WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:02.445 Welcome to Connecting the Opens: 00:00:02.445 --> 00:00:06.210 Open Access, Open Educational Resources, and Open Data. 00:00:06.210 --> 00:00:09.750 This is in part a class of 00:00:09.750 --> 00:00:13.590 the graduate future professor class and 00:00:13.590 --> 00:00:17.370 it's part celebration of Open Education Week, 00:00:17.370 --> 00:00:20.565 which actually comes during Virginia Tech's spring break. 00:00:20.565 --> 00:00:22.860 This is an early celebration 00:00:22.860 --> 00:00:25.650 of the 2022 open education week. 00:00:25.650 --> 00:00:26.820 If you're curious about 00:00:26.820 --> 00:00:29.595 other events that are happening during this week, 00:00:29.595 --> 00:00:34.095 there are many different things you can get involved in 00:00:34.095 --> 00:00:38.270 online that are hosted 00:00:38.270 --> 00:00:39.290 by people all around 00:00:39.290 --> 00:00:41.690 the world in many different languages. 00:00:41.690 --> 00:00:44.885 So if you're looking for things to do during 00:00:44.885 --> 00:00:50.020 spring break this is a great place to take a look. 00:00:50.020 --> 00:00:52.130 On our agenda today, 00:00:52.130 --> 00:00:55.370 we're going to go through an overview of the Opens. 00:00:55.370 --> 00:00:57.335 We're focusing on Open Access, 00:00:57.335 --> 00:00:59.885 Open Educational Resources, and Open Data. 00:00:59.885 --> 00:01:02.420 We have several panelists who will be joining 00:01:02.420 --> 00:01:04.955 us from the faculty of Virginia Tech 00:01:04.955 --> 00:01:07.820 and then we are going to ask a few of 00:01:07.820 --> 00:01:09.350 our own questions and we 00:01:09.350 --> 00:01:11.465 would like to hear your questions. 00:01:11.465 --> 00:01:13.490 After each of the sessions, 00:01:13.490 --> 00:01:15.080 the session on Open Access, 00:01:15.080 --> 00:01:16.310 the session on OER, 00:01:16.310 --> 00:01:17.985 in the session on Open Data, 00:01:17.985 --> 00:01:19.400 we're going to take a couple of 00:01:19.400 --> 00:01:22.160 quick questions related to that topic. 00:01:22.160 --> 00:01:24.620 If you have questions you would like to put in 00:01:24.620 --> 00:01:28.305 the chat throughout, please do. 00:01:28.305 --> 00:01:30.080 What would be easiest as if you 00:01:30.080 --> 00:01:32.190 direct them to the person who's speaking, 00:01:32.190 --> 00:01:35.270 or the particular topic that is being discussed. 00:01:35.270 --> 00:01:37.775 We have some frame questions, 00:01:37.775 --> 00:01:40.175 guided discussion with the panelists 00:01:40.175 --> 00:01:42.470 but if there are 00:01:42.470 --> 00:01:44.600 things that you'd like to learn more about, 00:01:44.600 --> 00:01:49.410 we would love to be relevant in that way. 00:01:49.690 --> 00:01:53.930 As you know, there are many different kinds of open, 00:01:53.930 --> 00:01:55.640 open source, open data, 00:01:55.640 --> 00:01:57.950 open education, open access, 00:01:57.950 --> 00:02:00.950 open citations, open research, and open science. 00:02:00.950 --> 00:02:04.340 We would love to know a little bit about what you 00:02:04.340 --> 00:02:07.955 are hoping to learn today about the different Opens. 00:02:07.955 --> 00:02:12.740 If you would take a moment to go to 00:02:12.740 --> 00:02:16.340 menti.com and enter the code 00:02:16.340 --> 00:02:17.735 that you see on your screen, 00:02:17.735 --> 00:02:22.380 or scan the QR code 00:02:25.690 --> 00:02:28.280 and tell us a little bit about 00:02:28.280 --> 00:02:29.900 what you're hoping to learn today. 00:02:29.900 --> 00:02:32.780 We'll come back to these things in just a minute. 00:02:32.780 --> 00:02:34.850 But we'll give you some time 00:02:34.850 --> 00:02:36.770 to tell us a little bit about what 00:02:36.770 --> 00:02:38.765 your hopes are for today 00:02:38.765 --> 00:02:41.375 with regard to learning about Open Access, 00:02:41.375 --> 00:02:44.430 OER, and Open Data. 00:02:46.370 --> 00:02:51.500 We do have some goals for you. 00:02:51.500 --> 00:02:54.210 We're trying to keep this not so complicated. 00:02:54.210 --> 00:02:57.380 We recognize that you probably know 00:02:57.380 --> 00:03:00.920 some things already about Open Access, Open Data, 00:03:00.920 --> 00:03:05.240 OER but for those of you who are new to these topics, 00:03:05.240 --> 00:03:09.680 we're going to try to make 00:03:09.680 --> 00:03:11.930 sure that you can step away from this session being 00:03:11.930 --> 00:03:14.390 able to explain the basics of these things, 00:03:14.390 --> 00:03:16.820 you do some practice using the terminology, 00:03:16.820 --> 00:03:19.700 and that you can apply these concepts to 00:03:19.700 --> 00:03:23.089 your area of study and scholarship. 00:03:23.089 --> 00:03:25.175 There are many applications 00:03:25.175 --> 00:03:27.650 and we're eager to hear how you apply 00:03:27.650 --> 00:03:33.120 these concepts to your field of study. 00:03:34.600 --> 00:03:37.339 Our presenters and panelists 00:03:37.339 --> 00:03:41.660 today are on the screen in no particular order. 00:03:41.660 --> 00:03:45.035 You will meet all of us throughout the session. 00:03:45.035 --> 00:03:47.825 We'll have each person introduce themselves. 00:03:47.825 --> 00:03:49.970 My colleague, Philip Young is going 00:03:49.970 --> 00:03:53.659 to start with an overview of Open Access. 00:03:53.659 --> 00:03:56.120 I'm doing the overview of open education and 00:03:56.120 --> 00:03:59.830 Jon Petters is talking about Open Data, 00:03:59.830 --> 00:04:02.300 will then be joined by two panelists 00:04:02.300 --> 00:04:05.795 from the School of Medicine who are going to 00:04:05.795 --> 00:04:10.250 reflect back to us some of the things that 00:04:10.250 --> 00:04:11.930 resonated with them and tell us 00:04:11.930 --> 00:04:14.660 a little bit about their experiences as well, 00:04:14.660 --> 00:04:17.360 and Dean Surprenant will 00:04:17.360 --> 00:04:20.695 also be one of our panelists at that point. 00:04:20.695 --> 00:04:24.190 Let's see what you said. 00:04:25.130 --> 00:04:28.960 What do you hope to learn today? 00:04:29.930 --> 00:04:33.780 Resources for literature reviews, Open Data, 00:04:33.780 --> 00:04:36.785 learn about OER, Open Access. 00:04:36.785 --> 00:04:38.710 What do you mean by open in this context? 00:04:38.710 --> 00:04:40.840 Is it better, or worse, or irrelevant 00:04:40.840 --> 00:04:44.150 or this is moving a little bit too fast? 00:04:44.340 --> 00:04:48.565 If one posts in open access journals. 00:04:48.565 --> 00:04:51.730 How are open access resources organized? 00:04:51.730 --> 00:04:54.140 Open source publishing? 00:04:54.350 --> 00:04:57.075 Let me pause this. 00:04:57.075 --> 00:04:59.260 Would be interesting to learn more about 00:04:59.260 --> 00:05:01.255 open source journal sites. 00:05:01.255 --> 00:05:05.200 The questions graduate schools students have about open. 00:05:05.200 --> 00:05:07.970 Pre-analysis planning. 00:05:12.890 --> 00:05:17.390 There's a lot here about what you want to know. 00:05:17.390 --> 00:05:20.780 Hopefully we can help you 00:05:20.780 --> 00:05:24.930 to reach some of your goals for today. 00:05:25.480 --> 00:05:27.755 Yeah, this is better. 00:05:27.755 --> 00:05:33.970 We invite you to use the chat to talk with us. 00:05:35.390 --> 00:05:37.515 This is exciting. 00:05:37.515 --> 00:05:40.840 We have lots of different questions. 00:05:42.250 --> 00:05:46.640 We can come back here and have you ask, 00:05:46.640 --> 00:05:50.900 answer more questions about specific as we go on. 00:05:50.900 --> 00:05:54.990 Thank you very much for telling us what's on your mind. 00:06:04.150 --> 00:06:06.380 My colleague Philip Young, 00:06:06.380 --> 00:06:08.450 who is the repository manager of 00:06:08.450 --> 00:06:10.700 VTechWorks at the University Libraries, 00:06:10.700 --> 00:06:15.695 is going to first give us an overview of Open Access. 00:06:15.695 --> 00:06:17.960 Philip let me know when you want 00:06:17.960 --> 00:06:21.090 the slides advanced and we'll go from there. 00:06:21.890 --> 00:06:25.820 Thank you, Anita. As Anita said, 00:06:25.820 --> 00:06:30.050 my name is Philip Young and I've been at the libraries 00:06:30.050 --> 00:06:35.430 for about 13 years now in various roles. 00:06:35.430 --> 00:06:36.980 For the last five years I've been 00:06:36.980 --> 00:06:40.310 managing a repository called VTechWorks. 00:06:40.310 --> 00:06:46.250 VTechWorks is the place for scholarship primarily. 00:06:46.250 --> 00:06:48.920 It's also where the electronic theses 00:06:48.920 --> 00:06:51.560 and dissertations are disseminated to the world. 00:06:51.560 --> 00:06:55.730 You'll probably seen some 00:06:55.730 --> 00:06:58.820 of the theses and dissertations on VTechWorks. 00:06:58.820 --> 00:07:01.085 My email is there, 00:07:01.085 --> 00:07:05.360 as well as a link to VTechWorks and our Open Access guide. 00:07:05.360 --> 00:07:07.640 These links are also later 00:07:07.640 --> 00:07:09.560 in the presentation and I'm told these 00:07:09.560 --> 00:07:14.940 will be shared with everyone later, these slides. Next. 00:07:18.540 --> 00:07:21.085 What is open access? 00:07:21.085 --> 00:07:22.990 The definition that we've used for 00:07:22.990 --> 00:07:26.515 a long time comes from Peter Suber, 00:07:26.515 --> 00:07:28.765 who is an open access expert 00:07:28.765 --> 00:07:30.880 and actually joined this class 00:07:30.880 --> 00:07:33.220 last fall for a discussion 00:07:33.220 --> 00:07:35.500 about our new open access policy, 00:07:35.500 --> 00:07:37.465 which we'll discuss in a moment. 00:07:37.465 --> 00:07:39.520 He said in his book, 00:07:39.520 --> 00:07:42.310 "Open access literature is digital, online, 00:07:42.310 --> 00:07:44.350 free of charge, and free of most 00:07:44.350 --> 00:07:47.365 copyright and licensing restrictions." 00:07:47.365 --> 00:07:50.740 Now, I usually break this up into two parts. 00:07:50.740 --> 00:07:53.110 Most people understand the first part, 00:07:53.110 --> 00:07:54.895 digital online and free of charge. 00:07:54.895 --> 00:07:56.980 That means you can get to a website, 00:07:56.980 --> 00:07:59.305 a news site, whatever. 00:07:59.305 --> 00:08:02.890 You can read it, download it, and so on. 00:08:02.890 --> 00:08:05.200 The second part is sometimes 00:08:05.200 --> 00:08:07.165 forgotten about open access, 00:08:07.165 --> 00:08:10.615 free of most copyright and licensing restrictions. 00:08:10.615 --> 00:08:13.570 That means there should be some permissions given in 00:08:13.570 --> 00:08:17.185 advance through a Creative Commons license. 00:08:17.185 --> 00:08:19.060 I've got a link to 00:08:19.060 --> 00:08:21.100 Creative Commons licenses there, 00:08:21.100 --> 00:08:24.265 it's creativecommons.org. 00:08:24.265 --> 00:08:26.470 The license that you see there, 00:08:26.470 --> 00:08:28.810 the license logo is Creative Commons 00:08:28.810 --> 00:08:32.185 Attribution License or CC BY license. 00:08:32.185 --> 00:08:36.340 What this does is it gives others permissions 00:08:36.340 --> 00:08:37.540 in advance to use 00:08:37.540 --> 00:08:40.630 the article as long as they attribute you. 00:08:40.630 --> 00:08:44.755 Attribution is already standard and scholarship, 00:08:44.755 --> 00:08:47.860 and so this gives a false permission to 00:08:47.860 --> 00:08:50.725 reuse images, tables, 00:08:50.725 --> 00:08:54.520 so on post the article somewhere else, 00:08:54.520 --> 00:08:58.870 as long as they attribute you, so give you credit. 00:08:58.870 --> 00:09:01.510 Sometimes the second part can 00:09:01.510 --> 00:09:04.960 be forgotten when we're talking about open access. 00:09:04.960 --> 00:09:06.640 People will say, oh, I got to 00:09:06.640 --> 00:09:08.065 the article and I download it. 00:09:08.065 --> 00:09:09.625 So it's open access. 00:09:09.625 --> 00:09:11.890 Technically, it involves both parts. 00:09:11.890 --> 00:09:13.285 You can get to it and read it, 00:09:13.285 --> 00:09:15.790 but it's also openly licensed. 00:09:15.790 --> 00:09:22.000 Next. Why should we care about open access? 00:09:22.000 --> 00:09:24.519 A lot of people lack access. 00:09:24.519 --> 00:09:27.640 We don't always realize this when we're on campus. 00:09:27.640 --> 00:09:29.830 Most major publishers have 00:09:29.830 --> 00:09:33.685 the IP ranges of Virginia Tech because we pay 00:09:33.685 --> 00:09:36.115 somewhere between nine and $10 million 00:09:36.115 --> 00:09:38.320 to various publishers to get 00:09:38.320 --> 00:09:40.285 access to peer-reviewed literature, 00:09:40.285 --> 00:09:43.015 peer-reviewed journals in particular. 00:09:43.015 --> 00:09:44.830 If you're on campus, you may 00:09:44.830 --> 00:09:46.900 not notice paywalls nearly as 00:09:46.900 --> 00:09:52.225 much as you would off-campus and you're not on the VPN. 00:09:52.225 --> 00:09:55.090 This is a particular problem in 00:09:55.090 --> 00:09:57.970 low and middle-income countries where 00:09:57.970 --> 00:09:59.560 researchers frequently don't have 00:09:59.560 --> 00:10:01.690 access to the peer-reviewed literature. 00:10:01.690 --> 00:10:04.270 Much of our research is funded by 00:10:04.270 --> 00:10:06.895 taxpayers through federal agencies; 00:10:06.895 --> 00:10:09.295 NIH, NSF, and so on. 00:10:09.295 --> 00:10:12.790 Government policymakers, non-governmental organizations 00:10:12.790 --> 00:10:14.365 frequently don't have access 00:10:14.365 --> 00:10:16.900 to the peer-reviewed literature. 00:10:16.900 --> 00:10:20.215 There are also benefits for authors. 00:10:20.215 --> 00:10:22.570 There have been many, many studies of 00:10:22.570 --> 00:10:25.690 a citation advantage for open access articles. 00:10:25.690 --> 00:10:29.470 Most of them showed in a citation advantage 00:10:29.470 --> 00:10:31.240 for open access articles, 00:10:31.240 --> 00:10:32.350 the most recent one showed 00:10:32.350 --> 00:10:35.485 an 18 percent advantage across disciplines. 00:10:35.485 --> 00:10:38.065 There's also an altmetric advantage. 00:10:38.065 --> 00:10:42.220 Altmetrics gatherers links from outside of academia, 00:10:42.220 --> 00:10:44.590 so from the web in general, 00:10:44.590 --> 00:10:46.120 such as news sites, 00:10:46.120 --> 00:10:50.050 social media, government policies sites. 00:10:50.050 --> 00:10:54.130 It's collecting inbound links to research and showing 00:10:54.130 --> 00:10:56.890 that broader impact of research 00:10:56.890 --> 00:10:59.605 which institutions and funders 00:10:59.605 --> 00:11:02.335 are increasingly interested in. 00:11:02.335 --> 00:11:04.480 There have been studies showing 00:11:04.480 --> 00:11:07.420 an altmetric advantage to open access research as well. 00:11:07.420 --> 00:11:09.820 Of course, it makes sense that you'd want to 00:11:09.820 --> 00:11:11.650 link to something that people can 00:11:11.650 --> 00:11:14.440 actually get to instead of hitting a paywall. 00:11:14.440 --> 00:11:17.170 Open access also facilitates 00:11:17.170 --> 00:11:19.570 other uses such as text and data mining, 00:11:19.570 --> 00:11:22.000 which is very big in some fields, 00:11:22.000 --> 00:11:24.160 it's also used in 00:11:24.160 --> 00:11:26.860 systematic reviews and things like that. 00:11:26.860 --> 00:11:29.110 Reusing the article, as I mentioned, 00:11:29.110 --> 00:11:31.240 if it has an open license on it, 00:11:31.240 --> 00:11:33.910 that gives you permission in advance to reuse 00:11:33.910 --> 00:11:37.580 parts of that article and build upon it. 00:11:37.580 --> 00:11:40.710 Of course, it's just a basic scholarly value 00:11:40.710 --> 00:11:43.785 that knowledge has to be available to be built upon. 00:11:43.785 --> 00:11:46.080 If we're researching in the same field, 00:11:46.080 --> 00:11:49.140 we need to know what each others are doing, 00:11:49.140 --> 00:11:51.180 and it doesn't make any sense to have 00:11:51.180 --> 00:11:56.635 friction in getting access to each other's articles. 00:11:56.635 --> 00:12:03.280 Next. There's two ways 00:12:03.280 --> 00:12:07.300 that you can provide open access to your research. 00:12:07.300 --> 00:12:11.860 The first is by publishing an open access article. 00:12:11.860 --> 00:12:14.950 I've got these colors there sometimes in 00:12:14.950 --> 00:12:17.575 the open access literature you might see these colors, 00:12:17.575 --> 00:12:20.335 gold OA or green OA. 00:12:20.335 --> 00:12:27.580 Gold unfortunately has the affiliation 00:12:27.580 --> 00:12:29.155 with having to pay, 00:12:29.155 --> 00:12:31.720 and that's not always true. 00:12:31.720 --> 00:12:34.090 Publishing an open access journal 00:12:34.090 --> 00:12:38.155 can occur in a fully open access journal, 00:12:38.155 --> 00:12:42.565 such as Public Library Of Science, PLOS 1. 00:12:42.565 --> 00:12:45.175 Now, these sometimes have a fee. 00:12:45.175 --> 00:12:48.070 Many of the best-known ones do have a fee, 00:12:48.070 --> 00:12:51.860 but not all open access journals have a fee. 00:12:52.200 --> 00:12:55.585 You can also publish in a hybrid journal. 00:12:55.585 --> 00:12:59.920 A hybrid journal is basically a subscription journal that 00:12:59.920 --> 00:13:02.110 offers authors the option to pay 00:13:02.110 --> 00:13:05.260 a fee and make that article open access. 00:13:05.260 --> 00:13:08.980 You might see a journal issue with 10 articles and 00:13:08.980 --> 00:13:11.230 maybe two or three will be 00:13:11.230 --> 00:13:14.095 open access and the rest will be behind a paywall. 00:13:14.095 --> 00:13:18.620 There's always a fee for the hybrid journals. 00:13:18.810 --> 00:13:21.655 The other way you can make your work 00:13:21.655 --> 00:13:25.525 open access is by depositing a version of the article. 00:13:25.525 --> 00:13:28.940 We'll talk about versions in just a minute. 00:13:29.850 --> 00:13:33.595 The shorthand for it as green OA. 00:13:33.595 --> 00:13:36.085 You do this in a repository. 00:13:36.085 --> 00:13:37.885 This is always free. 00:13:37.885 --> 00:13:40.150 This is a really good way to provide 00:13:40.150 --> 00:13:43.000 open access to work when 00:13:43.000 --> 00:13:44.935 you might not be able to afford 00:13:44.935 --> 00:13:47.860 the open access charges or APCs, 00:13:47.860 --> 00:13:50.620 are called article processing charges. 00:13:50.620 --> 00:13:53.660 This is always free, 00:13:53.670 --> 00:13:57.250 and you can deposit either a pre-print, 00:13:57.250 --> 00:13:59.680 the submitted version which has not been peer-reviewed, 00:13:59.680 --> 00:14:02.200 or the post-print or 00:14:02.200 --> 00:14:05.920 accepted version which has been peer-reviewed. 00:14:05.920 --> 00:14:14.050 Next. Here's a little bit more information 00:14:14.050 --> 00:14:15.985 about the two ways to do this. 00:14:15.985 --> 00:14:19.765 When you're publishing in an open access journal, 00:14:19.765 --> 00:14:22.525 you want to make sure it's a legitimate one, 00:14:22.525 --> 00:14:25.060 one that is well-known in your field, 00:14:25.060 --> 00:14:27.130 indexed in multiple places. 00:14:27.130 --> 00:14:29.620 The reason we use legitimate is that there are 00:14:29.620 --> 00:14:33.055 some not legitimate journals out there. 00:14:33.055 --> 00:14:35.979 This model of paying for open access 00:14:35.979 --> 00:14:39.520 means that some people started journals, 00:14:39.520 --> 00:14:42.610 charge the fee, and then they put 00:14:42.610 --> 00:14:45.970 it online and never got peer-reviewed or anything else. 00:14:45.970 --> 00:14:49.030 You have to be careful to make sure 00:14:49.030 --> 00:14:52.305 that open access' terminals are indexed. 00:14:52.305 --> 00:14:55.860 The best place to do this for us anyway is 00:14:55.860 --> 00:15:00.035 the Directory of Open Access Journals, that doaj.org. 00:15:00.035 --> 00:15:03.980 They have a pretty strict vetting process 00:15:03.980 --> 00:15:07.835 for all the journals that apply to the index there. 00:15:07.835 --> 00:15:10.490 It actually can take a few months for 00:15:10.490 --> 00:15:14.030 a new journal to get indexed in the directory. 00:15:14.030 --> 00:15:16.130 This is where I would search first, 00:15:16.130 --> 00:15:18.215 particularly if you haven't heard of a journal. 00:15:18.215 --> 00:15:20.915 Someone says, why not publish in this journal? 00:15:20.915 --> 00:15:23.600 Well, look it up and make sure that 00:15:23.600 --> 00:15:26.770 it's a legitimate journal. 00:15:26.770 --> 00:15:28.910 Through the library, we also have access 00:15:28.910 --> 00:15:30.860 to Ulrich's periodical directory, 00:15:30.860 --> 00:15:33.725 and so you can look that up through the library catalog, 00:15:33.725 --> 00:15:35.745 limit to a peer-reviewed journals, 00:15:35.745 --> 00:15:38.080 and then select open access, 00:15:38.080 --> 00:15:41.645 and then that will have a list of open access journals. 00:15:41.645 --> 00:15:45.470 There's also a website called Think Check Submit, 00:15:45.470 --> 00:15:48.110 which will provide you 00:15:48.110 --> 00:15:50.570 some criteria to look 00:15:50.570 --> 00:15:51.470 at when you're looking at 00:15:51.470 --> 00:15:53.255 a journal which you haven't heard of. 00:15:53.255 --> 00:15:57.805 You can also always ask us in the libraries as well. 00:15:57.805 --> 00:16:00.975 As far as the open access fees, 00:16:00.975 --> 00:16:04.325 and again, not all open access journals have a fee. 00:16:04.325 --> 00:16:06.735 Some are supported in other ways. 00:16:06.735 --> 00:16:10.715 But for the journals that do have fees, 00:16:10.715 --> 00:16:13.670 in most cases it's grants that cover 00:16:13.670 --> 00:16:17.165 those open access charges or APCs. 00:16:17.165 --> 00:16:20.365 For example, an NIH grant, NSF grant, 00:16:20.365 --> 00:16:23.165 most of the large federal government grants 00:16:23.165 --> 00:16:25.775 can be used to cover those fees. 00:16:25.775 --> 00:16:27.860 At Virginia Tech, we also have 00:16:27.860 --> 00:16:30.170 an open access fund for 00:16:30.170 --> 00:16:32.490 folks who don't have a grant to cover the fees, 00:16:32.490 --> 00:16:37.190 and so anyone at Virginia Tech can apply to that fund. 00:16:37.190 --> 00:16:41.315 Graduate students are certainly welcome to apply there. 00:16:41.315 --> 00:16:45.140 There are also lots of discounts that 00:16:45.140 --> 00:16:46.370 the library has gained through 00:16:46.370 --> 00:16:49.305 our relationships with various publishers, 00:16:49.305 --> 00:16:51.830 and particularly for researchers 00:16:51.830 --> 00:16:53.420 from low and middle-income countries, 00:16:53.420 --> 00:16:56.760 there are waivers that many open access journals. 00:16:58.240 --> 00:17:00.500 As I mentioned, you can also 00:17:00.500 --> 00:17:02.705 deposit a version of the article. 00:17:02.705 --> 00:17:07.070 One of the main questions you should ask is, 00:17:07.070 --> 00:17:09.730 do I have a legal right to do this? 00:17:09.730 --> 00:17:13.940 Recently, Virginia Tech past and open access policy, 00:17:13.940 --> 00:17:17.374 which means the answer to this question is yes. 00:17:17.374 --> 00:17:20.810 For accepted versions of articles, 00:17:20.810 --> 00:17:25.710 you can post that immediately in V Tech works. 00:17:26.830 --> 00:17:31.985 That's been a huge revolution here at Virginia Tech. 00:17:31.985 --> 00:17:33.530 Otherwise you would have to depend 00:17:33.530 --> 00:17:35.720 on the journals policies. 00:17:35.720 --> 00:17:38.600 There's a lot of variation among journals about 00:17:38.600 --> 00:17:41.340 what they allow to be posted on their sites, 00:17:41.340 --> 00:17:42.955 and when you can post. 00:17:42.955 --> 00:17:46.025 Many of them have embargoes of 12 months or more. 00:17:46.025 --> 00:17:48.140 This information should also be 00:17:48.140 --> 00:17:50.150 in your publication contract, 00:17:50.150 --> 00:17:51.950 your copyright transfer agreement. 00:17:51.950 --> 00:17:54.305 The what, when, and where you can post. 00:17:54.305 --> 00:17:57.560 If you leave Virginia Tech and you're at 00:17:57.560 --> 00:17:59.060 an institution where it 00:17:59.060 --> 00:18:01.115 doesn't have an open access policy, 00:18:01.115 --> 00:18:03.710 you'll need to follow the journal policies. 00:18:03.710 --> 00:18:06.200 There's also a site called Sherpa Romeo 00:18:06.200 --> 00:18:08.760 which aggregates journal policies, 00:18:08.760 --> 00:18:10.790 and so that becomes a quick way to look 00:18:10.790 --> 00:18:13.245 at what you can post and what you can't, 00:18:13.245 --> 00:18:16.670 and you can always negotiate this or add an addendum to 00:18:16.670 --> 00:18:21.150 your copyright transfer agreement. Next. 00:18:23.580 --> 00:18:27.850 It becomes really important if you want to archive 00:18:27.850 --> 00:18:29.110 your work or deposited 00:18:29.110 --> 00:18:32.050 a version of it to save these versions. 00:18:32.050 --> 00:18:34.555 The submitted version, as I mentioned, 00:18:34.555 --> 00:18:37.614 is often called the pre-print 00:18:37.614 --> 00:18:42.145 and the accepted version which comes after peer review, 00:18:42.145 --> 00:18:44.200 so it's still the author's version, 00:18:44.200 --> 00:18:46.120 but it's been through the peer-review process, 00:18:46.120 --> 00:18:48.039 you've made all the changes 00:18:48.039 --> 00:18:50.080 during the peer-review process. 00:18:50.080 --> 00:18:51.310 That is sometimes called 00:18:51.310 --> 00:18:55.120 the post-print to differentiate from the pre-print. 00:18:55.120 --> 00:18:57.985 Pre-prints have really taken off, 00:18:57.985 --> 00:18:59.830 if you haven't heard of them before, 00:18:59.830 --> 00:19:01.180 you've probably heard of them during 00:19:01.180 --> 00:19:03.730 the coronavirus pandemic, 00:19:03.730 --> 00:19:05.560 because researchers wanted to 00:19:05.560 --> 00:19:07.180 get their research out there fast. 00:19:07.180 --> 00:19:09.460 The peer-review process can take months and 00:19:09.460 --> 00:19:12.250 sometimes more than a year, and obviously, 00:19:12.250 --> 00:19:14.710 we can't wait that long for 00:19:14.710 --> 00:19:17.995 coronavirus-related information. 00:19:17.995 --> 00:19:19.960 So lots of pre-prints were put on 00:19:19.960 --> 00:19:23.870 pre-print servers like Bio Archive, MET Archive. 00:19:24.480 --> 00:19:26.830 So it's really important to 00:19:26.830 --> 00:19:28.600 keep in mind that those have not been 00:19:28.600 --> 00:19:31.090 peer-reviewed yet and so that's been 00:19:31.090 --> 00:19:34.195 a big part of those pre-print servers that has 00:19:34.195 --> 00:19:36.580 been informing journalists and 00:19:36.580 --> 00:19:41.035 the public that those are not peer reviewed papers yet. 00:19:41.035 --> 00:19:42.925 One thing you want to do 00:19:42.925 --> 00:19:46.645 is check your journal policies first, 00:19:46.645 --> 00:19:48.430 so if you have target journals, 00:19:48.430 --> 00:19:50.920 two or three journals that you're hoping to publish in, 00:19:50.920 --> 00:19:54.085 you might want to make sure that they permit pre-prints. 00:19:54.085 --> 00:19:57.760 There are still some journals out there who say, 00:19:57.760 --> 00:19:58.930 we're not going to publish anything 00:19:58.930 --> 00:20:00.040 that's already been on the web 00:20:00.040 --> 00:20:04.360 somewhere and so that's just one caveat out there. 00:20:04.360 --> 00:20:05.770 But more and more journals are 00:20:05.770 --> 00:20:08.365 allowing pre-prints out there. 00:20:08.365 --> 00:20:10.645 They have several advantages. 00:20:10.645 --> 00:20:12.955 They're open access, of course, 00:20:12.955 --> 00:20:14.950 and they're much faster to 00:20:14.950 --> 00:20:16.885 get research results out there, 00:20:16.885 --> 00:20:19.210 as I mentioned, it can take a long time 00:20:19.210 --> 00:20:21.595 for the peer review process to happen. 00:20:21.595 --> 00:20:24.175 You can also get feedback on pre-prints. 00:20:24.175 --> 00:20:27.280 Sometimes I see folks asking for feedback on 00:20:27.280 --> 00:20:29.050 pre-prints and then they can take 00:20:29.050 --> 00:20:32.840 that feedback into account when they submit to a journal. 00:20:32.850 --> 00:20:35.890 On many servers you can replace 00:20:35.890 --> 00:20:38.110 that pre-print with the accepted version 00:20:38.110 --> 00:20:39.950 later, the post-print. 00:20:39.950 --> 00:20:41.790 In a few fields, 00:20:41.790 --> 00:20:43.635 journals are actually recruiting 00:20:43.635 --> 00:20:45.510 these pre-prints because there's 00:20:45.510 --> 00:20:47.520 a lot of great pre-prints out there, 00:20:47.520 --> 00:20:50.010 journals want them to submit to 00:20:50.010 --> 00:20:52.740 their journal and so in a few fields, 00:20:52.740 --> 00:20:54.930 I believe it's in genetics, 00:20:54.930 --> 00:20:57.960 they actually have editors who survey 00:20:57.960 --> 00:21:00.555 pre-prints in that field and invite submissions. 00:21:00.555 --> 00:21:02.580 It doesn't mean it's going to be accepted, 00:21:02.580 --> 00:21:05.920 but they are inviting submissions to their journal. 00:21:05.920 --> 00:21:12.760 Next. About the open access policy, 00:21:12.760 --> 00:21:14.290 this is something that was passed 00:21:14.290 --> 00:21:16.150 last March here at Virginia Tech, 00:21:16.150 --> 00:21:17.440 it went through governance and 00:21:17.440 --> 00:21:18.760 was approved by the board of 00:21:18.760 --> 00:21:21.640 visitors in March of 2021. 00:21:21.640 --> 00:21:23.680 It applies to everyone at Virginia Tech, 00:21:23.680 --> 00:21:25.645 so we all can use it. 00:21:25.645 --> 00:21:28.150 It applies to the accepted version 00:21:28.150 --> 00:21:29.170 of a scholarly article, 00:21:29.170 --> 00:21:30.670 not the published version, 00:21:30.670 --> 00:21:33.445 so this is your word manuscript 00:21:33.445 --> 00:21:36.655 that you've converted to PDF, for example. 00:21:36.655 --> 00:21:39.910 You can deposit it right away the 00:21:39.910 --> 00:21:42.520 day it's accepted if you'd like and 00:21:42.520 --> 00:21:45.850 we've suggested depositing no 00:21:45.850 --> 00:21:49.240 later than one month after publication simply to get 00:21:49.240 --> 00:21:51.205 an open version out there because 00:21:51.205 --> 00:21:53.860 some people are going to hit a pay-wall if 00:21:53.860 --> 00:21:55.195 it's in a subscription journal 00:21:55.195 --> 00:21:57.640 and through some of 00:21:57.640 --> 00:21:59.695 the tools that I'm going to talk about at the end, 00:21:59.695 --> 00:22:02.890 they can find the open version in VTechWorks. 00:22:02.890 --> 00:22:05.140 You can deposit it later than 00:22:05.140 --> 00:22:10.885 one month if needed and no embargo is needed at all, 00:22:10.885 --> 00:22:13.810 so you can deposit it right away. 00:22:13.810 --> 00:22:16.300 The works appear in VTechWorks. 00:22:16.300 --> 00:22:19.855 There's three options for getting them into VTechWorks, 00:22:19.855 --> 00:22:23.500 you can use the elements system or EFARs. 00:22:23.500 --> 00:22:27.985 Faculty and graduate students have access to this system. 00:22:27.985 --> 00:22:32.200 We also have two other methods, a deposit form, 00:22:32.200 --> 00:22:36.385 a Google form where you can just put in basic metadata, 00:22:36.385 --> 00:22:41.140 the title journal, DUI and deposit that way. 00:22:41.140 --> 00:22:44.560 You can also send that information in an email to 00:22:44.560 --> 00:22:46.780 VTechWorks and we will get 00:22:46.780 --> 00:22:49.855 the article into the repository. 00:22:49.855 --> 00:22:55.900 Next. In addition to VTechWorks, 00:22:55.900 --> 00:22:59.700 you can also put works directly into 00:22:59.700 --> 00:23:02.100 VTechWorks by registering and then emailing 00:23:02.100 --> 00:23:05.145 us about which collection you want to submit to. 00:23:05.145 --> 00:23:07.920 It's more than just articles you can submit; 00:23:07.920 --> 00:23:11.620 presentations, posters, other works. 00:23:12.180 --> 00:23:17.515 Anything scholarly can be put in there, reports. 00:23:17.515 --> 00:23:19.870 As I mentioned, there are a lot of disciplinary 00:23:19.870 --> 00:23:21.340 repositories out there, 00:23:21.340 --> 00:23:23.515 sometimes they're called pre-print servers. 00:23:23.515 --> 00:23:27.130 Archive is the oldest from the early to mid-90s 00:23:27.130 --> 00:23:30.790 for physics, astronomy, computer science. 00:23:30.790 --> 00:23:33.760 [NOISE] There's also a bio archive 00:23:33.760 --> 00:23:36.310 which has become very popular in the life sciences and 00:23:36.310 --> 00:23:38.590 where many of the COVID pre-prints 00:23:38.590 --> 00:23:40.570 appeared and so there's 00:23:40.570 --> 00:23:43.315 one now for almost every discipline. 00:23:43.315 --> 00:23:45.970 There are also some general pre-print servers like 00:23:45.970 --> 00:23:49.525 the Open Science Framework and preprints.org. 00:23:49.525 --> 00:23:52.210 You can also put articles on 00:23:52.210 --> 00:23:54.520 your website or you 00:23:54.520 --> 00:23:57.430 can add them to commercial repositories. 00:23:57.430 --> 00:24:01.720 You probably heard of ResearchGate and academia.edu. 00:24:01.720 --> 00:24:05.360 These are commercial repositories, 00:24:06.150 --> 00:24:08.890 a lot of platforms online, 00:24:08.890 --> 00:24:11.125 we're not sure exactly how they're going to make money, 00:24:11.125 --> 00:24:12.670 they're probably going to do it through 00:24:12.670 --> 00:24:15.594 your data and advertising. 00:24:15.594 --> 00:24:18.100 If you're relying on journal policies, 00:24:18.100 --> 00:24:20.410 you really need to watch for the non-commercial language 00:24:20.410 --> 00:24:21.850 because many journals have inserted 00:24:21.850 --> 00:24:23.080 this non-commercial language 00:24:23.080 --> 00:24:25.525 in there and that is directly 00:24:25.525 --> 00:24:29.095 aimed at ResearchGate and academia.edu. 00:24:29.095 --> 00:24:36.130 Next. The library is entirely behind 00:24:36.130 --> 00:24:39.610 open access and we tried to create as many services 00:24:39.610 --> 00:24:43.585 and support for open access as we can. 00:24:43.585 --> 00:24:47.840 You can see the top link there is our open-access guide. 00:24:48.150 --> 00:24:53.230 We also have on that guide a lot of information about 00:24:53.230 --> 00:24:57.760 open-access books and open-access book chapters, 00:24:57.760 --> 00:25:01.360 so you may be interested in looking at that, 00:25:01.360 --> 00:25:03.610 particularly if you're in the humanities. 00:25:03.610 --> 00:25:08.365 Our link to the open access policy guide is just below. 00:25:08.365 --> 00:25:10.465 We also have an email address 00:25:10.465 --> 00:25:12.445 if you have any questions about 00:25:12.445 --> 00:25:14.500 using the policy to 00:25:14.500 --> 00:25:16.795 post a version of your article online, 00:25:16.795 --> 00:25:19.330 the accepted version of your article. 00:25:19.330 --> 00:25:22.075 I mentioned this subvention fund earlier, 00:25:22.075 --> 00:25:24.820 that will help our folks who don't have a grant, 00:25:24.820 --> 00:25:27.220 if you want to cover an article processing charge 00:25:27.220 --> 00:25:29.455 in an open-access journal. 00:25:29.455 --> 00:25:33.040 That link is there and that is open to everyone at 00:25:33.040 --> 00:25:38.410 Virginia Tech, so that's available. 00:25:38.410 --> 00:25:42.595 Our repository is VTechWorks and our email is there. 00:25:42.595 --> 00:25:45.820 We're certainly happy to help anyone who 00:25:45.820 --> 00:25:49.630 has questions about posting articles online. 00:25:49.630 --> 00:25:52.360 Then I have a few lakes here about 00:25:52.360 --> 00:25:54.400 finding open access articles, 00:25:54.400 --> 00:25:55.780 most of you are probably already 00:25:55.780 --> 00:25:57.835 familiar with Google Scholar. 00:25:57.835 --> 00:26:01.135 VTechWorks is indexed by Google Scholar. 00:26:01.135 --> 00:26:03.130 Generally, it takes somewhere 00:26:03.130 --> 00:26:04.660 between three and five days for 00:26:04.660 --> 00:26:07.330 an article to be indexed in Google Scholar. 00:26:07.330 --> 00:26:09.640 This is a good way where you can find 00:26:09.640 --> 00:26:13.870 those repository open versions. 00:26:13.870 --> 00:26:18.610 So that's a really valuable tool to have. 00:26:18.610 --> 00:26:22.180 There's also a browser extension called Unpaywall, 00:26:22.180 --> 00:26:24.970 that's available at unpaywall.org. 00:26:24.970 --> 00:26:28.390 That browser extension is for Firefox and Chrome, 00:26:28.390 --> 00:26:31.855 it puts a little green tab 00:26:31.855 --> 00:26:35.545 in your browser window when it finds an open version. 00:26:35.545 --> 00:26:37.510 For example, you hit a paywall on 00:26:37.510 --> 00:26:40.705 a journal site and you see that green tab, 00:26:40.705 --> 00:26:42.250 you can click on the tab and 00:26:42.250 --> 00:26:44.545 retrieve an open version of that article. 00:26:44.545 --> 00:26:48.190 That's a pretty great tool to have in your browser. 00:26:48.190 --> 00:26:50.965 Then OAHelper is very similar, 00:26:50.965 --> 00:26:59.650 although it also has an app for iPhones and iPads. 00:26:59.650 --> 00:27:02.905 With that, I will be 00:27:02.905 --> 00:27:06.290 glad to answer any questions that you might have. 00:27:06.450 --> 00:27:10.285 There is one question in the Chat. 00:27:10.285 --> 00:27:13.630 The student's asking, can posting your article in 00:27:13.630 --> 00:27:15.820 an open-access site for Virginia Tech 00:27:15.820 --> 00:27:18.280 violate publishing requirements by journals? 00:27:18.280 --> 00:27:20.410 Would you like to take that question? 00:27:20.410 --> 00:27:25.660 Sure. The main way that you can 00:27:25.660 --> 00:27:30.670 violate journal policies is by posting 00:27:30.670 --> 00:27:36.340 the published version and we've seen this 00:27:36.340 --> 00:27:39.250 quite a bit in VTechWorks and we 00:27:39.250 --> 00:27:40.870 usually have to email the author and 00:27:40.870 --> 00:27:43.015 ask for the accepted manuscript. 00:27:43.015 --> 00:27:45.130 That's the main way. 00:27:45.130 --> 00:27:47.080 The big advantage of having 00:27:47.080 --> 00:27:50.290 the open access policy now is that you are 00:27:50.290 --> 00:27:52.690 depositing your accepted manuscript 00:27:52.690 --> 00:27:56.630 under a non-exclusive license given to the university. 00:27:56.630 --> 00:28:00.510 You're not depositing it under the journal's policies, 00:28:00.510 --> 00:28:04.485 so in a way we're bypassing journal policies. 00:28:04.485 --> 00:28:08.790 There are probably close to 100 universities in 00:28:08.790 --> 00:28:13.740 the United States that have similar policies and so we're 00:28:13.740 --> 00:28:15.450 really happy that we've joined 00:28:15.450 --> 00:28:17.730 those universities and can upload 00:28:17.730 --> 00:28:20.910 those accepted manuscripts without 00:28:20.910 --> 00:28:23.980 worrying about journal policies. 00:28:23.980 --> 00:28:28.090 Journals have not contacted us 00:28:28.090 --> 00:28:29.710 or we don't get sent 00:28:29.710 --> 00:28:31.975 any take-down notices or anything like that, 00:28:31.975 --> 00:28:34.090 so it hasn't been a problem. 00:28:34.090 --> 00:28:37.405 As long as you're depositing the correct version, 00:28:37.405 --> 00:28:40.790 then you don't have anything to worry about. 00:28:43.980 --> 00:28:46.330 Any other questions? 00:28:46.330 --> 00:28:48.565 There is another question. 00:28:48.565 --> 00:28:51.429 A few of my articles are now open access, 00:28:51.429 --> 00:28:53.590 ie they are out of the embargo period. 00:28:53.590 --> 00:28:57.590 Now, can I still deposit them in the tech works? 00:28:59.820 --> 00:29:03.610 Yes, absolutely. As I mentioned, 00:29:03.610 --> 00:29:05.950 as long as they're not the published version 00:29:05.950 --> 00:29:08.365 and there the accepted manuscript, 00:29:08.365 --> 00:29:11.035 there should be no problem at all. 00:29:11.035 --> 00:29:15.505 Then we also collect open access published articles. 00:29:15.505 --> 00:29:18.535 It's good to have them in multiple places. 00:29:18.535 --> 00:29:23.170 The websites do go down and also people 00:29:23.170 --> 00:29:25.450 searching in the Virginia Tech website will 00:29:25.450 --> 00:29:28.630 find Virginia Tech research that way. 00:29:28.630 --> 00:29:31.150 We're very well indexed by 00:29:31.150 --> 00:29:36.350 the VT website as well as the library catalog, 00:29:36.510 --> 00:29:39.460 search engines, Google Scholar, 00:29:39.460 --> 00:29:42.385 and paywall so our index is in a lot of different places. 00:29:42.385 --> 00:29:43.750 Then if it's somebody took works, 00:29:43.750 --> 00:29:45.920 people should be able to find it. 00:29:49.170 --> 00:29:53.440 Great. Those are our two questions. 00:29:53.440 --> 00:29:55.780 If you have other questions that you 00:29:55.780 --> 00:29:58.135 want to ask and you want to ask 00:29:58.135 --> 00:30:03.880 anonymously you can use the mentee.com slide too 00:30:03.880 --> 00:30:05.740 the what questions do you still 00:30:05.740 --> 00:30:11.720 have to enter questions or you can use the chat. 00:30:11.940 --> 00:30:16.420 We're going to continue with the next presentation. 00:30:16.420 --> 00:30:20.110 Thank you, Philip, so much for that and we'll be hearing 00:30:20.110 --> 00:30:24.800 more from Philip during the panel discussion as well. 00:30:24.810 --> 00:30:27.280 I'm going to talk a bit about 00:30:27.280 --> 00:30:29.770 Open Educational Resources and I would 00:30:29.770 --> 00:30:31.480 love to see a show of 00:30:31.480 --> 00:30:34.825 hands if you have heard of these before. 00:30:34.825 --> 00:30:39.415 If you wouldn't mind raising your hand in the responses 00:30:39.415 --> 00:30:41.830 just because it's helpful for me to 00:30:41.830 --> 00:30:45.820 know how familiar people are with these things. 00:30:45.820 --> 00:30:51.410 I'm seeing a few hands, that's good. 00:30:52.890 --> 00:30:56.350 Open Educational Resources we tend to talk 00:30:56.350 --> 00:31:00.130 about being similar to Open Access. 00:31:00.130 --> 00:31:02.080 It's not about research, 00:31:02.080 --> 00:31:04.360 but they are about teaching. 00:31:04.360 --> 00:31:08.800 Open Educational Resources are different than open 00:31:08.800 --> 00:31:13.435 access with regard to often their purpose. 00:31:13.435 --> 00:31:16.225 They can include scholarly works, 00:31:16.225 --> 00:31:18.430 but they usually include 00:31:18.430 --> 00:31:20.860 works that are specifically made for teaching. 00:31:20.860 --> 00:31:24.160 A second differentiating point is how 00:31:24.160 --> 00:31:28.090 they're situated in the digital and analog environments. 00:31:28.090 --> 00:31:33.130 Open Access tends to be completely digital. 00:31:33.130 --> 00:31:36.220 Open Educational Resources are mostly digital, 00:31:36.220 --> 00:31:40.225 but there are some print versions of digital objects. 00:31:40.225 --> 00:31:43.555 Then to complicate matters further, 00:31:43.555 --> 00:31:49.390 Open Educational Resources have licenses that can vary. 00:31:49.390 --> 00:31:53.995 They typically require that an item 00:31:53.995 --> 00:31:59.270 that is published be adaptable, be customizable. 00:31:59.850 --> 00:32:02.890 They will have a license that 00:32:02.890 --> 00:32:05.350 would allow customization as opposed to 00:32:05.350 --> 00:32:07.555 a license that does not allow 00:32:07.555 --> 00:32:10.855 customization or being fully in copyright. 00:32:10.855 --> 00:32:13.225 Maybe free online, maybe not. 00:32:13.225 --> 00:32:16.180 We'll come back to some of these distinctions these are 00:32:16.180 --> 00:32:18.835 interesting to know about, 00:32:18.835 --> 00:32:23.270 but this is a level of detail that you will not remember. 00:32:24.600 --> 00:32:28.720 Just as basic definition of Open Educational Resources. 00:32:28.720 --> 00:32:30.250 I'm going to give you a second to read 00:32:30.250 --> 00:32:38.570 this and then we will move on to lots of examples. 00:32:58.110 --> 00:33:02.440 OER are freely and publicly available, 00:33:02.440 --> 00:33:05.050 they have either a license or are in 00:33:05.050 --> 00:33:09.415 the public domain and the license allows their free use, 00:33:09.415 --> 00:33:12.985 reuse, modification, and sharing with other people. 00:33:12.985 --> 00:33:16.060 This is different than works that are in 00:33:16.060 --> 00:33:19.555 copyright and have no open license on them. 00:33:19.555 --> 00:33:22.420 They have a flexibility that is 00:33:22.420 --> 00:33:24.970 very valuable for instruction 00:33:24.970 --> 00:33:27.670 because everyone teaches a little bit differently and 00:33:27.670 --> 00:33:29.410 everyone's groups of students are 00:33:29.410 --> 00:33:31.735 a little bit different and have different needs. 00:33:31.735 --> 00:33:35.545 They can also include many different kinds of materials. 00:33:35.545 --> 00:33:39.760 Everything from [NOISE] Canvas modules to textbooks, 00:33:39.760 --> 00:33:44.260 to videos, to exams, software, other tools. 00:33:44.260 --> 00:33:48.730 They're primarily marked by these three licenses, 00:33:48.730 --> 00:33:52.615 or by actually there's one more, 00:33:52.615 --> 00:33:56.450 or they are in the public domain. 00:33:58.290 --> 00:34:03.415 The Creative Commons licenses that 00:34:03.415 --> 00:34:10.070 allow adaptation are typically considered to be open. 00:34:10.710 --> 00:34:15.010 The license that does not allow derivatives, 00:34:15.010 --> 00:34:18.490 the ND license typically 00:34:18.490 --> 00:34:20.830 is not considered to be open enough. 00:34:20.830 --> 00:34:22.420 Materials with this license are 00:34:22.420 --> 00:34:24.655 still very useful and valuable, 00:34:24.655 --> 00:34:26.650 but they cannot be customized 00:34:26.650 --> 00:34:30.110 in the same way as other materials can be. 00:34:30.780 --> 00:34:33.610 Things that are most open, 00:34:33.610 --> 00:34:34.930 are the ones at 00:34:34.930 --> 00:34:39.860 the top and the least open towards the bottom. 00:34:40.200 --> 00:34:43.945 Open Educational Resources might be digital, 00:34:43.945 --> 00:34:45.370 they might be print, 00:34:45.370 --> 00:34:46.930 they might be books, they might be 00:34:46.930 --> 00:34:48.760 something that you find online. 00:34:48.760 --> 00:34:51.535 The purposes and the formats 00:34:51.535 --> 00:34:53.680 vary as broadly as you 00:34:53.680 --> 00:34:56.665 can think of educational materials. 00:34:56.665 --> 00:35:01.435 There are a lot of different things you can do with OER. 00:35:01.435 --> 00:35:04.510 If you are a course TA and you're 00:35:04.510 --> 00:35:08.035 looking to become a professor in the future, 00:35:08.035 --> 00:35:11.425 I hope that you will take advantage of some of 00:35:11.425 --> 00:35:14.980 the available open textbooks and other 00:35:14.980 --> 00:35:17.140 Open Educational Resources written by 00:35:17.140 --> 00:35:20.470 faculty from all around the world. 00:35:20.470 --> 00:35:22.780 Some of these are located in 00:35:22.780 --> 00:35:24.580 the place called the Open Textbook Library, 00:35:24.580 --> 00:35:27.790 which has almost 1,000 open textbooks in 00:35:27.790 --> 00:35:32.365 it and is a really great resource for finding books. 00:35:32.365 --> 00:35:36.460 But there are a lot of other resources 00:35:36.460 --> 00:35:39.370 namely things that you might use for 00:35:39.370 --> 00:35:42.700 teaching that you would have to actually create. 00:35:42.700 --> 00:35:45.520 This is a video series we worked on with 00:35:45.520 --> 00:35:48.145 the College of Veterinary Medicine 00:35:48.145 --> 00:35:53.245 to do a standard animal exam. 00:35:53.245 --> 00:35:55.750 It's released under an open license 00:35:55.750 --> 00:35:57.190 which allows other people 00:35:57.190 --> 00:36:03.010 to adopt it and customize it to fit their needs. 00:36:03.010 --> 00:36:04.960 If they have a different sequence 00:36:04.960 --> 00:36:07.135 of giving a dog an exam, 00:36:07.135 --> 00:36:10.450 they could change the video around if they wanted to. 00:36:10.450 --> 00:36:13.610 It offers a lot of flexibility. 00:36:13.650 --> 00:36:17.080 We've had some people create learning 00:36:17.080 --> 00:36:20.725 resources such as a virtual reality dog, horse, 00:36:20.725 --> 00:36:24.670 and cow through a partnership 00:36:24.670 --> 00:36:27.909 between the Veterinary Med College, 00:36:27.909 --> 00:36:33.505 the ICAT, and the university libraries. 00:36:33.505 --> 00:36:36.730 This is a helpful tool 00:36:36.730 --> 00:36:40.690 for being able to see inside an animal without having 00:36:40.690 --> 00:36:45.190 an actual animal available to you to open up or 00:36:45.190 --> 00:36:47.260 one that is in 00:36:47.260 --> 00:36:51.445 a different posture than you would normally examine, 00:36:51.445 --> 00:36:55.160 such as a cadaver animal. 00:36:58.350 --> 00:37:02.890 These are all recent or forthcoming publications. 00:37:02.890 --> 00:37:04.795 A number of people who have 00:37:04.795 --> 00:37:08.170 created collections of materials that are very 00:37:08.170 --> 00:37:11.605 specific for specific courses 00:37:11.605 --> 00:37:14.620 that are specific to a methodology. 00:37:14.620 --> 00:37:16.990 For example, the storytelling on screen 00:37:16.990 --> 00:37:19.510 is a guidebook and the collection 00:37:19.510 --> 00:37:23.095 of video examples that 00:37:23.095 --> 00:37:26.870 describe a particular theater methodology. 00:37:27.270 --> 00:37:30.055 Teaching in the university 00:37:30.055 --> 00:37:33.895 will be released in the coming weeks. 00:37:33.895 --> 00:37:37.855 This is a collection of graduate student-created works. 00:37:37.855 --> 00:37:39.790 Cals has a program 00:37:39.790 --> 00:37:41.785 called the Graduate Teaching Scholars, 00:37:41.785 --> 00:37:43.990 and many of their students and 00:37:43.990 --> 00:37:46.240 recent graduates authored chapters 00:37:46.240 --> 00:37:48.415 in this book about learning how to teach, 00:37:48.415 --> 00:37:52.640 and it's very exciting. 00:37:52.800 --> 00:37:55.690 Two of our panelists will probably 00:37:55.690 --> 00:37:57.700 talk about the cell biology, genetics, 00:37:57.700 --> 00:37:59.500 and biochemistry books for 00:37:59.500 --> 00:38:01.060 pre-clinical students and 00:38:01.060 --> 00:38:04.000 the neuroscience book for pre-clinical students. 00:38:04.000 --> 00:38:07.930 Then we have authors who do a lot of writing 00:38:07.930 --> 00:38:13.900 in engineering topics that have a lot of math in them. 00:38:13.900 --> 00:38:16.930 There are different things that you can create and 00:38:16.930 --> 00:38:18.280 different things that people here 00:38:18.280 --> 00:38:20.140 at Virginia Tech are creating. 00:38:20.140 --> 00:38:24.070 One of the values of creating and sharing 00:38:24.070 --> 00:38:27.940 these works under an open license and 00:38:27.940 --> 00:38:31.225 releasing them to the public is that something 00:38:31.225 --> 00:38:37.675 that was released about one year ago, 00:38:37.675 --> 00:38:40.209 has had a very large number of downloads. 00:38:40.209 --> 00:38:41.440 This particular book, 00:38:41.440 --> 00:38:43.435 Intro to Biosystems Engineering, 00:38:43.435 --> 00:38:45.580 was featured last year 00:38:45.580 --> 00:38:48.310 in the presentation for this course, 00:38:48.310 --> 00:38:53.485 and it has just over 34,000 downloads in about 12 months. 00:38:53.485 --> 00:38:55.795 It is also being translated, 00:38:55.795 --> 00:38:58.075 I believe, into Farsi. 00:38:58.075 --> 00:39:00.310 We're not translating it, 00:39:00.310 --> 00:39:03.985 but the open license allows someone else to translate it 00:39:03.985 --> 00:39:10.195 and to show the value of this work. 00:39:10.195 --> 00:39:13.060 Then we've had experiences 00:39:13.060 --> 00:39:16.060 where professors have come to us and said, 00:39:16.060 --> 00:39:19.810 I like this open textbook but it doesn't quite fit. 00:39:19.810 --> 00:39:22.930 We've worked with them to adopt 00:39:22.930 --> 00:39:26.710 works into something that does work for them, 00:39:26.710 --> 00:39:28.600 and we use a lot of different platforms. 00:39:28.600 --> 00:39:30.745 This is the Press Books platform, 00:39:30.745 --> 00:39:33.760 and we use that to create HTML, 00:39:33.760 --> 00:39:37.645 PDFs, ePubs, and print versions, 00:39:37.645 --> 00:39:40.375 or PDFs for print versions. 00:39:40.375 --> 00:39:42.160 This is the third edition, 00:39:42.160 --> 00:39:43.885 we're working on the fourth edition. 00:39:43.885 --> 00:39:47.260 Since 2016, we have had over 2.5 00:39:47.260 --> 00:39:51.445 million downloads from this adapted work. 00:39:51.445 --> 00:39:54.310 We are able to offer 00:39:54.310 --> 00:39:56.965 a print-on-demand version for eight dollars. 00:39:56.965 --> 00:39:59.635 This is over 300-page book, 00:39:59.635 --> 00:40:03.550 and we're really excited that it's used in 00:40:03.550 --> 00:40:05.740 the required Intro to 00:40:05.740 --> 00:40:08.320 Business Foundations of Business course at 00:40:08.320 --> 00:40:14.484 Virginia Tech as well as 50 other schools. 00:40:14.484 --> 00:40:16.750 I think the number is higher than that, 00:40:16.750 --> 00:40:19.375 but it's at least that. 00:40:19.375 --> 00:40:22.255 Why does this matter? 00:40:22.255 --> 00:40:27.610 If you have been in the bookstore, 00:40:27.610 --> 00:40:30.670 and not to belittle the bookstore, 00:40:30.670 --> 00:40:33.730 but if you have tried to purchase course materials, 00:40:33.730 --> 00:40:36.680 you know that they are very expensive. 00:40:37.080 --> 00:40:40.660 If one of your professors was maybe in 00:40:40.660 --> 00:40:44.815 school a few years earlier, 00:40:44.815 --> 00:40:49.780 books were a lot cheaper then and the rate of inflation, 00:40:49.780 --> 00:40:53.330 which is this flat line right here, 00:40:53.700 --> 00:41:00.070 the college textbooks have exceeded the rate of 00:41:00.070 --> 00:41:05.695 inflation by several 100 percent. 00:41:05.695 --> 00:41:09.040 We are seeing right now a lot of flattening out. 00:41:09.040 --> 00:41:11.350 We're not seeing a reduction 00:41:11.350 --> 00:41:13.210 in the cost of college textbooks, 00:41:13.210 --> 00:41:15.055 but we are seeing that 00:41:15.055 --> 00:41:18.850 because of probably a lot of reasons, 00:41:18.850 --> 00:41:20.185 students not buying, 00:41:20.185 --> 00:41:23.140 students renting, OER, 00:41:23.140 --> 00:41:25.870 some other models we're seeing a little bit of 00:41:25.870 --> 00:41:28.450 flattening in the college textbook prices, 00:41:28.450 --> 00:41:31.870 but we're not seeing a sharp downward trend 00:41:31.870 --> 00:41:34.480 remotely for books that 00:41:34.480 --> 00:41:38.390 students can actually buy and keep. 00:41:38.820 --> 00:41:43.075 What are some of the trends that 00:41:43.075 --> 00:41:46.930 publishers are pushing on? 00:41:46.930 --> 00:41:53.060 One is to instantiate these direct billing programs. 00:41:53.640 --> 00:41:59.100 These are primarily undergraduate materials, 00:41:59.100 --> 00:42:01.935 but it's a program where the publisher 00:42:01.935 --> 00:42:07.150 would bill the student 00:42:07.150 --> 00:42:12.565 directly without much of a very clear opt-out. 00:42:12.565 --> 00:42:15.790 The student would have to pay the fee, 00:42:15.790 --> 00:42:17.815 get to rent the material, 00:42:17.815 --> 00:42:21.820 and not have the option to buy a used copy, 00:42:21.820 --> 00:42:23.990 buy a print copy. 00:42:24.120 --> 00:42:27.910 We are discouraging this option 00:42:27.910 --> 00:42:30.715 because it reduces student choice. 00:42:30.715 --> 00:42:34.000 We feel like it aims to establish 00:42:34.000 --> 00:42:37.435 a monopoly in departments or in campus. 00:42:37.435 --> 00:42:40.660 It does raise questions 00:42:40.660 --> 00:42:43.750 around privacy and the use of student data. 00:42:43.750 --> 00:42:46.495 We're concerned about these trends. 00:42:46.495 --> 00:42:50.965 We know that five publishing companies 00:42:50.965 --> 00:42:54.970 have about 80 percent of the textbook market share. 00:42:54.970 --> 00:42:58.060 We know that they're moving to 00:42:58.060 --> 00:43:00.820 online-only options so students have 00:43:00.820 --> 00:43:02.980 less ability to keep 00:43:02.980 --> 00:43:06.805 a print version to share it with a friend. 00:43:06.805 --> 00:43:08.980 We know that publishers are 00:43:08.980 --> 00:43:11.124 really seeing lots of new additions. 00:43:11.124 --> 00:43:12.670 This is very true, 00:43:12.670 --> 00:43:15.340 especially in the undergraduate programs 00:43:15.340 --> 00:43:17.440 or large enrollment courses. 00:43:17.440 --> 00:43:19.450 We know that a lot of companies 00:43:19.450 --> 00:43:21.100 are repositioning themselves, 00:43:21.100 --> 00:43:23.754 either as software or data companies. 00:43:23.754 --> 00:43:26.755 That makes us ask a lot of questions 00:43:26.755 --> 00:43:31.255 about privacy and what 00:43:31.255 --> 00:43:32.890 exactly are these companies 00:43:32.890 --> 00:43:34.930 selling and how are they using the data 00:43:34.930 --> 00:43:38.890 that we are generating as readers. 00:43:38.890 --> 00:43:41.365 Philip, thank you for the links. 00:43:41.365 --> 00:43:44.170 Some other reasons why 00:43:44.170 --> 00:43:47.020 these are problems is that oftentimes 00:43:47.020 --> 00:43:50.410 authors and course materials selectors don't have 00:43:50.410 --> 00:43:52.600 the information or the incentives or 00:43:52.600 --> 00:43:53.650 the options to do 00:43:53.650 --> 00:43:56.125 something that's a little bit different. 00:43:56.125 --> 00:43:59.470 If an author does not know that they 00:43:59.470 --> 00:44:02.020 could maybe author a book 00:44:02.020 --> 00:44:03.610 and then say when it's out of print, 00:44:03.610 --> 00:44:06.910 I want you to make it automatically open access under 00:44:06.910 --> 00:44:11.110 this license or they might say, 00:44:11.110 --> 00:44:13.150 I don't want to work with the commercial publisher. 00:44:13.150 --> 00:44:15.190 Maybe I will work with a group like 00:44:15.190 --> 00:44:17.860 the Open Education Initiative through 00:44:17.860 --> 00:44:20.410 the university libraries to publish the work 00:44:20.410 --> 00:44:21.850 or work with Virginia Tech 00:44:21.850 --> 00:44:24.070 publishing to publish the work. 00:44:24.070 --> 00:44:28.870 We know that readers really favorite lowest cost, 00:44:28.870 --> 00:44:31.070 and we know, 00:44:32.610 --> 00:44:36.760 anecdotally anyway, that it's pretty common for 00:44:36.760 --> 00:44:40.525 people to look for the course materials online, 00:44:40.525 --> 00:44:43.180 which has a lot of ethical issues, 00:44:43.180 --> 00:44:44.800 but we understand why people do it. 00:44:44.800 --> 00:44:46.195 We do not encourage it, 00:44:46.195 --> 00:44:50.780 but we know that publishers respond to that too. 00:44:51.720 --> 00:44:56.140 What's the impact of students 00:44:56.140 --> 00:45:00.650 not being able to afford the materials? 00:45:00.930 --> 00:45:03.910 Definitely not purchasing so you 00:45:03.910 --> 00:45:06.220 can't keep something that you don't have. 00:45:06.220 --> 00:45:11.260 Lower grades, sometimes course failure. 00:45:11.260 --> 00:45:15.985 These data are from a very large Florida survey. 00:45:15.985 --> 00:45:18.835 We are just getting Virginia data. 00:45:18.835 --> 00:45:22.345 There's an event during 00:45:22.345 --> 00:45:25.375 Open Education Week that 00:45:25.375 --> 00:45:27.865 we'll talk about the Virginia data, 00:45:27.865 --> 00:45:31.930 and using this and other specific questions 00:45:31.930 --> 00:45:35.830 that are benchmark to some of the prior surveys. 00:45:35.830 --> 00:45:44.035 [NOISE] I borrowed this slide from my colleague Kayla, 00:45:44.035 --> 00:45:47.050 and there are a few different places 00:45:47.050 --> 00:45:51.440 to locate open educational resources. 00:45:51.450 --> 00:45:58.030 One of the main places to look is OER Commons. 00:45:58.030 --> 00:46:02.800 We do have a local learning object repository 00:46:02.800 --> 00:46:06.460 that's primarily for library instruction. 00:46:06.460 --> 00:46:09.550 You probably have heard of MIT OpenCourseWare and 00:46:09.550 --> 00:46:11.440 then two others that 00:46:11.440 --> 00:46:13.210 we talked about a little bit earlier, 00:46:13.210 --> 00:46:16.120 [NOISE] OpenStax and the Open Textbook Library. 00:46:16.120 --> 00:46:20.910 I want to encourage you also to think about 00:46:20.910 --> 00:46:23.700 how open education and OER 00:46:23.700 --> 00:46:27.060 can recenter education on students, 00:46:27.060 --> 00:46:30.600 so you make it less about the learning resource, 00:46:30.600 --> 00:46:32.835 less about the professor, 00:46:32.835 --> 00:46:35.845 less about the cost of learning, 00:46:35.845 --> 00:46:39.010 but more about the students because 00:46:39.010 --> 00:46:42.460 you can make or adapt materials with students, 00:46:42.460 --> 00:46:45.815 not just for students as consumers. 00:46:45.815 --> 00:46:48.255 There's a lot of benefit 00:46:48.255 --> 00:46:52.740 to embracing these practices that I think 00:46:52.740 --> 00:46:56.160 serves as a corrective for some of the things that 00:46:56.160 --> 00:46:57.600 happen in higher education 00:46:57.600 --> 00:47:00.285 that we're really not happy about. 00:47:00.285 --> 00:47:03.915 Giving others credit is really important. 00:47:03.915 --> 00:47:06.570 Sharing, using open licenses, 00:47:06.570 --> 00:47:09.635 integrating new ideas about teaching and learning, 00:47:09.635 --> 00:47:13.880 giving feedback, receiving feedback. 00:47:14.550 --> 00:47:17.125 These are some of the values 00:47:17.125 --> 00:47:19.460 that are embedded in this work. 00:47:20.220 --> 00:47:23.110 I will let you take a look at these later, 00:47:23.110 --> 00:47:25.510 but these are two different projects where students 00:47:25.510 --> 00:47:28.345 have made significant contributions 00:47:28.345 --> 00:47:31.030 to sharing or to 00:47:31.030 --> 00:47:34.705 adaptation and sharing in open resources. 00:47:34.705 --> 00:47:37.810 You have two questions and if you don't 00:47:37.810 --> 00:47:40.180 have any right now, 00:47:40.180 --> 00:47:44.840 please add some to the chat. 00:47:45.780 --> 00:47:49.000 Does anybody wants to ask anything? 00:47:49.000 --> 00:47:52.250 You could just probably raise your hand as well. 00:47:52.410 --> 00:47:55.315 "For MIT OpenCourseWare, can you 00:47:55.315 --> 00:47:57.610 access the instructor materials rules, 00:47:57.610 --> 00:48:02.590 the class materials?" I don't know. 00:48:02.590 --> 00:48:06.440 I know in MIT OpenCourseWare, 00:48:11.040 --> 00:48:14.695 I know that there are things that you cannot access. 00:48:14.695 --> 00:48:17.845 They don't tend to be assessment materials. 00:48:17.845 --> 00:48:20.965 If they do offer assessment materials, 00:48:20.965 --> 00:48:22.900 then they're not restricted 00:48:22.900 --> 00:48:25.660 to just faculty or grad students 00:48:25.660 --> 00:48:28.090 so your undergrads could get 00:48:28.090 --> 00:48:30.865 into them too if that's your question, 00:48:30.865 --> 00:48:32.815 are there things that are only for 00:48:32.815 --> 00:48:36.890 assessment that instructors could get into. 00:48:38.070 --> 00:48:40.735 The other thing that you might mean is 00:48:40.735 --> 00:48:43.525 instructor materials like slides and 00:48:43.525 --> 00:48:48.385 examples and teaching ideas, 00:48:48.385 --> 00:48:51.655 not just curriculum resources. 00:48:51.655 --> 00:48:54.590 Yes, some of those are also there. 00:48:56.910 --> 00:49:01.765 I think we'll move on to Jonathan Petters and 00:49:01.765 --> 00:49:07.060 let him talk with you a bit about open data. 00:49:07.060 --> 00:49:12.980 Jonathan, if you would go ahead and unmute. 00:49:15.210 --> 00:49:17.200 I am unmuted. 00:49:17.200 --> 00:49:18.205 Great. 00:49:18.205 --> 00:49:20.020 Am I driving these slides, 00:49:20.020 --> 00:49:21.880 should I share my screen whatever you want? 00:49:21.880 --> 00:49:24.235 Let's have you share your screen. 00:49:24.235 --> 00:49:33.290 Okay, I shall share my screen. Slide showing up? 00:49:33.420 --> 00:49:38.380 Yes. 00:49:38.380 --> 00:49:40.870 Good. Okay. Great. Thank you, Kim. 00:49:40.870 --> 00:49:47.620 [NOISE] Let me share my video as well. Start video. 00:49:47.620 --> 00:49:51.895 Hi, everybody. John Petters 00:49:51.895 --> 00:49:52.900 and we'll talk a little bit 00:49:52.900 --> 00:49:55.600 about something a little different, 00:49:55.600 --> 00:49:58.375 providing open access to data, 00:49:58.375 --> 00:50:00.010 not educational resources, 00:50:00.010 --> 00:50:02.680 not publications and manuscripts. 00:50:02.680 --> 00:50:04.540 I won't talk a lot about business and 00:50:04.540 --> 00:50:06.430 cost models in this discussion 00:50:06.430 --> 00:50:07.780 because they don't exist yet. 00:50:07.780 --> 00:50:09.280 Don't worry, the publishing 00:50:09.280 --> 00:50:10.720 enterprise is trying to find ways to 00:50:10.720 --> 00:50:13.825 make money off this like they do off other things. 00:50:13.825 --> 00:50:15.445 But it hasn't happened yet. 00:50:15.445 --> 00:50:16.660 We're not going to talk a lot about 00:50:16.660 --> 00:50:17.680 cost and business models, 00:50:17.680 --> 00:50:19.150 it's going to be more introductory about 00:50:19.150 --> 00:50:21.070 the concepts behind open data 00:50:21.070 --> 00:50:25.550 and some of the challenges we face in making this happen. 00:50:26.090 --> 00:50:28.620 Following a little bit of what Philip was 00:50:28.620 --> 00:50:32.845 discussing regarding Scholar Communications, 00:50:32.845 --> 00:50:35.935 take a quick little historical perspective on things. 00:50:35.935 --> 00:50:38.155 For a long time, Western world, 00:50:38.155 --> 00:50:40.225 350, 400 years now, 00:50:40.225 --> 00:50:43.060 primary ways research results 00:50:43.060 --> 00:50:44.950 have been shared is in books and 00:50:44.950 --> 00:50:49.705 journals and fast-forward to the future 21st century. 00:50:49.705 --> 00:50:51.070 How are we sharing most of 00:50:51.070 --> 00:50:55.345 our research results in journals and in books. 00:50:55.345 --> 00:50:56.830 That changed a whole lot 00:50:56.830 --> 00:51:00.220 these days in how we're doing things primarily. 00:51:00.220 --> 00:51:03.265 But there is this new wild thing called the Internet. 00:51:03.265 --> 00:51:04.915 Maybe you've heard about it. 00:51:04.915 --> 00:51:08.485 It's a great. It share pretty cute puppy pictures. 00:51:08.485 --> 00:51:10.165 But it also means we can share a lot of 00:51:10.165 --> 00:51:13.615 other things than just text in print. 00:51:13.615 --> 00:51:14.980 We can share a whole bunch of 00:51:14.980 --> 00:51:17.005 other things associated with our research. 00:51:17.005 --> 00:51:18.340 We can share software. 00:51:18.340 --> 00:51:20.770 We can share the data underlying our results, 00:51:20.770 --> 00:51:22.180 we can share particles. 00:51:22.180 --> 00:51:24.040 We can preregister our trials 00:51:24.040 --> 00:51:25.855 of research before we even do them. 00:51:25.855 --> 00:51:27.220 There's a whole bunch of other stuff we can 00:51:27.220 --> 00:51:29.380 share now, very easily, 00:51:29.380 --> 00:51:32.230 where previously it was much more challenging to share, 00:51:32.230 --> 00:51:34.930 share a piece of data or you'll 00:51:34.930 --> 00:51:38.070 get gigabyte or a megabyte of data before the Internet. 00:51:38.070 --> 00:51:39.840 But now for anybody who 00:51:39.840 --> 00:51:41.880 has an Internet connection, this can be done. 00:51:41.880 --> 00:51:45.225 We can do this and it's much easier. 00:51:45.225 --> 00:51:46.770 This is not the same thing. 00:51:46.770 --> 00:51:48.975 One generation ago, 90s, 80s, 00:51:48.975 --> 00:51:51.225 the idea of sharing such things so easily 00:51:51.225 --> 00:51:54.950 was not realized, but now we can. 00:51:54.950 --> 00:51:57.265 We can share other research outputs. 00:51:57.265 --> 00:51:58.930 What does this allow if we 00:51:58.930 --> 00:52:00.700 can share the research outlets like data, 00:52:00.700 --> 00:52:02.920 I'm going to focus primarily on research data. 00:52:02.920 --> 00:52:04.990 But you can think about these other things when I 00:52:04.990 --> 00:52:07.750 say data software protocols. 00:52:07.750 --> 00:52:10.915 Well, like if it's a facilitate new research pathways, 00:52:10.915 --> 00:52:13.135 if we provide the data 00:52:13.135 --> 00:52:15.490 underlying a bunch of research publications, 00:52:15.490 --> 00:52:17.305 that data can be aggregated together 00:52:17.305 --> 00:52:19.450 from this study and from that study and they 00:52:19.450 --> 00:52:21.400 can put them together and we can do 00:52:21.400 --> 00:52:22.720 a new study involving all of 00:52:22.720 --> 00:52:24.865 these data products all at the same time. 00:52:24.865 --> 00:52:26.740 Do a meta-analysis, for example, 00:52:26.740 --> 00:52:28.060 or just combining data 00:52:28.060 --> 00:52:29.905 from one discipline to another discipline. 00:52:29.905 --> 00:52:31.990 Creola for new research. 00:52:31.990 --> 00:52:35.695 Share your work. We're doing research. 00:52:35.695 --> 00:52:37.990 If you've ever really tried to 00:52:37.990 --> 00:52:42.250 replicate a research paper, 00:52:42.250 --> 00:52:44.200 probably you didn't have enough details 00:52:44.200 --> 00:52:45.715 to do it just from the narrative. 00:52:45.715 --> 00:52:47.815 If there's lot more stuff that's going on, 00:52:47.815 --> 00:52:49.149 that's not in the publication 00:52:49.149 --> 00:52:51.940 itself and it's much easier to figure out 00:52:51.940 --> 00:52:54.160 what a researcher has done if you can see the data 00:52:54.160 --> 00:52:55.630 underlying the research and 00:52:55.630 --> 00:52:57.820 the techniques and all that other stuff. 00:52:57.820 --> 00:53:00.580 This goes hand-in-hand with transparency. 00:53:00.580 --> 00:53:01.840 So we can see what other people are doing, 00:53:01.840 --> 00:53:03.325 but also be in a position to 00:53:03.325 --> 00:53:05.890 reproduce or replicate what they're doing. 00:53:05.890 --> 00:53:11.680 [NOISE] Depending on what discipline you work in, 00:53:11.680 --> 00:53:13.645 this could be something you might have heard of. 00:53:13.645 --> 00:53:16.495 The concept of a reproducibility crisis. 00:53:16.495 --> 00:53:18.880 As a crisis sometimes it's a strong word, 00:53:18.880 --> 00:53:22.180 but there are sometimes disturbing stories that come out. 00:53:22.180 --> 00:53:25.270 This one comes out from a well-known story so they called 00:53:25.270 --> 00:53:28.360 the Amgen study from 2016 where 00:53:28.360 --> 00:53:32.305 this biotech research company tried to reproduce 00:53:32.305 --> 00:53:34.900 50 or so studies 00:53:34.900 --> 00:53:37.525 that were peer-reviewed published studies, 00:53:37.525 --> 00:53:40.960 it can only reproduce three out of 50. 00:53:40.960 --> 00:53:42.685 That's disturbing. 00:53:42.685 --> 00:53:44.350 We'd like to think that research we're building 00:53:44.350 --> 00:53:47.470 our work on is progressing. 00:53:47.470 --> 00:53:49.330 We build on top of it and we keep on progressing. 00:53:49.330 --> 00:53:51.985 Well, if we can't reproduce the work previously, 00:53:51.985 --> 00:53:54.775 it poses a problem for us as researchers. 00:53:54.775 --> 00:53:56.990 The data being made available, 00:53:56.990 --> 00:53:58.380 gives us a better opportunity to 00:53:58.380 --> 00:54:01.020 reproduce the work of previous folks. 00:54:01.020 --> 00:54:03.060 Those are all the happy fun things, 00:54:03.060 --> 00:54:04.530 happy fun reasons why we should do this, 00:54:04.530 --> 00:54:07.020 but also funders and journals more and 00:54:07.020 --> 00:54:10.325 more are requiring this to happen. 00:54:10.325 --> 00:54:12.640 Journals are requiring a data 00:54:12.640 --> 00:54:14.845 associated with the manuscripts being made available. 00:54:14.845 --> 00:54:18.325 Funders are saying, especially the federal funders, 00:54:18.325 --> 00:54:20.710 government funders, while the taxpayers paid for this, 00:54:20.710 --> 00:54:23.090 they should be able to see it. 00:54:23.100 --> 00:54:25.600 More and more you're going to see requirements 00:54:25.600 --> 00:54:27.220 the data is made accessible, 00:54:27.220 --> 00:54:28.840 including from the research you're doing here at 00:54:28.840 --> 00:54:33.430 Virginia Tech. That's all well and good. 00:54:33.430 --> 00:54:34.975 We have many good reasons to share data. 00:54:34.975 --> 00:54:39.895 Well, there's a lot of modern issues to get us there. 00:54:39.895 --> 00:54:42.655 One is technical. How do we share data? 00:54:42.655 --> 00:54:45.490 There are technical questions around doing this. 00:54:45.490 --> 00:54:47.020 How do we build the infrastructure 00:54:47.020 --> 00:54:48.880 necessary to make this easy? 00:54:48.880 --> 00:54:50.470 What's a dataset? 00:54:50.470 --> 00:54:52.270 Is a fun question we can think about. 00:54:52.270 --> 00:54:55.420 What constitutes a dataset is one good question. 00:54:55.420 --> 00:54:59.110 Well, we don't have all the technical issues resolved. 00:54:59.110 --> 00:55:00.670 It's not necessarily simple, 00:55:00.670 --> 00:55:03.760 storing up some files on a website and calling it a day. 00:55:03.760 --> 00:55:06.460 There are a lot of other things we do when we share 00:55:06.460 --> 00:55:09.970 data and provide long-term access to it. 00:55:09.970 --> 00:55:13.450 Not entirely insurmountable, there's enough resources. 00:55:13.450 --> 00:55:16.300 That's another issue. We also have legal issues. 00:55:16.300 --> 00:55:19.150 Sharing human subject data publicly and 00:55:19.150 --> 00:55:21.070 openly is a very challenging thing to do, 00:55:21.070 --> 00:55:21.880 is against the law. 00:55:21.880 --> 00:55:27.220 We can't share personally identifiable information 00:55:27.220 --> 00:55:29.665 without the consent of the research subjects. 00:55:29.665 --> 00:55:31.510 If I put up data like that 00:55:31.510 --> 00:55:33.400 in our repository hit Virginia Tech, 00:55:33.400 --> 00:55:36.610 I'm just helping the researchers break the law. 00:55:36.610 --> 00:55:39.325 That's a breach of confidentiality, that's bad. 00:55:39.325 --> 00:55:41.020 How do we share this kind of data? 00:55:41.020 --> 00:55:42.670 Well, there are things you can do, 00:55:42.670 --> 00:55:44.800 but we have to be more 00:55:44.800 --> 00:55:47.575 bright again than just storing files on the internet. 00:55:47.575 --> 00:55:49.930 De-identifying data is one way to do it. 00:55:49.930 --> 00:55:53.770 There are many techniques we can use to remove some of 00:55:53.770 --> 00:55:55.300 the identifying information from 00:55:55.300 --> 00:55:56.740 human subjects data so that we 00:55:56.740 --> 00:55:59.035 can put it up available online. 00:55:59.035 --> 00:56:02.320 But they're making sure to do this and do this right 00:56:02.320 --> 00:56:05.590 so people's identities are 00:56:05.590 --> 00:56:08.170 not compromised is a challenge. 00:56:08.170 --> 00:56:10.765 There are other legal options. 00:56:10.765 --> 00:56:12.190 Data use agreements are one way to 00:56:12.190 --> 00:56:14.800 share sensitive data of any kind, 00:56:14.800 --> 00:56:16.840 whether it's human subjects or not. 00:56:16.840 --> 00:56:18.940 But now we have to bring the lawyers in to help 00:56:18.940 --> 00:56:21.430 us figure out how to do this appropriately. 00:56:21.430 --> 00:56:24.775 More onerous and sometimes challenging. 00:56:24.775 --> 00:56:26.470 Technical barriers, legal barriers, 00:56:26.470 --> 00:56:28.090 also cultural barriers. 00:56:28.090 --> 00:56:30.025 We haven't been sharing data. 00:56:30.025 --> 00:56:31.270 Sharing data is not part of 00:56:31.270 --> 00:56:33.850 the research academic practices, 00:56:33.850 --> 00:56:34.930 so that's one challenge. 00:56:34.930 --> 00:56:36.280 We also have this other challenge 00:56:36.280 --> 00:56:39.625 of what research is being done. 00:56:39.625 --> 00:56:42.790 I use the terms Big Science and Long tail here. 00:56:42.790 --> 00:56:46.930 Big Science is data science and research that's centered 00:56:46.930 --> 00:56:49.570 around large instruments or 00:56:49.570 --> 00:56:51.160 the communities are allowed to come together and are 00:56:51.160 --> 00:56:52.930 working on one big experiment. 00:56:52.930 --> 00:56:55.000 You see this in particle physics, 00:56:55.000 --> 00:56:56.530 you'll see this in astronomy, 00:56:56.530 --> 00:56:58.810 environmental science to some degree. 00:56:58.810 --> 00:57:01.390 Those folks are working together and 00:57:01.390 --> 00:57:02.350 they have to share the data with 00:57:02.350 --> 00:57:03.850 this large community anyways. 00:57:03.850 --> 00:57:06.220 There's already a feeling for how to 00:57:06.220 --> 00:57:07.510 do this and how to make it happen 00:57:07.510 --> 00:57:08.770 because they've been doing it already, 00:57:08.770 --> 00:57:13.135 whereas a mechanical engineering group maybe, 00:57:13.135 --> 00:57:15.190 or political scientists working by themselves or in 00:57:15.190 --> 00:57:17.620 a small lab long-tail research 00:57:17.620 --> 00:57:18.880 haven't been doing this and 00:57:18.880 --> 00:57:19.960 having been sharing their data. 00:57:19.960 --> 00:57:22.060 Not really sure why would they want 00:57:22.060 --> 00:57:26.020 to is very different thing. 00:57:26.020 --> 00:57:27.820 A lot of research is done in 00:57:27.820 --> 00:57:30.880 the long tail of research and scholarship. 00:57:30.880 --> 00:57:33.340 This is also alluded too. 00:57:33.340 --> 00:57:34.795 It's also disciplinary differences. 00:57:34.795 --> 00:57:38.260 Some fields, sharing data is 00:57:38.260 --> 00:57:39.730 something that has been done for awhile and the other 00:57:39.730 --> 00:57:42.190 one's not even remain considered at all. 00:57:42.190 --> 00:57:44.065 An example that's not big science 00:57:44.065 --> 00:57:46.105 is some genomics research 00:57:46.105 --> 00:57:51.160 because some of the push from the Human Genome Project, 00:57:51.160 --> 00:57:52.810 if you remember that or have heard of that 00:57:52.810 --> 00:57:55.435 from around 2000, 00:57:55.435 --> 00:57:58.090 really pushed genomic folks to think 00:57:58.090 --> 00:58:00.370 more about sharing their data and now they do. 00:58:00.370 --> 00:58:01.960 There's more wider sharing even in 00:58:01.960 --> 00:58:06.175 the long tail of research. Dollars. 00:58:06.175 --> 00:58:12.400 In order to make open research data a reality, 00:58:12.400 --> 00:58:14.320 it's going to cost somebody some money. 00:58:14.320 --> 00:58:16.820 That's always hard to come by. 00:58:17.660 --> 00:58:19.380 You have to have a lot of 00:58:19.380 --> 00:58:20.820 positive reasons why you might want to do 00:58:20.820 --> 00:58:23.470 this. What do we do? 00:58:23.470 --> 00:58:27.370 If we want to try and get data openly available, 00:58:27.370 --> 00:58:29.740 two good acronyms you can learn so you think 00:58:29.740 --> 00:58:32.485 about data and research data being made available, 00:58:32.485 --> 00:58:36.250 FAIR data and TRUSTworthy repositories. 00:58:36.250 --> 00:58:38.530 Fair is an acronym that stands 00:58:38.530 --> 00:58:41.035 for findable, accessible, interoperable, 00:58:41.035 --> 00:58:43.180 and reusable, so trying to make 00:58:43.180 --> 00:58:45.730 the data openly accessible. 00:58:45.730 --> 00:58:47.695 In this case, we're talking about open data. 00:58:47.695 --> 00:58:50.605 I can say that FAIR data is not necessarily open data. 00:58:50.605 --> 00:58:51.940 But in this case, we're talking about 00:58:51.940 --> 00:58:53.680 open data, that's what we mean. 00:58:53.680 --> 00:58:56.230 Making sure it has the appropriate documentation 00:58:56.230 --> 00:58:58.720 so that others can reuse that data. 00:58:58.720 --> 00:59:00.790 Put into formats. 00:59:00.790 --> 00:59:03.265 Interoperable, you can think about formats that are 00:59:03.265 --> 00:59:07.240 open and easily brought together, 00:59:07.240 --> 00:59:10.495 harmonized with other data in similar format. 00:59:10.495 --> 00:59:13.060 Something like an open format like CSV or 00:59:13.060 --> 00:59:16.840 tabular data, non-proprietary formats. 00:59:16.840 --> 00:59:19.240 Findable, you can find it online somehow. 00:59:19.240 --> 00:59:21.040 [NOISE] I won't go 00:59:21.040 --> 00:59:23.020 into all these parts of the trustworthy repository, 00:59:23.020 --> 00:59:25.810 but the point here is that we have to have 00:59:25.810 --> 00:59:26.980 places for the data to be 00:59:26.980 --> 00:59:29.395 put and the data to be made accessible. 00:59:29.395 --> 00:59:31.960 The general term we use for that 00:59:31.960 --> 00:59:34.840 in research data sharing is called a repository. 00:59:34.840 --> 00:59:37.599 We have to have repository infrastructure 00:59:37.599 --> 00:59:40.030 that allows this to happen. 00:59:40.030 --> 00:59:41.590 We need repositories that are 00:59:41.590 --> 00:59:42.700 transparent about how they do 00:59:42.700 --> 00:59:45.115 their things, that they're sustainable, 00:59:45.115 --> 00:59:47.065 that they last longer than the grant, 00:59:47.065 --> 00:59:49.435 that they have the appropriate technology, 00:59:49.435 --> 00:59:52.255 that they're looking at user communities. 00:59:52.255 --> 00:59:53.800 We need more and more of these things. 00:59:53.800 --> 00:59:56.470 We run our repository here on campus as well. 00:59:56.470 --> 00:59:58.420 Another good type line we can use for 00:59:58.420 --> 00:59:59.890 research data is we want things to 00:59:59.890 --> 01:00:03.055 be as open as possible and as closed as necessary. 01:00:03.055 --> 01:00:05.770 Not all of research here is going to be made openly 01:00:05.770 --> 01:00:09.190 accessible for national security or sensitivity reasons, 01:00:09.190 --> 01:00:11.710 but where it can be made available, 01:00:11.710 --> 01:00:13.765 we should aim to make it available 01:00:13.765 --> 01:00:15.595 and create the infrastructure 01:00:15.595 --> 01:00:16.810 necessary to make it available. 01:00:16.810 --> 01:00:22.570 [NOISE] I like this triangle. 01:00:22.570 --> 01:00:24.400 This is from our colleagues at the UVA, 01:00:24.400 --> 01:00:26.635 Brian Nosek in Center for Open Science, 01:00:26.635 --> 01:00:28.960 about how to incentivize change, 01:00:28.960 --> 01:00:30.550 going from the bottom to the top, 01:00:30.550 --> 01:00:32.920 making it possible with infrastructure, 01:00:32.920 --> 01:00:36.445 making it easy with good user interfaces and experience, 01:00:36.445 --> 01:00:38.260 making it a normative thing, 01:00:38.260 --> 01:00:40.735 making it something that communities typically do, 01:00:40.735 --> 01:00:42.895 providing incentives to make it rewarding. 01:00:42.895 --> 01:00:43.990 Eventually, once you've 01:00:43.990 --> 01:00:46.195 gotten ground based off this thing, 01:00:46.195 --> 01:00:47.650 then you make it required for 01:00:47.650 --> 01:00:48.970 the people who don't really want to do it, 01:00:48.970 --> 01:00:50.125 and they're never going to want 01:00:50.125 --> 01:00:52.075 do it. Tell them they have to. 01:00:52.075 --> 01:00:55.180 At this point for data here at Virginia Tech, 01:00:55.180 --> 01:00:57.220 we're working some and all of these different pieces. 01:00:57.220 --> 01:00:59.170 We're working on developing infrastructure, 01:00:59.170 --> 01:01:00.970 we're working on making it easy, 01:01:00.970 --> 01:01:03.760 and talking to people like you about 01:01:03.760 --> 01:01:06.940 why we should do this and what the rewards are. 01:01:06.940 --> 01:01:11.150 Policies are also being developed as we speak. 01:01:11.730 --> 01:01:15.910 It's a complicated place to work in research data. 01:01:15.910 --> 01:01:17.500 There are many different important players. 01:01:17.500 --> 01:01:19.960 There are businesses and 01:01:19.960 --> 01:01:23.470 non-profits looking to push for research data. 01:01:23.470 --> 01:01:25.420 This is an international group, global group, 01:01:25.420 --> 01:01:28.285 Research Data Alliance that's important in this work. 01:01:28.285 --> 01:01:30.700 I mentioned our colleagues up at UVA, 01:01:30.700 --> 01:01:31.750 the Center for Open Science, 01:01:31.750 --> 01:01:33.310 which Philip mentioned, 01:01:33.310 --> 01:01:34.630 the Open Science Framework is one of 01:01:34.630 --> 01:01:37.100 their applications that they develop. 01:01:37.290 --> 01:01:39.700 These are both groups trying to advocate 01:01:39.700 --> 01:01:42.170 for more open research, 01:01:43.380 --> 01:01:45.760 advocacy groups in DC 01:01:45.760 --> 01:01:48.055 advocating for policy changes around this. 01:01:48.055 --> 01:01:50.920 Also, the federal funders have 01:01:50.920 --> 01:01:52.420 a bunch of data sharing requirements 01:01:52.420 --> 01:01:53.635 that they make available. 01:01:53.635 --> 01:01:55.570 The SPARC, the Scholarly Publishing 01:01:55.570 --> 01:01:57.595 and Research Coalition provides 01:01:57.595 --> 01:02:00.370 access to a whole nice application that shows you 01:02:00.370 --> 01:02:02.200 all the research data sharing requirements 01:02:02.200 --> 01:02:04.945 by US federal funder. 01:02:04.945 --> 01:02:08.050 Publishers like PLOS has had 01:02:08.050 --> 01:02:11.380 a public access to data or requirements since 2014, 01:02:11.380 --> 01:02:12.865 I believe, so it's been a while. 01:02:12.865 --> 01:02:14.740 Of course, finally is the libraries, 01:02:14.740 --> 01:02:16.764 where I work in data services. 01:02:16.764 --> 01:02:18.880 We also provide services, 01:02:18.880 --> 01:02:21.445 and we provide guidance to researchers on how 01:02:21.445 --> 01:02:23.920 to deal with this new world of 01:02:23.920 --> 01:02:26.770 open data and we hope pushing for research data sharing. 01:02:26.770 --> 01:02:29.620 We're happy to help. There are our counterparts at 01:02:29.620 --> 01:02:32.590 other research institutions and research libraries. 01:02:32.590 --> 01:02:36.370 [NOISE] I saw a question in the menti, 01:02:36.370 --> 01:02:37.630 but I quickly added a slide in 01:02:37.630 --> 01:02:39.760 for how do I find open data? 01:02:39.760 --> 01:02:42.280 This open data thing is a new thing, how do I go find it? 01:02:42.280 --> 01:02:43.690 The other question you could ask is, 01:02:43.690 --> 01:02:45.460 well, how do I publish my data? 01:02:45.460 --> 01:02:47.290 I've got three websites here 01:02:47.290 --> 01:02:48.610 and these are links as well, 01:02:48.610 --> 01:02:50.530 and they're in the slides now, Google 01:02:50.530 --> 01:02:51.980 has a dataset search. 01:02:51.980 --> 01:02:55.110 They use a particular metadata schema. 01:02:55.110 --> 01:02:57.330 You can go find datasets 01:02:57.330 --> 01:02:59.220 associated with different subjects. 01:02:59.220 --> 01:03:03.120 They just developed this a couple of years ago. 01:03:03.120 --> 01:03:05.220 If you know anything about how Google works, 01:03:05.220 --> 01:03:08.710 I think of them as they're like a careless child 01:03:08.710 --> 01:03:12.925 going through a forest and just ripping leaves off trees. 01:03:12.925 --> 01:03:14.110 Sometimes they make something with 01:03:14.110 --> 01:03:15.790 and sometimes they just throw it away. 01:03:15.790 --> 01:03:17.290 We don't know how long Google 01:03:17.290 --> 01:03:19.180 Dataset Search will be around, 01:03:19.180 --> 01:03:21.130 but it's a really cool tool 01:03:21.130 --> 01:03:23.540 right now. It can help find data. 01:03:23.780 --> 01:03:27.840 Re3data, the registry of research data repositories, 01:03:27.840 --> 01:03:30.300 it's a place you can search 01:03:30.300 --> 01:03:32.100 for repositories that might 01:03:32.100 --> 01:03:33.480 be applicable to your research, 01:03:33.480 --> 01:03:34.860 searching for your discipline, 01:03:34.860 --> 01:03:38.425 searching for keywords in your research. 01:03:38.425 --> 01:03:41.095 You might come up with repositories 01:03:41.095 --> 01:03:42.880 that are relevant to the research you do. 01:03:42.880 --> 01:03:44.455 You can either find data 01:03:44.455 --> 01:03:45.790 in those repositories that might be 01:03:45.790 --> 01:03:47.560 relevant to your work or you might 01:03:47.560 --> 01:03:49.750 also find places you can publish your data. 01:03:49.750 --> 01:03:51.910 After you've completed your degree 01:03:51.910 --> 01:03:53.635 and you're trying to make some of your data available, 01:03:53.635 --> 01:03:55.090 if you choose to do so, 01:03:55.090 --> 01:03:57.925 you might be able to find a place to put your data. 01:03:57.925 --> 01:04:00.640 They have about 2,000 repositories 01:04:00.640 --> 01:04:03.475 indexed or so around the world. 01:04:03.475 --> 01:04:06.235 It's worth checking out re3data. 01:04:06.235 --> 01:04:08.260 Lastly, we run a repository 01:04:08.260 --> 01:04:09.850 here at Virginia Tech called, 01:04:09.850 --> 01:04:11.560 and Philip is adding the links. 01:04:11.560 --> 01:04:15.260 Thank you, Philip. The Virginia Tech Data Repository. 01:04:16.080 --> 01:04:19.900 We can help you get your data associated with your 01:04:19.900 --> 01:04:23.110 graduate studies up and available, publicly accessible. 01:04:23.110 --> 01:04:25.705 We've done it for many graduate students 01:04:25.705 --> 01:04:27.910 as long as our repository has 01:04:27.910 --> 01:04:33.770 existed. That's not what I wanted to do. 01:04:34.140 --> 01:04:37.600 I clicked the link instead of just going forward. 01:04:37.600 --> 01:04:39.490 Really that's all I had to say. 01:04:39.490 --> 01:04:41.335 I'm happy to answer questions. I see one. 01:04:41.335 --> 01:04:43.720 But if you have questions on sharing data 01:04:43.720 --> 01:04:46.030 openly and any questions on research data, 01:04:46.030 --> 01:04:49.165 we have a large stuff on data services, 01:04:49.165 --> 01:04:51.280 Virginia Tech Data Services and libraries to help 01:04:51.280 --> 01:04:53.830 with all different research data questions, 01:04:53.830 --> 01:04:55.660 finding data, analyzing data, 01:04:55.660 --> 01:04:57.910 processing data, visualizing data, 01:04:57.910 --> 01:04:59.905 and sharing and publishing data, 01:04:59.905 --> 01:05:01.720 one I'm in charge of, 01:05:01.720 --> 01:05:02.980 and that's how to get to us. 01:05:02.980 --> 01:05:04.525 We have the link for the website 01:05:04.525 --> 01:05:07.520 and that's our email address, 01:05:09.510 --> 01:05:12.085 dataservices@vt.edu. I'll stop there. 01:05:12.085 --> 01:05:16.660 Thank you, Jon. You do have one question already. 01:05:16.660 --> 01:05:18.820 There's a question. Do open access and 01:05:18.820 --> 01:05:20.680 open data overlap any way? 01:05:20.680 --> 01:05:23.540 Yes. 01:05:27.920 --> 01:05:30.510 We're talking about open-access with respect 01:05:30.510 --> 01:05:33.000 to publications, so manuscripts. 01:05:33.000 --> 01:05:35.130 That's what we're specifically talking about. 01:05:35.130 --> 01:05:37.425 That's the fun thing when you say the word open access. 01:05:37.425 --> 01:05:39.165 Open access to what? 01:05:39.165 --> 01:05:42.630 Generally, we use the term for respect to publications 01:05:42.630 --> 01:05:46.080 and manuscripts. The answer is yes. 01:05:46.080 --> 01:05:48.750 When I would say something that we've liked to see 01:05:48.750 --> 01:05:51.165 if we have manuscripts come out and are published, 01:05:51.165 --> 01:05:53.910 we'd like to see that the manuscripts are 01:05:53.910 --> 01:05:57.240 connected to openly available other research products, 01:05:57.240 --> 01:05:59.685 so that when a publication comes out, 01:05:59.685 --> 01:06:02.235 you have a link to the data from the publication, 01:06:02.235 --> 01:06:03.795 a link to the research protocol, 01:06:03.795 --> 01:06:05.430 a link to the software, all 01:06:05.430 --> 01:06:07.530 from the publication and vice versa. 01:06:07.530 --> 01:06:10.409 I have datasets upon our repository, 01:06:10.409 --> 01:06:11.460 they linked to the associated 01:06:11.460 --> 01:06:13.485 publications should they exist. 01:06:13.485 --> 01:06:17.580 Having links to all these different research products 01:06:17.580 --> 01:06:19.650 is going to help 01:06:19.650 --> 01:06:22.260 our researchers find all the different parts. 01:06:22.260 --> 01:06:23.940 The other thing I'll say and I'll 01:06:23.940 --> 01:06:25.440 try and be short on it, 01:06:25.440 --> 01:06:28.110 there is an important difference in 01:06:28.110 --> 01:06:30.570 that the legal framework 01:06:30.570 --> 01:06:33.750 around data-sharing and rights 01:06:33.750 --> 01:06:37.170 around data in the US is really weak. 01:06:37.170 --> 01:06:42.045 That's very different than printed and written works. 01:06:42.045 --> 01:06:44.040 Whereas copyright has been around for 01:06:44.040 --> 01:06:46.800 a long time and everybody understands a copyright. 01:06:46.800 --> 01:06:49.530 Everyone has an idea of how copyright's supposed to work. 01:06:49.530 --> 01:06:51.270 Sounds like everybody understand copyright work. 01:06:51.270 --> 01:06:54.150 Maybe I need us. I don't know. 01:06:54.150 --> 01:06:58.395 But the law around these things are very different, 01:06:58.395 --> 01:07:00.330 there's an important distinction, 01:07:00.330 --> 01:07:02.040 which is why I love the reason I don't talk too much 01:07:02.040 --> 01:07:03.990 about legal around data. 01:07:03.990 --> 01:07:05.670 But they do overlap, and they 01:07:05.670 --> 01:07:10.050 overlap with educational resources and [inaudible] 01:07:10.050 --> 01:07:11.460 Seem there's another question. 01:07:11.460 --> 01:07:14.520 Does Virginia Tech do DOIs for theses 01:07:14.520 --> 01:07:17.970 and or archive data so that they can be found forever? 01:07:17.970 --> 01:07:22.140 That's really a question for both Jon and Philip. 01:07:22.140 --> 01:07:26.250 Jon, I'm going to take your screen-sharing. 01:07:26.250 --> 01:07:27.630 I'll stop sharing. 01:07:27.630 --> 01:07:30.300 Momentarily. That's better. 01:07:30.300 --> 01:07:32.235 I can start answering. 01:07:32.235 --> 01:07:36.270 Yeah, go ahead and give your response to this question. 01:07:36.270 --> 01:07:39.600 Sure. I will answer primarily for archive data, 01:07:39.600 --> 01:07:41.505 we have two separate repositories here. 01:07:41.505 --> 01:07:43.380 We've got a data repository and we've 01:07:43.380 --> 01:07:45.810 got an institutional data repository, 01:07:45.810 --> 01:07:47.460 an institutional repository in 01:07:47.460 --> 01:07:50.475 which Virginia Tech Data Repository and VTechWorks. 01:07:50.475 --> 01:07:52.305 Within the data repository, 01:07:52.305 --> 01:07:55.185 we provide DOIs for all published datasets. 01:07:55.185 --> 01:07:57.015 When we publish them, we 01:07:57.015 --> 01:07:58.500 make sure the requirements are met. 01:07:58.500 --> 01:08:00.885 We publish datasets, we provide DOIs with them, 01:08:00.885 --> 01:08:03.195 which are Digital Object Identifier, 01:08:03.195 --> 01:08:06.660 that's what DOI means, so 01:08:06.660 --> 01:08:08.115 that they can be found forever. 01:08:08.115 --> 01:08:09.270 Forever is a long time. 01:08:09.270 --> 01:08:10.590 I wouldn't want to say forever, 01:08:10.590 --> 01:08:12.720 but the intention is that we are 01:08:12.720 --> 01:08:14.790 in charge of these object identifiers, 01:08:14.790 --> 01:08:16.410 so we can make sure that they always point at 01:08:16.410 --> 01:08:18.570 the appropriate resource as things are going. 01:08:18.570 --> 01:08:20.550 We have to manage those DOIs to make sure that 01:08:20.550 --> 01:08:22.815 they point to those things as time goes on. 01:08:22.815 --> 01:08:24.630 However, I'm glad you brought that up though, 01:08:24.630 --> 01:08:27.870 because a big important thing that repositories do and 01:08:27.870 --> 01:08:30.180 feel the same thing is to make sure that 01:08:30.180 --> 01:08:32.910 these things are findable at the links, 01:08:32.910 --> 01:08:35.145 these DOIs links that are provided. 01:08:35.145 --> 01:08:38.475 If you know anything about surfing on the Internet, 01:08:38.475 --> 01:08:40.350 does anybody say surfing the Internet 01:08:40.350 --> 01:08:41.610 anymore? I'm so old. 01:08:41.610 --> 01:08:45.885 Anyway, if you try and go find things online, 01:08:45.885 --> 01:08:48.150 very often you come up with broken legs. 01:08:48.150 --> 01:08:50.160 This thing was here, but there's 01:08:50.160 --> 01:08:52.020 nothing here now, I don't know what's going on. 01:08:52.020 --> 01:08:55.305 With DOIs, we can help mitigate that problem. 01:08:55.305 --> 01:08:59.050 I'll let Phil talk about DCs. 01:09:00.530 --> 01:09:03.720 For DCs and dissertations, 01:09:03.720 --> 01:09:05.775 we do not use DOIs, 01:09:05.775 --> 01:09:09.240 but we use a system called the handle system. 01:09:09.240 --> 01:09:14.040 These are persistent links very much like DOIs. 01:09:14.040 --> 01:09:19.300 In fact, DOIs are implementation of the handle system. 01:09:19.370 --> 01:09:22.840 They are very persistent links. 01:09:24.140 --> 01:09:27.180 If you use the handle as a reference to 01:09:27.180 --> 01:09:29.580 your DCs or dissertation, 01:09:29.580 --> 01:09:32.050 that link should always work. 01:09:33.020 --> 01:09:36.750 But as Jon was just saying, 01:09:36.750 --> 01:09:40.680 linking to things on the Internet is a big deal. 01:09:40.680 --> 01:09:45.240 I just saw someone on Twitter today said there are 01:09:45.240 --> 01:09:47.460 two kinds of links and 01:09:47.460 --> 01:09:50.805 links that are broken and links that are going to break. 01:09:50.805 --> 01:09:55.260 Hopefully that does not happen to DOIs and handles, 01:09:55.260 --> 01:09:56.700 we're certainly working hard 01:09:56.700 --> 01:09:58.695 to make sure that doesn't happen. 01:09:58.695 --> 01:10:02.430 But on a slightly different topic, 01:10:02.430 --> 01:10:04.920 if you are linking to anything that does not have 01:10:04.920 --> 01:10:08.085 a DOI, a handle, 01:10:08.085 --> 01:10:11.730 it's a good idea to use the way back machine 01:10:11.730 --> 01:10:15.915 or Perma.cc or something like that, 01:10:15.915 --> 01:10:17.835 to archive that link, 01:10:17.835 --> 01:10:19.560 because if you are 01:10:19.560 --> 01:10:22.275 linking to a website or something like that, 01:10:22.275 --> 01:10:26.650 the rate of link breakage is very high. 01:10:26.900 --> 01:10:31.080 We're basically accumulating data or 01:10:31.080 --> 01:10:34.755 evidence in our research and pointing people to, 01:10:34.755 --> 01:10:37.440 this is where I get this, this is where I get that. 01:10:37.440 --> 01:10:41.560 When those links break, it's a big deal. 01:10:41.560 --> 01:10:44.780 In the legal community in particular has taken up 01:10:44.780 --> 01:10:48.095 Perma.cc to archive all their links 01:10:48.095 --> 01:10:50.660 that go into websites and things like that. 01:10:50.660 --> 01:10:54.860 I'll put a link about Perma.cc and we do 01:10:54.860 --> 01:10:56.300 offer that as a service and 01:10:56.300 --> 01:10:59.790 the libraries to make sure that links don't break. 01:11:00.500 --> 01:11:03.550 Great, thank you both. 01:11:04.880 --> 01:11:08.580 I am seeing nothing in the questions, 01:11:08.580 --> 01:11:11.040 you still have area. 01:11:11.040 --> 01:11:15.000 I am wondering. I'm assuming that students still have 01:11:15.000 --> 01:11:19.665 questions about the topics we are discussing. 01:11:19.665 --> 01:11:23.055 If you do have questions, 01:11:23.055 --> 01:11:27.760 please either put them in the chat. 01:11:28.310 --> 01:11:30.960 Good, there are more in the chat. 01:11:30.960 --> 01:11:37.425 Great. Let's take a couple more and then 01:11:37.425 --> 01:11:40.320 let's jump on into 01:11:40.320 --> 01:11:44.505 talking with our panelists about their experiences. 01:11:44.505 --> 01:11:47.580 The purpose of this conversation is really 01:11:47.580 --> 01:11:53.790 to make this information 01:11:53.790 --> 01:11:55.350 available to students who are 01:11:55.350 --> 01:11:58.170 planning to become professors. 01:11:58.170 --> 01:12:00.360 We want this to be relevant to you. 01:12:00.360 --> 01:12:04.720 Let us know what your questions are. 01:12:05.120 --> 01:12:11.470 Jon had a little bit of disconnection there for a moment. 01:12:11.810 --> 01:12:14.820 Phil, can you answer the question. 01:12:14.820 --> 01:12:16.470 Someone was just going to ask about 01:12:16.470 --> 01:12:18.240 the way back machine if 01:12:18.240 --> 01:12:19.650 it's a best practice to cite 01:12:19.650 --> 01:12:22.510 web pages using the way back link. 01:12:23.180 --> 01:12:25.800 I think it's a good practice 01:12:25.800 --> 01:12:28.335 to use any one of those services. 01:12:28.335 --> 01:12:31.290 Way back is probably the best known. 01:12:31.290 --> 01:12:33.090 Perma.cc as I mentioned, 01:12:33.090 --> 01:12:35.370 is taking off in academia, 01:12:35.370 --> 01:12:37.590 particularly in the legal community. 01:12:37.590 --> 01:12:39.600 If you go to a law journal, 01:12:39.600 --> 01:12:44.760 you'll see a lot of links to websites and they'll have 01:12:44.760 --> 01:12:47.370 the full website link followed 01:12:47.370 --> 01:12:51.105 by Archive at this Perma.cc links. 01:12:51.105 --> 01:12:54.915 They're just recognizing that a lot of links get broken. 01:12:54.915 --> 01:12:56.820 There's been a research 01:12:56.820 --> 01:12:59.070 that a lot of links 01:12:59.070 --> 01:13:01.890 and Supreme Court decisions were broken. 01:13:01.890 --> 01:13:06.015 That was really a huge shock to legal community, 01:13:06.015 --> 01:13:09.090 and so they took up Perma.cc, 01:13:09.090 --> 01:13:11.160 which is hosted by Harvard, 01:13:11.160 --> 01:13:13.780 created at Harvard Law Library. 01:13:14.090 --> 01:13:18.420 We decided to also host Perma.cc and so we can sign 01:13:18.420 --> 01:13:21.915 folks up and you can get a permanent link. 01:13:21.915 --> 01:13:23.700 It archives the webpage and you get 01:13:23.700 --> 01:13:27.460 a permanent link to that archived version. 01:13:29.930 --> 01:13:33.030 Another issue, there's really two issues, 01:13:33.030 --> 01:13:35.190 one is that links completely break, 01:13:35.190 --> 01:13:37.470 you get a 404, the other issues 01:13:37.470 --> 01:13:39.510 that a lot of websites change. 01:13:39.510 --> 01:13:45.190 What you see today may not be what you see next week. 01:13:45.680 --> 01:13:48.330 If you're using links as 01:13:48.330 --> 01:13:50.700 evidence of something in a paper, 01:13:50.700 --> 01:13:52.920 it's really important to archive those. 01:13:52.920 --> 01:13:56.835 Great. Then there's a question. 01:13:56.835 --> 01:13:58.170 I think this is for Jon, 01:13:58.170 --> 01:13:59.610 is there going to be mandatory to 01:13:59.610 --> 01:14:02.010 guarantee open data to publish in a journal? 01:14:02.010 --> 01:14:04.300 Do you want to address that, Jon? 01:14:04.910 --> 01:14:08.440 Is it going to be mandatory? 01:14:08.720 --> 01:14:11.550 It depends on the journal. It's as 01:14:11.550 --> 01:14:13.635 to what they're going to do. 01:14:13.635 --> 01:14:16.200 What I would recommend is when you're looking 01:14:16.200 --> 01:14:18.315 at submitting a manuscript to a journal, 01:14:18.315 --> 01:14:20.040 you should look at what they're 01:14:20.040 --> 01:14:22.470 requiring and what they might say around data. 01:14:22.470 --> 01:14:23.580 You can generally go through the authors 01:14:23.580 --> 01:14:24.945 guidelines and look up data 01:14:24.945 --> 01:14:26.670 sharing or data availability 01:14:26.670 --> 01:14:28.140 or something like that, research data. 01:14:28.140 --> 01:14:29.790 [inaudible] A lot of times when I go into, 01:14:29.790 --> 01:14:30.960 [inaudible] just look up the word 01:14:30.960 --> 01:14:32.530 data and see what comes up. 01:14:32.530 --> 01:14:37.125 You'll generally see what guidance they have to give. 01:14:37.125 --> 01:14:40.620 Sometimes they say they're encouraging data-sharing, 01:14:40.620 --> 01:14:42.255 they are requiring it, 01:14:42.255 --> 01:14:44.295 they're saying more about what 01:14:44.295 --> 01:14:47.400 specifically they are requiring, what kinds of data. 01:14:47.400 --> 01:14:48.720 Sometimes they don't say anything. 01:14:48.720 --> 01:14:50.415 There are many journals that are not requiring this. 01:14:50.415 --> 01:14:51.735 It depends on the community, 01:14:51.735 --> 01:14:53.445 depends on the discipline. 01:14:53.445 --> 01:14:55.485 I would say in general, 01:14:55.485 --> 01:14:58.110 the trend is towards more of this data-sharing 01:14:58.110 --> 01:15:01.110 and more sharing the data underlying journal articles. 01:15:01.110 --> 01:15:06.240 But it is heavily depending on the discipline. 01:15:08.930 --> 01:15:14.970 Thank you. Let's turn things over 01:15:14.970 --> 01:15:21.539 to have our very patient panelists introduce themselves. 01:15:21.539 --> 01:15:26.595 Let's see, you should be able to see my screen. 01:15:26.595 --> 01:15:30.970 We have a couple of people that you have not met yet. 01:15:31.400 --> 01:15:33.630 You have met the dean, 01:15:33.630 --> 01:15:36.750 but let's have you introduce yourself [LAUGHTER] 01:15:36.750 --> 01:15:40.350 for those who have not had the pleasure of meeting you. 01:15:40.350 --> 01:15:42.900 We would love to know what 01:15:42.900 --> 01:15:45.525 your academic background is as well. 01:15:45.525 --> 01:15:50.410 Sure. Thank you very much and apologies for being late. 01:15:50.630 --> 01:15:52.650 My name is Aimee Surprenant, 01:15:52.650 --> 01:15:53.970 I'm Dean of the Graduate School. 01:15:53.970 --> 01:15:56.144 I'm also a professor in psychology. 01:15:56.144 --> 01:16:01.270 My area of research is human memory and perception. 01:16:04.070 --> 01:16:06.510 I got my PhD in '92, 01:16:06.510 --> 01:16:09.135 so almost 30 years as a professor, 01:16:09.135 --> 01:16:13.200 publishing all different things and 01:16:13.200 --> 01:16:17.670 I have plenty to talk about in terms of open science, 01:16:17.670 --> 01:16:20.895 particularly with my experience with psychology. 01:16:20.895 --> 01:16:24.360 Excellent. We will pick up back on that. 01:16:24.360 --> 01:16:27.915 Let's see, Renee would you like to introduce yourself? 01:16:27.915 --> 01:16:30.240 Sure. Hi, Renee LeClair, 01:16:30.240 --> 01:16:33.615 I'm Associate Professor at the School of Medicine. 01:16:33.615 --> 01:16:36.060 My background is in biochemistry in 01:16:36.060 --> 01:16:39.780 both basic science as well as now Educational Sciences. 01:16:39.780 --> 01:16:43.320 But my interesting foray into OER was really in 01:16:43.320 --> 01:16:48.285 generating resources appropriate for medical education. 01:16:48.285 --> 01:16:51.790 I'm happy to answer any questions with that. 01:16:52.880 --> 01:16:58.800 Andrew? Oh, you're on mute. 01:16:58.800 --> 01:17:03.780 Of course, right, it's only been two years. 01:17:03.780 --> 01:17:04.740 [LAUGHTER] My name is Andrew Binks. 01:17:04.740 --> 01:17:06.030 I'm an Associate Professor at 01:17:06.030 --> 01:17:08.040 the School of Medicine here at Virginia Tech, 01:17:08.040 --> 01:17:10.890 and I'm a pulmonary physiologist. 01:17:10.890 --> 01:17:13.170 My basic science research is on 01:17:13.170 --> 01:17:15.330 the neural mechanisms of shortness of breath. 01:17:15.330 --> 01:17:17.130 But now I'm really transitioning 01:17:17.130 --> 01:17:20.805 into research, into medical education. 01:17:20.805 --> 01:17:23.670 As like Renee, I've been very interested in 01:17:23.670 --> 01:17:27.480 publishing open resource textbooks as well. 01:17:27.480 --> 01:17:30.315 Great. I know a couple of 01:17:30.315 --> 01:17:32.430 others of you have advanced degrees, 01:17:32.430 --> 01:17:33.630 John, do you want to tell us 01:17:33.630 --> 01:17:37.050 all a little bit about your background? 01:17:37.050 --> 01:17:40.200 Yeah. Sure. Before I got into this work, 01:17:40.200 --> 01:17:42.225 I did a doctorate in meteorology, 01:17:42.225 --> 01:17:44.130 computational modeling of 01:17:44.130 --> 01:17:46.935 class systems, and reading transfer. 01:17:46.935 --> 01:17:52.050 But I got better. I did 01:17:52.050 --> 01:17:55.110 a postdoc and then I moved into this work. Yeah. 01:17:55.110 --> 01:17:58.590 Great. Just the full disclosure, 01:17:58.590 --> 01:18:00.090 I do not have a PhD but I 01:18:00.090 --> 01:18:01.920 have a Master's in Library and Information 01:18:01.920 --> 01:18:06.615 Science and previously did work in economics. 01:18:06.615 --> 01:18:09.900 Philip, if you want to jump in real quick and give 01:18:09.900 --> 01:18:14.685 a short disciplinary background, that would be great. 01:18:14.685 --> 01:18:16.950 Sure. Like Anita, I also 01:18:16.950 --> 01:18:19.960 have a Master's in Information Science. 01:18:20.540 --> 01:18:24.915 Great. Our first question is, 01:18:24.915 --> 01:18:27.420 what opens have you been involved in 01:18:27.420 --> 01:18:31.275 and what was the impact? 01:18:31.275 --> 01:18:34.860 Did this help you to reach particular goals, 01:18:34.860 --> 01:18:39.270 either personal goals or departmental goals? 01:18:39.270 --> 01:18:41.535 I will call on 01:18:41.535 --> 01:18:44.100 the first person who looks like they're ready to talk. 01:18:44.100 --> 01:18:49.860 [LAUGHTER] how about Aimee? 01:18:49.860 --> 01:18:57.045 Sure. I've been involved in open publications, 01:18:57.045 --> 01:18:58.845 so I have a number 01:18:58.845 --> 01:19:02.235 of publications and open access journals. 01:19:02.235 --> 01:19:05.430 I have to say that the experience has been very mixed. 01:19:05.430 --> 01:19:07.665 Some of them have 01:19:07.665 --> 01:19:12.720 been wonderful and very much like the experience that I 01:19:12.720 --> 01:19:16.350 would have with the regular journal 01:19:16.350 --> 01:19:18.195 and some have just been off 01:19:18.195 --> 01:19:21.180 that we went round and round with reviewers. 01:19:21.180 --> 01:19:23.220 Some of the reviewers dropped out. 01:19:23.220 --> 01:19:25.125 Some of the reviewers came in, 01:19:25.125 --> 01:19:27.900 and we just ended up getting up in the end because 01:19:27.900 --> 01:19:32.325 the editor was not helping at all with the conversation. 01:19:32.325 --> 01:19:34.200 I've had both experiences. 01:19:34.200 --> 01:19:36.150 I've had ones where I had to pay 01:19:36.150 --> 01:19:38.010 way too much money to get a paper 01:19:38.010 --> 01:19:40.350 published and probably wouldn't do that again. 01:19:40.350 --> 01:19:43.740 The other thing that I want to note, 01:19:43.740 --> 01:19:49.245 and I don't know if this is just psychology specific, 01:19:49.245 --> 01:19:54.405 but the replication crisis business 01:19:54.405 --> 01:20:00.255 in psychology has been very concerning actually. 01:20:00.255 --> 01:20:02.175 I went to a conference and I 01:20:02.175 --> 01:20:04.320 dug up these notes that I took in a conference 01:20:04.320 --> 01:20:07.965 because there was a senior researcher talking about 01:20:07.965 --> 01:20:11.100 the replication crisis and saying 01:20:11.100 --> 01:20:13.980 that there are all these papers that weren't replicable. 01:20:13.980 --> 01:20:17.385 The words that he used were bogus, p-hacking, 01:20:17.385 --> 01:20:19.395 shaming, massaging data, 01:20:19.395 --> 01:20:22.275 cheating, shitty, questionable, nasty. 01:20:22.275 --> 01:20:25.200 It was all very much inferring that the people 01:20:25.200 --> 01:20:29.490 whose papers were not replicated were really bad people. 01:20:29.490 --> 01:20:35.595 Now, one of the studies that wasn't replicated was mine. 01:20:35.595 --> 01:20:40.290 It was a study that we did as 01:20:40.290 --> 01:20:42.480 a control just so that we could 01:20:42.480 --> 01:20:45.225 show that we got the same result that everyone else did. 01:20:45.225 --> 01:20:47.790 There were probably about 50 papers 01:20:47.790 --> 01:20:49.515 that had that same result. 01:20:49.515 --> 01:20:50.820 They tried replication, 01:20:50.820 --> 01:20:52.770 they didn't get the same result. 01:20:52.770 --> 01:20:55.485 Are we the ones who are 01:20:55.485 --> 01:20:58.935 shitty or was there something wrong with the replication? 01:20:58.935 --> 01:21:01.740 Well, we can't talk about it. 01:21:01.740 --> 01:21:04.995 There's something in psychology called bropen science, 01:21:04.995 --> 01:21:08.430 where there are people who pile on people 01:21:08.430 --> 01:21:12.750 whose data or whose studies aren't replicated. 01:21:12.750 --> 01:21:15.360 I will put [LAUGHTER] the link 01:21:15.360 --> 01:21:17.100 in the chat to the bropen science. 01:21:17.100 --> 01:21:19.200 It's not all men, 01:21:19.200 --> 01:21:22.470 but it is a piling on nasty thing 01:21:22.470 --> 01:21:25.335 without any understanding of 01:21:25.335 --> 01:21:28.365 the circumstances or thinking about ways in which 01:21:28.365 --> 01:21:29.790 we can work together to figure out 01:21:29.790 --> 01:21:32.860 why something hasn't replicated. 01:21:33.320 --> 01:21:36.510 I have to say that I'm jaded a 01:21:36.510 --> 01:21:39.420 little bit on that topic as well. 01:21:39.420 --> 01:21:41.550 Open data, on the other hand, 01:21:41.550 --> 01:21:43.305 are fabulous and great. 01:21:43.305 --> 01:21:45.750 I really encourage graduate students 01:21:45.750 --> 01:21:47.220 to take a look and see 01:21:47.220 --> 01:21:49.260 what data is out there 01:21:49.260 --> 01:21:51.300 that they can analyze in a different way. 01:21:51.300 --> 01:21:53.010 It's really exciting to be able to go 01:21:53.010 --> 01:21:55.020 back and re-analyze data that 01:21:55.020 --> 01:21:56.595 has been already analyzed 01:21:56.595 --> 01:21:59.055 to look at it in a different way. 01:21:59.055 --> 01:22:00.390 There's an infinite amount 01:22:00.390 --> 01:22:02.190 of research that's already been 01:22:02.190 --> 01:22:04.380 collected and we can really take advantage 01:22:04.380 --> 01:22:05.430 of that so you don't have to 01:22:05.430 --> 01:22:06.810 collect all of your own data. 01:22:06.810 --> 01:22:08.370 I think collecting data is great. 01:22:08.370 --> 01:22:09.960 But I also think that looking at 01:22:09.960 --> 01:22:12.045 open data is a great thing as well. 01:22:12.045 --> 01:22:14.895 I hope that wasn't too negative. 01:22:14.895 --> 01:22:19.720 No, [LAUGHTER] we want to hear what's real. 01:22:20.060 --> 01:22:22.770 There's a question, there's a perception, 01:22:22.770 --> 01:22:25.110 at least used to be that publishing and open 01:22:25.110 --> 01:22:28.050 data journal might not be good for the academic career. 01:22:28.050 --> 01:22:32.370 It's less prestigious or maybe I'll just read this. 01:22:32.370 --> 01:22:34.830 It is less prestigious compared to 01:22:34.830 --> 01:22:36.390 publishing of traditional journals. 01:22:36.390 --> 01:22:38.265 What do the panelists think about this? 01:22:38.265 --> 01:22:40.140 Is it risky to publish in 01:22:40.140 --> 01:22:43.275 an open data journal for one's academic future? 01:22:43.275 --> 01:22:45.640 What do you guys think? 01:22:47.150 --> 01:22:49.605 Guys and gals. 01:22:49.605 --> 01:22:51.600 Yeah, I was going to say, Andrew. 01:22:51.600 --> 01:22:54.570 I think the first citation in open education, 01:22:54.570 --> 01:22:56.370 I think we've had a really positive experience 01:22:56.370 --> 01:22:58.570 that you can speak to for that. 01:22:59.840 --> 01:23:02.940 Well, we bought our open access for 01:23:02.940 --> 01:23:04.500 our recent paper on the change 01:23:04.500 --> 01:23:06.375 in medical education with COVID, 01:23:06.375 --> 01:23:08.700 and it was a hot topic so we decided to pay 01:23:08.700 --> 01:23:12.615 for the open access just to get the exposure. 01:23:12.615 --> 01:23:15.300 Really it's not whether it was open 01:23:15.300 --> 01:23:18.270 access or not in terms of prestigious. 01:23:18.270 --> 01:23:19.650 The first thing that you're going to look 01:23:19.650 --> 01:23:21.060 at is the impact factor of 01:23:21.060 --> 01:23:25.635 the journal and that's the primary issue. 01:23:25.635 --> 01:23:29.685 The research we do in medical education, 01:23:29.685 --> 01:23:31.350 there is not a lot of grant money 01:23:31.350 --> 01:23:34.140 kicking around for med-add research though. 01:23:34.140 --> 01:23:36.900 The scrambling around even for, 01:23:36.900 --> 01:23:40.155 I think it was $3,000 to publish it, 01:23:40.155 --> 01:23:44.080 and when you don't have $3,000 you've got to scramble. 01:23:44.630 --> 01:23:48.030 It's really is not whether it's open access or 01:23:48.030 --> 01:23:51.610 not it's just the impact factor is your primary concern. 01:23:55.820 --> 01:23:58.260 One thing I'll note just surrounding 01:23:58.260 --> 01:23:59.520 the last couple of questions, 01:23:59.520 --> 01:24:02.020 kind of mentioned that we're having the data. 01:24:03.350 --> 01:24:05.490 Regardless of whether or not 01:24:05.490 --> 01:24:06.870 the journal is open access or 01:24:06.870 --> 01:24:10.125 not but if you include the data, 01:24:10.125 --> 01:24:12.330 you associate the data associated with the article, 01:24:12.330 --> 01:24:14.025 you make that data also available, 01:24:14.025 --> 01:24:16.350 they tend to get more cited articles. 01:24:16.350 --> 01:24:18.180 The article itself is cited more. 01:24:18.180 --> 01:24:19.950 Presumably, you can talk 01:24:19.950 --> 01:24:21.765 to those people about why they cited it more, 01:24:21.765 --> 01:24:22.890 but presumably, it was easier 01:24:22.890 --> 01:24:25.005 for the research to be followed. 01:24:25.005 --> 01:24:27.900 That can improve the citations of 01:24:27.900 --> 01:24:31.260 the articles that are made available, 01:24:31.260 --> 01:24:33.840 whether or not they're made available openly or not and 01:24:33.840 --> 01:24:37.230 that's can be a good thing for research careers. 01:24:37.230 --> 01:24:38.370 [OVERLAPPING] 01:24:38.370 --> 01:24:40.920 Yeah, I agree with Andrew that it's more the journal 01:24:40.920 --> 01:24:44.805 than the open access or not. Sorry. 01:24:44.805 --> 01:24:46.995 The only anything that we did notice, 01:24:46.995 --> 01:24:48.885 anything that's open access, 01:24:48.885 --> 01:24:50.010 you expose yourself to 01:24:50.010 --> 01:24:51.450 predatory journals coming in 01:24:51.450 --> 01:24:53.445 to look for a follow-up article. 01:24:53.445 --> 01:24:55.470 Well, even predatory conferences 01:24:55.470 --> 01:24:57.060 even tasking you to go and speak at 01:24:57.060 --> 01:24:59.010 a conference and you can go to 01:24:59.010 --> 01:25:01.830 this prestigious conference and speak to 01:25:01.830 --> 01:25:05.520 this prestigious audience if you pay $15,000. 01:25:05.520 --> 01:25:07.530 That happens a lot more with 01:25:07.530 --> 01:25:09.165 open access because of course, 01:25:09.165 --> 01:25:10.815 those predatory mechanisms just 01:25:10.815 --> 01:25:15.850 get access to your journal just as everybody else does. 01:25:19.030 --> 01:25:22.470 Anybody want to respond to that? 01:25:23.650 --> 01:25:26.910 I'm curious, Philip, what do you think? 01:25:27.970 --> 01:25:31.160 Sure. I think that's why it's important 01:25:31.160 --> 01:25:34.285 to look at indexes and that sort of thing. 01:25:34.285 --> 01:25:36.660 Journals that you've heard of, 01:25:36.660 --> 01:25:38.820 talking to colleagues in your field, 01:25:38.820 --> 01:25:40.830 talking to your advisor, 01:25:40.830 --> 01:25:43.800 things like that to make sure that 01:25:43.800 --> 01:25:49.155 its legitimate journal is pretty important. 01:25:49.155 --> 01:25:52.380 I'd also reiterate again, 01:25:52.380 --> 01:25:55.245 regarding the open access charges 01:25:55.245 --> 01:25:57.420 that depositing 01:25:57.420 --> 01:26:00.645 an accepted manuscript is completely free. 01:26:00.645 --> 01:26:04.740 Anytime you're coming up against the big fee, 01:26:04.740 --> 01:26:07.200 you have a free option to 01:26:07.200 --> 01:26:11.940 take where your accepted manuscript should be essentially 01:26:11.940 --> 01:26:14.370 identical in terms of content to 01:26:14.370 --> 01:26:16.800 the published journal article and 01:26:16.800 --> 01:26:18.450 people will be able to find it via 01:26:18.450 --> 01:26:22.860 Google scholar and Paywall and so on. 01:26:22.860 --> 01:26:27.375 There's always that option if the money is not there. 01:26:27.375 --> 01:26:29.430 Again, there are many journals 01:26:29.430 --> 01:26:31.845 that are supported in other ways. 01:26:31.845 --> 01:26:33.870 I don't want to give the impression 01:26:33.870 --> 01:26:37.395 that open access always means paying a fee. 01:26:37.395 --> 01:26:38.970 That's not the case. 01:26:38.970 --> 01:26:41.310 In fact, a majority of journals in the directory to 01:26:41.310 --> 01:26:44.145 open access journals do not have a fee. 01:26:44.145 --> 01:26:46.785 There's also a filter in 01:26:46.785 --> 01:26:50.520 doaj.org where you can select for journals, 01:26:50.520 --> 01:26:53.055 with and without fees. 01:26:53.055 --> 01:26:56.080 That's a useful tool there. 01:26:57.800 --> 01:27:00.330 There are two other questions. 01:27:00.330 --> 01:27:02.415 One is for Dean Aimee. 01:27:02.415 --> 01:27:03.780 "It's interesting to hear about 01:27:03.780 --> 01:27:06.000 the nastiness of broken science. 01:27:06.000 --> 01:27:09.870 Do you think replicability should still be a goal for 01:27:09.870 --> 01:27:12.090 research or is there some other value 01:27:12.090 --> 01:27:15.340 or way of thinking about this might be more helpful?" 01:27:15.860 --> 01:27:17.955 I don't think it's neither or. 01:27:17.955 --> 01:27:21.060 Replication is absolutely important and it should be 01:27:21.060 --> 01:27:24.570 something that happens as a matter of course, 01:27:24.570 --> 01:27:26.070 and unfortunately, it doesn't start to 01:27:26.070 --> 01:27:29.085 get those replication published. 01:27:29.085 --> 01:27:31.200 But I think doing 01:27:31.200 --> 01:27:36.690 that where you have a replication and then 01:27:36.690 --> 01:27:41.070 some other studies that add something new 01:27:41.070 --> 01:27:45.615 to the field is one way to go. 01:27:45.615 --> 01:27:48.600 But absolutely, I think replication is really important. 01:27:48.600 --> 01:27:49.830 It's just you shouldn't take 01:27:49.830 --> 01:27:51.690 a single non-replication as 01:27:51.690 --> 01:27:54.150 saying that the whole idea is wrong. 01:27:54.150 --> 01:27:57.075 You do find through my experience 01:27:57.075 --> 01:28:01.140 that people don't build theories, 01:28:01.140 --> 01:28:04.140 at least in psychology over a single result and 01:28:04.140 --> 01:28:07.290 that's a good thing and that 01:28:07.290 --> 01:28:09.990 we allow the evidence to 01:28:09.990 --> 01:28:14.610 accumulate before we change a theory. 01:28:14.610 --> 01:28:17.130 Is there some value or 01:28:17.130 --> 01:28:18.150 other way of thinking about 01:28:18.150 --> 01:28:20.010 this that would be more helpful? 01:28:20.010 --> 01:28:22.260 I think that thinking 01:28:22.260 --> 01:28:24.150 about this as a community and there have been 01:28:24.150 --> 01:28:26.265 some really cool examples 01:28:26.265 --> 01:28:30.765 of two labs that are fighting over some results. 01:28:30.765 --> 01:28:34.035 We get it and we don't. 01:28:34.035 --> 01:28:39.405 Actually, getting to collaborate and they do 01:28:39.405 --> 01:28:44.040 a pre-registration of their studies and 01:28:44.040 --> 01:28:45.795 the two labs work 01:28:45.795 --> 01:28:46.890 together on it and the 01:28:46.890 --> 01:28:48.795 ethic, I forgot what they call it. 01:28:48.795 --> 01:28:54.060 But they're normally fighting 01:28:54.060 --> 01:28:55.575 with one another, but now they're working together. 01:28:55.575 --> 01:28:57.510 I think that's sort of community is 01:28:57.510 --> 01:29:00.180 a really great way of moving forward. 01:29:00.180 --> 01:29:01.860 Coopetition. 01:29:01.860 --> 01:29:05.680 Yeah or adversarial something or other. Yeah. 01:29:05.990 --> 01:29:08.745 That's very exciting to hear 01:29:08.745 --> 01:29:11.970 that kind of collaboration going on. 01:29:11.970 --> 01:29:15.600 Again, I have had an experience where we were 01:29:15.600 --> 01:29:18.690 getting a result at Purdue University where I was, 01:29:18.690 --> 01:29:20.550 and the people at 01:29:20.550 --> 01:29:22.770 Cardiff University in Wales 01:29:22.770 --> 01:29:24.165 were not getting the same result. 01:29:24.165 --> 01:29:25.410 Well, if you look at 01:29:25.410 --> 01:29:27.570 the subject pools at Purdue University, 01:29:27.570 --> 01:29:30.990 human subjects, it's an open university. 01:29:30.990 --> 01:29:32.430 Pretty much anyone who graduates from 01:29:32.430 --> 01:29:35.355 high school in Indiana gets into Purdue. 01:29:35.355 --> 01:29:37.560 Cardiff is one of the best universities 01:29:37.560 --> 01:29:39.255 in the world in psychology. 01:29:39.255 --> 01:29:40.890 You pretty much have to have a Ph.D. 01:29:40.890 --> 01:29:42.075 To get into the undergrad. 01:29:42.075 --> 01:29:44.250 I mean, it's way up there. 01:29:44.250 --> 01:29:46.950 It's incredibly competitive and 01:29:46.950 --> 01:29:49.260 so if you look at the differences in the subject pools, 01:29:49.260 --> 01:29:50.880 you can see that you might end up 01:29:50.880 --> 01:29:52.620 with differences in the results. 01:29:52.620 --> 01:29:55.185 So working together, we figured 01:29:55.185 --> 01:29:58.740 out that it was a subject pool difference. 01:29:58.740 --> 01:30:02.520 That's great, thank you. One more question 01:30:02.520 --> 01:30:04.380 before we jump over 01:30:04.380 --> 01:30:06.465 to Andrew and Renee and 01:30:06.465 --> 01:30:09.870 introductions there or questions there. 01:30:09.870 --> 01:30:20.010 There's a question and then to [inaudible]. 01:30:20.010 --> 01:30:21.270 "Is there a difference between 01:30:21.270 --> 01:30:23.670 publishing in an open data journal 01:30:23.670 --> 01:30:26.280 and not an open data journal in 01:30:26.280 --> 01:30:29.590 terms of prestige of the published work?" 01:30:33.900 --> 01:30:36.340 My intuition is no, 01:30:36.340 --> 01:30:37.840 but that's not my area. 01:30:37.840 --> 01:30:40.060 [LAUGHTER] 01:30:40.060 --> 01:30:42.490 Open journals tend to be a little newer. 01:30:42.490 --> 01:30:46.690 Although 10, 15 years is not that new anymore 01:30:46.690 --> 01:30:49.300 [LAUGHTER] and so sometimes 01:30:49.300 --> 01:30:51.535 if you have a journal that's been around for 100 years, 01:30:51.535 --> 01:30:55.015 you might end up with slightly more 01:30:55.015 --> 01:30:58.630 but I think that the answer that the impact factors are 01:30:58.630 --> 01:31:01.960 probably and how people in the field 01:31:01.960 --> 01:31:03.610 see the journal is probably 01:31:03.610 --> 01:31:06.710 more important than open versus not open. 01:31:07.770 --> 01:31:10.780 I agree with that. One of the major decisions 01:31:10.780 --> 01:31:12.580 [NOISE] that you make when trying to 01:31:12.580 --> 01:31:17.485 find the journal for a paper is you know your audience, 01:31:17.485 --> 01:31:21.655 you have your own journals in your own field. 01:31:21.655 --> 01:31:23.980 That sets up the dysmenorrhea, 01:31:23.980 --> 01:31:28.555 social shortness of breathlessness researches. 01:31:28.555 --> 01:31:30.100 I've already small fields and we'll stick 01:31:30.100 --> 01:31:32.095 to the same clump of journals. 01:31:32.095 --> 01:31:34.510 I guess that's another point to 01:31:34.510 --> 01:31:36.730 make that's got nothing to do with open access or not, 01:31:36.730 --> 01:31:40.000 but it's targeting your paper at the proper journal. 01:31:40.000 --> 01:31:41.830 That's something that just 01:31:41.830 --> 01:31:43.810 oftentimes takes a lot of experience 01:31:43.810 --> 01:31:49.255 and really some questions for other people in your field. 01:31:49.255 --> 01:31:51.160 Again, in my field we've got 01:31:51.160 --> 01:31:53.665 those top journals, Psych Review, 01:31:53.665 --> 01:31:58.795 which I've never published in because it's too up there, 01:31:58.795 --> 01:32:01.690 and then we have something for a really great, 01:32:01.690 --> 01:32:03.580 fabulous result that changes theory. 01:32:03.580 --> 01:32:06.895 Then something for really nice solid work 01:32:06.895 --> 01:32:09.280 that is just helping 01:32:09.280 --> 01:32:11.635 to push the field along a little bit. 01:32:11.635 --> 01:32:14.650 You target your article or you 01:32:14.650 --> 01:32:18.620 send it to the one that you think is most appropriate. 01:32:19.680 --> 01:32:23.155 That's very helpful. Thank you. 01:32:23.155 --> 01:32:28.765 Moving on to Andrew and Renee in either order, 01:32:28.765 --> 01:32:31.675 what opens have you been involved in 01:32:31.675 --> 01:32:35.650 and doing things more openly, 01:32:35.650 --> 01:32:38.695 either in scholarship and research 01:32:38.695 --> 01:32:42.400 or in teaching help you to reach particular goals? 01:32:42.400 --> 01:32:45.369 Either a personal goals, department goals, 01:32:45.369 --> 01:32:49.285 professional goals, student related goals. 01:32:49.285 --> 01:32:52.585 You decide amongst yourself. Who wants to go first? 01:32:52.585 --> 01:32:55.490 Renee why don't you go ahead? 01:32:57.620 --> 01:33:02.640 My foray into open education was really, I will say, 01:33:02.640 --> 01:33:04.710 somewhat selfish in that, 01:33:04.710 --> 01:33:06.765 in medical education, 01:33:06.765 --> 01:33:09.315 time is always of the essence. 01:33:09.315 --> 01:33:12.060 Identifying materials, resources for 01:33:12.060 --> 01:33:16.425 our learners is most of what we do. 01:33:16.425 --> 01:33:18.480 Traditional science textbooks just aren't 01:33:18.480 --> 01:33:21.925 an appropriate resource for our students. 01:33:21.925 --> 01:33:25.525 That was my motivation to really write 01:33:25.525 --> 01:33:27.850 a resource for my students that 01:33:27.850 --> 01:33:30.055 was going to be something that they could, 01:33:30.055 --> 01:33:31.600 it was a quick reference guide. 01:33:31.600 --> 01:33:34.420 They could get up to speed on a straightforward topic. 01:33:34.420 --> 01:33:35.980 I teach most of the foundational 01:33:35.980 --> 01:33:37.450 sciences for our medical students, 01:33:37.450 --> 01:33:41.575 so really looking at it from that perspective. 01:33:41.575 --> 01:33:44.785 Then when I started writing this resource, 01:33:44.785 --> 01:33:46.480 really becoming cognizant of 01:33:46.480 --> 01:33:49.150 the costs that this was saving our students. 01:33:49.150 --> 01:33:52.270 For an eight-week course, 01:33:52.270 --> 01:33:54.580 we were asking students to purchase anywhere 01:33:54.580 --> 01:34:00.010 between $1,200-3,000 worth of 01:34:00.010 --> 01:34:03.850 textbooks for a very short amount of content time, 01:34:03.850 --> 01:34:05.650 so one or two sections 01:34:05.650 --> 01:34:08.200 out of a textbook and then keep going. 01:34:08.200 --> 01:34:10.330 That's really why I started 01:34:10.330 --> 01:34:12.550 developing the textbook that we just published 01:34:12.550 --> 01:34:14.830 their VxWorks with some significant health from 01:34:14.830 --> 01:34:18.920 Anita and the rest of the library team, I will say so. 01:34:19.620 --> 01:34:21.820 I'll just jump this question. 01:34:21.820 --> 01:34:23.290 We were supported by VIVA, 01:34:23.290 --> 01:34:25.960 so virtual libraries of Virginia, 01:34:25.960 --> 01:34:30.850 both Andrew and I for this project and it was 01:34:30.850 --> 01:34:33.220 a substantial help to 01:34:33.220 --> 01:34:37.990 get that grant to allow us to publish these books. 01:34:37.990 --> 01:34:42.130 Our lofty goal was to publish a book for every course. 01:34:42.130 --> 01:34:43.960 We have eight basic science courses 01:34:43.960 --> 01:34:45.355 at the medical school. 01:34:45.355 --> 01:34:47.830 Right now we have two of those courses 01:34:47.830 --> 01:34:52.765 covered through one of these grants but Andrew. 01:34:52.765 --> 01:34:55.920 Yes. So one of the nice, 01:34:55.920 --> 01:34:57.660 selfishly we needed to do something. 01:34:57.660 --> 01:34:59.550 Medical education has been changing. 01:34:59.550 --> 01:35:03.000 It was rather specific infile instead of courses on 01:35:03.000 --> 01:35:04.230 physiology than one on 01:35:04.230 --> 01:35:06.810 biochemistry than one on histology, 01:35:06.810 --> 01:35:09.900 medical education has changed to an integrated approach, 01:35:09.900 --> 01:35:11.310 just like the human body's 01:35:11.310 --> 01:35:13.440 integrated and all those systems work together. 01:35:13.440 --> 01:35:16.330 That's how we're trying to teach medicine mow. 01:35:16.330 --> 01:35:19.780 But the textbooks have stayed in those silos and we 01:35:19.780 --> 01:35:21.520 expected the students to buy 01:35:21.520 --> 01:35:23.770 a great big thick physiology book, 01:35:23.770 --> 01:35:24.970 another one on histology, 01:35:24.970 --> 01:35:26.485 another one on biochemistry. 01:35:26.485 --> 01:35:29.125 I was trying to negate some of that. 01:35:29.125 --> 01:35:31.690 We've made not textbook's really flexible. 01:35:31.690 --> 01:35:33.580 You can take a chunk of Renee's 01:35:33.580 --> 01:35:36.100 and put it next to a chunk of mine, 01:35:36.100 --> 01:35:37.630 and now we've got the material for 01:35:37.630 --> 01:35:40.360 a class so that students can come in, 01:35:40.360 --> 01:35:42.370 prepared and do those clinical cases that 01:35:42.370 --> 01:35:44.840 we've got ready to go for them. 01:35:44.840 --> 01:35:47.995 It's been really useful. 01:35:47.995 --> 01:35:51.190 Doing this without the help of the library would have, 01:35:51.190 --> 01:35:52.870 let's say, be challenging, 01:35:52.870 --> 01:35:56.035 but it would essentially say would've been impossible. 01:35:56.035 --> 01:35:57.325 That was the word. 01:35:57.325 --> 01:35:58.540 I'll admit to it. 01:35:58.540 --> 01:36:00.415 It would have been completely impossible. 01:36:00.415 --> 01:36:02.050 I would have given up a long time ago. 01:36:02.050 --> 01:36:06.720 With just some of 01:36:06.720 --> 01:36:08.410 the information that you've had earlier 01:36:08.410 --> 01:36:10.555 on in this presentation, 01:36:10.555 --> 01:36:13.300 we needed to get up to speed and to 01:36:13.300 --> 01:36:16.645 have an eternal team turn around and say, 01:36:16.645 --> 01:36:19.075 no, you can just take that. 01:36:19.075 --> 01:36:22.930 It's open source, we just need to cite it and etc, 01:36:22.930 --> 01:36:25.660 and have all that advice and that help has 01:36:25.660 --> 01:36:29.510 been invaluable. It's been critical. 01:36:30.450 --> 01:36:35.155 I think as future educators or whatever 01:36:35.155 --> 01:36:37.570 your career goals are as knowing that there are 01:36:37.570 --> 01:36:41.020 repositories of materials that you can use, 01:36:41.020 --> 01:36:43.280 that you can leverage, 01:36:43.320 --> 01:36:46.150 so it's not reinventing the wheel, 01:36:46.150 --> 01:36:48.249 it's just knowing where to find the information 01:36:48.249 --> 01:36:50.740 and how to leverage it within 01:36:50.740 --> 01:36:52.570 your classrooms so that you can spend time 01:36:52.570 --> 01:36:55.720 doing other more creative space type things. 01:36:55.720 --> 01:37:00.860 That's been really impactful for my personal career. 01:37:04.530 --> 01:37:07.750 I have a question about that. 01:37:07.750 --> 01:37:09.910 Do you feel like you have to constantly 01:37:09.910 --> 01:37:11.530 be editing it and updating it? 01:37:11.530 --> 01:37:13.165 Is it a never-ending project? 01:37:13.165 --> 01:37:15.340 That's what my worry would be. 01:37:15.340 --> 01:37:19.930 I will say I started this project, 01:37:19.930 --> 01:37:23.920 I almost seven or eight years ago. 01:37:23.920 --> 01:37:26.725 Up until then I was always like 01:37:26.725 --> 01:37:30.355 editing and being reactionary on. 01:37:30.355 --> 01:37:32.200 The last couple of years since working with Anita, 01:37:32.200 --> 01:37:33.940 it's like the material is the same. 01:37:33.940 --> 01:37:35.560 The time to be reactionary and 01:37:35.560 --> 01:37:37.420 creative is actually in the classroom. 01:37:37.420 --> 01:37:39.490 If I want to change the paradigm, 01:37:39.490 --> 01:37:43.030 I can do it then but the glycolysis doesn't change, 01:37:43.030 --> 01:37:45.070 so I don't have to do that. 01:37:45.070 --> 01:37:47.335 That has been really liberating. 01:37:47.335 --> 01:37:48.850 I mean, I think especially for 01:37:48.850 --> 01:37:50.635 textbooks now it's like what's the highest, 01:37:50.635 --> 01:37:52.690 what's the most important correlate? 01:37:52.690 --> 01:37:54.250 For me as an educator, 01:37:54.250 --> 01:37:56.965 that correlate should be what I'm doing in the classroom, 01:37:56.965 --> 01:37:59.305 not what I'm asking them to come in for it. 01:37:59.305 --> 01:38:01.615 That's the beauty of medical education. 01:38:01.615 --> 01:38:07.250 I've relinquished that responsibility, it's been nice. 01:38:09.090 --> 01:38:11.905 I can't answer the question of 01:38:11.905 --> 01:38:14.200 whether or not the perpetual editing 01:38:14.200 --> 01:38:17.200 [LAUGHTER] is something that 01:38:17.200 --> 01:38:18.610 a lot of people are dealing with. 01:38:18.610 --> 01:38:21.295 What I am hearing from a lot of professors 01:38:21.295 --> 01:38:24.130 is that there is base material, 01:38:24.130 --> 01:38:25.690 there's core material to 01:38:25.690 --> 01:38:29.030 a discipline that does not change. 01:38:29.070 --> 01:38:33.565 Identifying what that is and then identifying what 01:38:33.565 --> 01:38:35.560 other literature someone wants to bring 01:38:35.560 --> 01:38:38.755 in from scientific journals. 01:38:38.755 --> 01:38:41.260 What other case examples they 01:38:41.260 --> 01:38:43.690 want to bring in that are more current is 01:38:43.690 --> 01:38:49.790 a really robust way to develop your course. 01:38:51.570 --> 01:38:57.370 I think most people who teach with an eye 01:38:57.370 --> 01:39:03.985 toward incorporating the newest research do that anyway. 01:39:03.985 --> 01:39:08.380 Having the body of work that you can rely on and add 01:39:08.380 --> 01:39:13.370 your own stuff too is really valuable. 01:39:15.020 --> 01:39:18.480 We have a couple other questions. 01:39:18.480 --> 01:39:20.475 I'm curious about this. 01:39:20.475 --> 01:39:23.220 From an equity perspective do 01:39:23.220 --> 01:39:25.050 the opens improve anything 01:39:25.050 --> 01:39:26.775 regarding learning and scholarship? 01:39:26.775 --> 01:39:32.170 Do they make things worse? 01:39:33.290 --> 01:39:41.205 I think there some a mixed feelings in this area. 01:39:41.205 --> 01:39:46.480 I'm curious to hear what you-all would think. 01:39:46.880 --> 01:39:49.380 I think it just fundamentally, 01:39:49.380 --> 01:39:52.110 having the information open, 01:39:52.110 --> 01:39:54.840 whether it be educational or whether it be scientific, 01:39:54.840 --> 01:39:57.630 it can never be a bad thing as the critical point 01:39:57.630 --> 01:40:01.455 is what the quality of that information is. 01:40:01.455 --> 01:40:03.810 Our books have all been peer-reviewed. 01:40:03.810 --> 01:40:07.710 A couple of them are still in that process, 01:40:07.710 --> 01:40:10.350 but still they're peer reviewed. 01:40:10.350 --> 01:40:13.155 But the accessibility is that there's a major difference. 01:40:13.155 --> 01:40:16.275 I think for me, this is an improvement. 01:40:16.275 --> 01:40:21.720 But we were very conscious about designing our textbooks, 01:40:21.720 --> 01:40:24.960 so they weren't just applicable to our curriculum, 01:40:24.960 --> 01:40:27.480 but could be used by medical students 01:40:27.480 --> 01:40:30.205 or even other health professions. 01:40:30.205 --> 01:40:33.440 So that it was much more accessible. 01:40:33.440 --> 01:40:36.860 There's a burst of medical schools here in the US, 01:40:36.860 --> 01:40:39.275 as well as other countries, 01:40:39.275 --> 01:40:41.390 some of which are resource-limited 01:40:41.390 --> 01:40:43.790 and to help those students even 01:40:43.790 --> 01:40:45.740 just not just pay for a book but have 01:40:45.740 --> 01:40:48.440 access to it was something that we bough in mind. 01:40:48.440 --> 01:40:52.050 I wish this is 01:40:52.050 --> 01:40:54.720 something I wish I had done early in my career 01:40:54.720 --> 01:40:57.930 because now I'm getting people 01:40:57.930 --> 01:40:59.220 reaching out and saying I'd like to 01:40:59.220 --> 01:41:01.665 adopt your book or this is what I do. 01:41:01.665 --> 01:41:03.630 I've reached out to other people in 01:41:03.630 --> 01:41:06.165 the OER field and said I really like your materials. 01:41:06.165 --> 01:41:07.515 Would you mind sharing? 01:41:07.515 --> 01:41:10.680 There's that fluid dynamic conversation. 01:41:10.680 --> 01:41:12.360 There's sparking ideas for 01:41:12.360 --> 01:41:16.380 other research projects or collaborations or support or 01:41:16.380 --> 01:41:18.420 mentorship or all kinds of things 01:41:18.420 --> 01:41:22.230 that would have been really helpful earlier. 01:41:22.230 --> 01:41:23.970 They are great now, but 01:41:23.970 --> 01:41:26.610 as a starting educator to have that group of 01:41:26.610 --> 01:41:29.130 people that are teaching similar courses 01:41:29.130 --> 01:41:30.750 across the university is just even 01:41:30.750 --> 01:41:32.535 looking at their course designs, 01:41:32.535 --> 01:41:36.690 their materials, it's really helpful, 01:41:36.690 --> 01:41:39.135 so I would encourage it. 01:41:39.135 --> 01:41:41.505 I want to jump in here that 01:41:41.505 --> 01:41:43.770 it's not just textbooks that are being shared now, 01:41:43.770 --> 01:41:45.825 it is things like syllabuses and the like. 01:41:45.825 --> 01:41:49.530 That is pretty awesome because if you want to have 01:41:49.530 --> 01:41:53.910 a syllabus that has black authors, 01:41:53.910 --> 01:41:58.710 women authors, authors from LGBTQ plus areas, 01:41:58.710 --> 01:42:01.440 etc, those resources are out there. 01:42:01.440 --> 01:42:04.185 You just send out a Twitter query, 01:42:04.185 --> 01:42:07.800 I'm teaching a course in this. Can you help? 01:42:07.800 --> 01:42:09.960 People will just sharing like crazy, 01:42:09.960 --> 01:42:12.525 It's quite pretty awesome actually. 01:42:12.525 --> 01:42:17.100 I imagine that the library would be open to, 01:42:17.100 --> 01:42:20.190 syllabus things as well 01:42:20.190 --> 01:42:21.870 if you have a pretty cool syllabus 01:42:21.870 --> 01:42:23.595 that you want to share with the world. 01:42:23.595 --> 01:42:26.520 We do have some syllabi in VTech works. 01:42:26.520 --> 01:42:27.870 I don't know how many, but I 01:42:27.870 --> 01:42:31.755 think we have had several people share things that way. 01:42:31.755 --> 01:42:35.430 There are few collections of open syllabi that I 01:42:35.430 --> 01:42:39.525 can find the links for those. 01:42:39.525 --> 01:42:41.370 Phillip did you want to say something? 01:42:41.370 --> 01:42:43.215 I noticed you're unmuted. 01:42:43.215 --> 01:42:46.260 Yeah, I just want to quickly add I agree 01:42:46.260 --> 01:42:48.630 with what everyone said so far. 01:42:48.630 --> 01:42:51.615 I think from an equity perspective, 01:42:51.615 --> 01:42:53.924 open as a huge advance. 01:42:53.924 --> 01:42:56.985 There was an article that just came out in the past week 01:42:56.985 --> 01:42:59.880 showing that the journals 01:42:59.880 --> 01:43:03.134 that are charging these article processing charges 01:43:03.134 --> 01:43:04.770 in a way or putting up 01:43:04.770 --> 01:43:07.780 a barrier on the other side of the coin. 01:43:08.030 --> 01:43:10.440 Twenty years ago, we had 01:43:10.440 --> 01:43:13.260 an environment where scholars from 01:43:13.260 --> 01:43:16.470 low and middle-income countries had no access to or 01:43:16.470 --> 01:43:21.165 very little access to the reading the works. 01:43:21.165 --> 01:43:25.860 Now that's slowly going away and 01:43:25.860 --> 01:43:27.750 the barrier is to publishing 01:43:27.750 --> 01:43:31.425 the works because of these APCs and journals. 01:43:31.425 --> 01:43:33.660 There was just an article that came out in 01:43:33.660 --> 01:43:36.055 the past week showing that 01:43:36.055 --> 01:43:38.090 fewer researchers 01:43:38.090 --> 01:43:39.680 from low and middle-income countries are 01:43:39.680 --> 01:43:40.970 publishing and open access 01:43:40.970 --> 01:43:43.265 journals because of these fees. 01:43:43.265 --> 01:43:46.460 For that reason, in scholarly communication, 01:43:46.460 --> 01:43:51.630 it's becoming the focus to move 01:43:51.630 --> 01:43:56.760 to journals that neither charge 01:43:56.760 --> 01:44:00.150 to read or charge to publish. 01:44:00.150 --> 01:44:04.095 That is going to take subsidies. 01:44:04.095 --> 01:44:07.305 Many libraries already support journals. 01:44:07.305 --> 01:44:09.570 In fact, at Virginia Tech Publishing, 01:44:09.570 --> 01:44:10.800 we already host a number of 01:44:10.800 --> 01:44:14.310 journals and funders are 01:44:14.310 --> 01:44:17.640 increasingly hosting platforms as well. 01:44:17.640 --> 01:44:20.880 My hope is that we're in 01:44:20.880 --> 01:44:25.740 an interim phase of open access and that in the future, 01:44:25.740 --> 01:44:27.090 we will move more and 01:44:27.090 --> 01:44:30.950 more towards an environment where it's free to 01:44:30.950 --> 01:44:35.795 read and free to publish through subsidies from 01:44:35.795 --> 01:44:37.790 academic libraries around the world 01:44:37.790 --> 01:44:41.670 and from funders around the world. 01:44:45.440 --> 01:44:48.930 I'll say around making data and code more 01:44:48.930 --> 01:44:52.680 available as I think I really liked Andrew's comment. 01:44:52.680 --> 01:44:55.125 First, with self-assessment available, 01:44:55.125 --> 01:44:56.400 it's a base level that's making 01:44:56.400 --> 01:44:58.125 it easier for everybody to do their work. 01:44:58.125 --> 01:44:59.910 Equality is really important. 01:44:59.910 --> 01:45:01.170 That was a concern where we're trying 01:45:01.170 --> 01:45:02.370 to start having emerging, 01:45:02.370 --> 01:45:03.735 people sharing data and code, 01:45:03.735 --> 01:45:04.905 it's going to be equality, 01:45:04.905 --> 01:45:06.270 this is a concern right now. 01:45:06.270 --> 01:45:08.980 Let's assume it is all equality. 01:45:09.350 --> 01:45:11.490 Once we get to that point, 01:45:11.490 --> 01:45:12.060 it's going to be 01:45:12.060 --> 01:45:13.560 a bit great benefit I think especially for 01:45:13.560 --> 01:45:15.060 graduate students because 01:45:15.060 --> 01:45:16.500 registrants bar often they're like, 01:45:16.500 --> 01:45:18.300 hey, there was this previous student who did 01:45:18.300 --> 01:45:20.325 so and so with some of our dataset. 01:45:20.325 --> 01:45:21.390 Why don't you just take their data 01:45:21.390 --> 01:45:23.445 and you'll work with that. 01:45:23.445 --> 01:45:26.610 For most of us, it's a very painful process to work with 01:45:26.610 --> 01:45:27.990 somebody else's data or 01:45:27.990 --> 01:45:31.080 code because there's no incentive to do it well. 01:45:31.080 --> 01:45:32.760 It's just a means to an end. 01:45:32.760 --> 01:45:34.530 If we've come to a first-class research project, 01:45:34.530 --> 01:45:36.060 that'll improve things for everybody, 01:45:36.060 --> 01:45:37.965 and it'll improve efficiency. 01:45:37.965 --> 01:45:41.535 However, I will give a negative here, potentially. 01:45:41.535 --> 01:45:43.440 Once you have a bunch of datasets 01:45:43.440 --> 01:45:45.645 available and a bunch of code available, 01:45:45.645 --> 01:45:48.150 researchers and research institutions that have 01:45:48.150 --> 01:45:50.955 more resources will be able to better make use of that. 01:45:50.955 --> 01:45:56.040 They'll have the resources to aggregate that stuff up 01:45:56.040 --> 01:45:58.290 and do research that maybe 01:45:58.290 --> 01:45:59.700 once researchers who have 01:45:59.700 --> 01:46:01.785 less resources could not be able to do. 01:46:01.785 --> 01:46:04.530 That might be a potential negative 01:46:04.530 --> 01:46:07.500 on the equity from my lousy, rich, 01:46:07.500 --> 01:46:10.455 good producing research universities to do more 01:46:10.455 --> 01:46:11.670 with stuff that's certainly 01:46:11.670 --> 01:46:14.830 available than other researchers. 01:46:16.460 --> 01:46:25.350 Thank you. Let's make this our last question. 01:46:25.350 --> 01:46:27.930 "What guidance would you share with 01:46:27.930 --> 01:46:30.090 future professors who might 01:46:30.090 --> 01:46:32.565 want to make their scholarship or teaching more open?" 01:46:32.565 --> 01:46:36.660 Another way to say this is what do you wish you knew 01:46:36.660 --> 01:46:43.870 when you were in your grad program early in your career. 01:46:44.150 --> 01:46:47.130 Be really nice to the librarians. 01:46:47.130 --> 01:46:52.500 [LAUGHTER]. 01:46:52.500 --> 01:46:54.360 Absolutely. Librarians are your secret weapon. 01:46:54.360 --> 01:46:55.770 They know everything and 01:46:55.770 --> 01:46:58.180 if they don't know what they can find it out. 01:46:58.760 --> 01:47:01.515 Yes. I agree. 01:47:01.515 --> 01:47:03.375 Ask lots of questions. 01:47:03.375 --> 01:47:05.830 They are very cool people. 01:47:08.600 --> 01:47:11.190 I guess the other part 01:47:11.190 --> 01:47:17.340 it's when students sometimes 01:47:17.340 --> 01:47:19.050 tell you stuff that they like and they don't like, 01:47:19.050 --> 01:47:23.100 and it's hard to figure out what's the correct answer is. 01:47:23.100 --> 01:47:26.505 Just keep trying new things. 01:47:26.505 --> 01:47:27.960 The first time I tried 01:47:27.960 --> 01:47:32.205 an open access textbook, the students hated it. 01:47:32.205 --> 01:47:33.510 They were just like I want to buy 01:47:33.510 --> 01:47:35.220 a book and have it in my backpack. 01:47:35.220 --> 01:47:39.810 Now that was 10 years ago and I think that's changed. 01:47:39.810 --> 01:47:42.840 But I've thought I 01:47:42.840 --> 01:47:44.970 was doing such a great thing and being so great, 01:47:44.970 --> 01:47:46.815 not forcing them to buy a book and they were 01:47:46.815 --> 01:47:49.440 just very unhappy with me. 01:47:49.440 --> 01:47:51.180 Try something, if it doesn't 01:47:51.180 --> 01:47:52.500 work, try something different. 01:47:52.500 --> 01:47:57.370 [OVERLAPPING] Go ahead. 01:47:57.370 --> 01:47:59.210 We have a similar. One of 01:47:59.210 --> 01:48:01.700 the parts of the evolution 01:48:01.700 --> 01:48:04.130 of our textbooks was to write iBooks, 01:48:04.130 --> 01:48:05.750 thinking that we were working 01:48:05.750 --> 01:48:08.660 with very technology savvy generation. 01:48:08.660 --> 01:48:11.760 This is four years ago. 01:48:12.040 --> 01:48:15.770 All we saw in the classroom was the printed out books. 01:48:15.770 --> 01:48:18.335 They printed them out and put them in binders. 01:48:18.335 --> 01:48:21.060 Know what your audience wants. 01:48:21.060 --> 01:48:24.200 Even I ask them before one of the most important part 01:48:24.200 --> 01:48:26.690 of the processes in this evolution of our books 01:48:26.690 --> 01:48:30.740 was to do a focus group with 01:48:30.740 --> 01:48:32.540 the students and take 01:48:32.540 --> 01:48:33.890 the first chapter of the first book 01:48:33.890 --> 01:48:36.005 and say, what do you think of this? 01:48:36.005 --> 01:48:38.525 It's not just what your learner wants, 01:48:38.525 --> 01:48:39.815 it's what they really need. 01:48:39.815 --> 01:48:42.815 Those things sometimes don't add up. 01:48:42.815 --> 01:48:46.835 Be very educationally based with it too. 01:48:46.835 --> 01:48:50.060 Final thing I got. The other thing I would really 01:48:50.060 --> 01:48:52.760 encourage you to think about is to not silo your work. 01:48:52.760 --> 01:48:54.110 That you're teaching, 01:48:54.110 --> 01:48:55.820 you spend so much time on, 01:48:55.820 --> 01:48:57.620 leverage it as scholarship. 01:48:57.620 --> 01:48:59.075 When you start doing that, 01:48:59.075 --> 01:49:01.905 your scholarship and your teaching and 01:49:01.905 --> 01:49:04.950 your whatever your research is, 01:49:04.950 --> 01:49:07.470 they will blend and will make your lives 01:49:07.470 --> 01:49:10.485 and your careers much more fulfilling and enriching. 01:49:10.485 --> 01:49:13.500 If you place that high level of value in 01:49:13.500 --> 01:49:16.010 what you do in the classroom on everything 01:49:16.010 --> 01:49:19.610 you're generating there and disseminate it and own it 01:49:19.610 --> 01:49:24.360 and be really proud of that. I would encourage that. 01:49:29.680 --> 01:49:36.585 Great. Students, you have the last word. 01:49:36.585 --> 01:49:40.860 If there's anything that you want to say in the chat, 01:49:40.860 --> 01:49:45.900 I'll give you a minute to say it or in Mentee. 01:49:45.900 --> 01:49:49.455 But we really appreciate your time. 01:49:49.455 --> 01:49:51.690 We look forward to a time when 01:49:51.690 --> 01:49:54.370 we can do this in person again. 01:49:54.470 --> 01:49:58.695 Thank you very much to each of our panelists. 01:49:58.695 --> 01:50:01.395 You do have links to the slides. 01:50:01.395 --> 01:50:03.255 We do have the chat. 01:50:03.255 --> 01:50:05.040 I'll put together a list of links 01:50:05.040 --> 01:50:08.410 and send them to you through Johnny. 01:50:08.630 --> 01:50:12.510 Thank you, Kayla for the tech support. 01:50:12.510 --> 01:50:15.930 Thank you, Johnny and Amy for the invitation, 01:50:15.930 --> 01:50:20.835 and Philip and Jonathan 01:50:20.835 --> 01:50:22.680 and Andrew and Renee and Amy 01:50:22.680 --> 01:50:25.425 for being here and talking with us. 01:50:25.425 --> 01:50:28.485 We really enjoyed talking with you. 01:50:28.485 --> 01:50:31.455 Thanks so much and have a good evening. 01:50:31.455 --> 01:50:32.865 Thanks, Anita. 01:50:32.865 --> 01:50:34.395 Thank you. 01:50:34.395 --> 01:50:36.030 Have a good evening. 01:50:36.030 --> 01:50:37.785 Bye. Thanks. 01:50:37.785 --> 01:50:39.850 Thank you.