
Calder, Ryan [0000-0001-5618-9840]
en
Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
Canada
The Conversation
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/1174172024-01-20T03:07:05Zcom_10919_5com_10919_25799com_10919_70450com_10919_5532com_10919_24262com_10919_5559col_10919_70873col_10919_70451col_10919_24344
Profiles of youth citizenship: A cluster analysis of ethical factors, demographics, and problem-solving disposition
Journal of Agricultural Education
Bush, Sarah A.
Rudd, Rick D.
Friedel, Curtis R.
Archibald, Thomas G.
Redican, Kerry J.
citizenship
ethical factors
problem solving
leadership
Youth have the capacity to drive positive change in their communities through active and engaged citizenship (AEC). Teen-leadership programs provide youth with opportunities to develop the skills necessary to participate as partners in community problem-solving efforts. Situated in relational developmental systems metatheory, this study aimed to examine how cluster membership based upon demographic characteristics, ethical factors, and problem-solving disposition impacted AEC. The findings indicated significant differences between clusters for AEC, civic duty, and civic skills. These differences were predominately observed through membership in long-term or short-term leadership programs, gender, enrollment in honors/AP courses, ethical views, and problem-solving disposition. Youth leadership practitioners should consider avenues for infusing problem-solving and character development in gender inclusive program curriculum to increase likelihood for contributing.
Submitted version
2024-01-19T17:38:39Z
2024-01-19T17:38:39Z
2023-12-01
Article - Refereed
Article
Text
2325-5226
https://hdl.handle.net/10919/117417
https://doi.org/10.55533/2325-5226.1409
11
3
Friedel, Curtis [0000-0001-7772-2595]
Rudd, Rickie [0000-0002-4601-4710]
Archibald, Thomas [0000-0002-3567-9143]
2325-5226
en
In Copyright
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
Mississippi State University Libraries
oai_dc///col_10919_24344/100