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   <ui>1687-3963-2006-031605</ui>
   <ji>1687-3963</ji>
   <fm>
      <dochead>Research Article</dochead>
      <bibl>
         <title>
            <p>FPGA Dynamic Power Minimization through Placement and Routing Constraints</p>
         </title>
         <aug>
            <au id="A1" ca="yes"><snm>Wang</snm><fnm>Li</fnm><insr iid="I1"/><email>lwang@isi.edu</email></au>
            <au id="A2"><snm>French</snm><fnm>Matthew</fnm><insr iid="I1"/><email>mfrench@isi.edu</email></au>
            <au id="A3"><snm>Davoodi</snm><fnm>Azadeh</fnm><insr iid="I1"/><email>azade@glue.umd.edu</email></au>
            <au id="A4"><snm>Agarwal</snm><fnm>Deepak</fnm><insr iid="I1"/><email>deepaka@vt.edu</email></au>
         </aug>
         <insg>
            <ins id="I1"><p>Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Arlington, VA 22203, USA</p></ins>
         </insg>
         <source>EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems</source>
         <issn>1687-3963</issn>
         <pubdate>2006</pubdate>
        <volume>2006</volume>
		<issue>1</issue>
         <fpage>031605</fpage>
         <url>http://jes.eurasipjournals.com/content/2006/1/031605</url>
         <xrefbib><pubid idtype="doi">10.1155/ES/2006/31605</pubid></xrefbib>
      </bibl>
      <history><rec><date><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2005</year></date></rec><acc><date><day>18</day><month>4</month><year>2006</year></date></acc><pub><date><day>29</day><month>8</month><year>2006</year></date></pub></history>
      <cpyrt><year>2006</year><collab>Wang et al.</collab><note>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</note></cpyrt>
      <abs>
         <sec>
            <st>
               <p>Abstract</p>
            </st>
            <p>Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are pervasive in embedded systems requiring low-power utilization. A novel power optimization methodology for reducing the dynamic power consumed by the routing of FPGA circuits by modifying the constraints applied to existing commercial tool sets is presented. The power optimization techniques influence commercial FPGA Place and Route (PAR) tools by translating power goals into standard throughput and placement-based constraints. The Low-Power Intelligent Tool Environment (LITE) is presented, which was developed to support the experimentation of power models and power optimization algorithms. The generated constraints seek to implement one of four power optimization approaches: slack minimization, clock tree paring, <it>N</it>-terminal net colocation, and area minimization. In an experimental study, we optimize dynamic power of circuits mapped into 0.12 <it>&#956;</it>m Xilinx Virtex-II FPGAs. Results show that several optimization algorithms can be combined on a single design, and power is reduced by up to 19.4%, with an average power savings of 10.2%.</p>
         </sec>
      </abs>
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   <meta>
      <classifications>
         <classification id="FPGAES" subtype="theme_series_title" type="BMC">Field-Programmable Gate Arrays in Embedded Systems</classification>
         <classification id="FPGAES" subtype="theme_series_editor" type="BMC"/>
      </classifications>
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   <bm>
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   <url>http://www.xilinx.com</url>
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