Welcome everyone, thanks for being here. Some of you have to be here, but those in person and online
we welcome you tonight to this event that we have every every semester. And Dean Surprenant is
always saves a time in the semester for us to do one of these sessions on Open Access and
tonight is a particularly propitious night to have this event because
of something that's just happened recently in terms of federally funded access to or
access to federally funded research and we have a special guest tonight Heather Joseph from
the organization SPARC who's going to give us a talk to begin with. But let me do
a bit of housekeeping and then we can turn to the to the program so next slide
the slide one on it was just balloon
so just just this is International Open Access Week so that's another thing we try to coincide
with with Open Access Week for tonight's event so there's one event tomorrow that if you're
interested, please join us: How to take advantage of the University's open access policy.
And tonight's agenda is will proceed basically three portions of the program first
we will begin with Heather Joseph's talk about OA requirements for federally funded research
we'll have some Q&A after that and then we'll have brief presentations on various aspects of open
and at the end we'll open it up for general discussion with the panel.
So if you go to the next slide please I just want to introduce our panel tonight and speakers so
we have Kayla McNabb who's seated here who's assistant director for teaching and learning
engagement in the libraries here; Jonathan Petters, who's online, he's assistant director
for data management and curation services here in the library. We have Dean Surprenant, Tyler
Walters, Dean of the University Libraries, and Philip Young, repository manager for VTechWorks
in the University libraries. And joining the panel is Ali Briggs as well, a graduate student who's
TAing for this course so Tyler if you would you like to introduce Heather Joseph.
All right good evening everybody thank you for being here
so it's my pleasure to introduce our featured speaker Heather Joseph
who is executive director of the SPARC publishing uh SPARC, the scholarly publishing
and academic resources coalition. It's a non-profit advocacy organization that supports systems for
research and education that are open by default and equitable by design, believing that everyone
should be able to access and contribute to the knowledge that shapes our world. SPARC's membership
includes 250 libraries and academic organizations across North America, with affiliates in Africa
Europe Japan and individual member organizations in Australia Hong Kong and Saudi Arabia.
Under Heather Joseph's stewardship, SPARC has become widely recognized as the leading international force
for effective Open Access policies and practices. Heather regularly participates in committees
and collaborates on projects with U.S federal agencies ranging from the NIH National advisory
committee on PubMed Central to the NIST steering committee to establish the research data framework
and in 2019 she spearheaded the establishment of the national academies of science engineering and
medicine's Roundtable on aligning incentives to support science, my favorite initiative.
internationally Heather has worked on initiatives to promote open sharing of
research outputs at the United Nations, World Bank, UNESCO, and the World Health Organization
and as you're about to hear more recently she's led advocacy around zero embargoes for federally
funded research and data, an achievement that's being realized soon with the White House's office
of Science and Technology policy memo entitled Ensuring free immediate and Equitable access to
federally funded research, issued in August of 2022. So please join me in welcoming Heather Joseph.
Thanks Tyler I'm gonna go ahead and share my screen here so you can see some slides
that's working for folks I'm hoping all right let me just get full slideshow up here
we go um thank you so much and thanks Tyler for that introduction um it's really a pleasure to be
with you all here tonight um uh to celebrate Open Access week and as Tyler said it's a particularly
exciting time in the U.S. around access to open access to federally funded research results so
I'm going to talk uh tonight a little bit about the Nelson memorandum which is the
recent White House policy directive on ensuring open and Equitable access to the results of of
taxpayer funded U.S taxpayer funded research and what I'm going to cover in the next 20 minutes or
so is to try to talk a little bit about the the background um and context in in which this this
new policy development kind of sprang out uh talk of course about what the Nelson memorandum is and
what's in it uh why it matters I'll try to focus on the key elements of the memorandum that really
affect you all and we'll kind of hit you where you live on campus including um the new regulations
that will uh um be coming down the pike around accessing or actually lifting of limitations in
terms of accessing scholarly Journal Publications but also publications of other kinds research data
uh the components of the memorandum that deal with improving scientific Integrity uh and coordination
and also in particular uh the emphasis that the memorandum has on ensuring Equity uh across all
um areas of scientific communication and then um as Tyler said we'll have plenty
of time for questions and answers to dig into any particular aspect of the policy or you know
even sort of the Open Access environment that you might have questions about as we go along
um in terms of uh kind of context for this this uh new policy development
um as Tyler said the organization that I um am the director of uh called spark really
works to focus on um uh one premise and that is that sharing knowledge is a human
right and we firmly believe that everyone everywhere should have the right and the
ability to access contribute to and benefit from uh knowledge that's generated all around the world
um and I think you know you all from from you know where you sit on campus I think understand
you know intuitively that the whole goal of research and scholarship is to share knowledge
as widely as possible Right you want to be able to build on the ideas of others freely and you want
others to be able to build on your ideas that's the entire kind of you know driving force behind
um uh sharing knowledge and um the U.S federal government that is an enormous funder in basic
and applied research right that contributes to scholarship and uh and and research uh both here
in the in nationally and and around the world the government funds about 80 billion dollars
in basic research um each year and that means by the way that you fund about 80 billion dollars
in basic research each year right because the government funds taxpayer dollars they fund the
money that comes out of your taxes my taxes so we are the research funders here and this generates
This research generates a ton of Articles and data tens of thousands of Articles you know terabytes
petabytes of data every single year but you know the drill right it's really difficult to access
a lot of this material particularly the data and we're all familiar with how expensive it can be to
get access to articles that report on the results of research that public dollars tax dollars
have funded and in the policy environment that's because we're really still operating by and large
under rules and regulations and laws that were established in a pre-internet era they're they're
based in a print-based paper-based environment they're defined by Communications limitations from
that environment and we also have you know those rules and regulations compounded by uh culture
um uh cultural norms that have grown grown up that really uh reward exclusivity right we're rewarded
in higher ed for publishing and high impact journals we get rewarded for doing that and
those who can afford to subscribe to them can get access to those that can't well you know kind of
good luck unfortunately not the greatest uh most Equitable operating environment in terms of policy
so at spark um uh where Tyler has served on the steering committee of spark many folks at Virginia
Tech are active in the library are active in our our organization and have been active uh for the
last 20 years um in uh um promoting advocacy on a whole bunch of fronts to to really try to
change uh the underlying rules of um how research and scholarship are shared particularly in the
policy environment and then the policy environment we've worked together to really create incremental
change which as much as you'd like to you know think that policies you know you have an idea for
a policy we see the problems you know we'll we'll we'll advocate for it in Washington and in one
fell smooth the policy will be changed it's really not I wish it worked that way it's really not how
it works it's very incremental so over kind of one foot in front of the other over the last 20 years
we started with changing the regulations for one agency in 2005 the National Institutes of Health
um and kind of working on flipping the Norms right really getting the feds to recognize
things that seem simple but that really needed to be embedded into policy that first and foremost
the public taxpayers are entitled to access the results of research that they've funded and those
outputs should be freely available and also fully reusable in the digital environment that we're not
operating in a print-based environment anymore we can share these things freely and people can
should be able to use them to text mine data mine compute on make them AI ready for natural language
processing all the cool things that we now have the ability to do in a digital environment
and we've worked to um promote policies in the federal government that also
um are based on we can doing this by taking advantage of the opportunities that the
internet and network digital technology present and flipping the norm creating a world where the
norm is is that you share the results of the research that you conduct and that the federal
government funds unless or until there's a compelling reason to lock it down which is
the polar opposite of the world we've been in the Norms we've been operating under for the
last you know 100 or so years again started slowly with one agency with the NIH in 2005.
um and kind of slowly built over the next over about a decade um culminating uh uh in 2013 when
the Obama Administration issued the policy that we've been operating under for about the last
decade so um the Obama Administration policy the sort of prevailing policy up until two months ago
was that the feds kind of took this on board and said if you take money from the federal government
to do research we're going to make sure that the public can get access to articles that report on
that research but we're gonna allow Publishers to embargo to keep it under wraps to keep it under a
paywall for up to a year and they didn't really do anything to address the ability for those articles
to be fully used in the digital environment and they didn't touch the data that results
from federally funded research at all so really kind of incremental steps a big sweeping policy
in 2013 that moved the needle quite a bit but didn't go didn't go far enough well two months
ago two months ago tomorrow uh on August 25th the White House went far enough they really went there
um we have worked on promoting uh changes to the Obama era policy for the last decade and on August
25th the ostp the office of Science and Technology policy in the White House issued a memorandum
updating that prevailing policy guidance called ensuring free immediate and Equitable access to
federally funded research results that did a very simple but amazing and sweeping thing the
memorandum directs all federal agencies every last one of them that does scientific research
to make all articles and data that results from taxpayer fund funding from U.S federal funding
freely available in publicly accessible by default without embargo for any delay after publication
it is an amazing and sweeping policy um that uh really changes the the the underlying rules of the
road and it get it will get us once it's enacted you know pretty much 90 to where we would like to
be in terms of Shifting to have the default mode be open sharing for U.S federally funded research
um why do they do it why why now um well there's a the the uh the memorandum is has that long title
right ensuring Equitable access it's short-handed as the Nelson memorandum after the um acting
director of The Office of Science and Technology policy Alondra Nelson who signed the memo so
you'll hear me kind of shorthand this as the message memo you'll hear other folks refer to it
as the ostp memo so if you hear that nomenclature um that's where it comes from so why did they do
it um well uh Dr Nelson and the team at ostp provided really um I think compelling and uh
helpful uh materials that accompanied the actual policy itself and they've also written a couple
of Articles and blogs since and they've really put I think the driving factors behind you know
why they moved um moved in this direction into a really good context they use a lot of the same um
rationales that we've been advocating for for you know two decades that they're doing this policy
and making this material available to speed up the pace of Discovery um and to uh also accelerate
translating Research into public benefits this is really about serving the public on every science
policy that we do in the United States pretty much every policy has an economic component right so
um they believe that this policy will promote Innovation and competitiveness they also really
felt it was important as an income as an incoming Administration to improve scientific integrity and
boost the Public's trust in science and what could be more important you know in 2012 and they also
believe that this policy will help the federal government to have more ready access to high
quality data and information that will support evidence-based decision and policy making which
are really great drivers um they also you know were very clear and this is a the next two slides
are just quotes from the actual uh uh supporting text for the policy themselves that they spent
a lot of time this Administration and even the prior Administration the office of Science and
Technology policy did a lot of consultations and got a lot of public feedback on what was working
well with the current policy you know was it okay that we were sort of almost to immediate access
did we really need things that you know articles that were machine readable uh that you could text
and date of mine was it good enough to just have articles really need to worry about making data
available and they were very very clear about what they saw as the limitations and the driving
factors for this particular the Biden Harris Administration in particular to make this move
and they indicated that that 12-month embargo was a was a big problem and the the reason that it was
a problem was that it limited access to research results to only those who were able to pay for it
or have the privilege of being able to access it through libraries or other institutional means and
you know in the text accompanying the policy they said that financial means and privileged access
let's never be the prerequisites to realizing the benefits of federally funded research that the
American public deserves you will see this theme um as we talk a little bit about the components of
the policy of ensuring Equitable access to and and contribution to uh uh federally funded research
throughout this policy I'm really really loved the um uh the language that that you know also talked
about the fact that the the insights that come out of this research should also be immediately
available not just in moments in crisis but in every moment a real driving factor I think for
the administration and moving forward was um the pandemic and this you know talk about a wake-up
call in March of 2020 when uh you know it was clear that we were in the middle we were at the
beginning of uh not just a national but a global pandemic one of the first things that happened was
um the White House um we got a call on a Saturday from somebody in the White House saying oh my gosh
how do we put together a you know a database of all coronavirus related academic Journal papers
that can be text and datamines so that we can you know begin to to attack this this this problem
right we you know how how do we do it and you know I I have been doing ad advocacy long enough that
well if you had a national open access policy you would have access to this and you wouldn't
have to worry about it but what they actually had to do at the beginning of um the covid-19 crisis
was to actually go and negotiate with Publishers individually for access to coronavirus related
articles pay to convert them to a machine readable format um get the rights for text and data mining
and establish a database before they could even turn you know the scientific communities full
attention onto working on this issue and I think that was a moment where they realized we don't
ever want to be in this position again the fact that we you know just a few months ago have been
looking at the MPX the monkey pox virus as a potential addition you know another round
of pandemic I you know I really do think that it can't be understated or overstated how much of a
driving factor that was for this Administration to want to move forward and say look in covid
sharing research articles and data openly and immediately let us get from sequencing the virus
genome to developing a vaccine at the fastest time in human history why would we keep these paywalls
in place for things like other diseases like cancer for clean energy for climate change and
they really you know kind of came forward and said this policy is you know our way of saying that
there should be no delay between taxpayers and the return on their investment in research and that
return on investment is not monetary right you know it's not like we're we're getting dividends
in terms of stock but we're getting dividends in terms of solving um major science-based problems
much faster and in a more Equitable manner um as I said the the memo itself covers sort
of four key areas Publications research data and scientific scientific integrity and Equity
um Publications is probably the one that um is the mo will most directly impact all of you on campus
um and the policy very simply makes all research Publications funded by U.S federal agencies uh
freely available to all immediately upon publication and you know how does it do
that um and what are they what do they mean by by Publications um well first and foremost um the the
policy covers always covers uh Journal articles and and or the authors accepted manuscript of a
journal article but the the the policy also gives federal agencies the leeway to say if you want to
go farther and require that book chapters that result from uh that report on federally funded
research or peer-reviewed conference proceedings that report on federally funded research results
if if a federal agency wants to expand the policy to include that material it can do it
right this is really saying we do believe that open is better than closed and that we want the
we want federal agencies in different disciplines to have the ability to say if you want to flip the
default to open for other things besides Journal articles we can you can go ahead and work with
your communities to do that and the policy doesn't say you have to make you have to make your article
um or your book chapter or whatever open in one specific way it says as a default
um you can do it in the easiest and most cost effective way possible which is simply to deposit
your manuscript or article into an Open Access repository that's approved by the federal agency
or you can publish in an Open Access Journal that charges and I'm going to put air quotes
here reasonable publication fees and we can talk about reasonable and unreasonable publication fees
in the Q a because there's there's a lot to talk about there and here is where I will just say that
the equity guidelines and kind of guard rails that the ostp included in this memorandum will
play a very important role in determining what's reasonable what's not reasonable
um unlike the previous uh memo and this is no shade on the Obama administration because
it was great that they put a policy out there you know really laid the foundation but this
um uh Nelson memorandum requires that articles and data be available in machine
readable formats so that they can be text and data mined and it lays the groundwork for
um open licenses and the right kinds of permission structures to be uh attached to those Publications
so that articles and data can be used as fully as possible in the print environment
so this is essentially a policy that says the default is now 100 open for Journal articles
um going forward for research data it's um it's also uh it's much stronger than the than the Obama
era rules were um specifically the data that you need to validate the conclusion of Articles also
needs to be made openly available immediately upon publication to the public immediately and
freely so that means that the data whether they need to verify the conclusion and also
to reproduce the results that the article is reporting on has to be made open as well that
is an enormous change from any policy that we've had in the United States in the past
um uh and really represents I think a big step forward in terms of uh their
the administration's approach to really wanting to improve trust in science and scientific integrity
um it also asks agencies to to begin to really think about systematically dealing with how you
might share the data research data that is generated out of research that may not be
affiliated with directly affiliated with a publication right so the vast majority of
the data that that you generate in research isn't under necessarily underlying data for
an article there's a lot of you know other data so if the memo begin really opens up
the conversations and asks agencies to provide guidance on that data as well
um uh for the the data sets that uh underlay articles um the guidance is a little more
granular and will provide um asks agencies to provide very specific um guidance to researchers
on where you should deposit your data how any limitations on data should be handled where
Publications are really black and white right they're either open or closed and the feds have
said this has to be open data is still Shades of Gray underlying data open the other data
we have a lot you have a lot more leeway a lot of that can still be um uh not necessarily
closed but available under terms that may not be fully open but are findable accessible reusable
interoperable you know things that I think will will kind of be getting to um down the pike
scientific Integrity as I said the um this is was clearly a a priority of the Biden Administration
from day one clearly a priority of ostp and unlike any memorandum on public access or any policy on
public access from the NIH on through to the Obama era memos this is the first time that that we've
had a policy that includes specific Provisions that are designed to improve scientific Integrity
um along with um the the requirement uh for sharing the data to validate and reproduce
the policy includes Provisions um that will be implemented implemented later on and I'll talk
about the time frame in just a second for this policy that will require something that makes
our librarian Hearts uh sing with gladness which is uh appropriate metadata at the time
of publication and also it promotes the use of persistent identifiers I'll say a little bit more
about this if the the policy requires agencies to essentially develop full plans for improving
scientific Integrity over about a 5 of your period the metadata that that it will require agencies to
collect is metadata associated with Publications and data around authors affiliations the source
of funding right um the things that that um uh uh that that really sort of improve our ability
to contextualize who did the research how do they do it Etc and who paid for it like what are what's
the motivation behind it um and it also increases it will increase the use of digital identifiers on
two fronts um over time I think all researchers will actually be required this doesn't require
it but I think we're going to get there um all researchers will be asked to obtain a persistent
digital identifier like an orcid ID so that your work can be correctly and directly attributed to
um to you and it also asks agencies uh to begin to work to assign digital persistent identifiers
to all kinds of research objects not just dois on articles but persistent identifiers on data
sets on you know other elements of research outputs which it's not you know being done for
any sort of punitive reason but rather so that those those objects those research outputs can
not only be tracked and tracked back to uh the the researcher who generated them so that when
we started think about how we want how we may want to incentivize and reward outputs other than just
Journal articles we have a much more systematized way and robust way to be able to do that over time
um the language in the memo you know really talks about restoring trust in science and
um getting into the idea of how Equity flows through every piece and every element of this
memo and all the requirements the supporting language talks about um the importance of diverse
communicate communities participating in research when that happens the discussion of restoring
trust and science moves Beyond just our campuses and the Ivory Towers and becomes a conversation
among the broader public there's no this policy is really steeped in the end goals of the results
of taxpayer-funded research as a public good and about this policy being designed to improve
the public good um and as such the policy asks federal agencies to specifically each examine
um inequities that currently exist in uh their requirements for publishing
um a federally funded research results and access to them and particularly directs agencies to pay
attention to the effects on uh traditionally underserved communities from Minority serving
institutions to community colleges to you know public institutions and also to researcher
populations uh including um researchers of color and those that are early in their careers so it
has a very very heavy Equity component the the policy um language you know concludes or or the
some of the supporting language really concludes with the notion of that ultimately you know
eliminating the barriers to Discovery and research outputs are Central to this administration's
commitment to equity Central to their commitment to Scientific integrity and evidence-based based
policy making and in probably most important to us and to their everyday commitment to providing
research that actually delivers benefits to the public so we're absolutely thrilled to have this
policy out there there's a lot in it um lots of different components lots of moving pieces
um it is going to go into effect uh January 1st 2025 which seemed like a long lead time
um the the the the the elements of um accessing making sure that articles and data are open by
default is January 1st 2025 the scientific Integrity Provisions have a longer lead time
2027 again feels like a long lead time but the first deadline for federal agencies to
have outlines of their plans for the policies will go either due to ostp in the Office of Management
and budget this February and many of the agencies that we've spoken to said they're already working
on their plans and they plan to have them in you know sooner than that I will guarantee you that we
will be seeing the calls for public comment right that we'll be seeing the draw draft policies and
plans as early as January of 2023 and that we as a community as higher education students professors
teachers administrators Librarians folks who are working on information will be asked to
provide feedback so there's going to be lots of opportunities to engage to make sure that the
policies are implementation goes in the direction that that our community feels you know is in line
with the values of the communities which I think you know pretty closely track with those of of
this Administration so I'm going to stop there because there's that's a lot of information and
happy to talk about any aspect of this that y'all would would like to um uh happy to dig into any
uh element and uh not sure if you want to do questions in the chat or Tyler Howe questions
questions in the chat and then any questions in the room just raise your hand and we should
be able to hear them as long as you speak up so are there any questions online yeah
any questions from the room I think I have one sure go ahead um can you hear me
um so I thought that open access and maybe this just shows my lack
of understanding but I thought that open access was based on the journal itself
um and I think you kind of you started to mention this but I don't think I quite caught
how it all works um so from my understanding Federal funding comes like per lab right so my
lab has an NIH fund that's Federal but you know if I'm going to uh publish an article
um and do I have to choose to publish it in an Open Access journal or can I tell the journal
that they have to make my particular publication uh Open Access or how does that work does that
make sense yeah it absolutely makes sense right now you would have to choose to publish in an Open
Access Journal if you wanted your article to be fully open under this new guidance
um you can publish in any Journal that you want you don't have to publish in an Open
Access journal and pay to make your um article open you can deposit a copy of that article your
your make your essentially your manuscript into an open repository and be done that's considered
complying as long as that article is openly available on the day of publication through
a repository you're fine if you want to choose to publish in an Open Access Journal many of
them charge what are called article processing charges they they charge they charge you extra
for Open Access um you can do it but you don't have to now you can you can comply with this
policy by simply depositing your manuscript in an Open Access Repository thank you sure great
question Heather does um is there concern about depositing in all these different repositories
and being connected people being able to actually search and bind yeah I mean that's that's a big
thing right so the guidance says in an agency approved repository so it's pretty clear that
the the subset of agency approved repositories is going to start out to be Federal repositories
like PubMed Central nih's repository but one of the things that we're doing in the Library
community and in spark is we've created a US repository Network group to work with the feds to
um uh they they're doing consultation already undesirable characteristics of repositories to
make sure that institutional repositories like you know a repository at Virginia Tech can be
a a An approved repository um and that those repositories operate in a way that's that's
interoperable with the federal repositories over time um so it's a that's a big it's going to be a
big issue we don't want it just to be you know PubMed Central or bust we'd like there to be
a robust subset so we actually established this repository Network um about a year ago so that it
would be in place when when and if guidance like this came down to to address exactly that question
uh Sadia is that your how you say your name you want to ask your question yes it's Sadia
thank you uh so your question is that there's a lot of emphasis on you know science stem
absolutely um research in you know in in uh in stem and steam-based contents uh this
um memorandum covers the research of all kinds it uh will apply to things like the
National Endowment for the Humanities just the same as the National Science Foundation
um and one of the things that you know the biggest question is will there be funding
available to help support um compliance with this and we actually had the folks from ostp
do two briefings over the the course of the last two weeks and every time that question came up the
answer was the Federal Government recognizes you know that support is going to be needed and yes
absolutely for humanities and social sciences as well as stem what form is it going to take
that's what we're going to have to see you know as the the plans come from agencies but
um the we we I actually talked with the folks at the National Endowment for humanities uh a couple
of weeks ago and they're actually enthusiastic about having digital Humanities in particular
included in this NSF does a lot of you know sort of social sciences um uh Department of Ed will be
covered by this Smithsonian will be covered by this you know all kinds of of agencies that um
are going to be a little bit newer to the game one of the things that the feds are doing is they're
pairing up agencies that have more experience in developing these kinds of policies with agencies
that are new to the mix so the reason I wasn't picking on neh and NSF they're paired up together
because NSF has been you know I think working on these kinds of policies for a little bit longer
neh is new to the game but they're really the interagency collaboration and consultation is
heartening to see um so yes absolutely sure thank you and one more thing to add on to it that along
with the open educational resources are their plans of integrating project-based learning
into the content of uh Open Access programs to give students a Hands-On learning environment
which is the more appealing and fascinating and Innovation towards the education in these
times they're not as part of this policy but I would encourage you to kind of watch this space
um you may know that NASA earlier this year declared 2023 the year of open science and part
of what they're doing is developing curriculum that does things that are similar to what you
just described right embedding this kind of course courseware project-based learning into
kind of open science learning we're hearing that the federal government as part of the kind of wave
of of open is a good thing we want to get behind it may actually kind of do a blanket declaration
uh as 2023 is the year of open research opens something and certainly if NASA is any
example there will be opportunities through that Initiative for us to and the community to promote
um uh uh activities and actions like that so I would watch the space thank you so much thank you
and let's have a question so I appreciate your defining data in the open data or not you the
um the federal government um I've recently come from Canada
and we were having quite a bit of discussion about what data means
um because of course um in some Fields you collect an infinite amount of data when you've got
videotapes or you know rocks and things like that being alive um but uh the metadata uh is something
that I think is going to make most researchers sprinkle their brow and say oh my god I've got to
talk to the library because I don't even know what metadata means um so um how is that going to be
rolled out how are we going to be able to figure that out that is you know what you just described
is exactly the reason why um the that component of the the the policy uh has until 2027 to be
be figured out because the the ostp folks are absolutely honest in saying the agencies basically
said we have a basic idea how to do articles we have a sorta idea how to do data we don't know how
we're going to deal with with metadata I mean it's not like it's a complete Black Box but I would
look for some pretty significant consultations and and collaborations with the community to
Define how that's going to get done because I honestly don't think they know at this moment
there's very little detail in the memorandum about how that the metadata component is going to be um
established but I would look for the the Library community will be active Partners obviously in in
um coming up with strategies the the strength and the weakness of this approach um by ostp is on the
one hand you know you always hear in the policy making environment one size doesn't fit all and
that certainly applies to data in you know data practices uh across disciplines that the agencies
cover so giving the agencies flexibility in these um in components of policies is a must and a good
thing coordinating and making sure that things like metadata practices are discipline specific
enough but coordinated enough to be meaningful and useful um that's really where the rubber
is going to meet the road in terms of defining what the individual agencies do and how it rolls
up into a cohesive policy that's going to be a challenge it's not going to be not going to not
going to sugarcoat that one thanks for that just as a reminder to everyone all the students here
you now not only is it recommended that you do a good job of labeling your data and the like you
have to do it and so you have to come up as a team for actually making sure that someone else can
analyze your data so keep that in mind as you're collecting it it's a lot easier I think one of
the most important things too is that there's a recognition in this Administration with the
national academies of Sciences with the growing Cadre of University leaders that as the default
is Shifting to the expectation from funders being you're going to share openly unless or
until there's a compelling reason to shut it down rather than what we have now that we need to work
together with you know institutions departments funders sort of across the board to also update
um incentives and rewards so that you know it's not just you gotta do it but if you do it and
you do it right you're in annotated data set can be part of your CV and you know fed into
your research assessment process for additional funding right your contribution to peer review
might be you know one of whatever the research output is now if there's appropriate metadata
and persistent identifiers associated with it it can be tracked back to you not in a creepy
surveillance way although we want to guard against that but in a hey these are outputs that are now
tracked they're valued they're not just required they're valued and we can really begin to rethink
um on an individualized basis in disciplines departments and then rolling up into
institutions and funders what the rewards should look like for that and incentives
okay we need to wrap it up here I just had one just one question though Heather
you didn't mention compliance so is what is there an element in there in the guidelines
around clients or do you have a sense of how that's going to be taken care of
um I you know compliance for the article and data portion of the show is
um something that's already in place like it's a it's a a a component if you want to get additional
funding from the agencies and you haven't complied they track right so the NIH for example um says
that they're at roughly about 90 percent compliant with um sharing articles under the current policy
so I my my sense is that at least for the article and data portion of the show they're going to be
continuing using the compliance mechanisms that are currently in place which is tracking back
um you know with your Grant reporting it's got to be a component in the the grant report and
when you will when you apply for new funding they do look um so I think that's going to
be one of the big components great thank you very much um anybody let's thank um
thanks again
um so from now if we could go back to the slides the regular slides um
by the way I just realized I didn't even tell you who I am so my name is Peter Potter I'm
a publisher director at the University Library strong colleagues with many of the folks here and
we publish Open Access here so I'm very interested in this in this subject
um so the next for the next um portion of our program tonight uh we're going
to have [Music] um Philip is going to be again speaking we've already talked a lot
about Open Access but he's going to put it in some local contexts for us so um Phillip
thanks Peter um I want to back it up just a little
bit and review some of the basics of Open Access briefly next slide
um the definition that we've used in the library for the long time comes from Peter Suber who wrote
that open access literature is digital online free of charge and for your most copyright and
Licensing nutrition so I think of this as a two-part definition number one you can get up
to it without any kind of login or password or paywall or anything like that you can access it
the second part is sometimes forgotten um that means that um it doesn't have
any copyright enlisting restrictions means that it facilitates Starly shared so this is
usually done through a Creative Commons license which I have up there on the screen that's a
um attribution license uh there in the lower levels I think of this as permissions given in
advance so you're able to share the article you're able to use parts of the article you
can use in the class all these permissions are given in advance whereas you don't have
that with within article uh strictly under copyright for example you want us to use
part of an article you would probably have to contact that journal and that journal May charge
so um I just want to emphasize those charts of the
Open Access definition because the second one is is often program next
so there's two ways to make your work open access the first is publishing in an Open
Access Journal that's sometimes called go away in the literature
um typically this is done under Creative Commons license
um there is a really great resource out there that we use a lot here in the library called the
directory of Open Access journals if you're looking for an Open Access journal in your
discipline this is a great place to go it's at doaj.org and you can search on a wide variety
of factors defined Open Access journals in your field that have been thoroughly vetted by Doha
it often takes up to a year or more for journalists to get into the directory
because there's so much background checking that goes on there uh one of the controversial parts
of publishing Open Access in a journal are the article processing charges and it's important to
say that not all open access journals have an article process to charge many are subsidized
behind the scenes by libraries by funders by various uh means but many of the best
known students are I do have an article process instruction and I link there the suspension fund
which is the fund we have here in the libraries to help with those charges and anyone in the Virginia
Tech Community is is free to apply to that subvention fund there are several restrictions
to that fund but anyone in the community is welcome to use that to apply to the fund
the second way to provide open access to your work is less well known but um it is free um and that
is posting a converting of your article to an Open Access repository and this is sometimes referred
to as Greenway literature and so this is what um Heather was talking about depositing a scented
version to PubMed Central or one of the agency repositories that they're going to identify so
it's not going to be the final Journal version but it is going to be the peer-reviewed version uh in
manuscript form so right now most journals allow this but they do Place restrictions on when and
where you can do it so for example most journals will place an embargo on this 12 months or more
so that was the big deal with this Federal memo is that it removed those embarkments because up until
now the NIH funded articles could be delayed up to 12 months it must work [Music] um another way
um articles can be open access and repositories that they are covered by an Institutional
open access policy and Virginia Tech has a new policy that was just passed in last year in 2021
and because we are covered by this policy which has illegal ways no Journal permission
is needed to share your work there so in other words you can provide your work freely with no
embargo in the University repository regardless of what the journal or publisher terms are yes
so one thing I want to discuss briefly are article version so it's it's really helpful
to understand different versions of Articles and so the first one is the submitted version
which is sometimes called a preprints um and these are not peer-reviewed because
um you know it's the version as you might submit to a journal
during the pandemic of course because people wanted to share their research quickly right
peer review process can save Moss sometimes up to a year or even more so when you're in the middle
of a pandemic you don't have time for articles necessarily go through the peer-reviewed process
um and so this is how a lot of the covid-19 research got out quickly
um in repositories select bioarchive and net archive and I've got a little
um example in the upper right there they have a warning in yellow saying hey this is a pre-prince
it has not been peer-reviewed so there's that warning there this is not peer-reviewed research
but it gets out fast it doesn't have to wait for the peer review to process one thing to be aware
of if you're sharing a preprint online is that if you have some Target journals in mind to publish
with you need to check their policies first because not all the journals except preprints
if you're in the Life Sciences um pretty impressed we're pretty revolutionary and
journals actually haven't changed their policies to accept preprints because they saw all the
written articles that were out there um but in other fields if you're in another discipline
um so you want to put a preprint online uh you want to look at the journal website first to make
sure that they accept reprints otherwise we might be ruling yourself out publishing in that journal
and so these two kind of Open Access through the prepared repositories bioarchive archives started
back in the early 1990s and so now there are preparing repositories and almost there because
um as I mentioned they're fast that's one of the biggest advantages of them
also increasingly you can link to them now in advance proposals in Tanner dossiers and things
like that whereas before you might say well here's the article title and its impress or I submit it
to this terminal well now you've got a DOI and you can link people to the full version of the article
um you can get feedback on preprints and so that can be useful a lot of times people will post
preprints before they submit it to a journal and some Fields priority is really important like who
who talked about this for through this over this process first that sort of thing these are time
stamps so you can point and say this came out first or I was the first post preparing on this
subject um there's also accepted versions so these are peer reviewed these this is your manuscript
after it's not through the peer review process and you've made all the changes um that your
viewers have asked for this is sometimes called a post print to differentiate it from pre-print
so this is peer review um it is made Open Access uh via the publisher policy as I mentioned on
the previous slide or through an Institutional policy um ours started in 2021 and so we have now
open an Open Access articles made openly available through the policy in our repository decent course
um and again it does lack the journal formatting it's not going to be the
pretty format that the journal has it's going to look more like a Word document
but it's not in terms of content it will be equivalent to your Journal published version
as far as the published version um a lot of researchers are not quite clear on the fact that
you can't legally post that journal article online if you published in a subscription or paywall Journal
um typically you'll sign a copyright transfer agreement to that journal and a journal owns your
article now they set the terms and typically they say no sharing of this version of the article if
you publish it in an Open Access journal with a Creative Commons license you can post it anywhere
you like you can publish it put it deposit in a repository you can put on your personal web page
there are no restrictions uh really on on that at least for the most liberal license the attribution
license there is a non-commercial license which might restrict some commercial uses next
so I want to talk a little bit about our policy which is pretty new anyone at the University can
use it it does apply to the accepted version of the scholarly article so not the pre-print and not
the published version and um you can deposit anytime from the day that's accepted through one month
after publication with no embargo needed. And one month after publication is really more of a nudge
to encourage people to make to have an open um article available around the time of publication
but a lot of people get a table of contents alerts Google Scholar alerts and if they can't access the
published version then they'll look for an open version they'll be able to find it in
a repository. Ours go into VTechWorks which is our repository here at Virginia Tech
and we have three ways for folks to um uh deposit articles there, the first is elements or the EFAR system
uh that many faculty on campus are already using and uh grad students also have access to that
we also have Google form um where the article can be uploaded with minimal metadata and it
can also just be emailed to us at vtechworks@vt.edu and the reasons of this are some of
the reasons we talked about earlier which is that a lot of people don't have access
to peer-reviewed research so that's especially true globally and low and middle income countries
um it's true for government policy makers NGOs and so a lot of people out there that
would benefit from access to the research and there's also benefits to us as authors
in terms of citations more downloads and that sort of thing next
and so we have a guide to the policy the URL is there at the top of the page and this this
covers our policy goes through step by step how to deposit has a extensive FAQ
how to prepare your version for deposit and that sort of thing and I'm leading a
session tomorrow on the open access policy where we'll go into more depth on this next
and so I just wanted to show you briefly um what an accepted manuscript looks like
in our repository uh this is one from a faculty member in Psychology and this is a good practice
at the top to say hey this is this is uh the accepted version of this article saw through
peer review here's the full citation and here's the DOI if you want this published version next
and so we have lots of resources for Open Access here at Virginia Tech we have a guide to the
policy here in Virginia Tech email addresses where you can ask questions about the policy
or the mechanics of deposit and of course we have links there to our repository that you can look at
um we have a a wider Open Access guide which also covers publishing in Open Access journals
it covers the access books and so you may be interested in the Open Access guide in general
and then we have also a guide to our submission fund there there are some restrictions to that
um to our submission fund which you should understand first before you reply to them
and so that's all I have if you have any questions I'll be glad to address them now
I know that's a lot of information we have time for one or two questions did folks have them
anything online all right we can uh move on to our next uh so we're gonna look at a
couple of other kinds of open and we're going to start with I believe Jonathan
Petters talking about open data and Jonathan is online you can see him there so
um go ahead Jonathan all right can you hear me
all right great all right so so uh Philip just talked tell us a little bit about open access to
Publications and manuscripts uh through Virginia Tech some of the resources around there I'll talk
some about open data and access to other things so let's start here so sharing other research outputs
white data but not just data things like research protocols procedures software code all of these
things we can share now because the internet exists so Heather Joseph went through this a
little bit but it's a it's a really big paradigm shift for sharing information previously we have
to share everything in print and you could share some data in print it can happen but now with the
internet we could share all these other things really easily relatively speaking so we should
do so why might we want to do so I'm going to start on the right here facilitating new research
Pathways data and software generated in one discipline can be used in another and uh allowed
you know reused to form new research new methodologies and another discipline it's all good
enhancing the transparency of the research if you really want to know what's going on in a research
article uh the research that's describes in a research article uh you generally need to see
more than what's just in the article you need to see the underlying data software that might
be used some more information about methodology survey instruments all these other pieces of the
research that are not necessarily in the article and lastly here I'm letting reproducibility and
Heather also mentioned that being in a position to repeat experiments uh see if you can do them
again and this has been an issue in the past so if we go over here and look at the left uh
describing uh it's a Nature article describing uh an Amgen study uh where the this company Amgen was
looking at several landmark biomedical research studies and trying to see whether or not they
could reproduce it from what was available and most of them they could not many are many uh um studies
were not able to be reproduced so sometimes this term The reproducibility Crisis crisis is
kind of a strong word but uh noting that previous research has sometimes is difficult to reproduce
and makes you sometimes question the conclusions uh where Dean Serpentine comes comes from working
in Psychology this has been an issue that is being an issue of concern within it's in that discipline
so many good reasons we want to share other things so those are some of the carrots uh sticks as well
if you go to the next slide please check uh as we already just heard uh practice from from funders
and from journals to share more data so uh one thing actually I worked on with with spark over
the years is a is a resource that looks at data sharing requirements there uh the by federal
agency these are particularly the big the big funders the ones that were under the uh the Obama
level uh 2013 memo she referred to uh so all these funders funders have some some uh requirements
around data sharing uh they have different requirements based on their missions and what
they're asking for researchers to do but National Science Foundation Department of energy National
Endowment for the Humanities they all have some say something about data should be made accessible
as a research results should be made accessible to other folks and those requirements are as we
just heard strengthening but it's not just the funders it's also the Publishers Publishers like
plos who haven't put in a data policy in 2014 uh and other Publishers science nature professional
Society journals uh these these Publishers all like to see that there's more there's a research
that they're providing uh providing access to and providing access to the underlying data software
code does that so carrots and sticks good reasons for sharing other things next slide please so
quick quick thought uh software for the students here uh have you actually used another person's
research data or software in your research or are you currently doing so and if you are how's it
going how did it go if you tried to use it so I'll just give a give a little time to see if anybody
wants to chime in and say how this has gone if they're following a fellow graduate student's work
or following another researcher's work how's that uh how's it going is it going well is it painful
see if anybody wants to chime in here on the chat I see One race
Hannah we'll go for one comment please please uh please sir go ahead Mohammed
um I personally was looking into Data that was uh trying to link um a Tremor Behavior Uh using
a specific device and the results I'm getting to personally are so different than what I've been
published in their publication and it's taken me like three months so far trying to reproduce
What they've been working on so I had to switch up my thoughts it's just trying to reproduce it
just see if I can hear from a deny it so working with their data was really
hard and like I've never been able to achieve the same data that they achieved
that was a great comment it's almost like I planted you Muhammad thank you very much oh
that was great no this is I think that this is a very common situation you're you're interested
you've found some research you're really excited about you want to see if it you can you can use
it as a foundation for the work you're working on or compare against results that you're getting and
it's really challenging uh it's really challenging a lot of times the information that's in The
Narrative of an article just isn't everything you need to know to do this kind of comparison that
you were talking about Muhammad so uh it can be a very painful process so uh so that goes towards
one issue we're sharing data is is technical issues what needs to be shared what information
do I need to have around this data uh in order for other people to use it if I share my own data so
that's one issue around sharing data it's a nice thing to say we need to share data but we have
to think about the issues in doing so so this is great that's a great example thank you very
much all right so go to the next slide Jay so one barrier in Sharing sharing data and doing it well
is technical what do we need to share to make the data reusable to whom what information experience
do that does that person have that's one year with these are technical questions that were
resolve uh another one is sharing really large data sets if the data set's really large I can
put up 10 terabyte file on on online until you go download it there's my data but you're not getting
a 10 terabyte file downloaded unless you're unless you're on a much faster Network than I am
so there are other technical issues around we need to address there are legal issues around
sharing your data and Heather Heather just have mentioned some of these but I'll just use one
example of sharing human subjects data we're doing data that came from Human participants surveys or
clinical trials uh generally that data is shared with the assumption that it's not gonna the data
is given to us allowed we're allowed to collect it with the Assumption it's not going to be shared
further that these people's confidentiality is not going to be violated and so how do we share
that legally we can't share it that way we have to we could ask for consent when we do the data
collection we can look at ways to de-identify the data remove identifiers but there are concerns
about how well we can do that and make sure the data is not re-identifiable so there's concerns
there there are legal instruments we can use to share this kind of data like data use agreements
but who wants to add a legal process on top of these things that involves more time and effort
so there can be legal barriers to sharing data uh cultural issues uh in some cases there it
was in some areas of research scholarships science uh data sharing has been occurring
for a very long time so around big science I use the term big science here uh multi-million
dollar experiments or very large instruments typically there's been an understanding that
data generated in those courses in the course of that kind of research would be shared within the
community that that funds it so astronomy is a good example of a discipline where data sharing
is occurred a lot environmental Sciences in some cases have have very large experiments where the
data will be shared but a lot of research is done in small teams you know very small teams a pi a
couple of graduate students maybe a couple of a couple of professors getting together and data
sharing like that through from from groups like that that's a new thing the idea that we should
we should share data like that is new and you know academics are not academic practices by
definition are not are not Progressive they're tend to be very conservative so that's something
that'll take a little while to change and then in some disciplines this is not a thing you know the
idea of sharing the data underlying research is a new idea and it's going to take a while for people
to get comfortable with the idea and figure out how to do it uh amidst all the other complications
and of course in the end here this all costs money developing infrastructure to share data
and share other output share software once we figure out how to do it it's going to
take people Personnel digital infrastructure and so where is that going to come from we may
come from the federal government because they're pushing pushing requirements further but that is
the question where your institutions come in where do you Publishers come in you're a lot
of good questions sir so last things we need to consider we're trying to share data more widely
uh next slide please now for you graduate students you're not going to change the research
infrastructure free research Enterprise today uh what can you do uh uh I would say basically
follows these two acronyms aimed for fair data and trustworthy repositories so uh trying to create
data that is findable accessible interoperable and reusable so fair nice little acronym to
remember and deposit it in repositories that are trustworthy so this is a little harder for you to
read I understand but but repositories that have properties of transparency uh responsibility to
the data that they're they're stewarding Focus to the users they're sustainable and they have
a view on technology the the first principles are a little newer idea than the fair principles
which have been around for eight years now six years uh so two little acronyms to remember so
when you're creating a data associated with your research see about depositing in the repository
to share it more widely when you can and making that data Fair and uh Heather I've already already
used this kind of acronym a little uh the little slogan here at the bottom but I'll I'll say here
as open as possible and as closed as necessary so making making data sharing the default that
data should be widely accessible as as it can but acknowledging that there will be some barriers for
for doing so that maybe we can't share data that comes from Human subjects human participants or
data that's associated with natural security that that's true for some of our data that
comes out of our engineering school uh but the default should be that this data should be made
accessible to others because it furthers furthers our research Enterprise it's good for everybody
all right now next slide please to help you do that here like Virginia Tech we do a couple of
things we uh we run a data repository so this is separate from VTEC works we just heard about
veto works for Philip we're at a separate data repository at leaning the Virginia Tech data
repository and we can use that to help you share your data make it make it widely accessible link
it to your Publications uh and help you work on documenting it a little bit better when
we share it you as graduate students all have active accounts on the on the repository you
can log in and and upload your data when you're ready to share it and we can talk to you about
the publishing it that's one way one one Avenue you can use when you when you get to that point
in your research studies uh down at the bottom here also mention the registry research data
repositories our E3 data this is a tool uh out of the out of Europe that is a good registry of I
think around now 2 000 separate data repositories around the world uh in different disciplines and
in other places as I can search on to see if you can find repositories that you might deposit your
data in and also a place where you might find data that is useful to you it's also possible to find a
repository that's relevant to your research and we can help you consider archiving options when
you when you come to us we can help you figure out where you might want to deposit your data and how
to do it so such a true data are in fact Fair next slide next last slide so for helpful sharing data
openly and uh and all things research data I I have many colleagues work in data services you
can contact us at dataservices vt.edu we'll help you consider about ways to share your data also
can help with planning for good data management uh help with methodologies and Analysis depending on
the discipline we do a lot kind of things that can help help you out with your research we're
here to help so at the last little image here is is about um and also run a run a class of one a
one credit eight week class through to graduate school grad 5024 which will run in the spring
about data management skills and to give you some time to think about these kind of things
more deeply if you are interested so feel free to to look that up as well and I will stop there
I'm gonna answer your questions we have time for a couple of questions
okay
uh did you want to go ahead and ask your question that you put in the chat sure I I can do that um
uh being in the social sciences obviously we have a little less federally funded work than
the hard Sciences might um uh so how often does does non-federally funded work go into the data
data repository uh and and do you guys uh what is often done with qualitative data in these kind of
situations all right great question thank you Brian um we the often the driver Free People
publishing data in our repository is the uh a journal requirement or a funder requirement but
it also I want to specifically focus on the journal requirement in this case because so
some some social research and some professional societies have gotten really excited about data
sharing and want to see it happen for social science research uh political science uh aps-c
I believe is the name of the I'm probably messing it up the professional political science uh
professional Society has a has an agreement with the odim Institute UNC to share all their data
um there's also a repository called icpsr interview Consortium for political and
social research another place for a lot of uh social science and political research goes and
actually that's the oldest one of the oldest data archives around it's been around since 1960s they
were sharing tape drives in the mail so is this kind of thing has been done for quite some time
um so with regards to qualitative data with you know interviews uh coding of interviews
and whatnot uh this stuff can can be shared just as well just as well as others uh there
and and there are some fun federal agencies that request that this kind of information shared
um potential science has been a place where there has been a real push for this kind of thing and
um there are also repositories I'll talk a lot about open data here there are also
repositories icpsr is one that uh allow restricted access to to data where it's
really challenging to de-identify it uh but they're still at use a need for the the data
to be shared within the community they can have a vetting process to to show that kind of data
so I was a little bit of rambly there but hopefully I got to get some information
it certainly occurs qualitative data in social science data are certainly part in the mix here
so Jonathan do they get is there a DOI or some record that you can point to and put
in your CV and things like that yes uh well for a good repository uh you know there are many out
there this is a this is an emerging emerging ecosystem but yes for our repository and for
other good ones you will get a DOI for your data set and then you have a DOI for your manuscript
or your pre-print and the two can both point to each other such that you can link up the data to
the to the manuscript and vice versa and you could also have the data set VA salable object on your
CV or manuscript discuss how many times it was viewed and downloaded um and yeah just another
research object is something we'd all like to see in data that other things apart from manuscripts
are elevated to be first class research objects it's not just all about manuscripts anymore so yes
all right thank you Jonathan and our last talk uh on open educational Resources by
Kayla McNabb all right thank you so much Peter um so we've talked about
um bits and pieces of what we're going to get into in this section so you'll
hear some callbacks for sure um but um so let's start with what are oers
um so starting at the beginning objects uh are created for educational purposes as you might
imagine open educational resources but similar to some of the other things we've talked about
right these are freely available typically that's online um there may be a cost in order to get a
printed physical version of an oer um they are openly licensed so users can read reuse revised
retain remix and or redistribute uh these items and they come in many different types of formats
uh some of the most common that you run into would be textbooks videos handouts software
um but really anything that can be used to support educational purposes could potentially fall under
this umbrella so how are they different oer and Open Access so oer is generally related
to teaching learning like you said whereas Open Access is commonly related to scholarly outputs
right so that's all of what we've been talking about works so that could be books articles
videos data that could be your results your methodologies um but you can also find more
information in this handout that our colleague India walls put together about differentiating
between Open Access and open educational resources so that gives some really kind of Hands-On side
by side that looks like and you just put it in the chat as well for those online um so I would
definitely encourage you to check that out because it gives you a lot of the um the terminology that
are really helpful as you dig into this world so we looked at Connor different how are they related
um so they're both always free and accessible without restriction like Phil was talking about
so you have to be able to get to them not behind a paywall um there are often resources available
to help you create both types so we talked about suspension fund for Open Access there are often
different types of grants that you can get for creating oer and Open Access materials
can be used in classes so in that way they are similar to oer and it can be supporting learning
um and oer are considered Open Access so we'll look at how that overlaps here in just a second
public domain and cc0 as a couple of extremely permissive licenses that might be on oer
um and then we'll dive into those Creative Commons licenses that fill up alluded to earlier so
getting kind of this broad picture of Licensing uh public domain like I said those are the most
permissive you don't have to say where you got it from or who created it you can just use it uh
and then we get into some attribution licenses so the CC buy that extremely uh common and still very
permissive uh Creative Commons license just means you have to get attribution you can still make all
kinds of changes to it um you can make money off of it but you do have to say where you got it from
then we get into a little bit more restrictions we've got CC by share a like um and after that
CC by NC um so that is share like means whatever license you put on there people who want to adapt
your creation have to use that same license and then non-commercial uh like we mentioned earlier
uh and then we've got some versions where we're adding some of those pieces together
so attribution plus non-commercial plus share alike and uh attribution plus no derivatives
which means you can't make any changes to it so um you know you could make money off of it you could
incorporate it into uh things that you've created but you can't make any changes to that core text
um or artifact if we're using maybe a bigger umbrella term um and then we start combining
those so attribution not a commercial no derivatives and then the least permissive
something that's under copyright but is available for free online so that is um not going to support
those five bars that we've talked about so two clicks uh so all of those can be
open access but only those first five are really within the spirit of open educational resources
so just a couple of uh visual organizers for us to keep in mind as you're out in the Wilds
of the internet looking for resources this shows you the most open to the least open
the uh the different types of licenses that we just went through and then the right hand side
here shows you the different icons that will be showing up for those different licenses
all right so if we wanted you though we are how do we even do that that um all the licenses still
allow for fair use in your teaching so if you have questions about fair use definitely reach out to
folks in the library we have some really great resources on that um but just to put that at ease
can still be used on repair use um you can check any resources that you find to see what
the license permits so as soon as you go out and start looking for oer definitely want to make sure
if it doesn't allow for derivative so you're not making any changes to the core content those kinds
of things um remember that all Creative Commons licenses do require attribution so you want to
know where you got something from and be able to point back to it and ideally oer should allow for
as many of those five bars as possible so less restrictive is better like John said like we all
say open is better uh reuse revise retain remix and redistribute remember your five hours as much
um kind of taking advantage of as many of those artists as possible because what we're really
hoping for earlier are next so how do we find that oer there are some different approaches depending
on what they're looking for so for learning objects lesson plans until about a couple places
I can point you to would be oer Commons which is linked all of these things obviously are linked
to the slides um so there are many different disciplines of uh learning objects various types
of oer Commons and you can look based on different um levels so if you're say working with various uh
K-12 groups or something like that you can search based on that which is really great uh here at
Virginia Tech we have a learning object repository based in the library it's called Odyssey uh so if
you're looking for resources about um fundamentals of doing research or information literacy or
digital literacy um that's a really great place to get some resources uh and then the last one
we have links there is the MIT open courseware uh website so they've offered for many years now
um a lot of open courses um so that includes lots of video content um there's really high quality I
would definitely encourage you to reach uh reach out to those questions and then like I said before
textbooks open textbooks are often what folks think of when they think of oer um and two great
places to look for open textbooks in addition to our publishing website and libraries uh would be
openstacks or the open textbook Library um so the open textbook library is really great
because there are um reviews from folks within the individual disciplines of the books that are there
um and you can potentially contribute to those reviews as uh folks within your field and that's
really helpful for folks who want to adopt oer next you could also create OVR yourself
um so after the new tech we've uh published several textbooks um one that we'd like to
point to is our fundamentals of the business so it's an entire Edition that was published in 2020
that is available under a cc by NCSA license uh because this is share a like license that's
the license that there was before so that's why we have to maintain a more restrictive license
um it is free in digital and it is printed at cost and shipping so if students want to have
a physical copy of that book they can um is at cost um also we collaborated with Batman
to create some learning models as we have a dog model and a cow model that you can see in VR
um and students use that to better understand the anatomy of these animals before they get
Hands-On with them um which makes everybody feel better um so there are some links to
those in the notes section of the slides as well um yeah next thank you um I love it
um open educational practices so we want to think about open education and Beyond just the resources
right oer is situated within a broader context of open educational practices and these are the
practices for teaching and learning that are impactful for students and they include using
non-disposable assignments so what does that mean that means I as the instructor and not the only
person who ever sees the paper that a student wrote right so you're creating assignments where
students are engaging with each other they're sharing things out with the community ideally
um and invite students to play that sort of active role in their learning so that might be
um about being self-directed that might be about following different aspects of the
required curriculum that they're most interested in it can look a lot of different ways um and then
open pedagogy is one kind of application of these open educational practices um that link um on open
patio do there goes to an open a book about open pedagogy it's really fantastic can't recommend
um and then below this we have a couple of links to some different examples so first we have some
students who took part in um writing a product management book for instructional designers so
the uh the instructor and that course realized that there wasn't a good resource for students
in that area kind of specifically within their context and so what they did was work with the
students in the class to kind of break out these different pieces of what they felt like students
in the future would need to know they wrote those chapters and then it became a book so
um they were able to process that and learn from each other but also there's a resource
that's available for others later on um and similarly the the last one that's linked there
is for students who collected ct0 literature so early American literature is out of copyright
um but I don't know how recently you've tried to read early American literature but it is not
easy uh so if the really helpful students that have this kind of supporting texts so
a couple paragraphs before that really explain the context within which that work was written
um and so the open anthology of early American literature does have
all right questions great thank you Kayla so um before we open the panel discussion um any
questions for Kayla about oer specific to oer do you want to raise we have time for one or two
yeah um how are the people who develop all these get I mean other than the fact that we
are employees here how do you get compensated for the time so one of my professors in the chemistry
Department actually wrote a textbook and gave it to all of us for free and I just kind of wondered
like how he's been compensated for that enormous amount of time that goes into those materials
for sure that's an excellent question um money is very important um so it looks different ways but
um there are different um Grant programs so depending on
um you know what discipline you're in there may be more or less funding for those kind of textbooks
um if it's something that may have a broader appeal than a textbook then there's also
different organizations of the published open monographs um so um BT publishing here
does various types of publishing uh and Anita would love to know more about your professor
in chemistry uh and he she works directly with um with all of our textbook uh authors
um am I gonna get him in trouble no no more we we want to support um yeah so we we love to be able
to to connect with folks who want to do that kind of work because you're very right it is hard work
um and it's something where um I know we've talked a little bit about it in a couple of
different contexts that we're working toward it being more recognized in like 10-year promotion
processes but it's still we're still getting there right so all the time and effort that it takes to
write a textbook that could impact maybe tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands of students
um isn't necessarily seen on the same level as a book that's going to be sold for 45 you know so
it's it is a challenge but there is they're responding through different
universities but also through organizations um like in the federal government and Beyond
anything else
all right so um thank you very much Kayla um so what we want to do now is um open it up for kind
of discussion about anything we've talked about tonight so one way to start one way to get this
started I think is I have a question for our two deans here to um from your own personal experience
um with with Open Access and the move towards open how have you seen it over the course of your
careers changing do you see it do you see momentum working towards open and a greater Embrace of it
um either of you can start off
okay I'll go first so um I should preface this by saying that um I'm this uh in December we'll be
celebrating 30 years after my PhD so um it's been 30 years uh so I have seen quite a bit of change
um and um I do um and as was mentioned I'm in psychology and cognitive psychology in
particular and cognitive psychology and kind of science has very much embraced uh the um open
data in particular um but there are some um uh some difficulties that we've been running into
I think in the field in Psychology in particular and the first is that some of the journals are um
has has not been mentioned tonight are predatory that they will publish anything if you pay them
um and um and so that's a little disappointing and difficult for students to navigate sometimes and
even I've been caught in the um the track one time we did I had I had a student who submitted a um uh
something for a book chapter but it turned out that they then charged us a lot of money for it
so it was a bad experience um what we've found is that some of the journals that started out being
um what we thought was going to be okay um and I'll I'll call out Frontiers in Psychology
they started out being very um very good and prestigious and it's just been going downhill
um so there's been lots of really bad um comments about that particular journal and it's turning
people off I think a little bit since going that way yeah yeah it started out as an away thing and
then just stop being rare bigger um and then the other thing is [Music] um that there have been
some people who appear to have taken the open data thing as a um a way to um say catch up to people
and they've taken their careers to go and dig through other people's data and and show that the
um the data were not properly analyzed or or whatever and so there's been a lot of um negative
um comments uh where someone says well you you're lying and cheating in these particular data so
um so there are some um some negatives to it but overall I think that um particularly the open data
and I would love it if there's been a lot of um uh the qualitative data actually is that gets um out
into the world because that can be analyzed again and again for different things um to ask different
questions particularly during the pandemic um and I don't think my previous Universe would be then
um I was I'm very hard to Commitment students that they can use uh previous Club previously
collected data that are out there in the world who've been in the instrument amount of data
collected already and so you should be able to um to use that data in your in your research to
make hypotheses and test hypotheses you don't have to collect your own data all the time
um that I think is uh an uphill con but I think we will get there that the people will
be starting to use publicly available databases to do a lot of data analysis
I don't know gosh where to start um I've published openly a lot myself
most I think well actually all my Publications that are open are in a repository uh either
here or my former institution Georgia Tech maybe a few other places uh a lot of my presentations are
available so I've always tried to practice that I think in my own working perspective I think I was
um it's about 2005. excuse me uh someone from the National Science Foundation gave a presentation on
open data and how the NSF was looking at how to promote that idea or encourage it
and I was just kind of Thunderstruck from that moment it's 2022 and I still deal with open data
policy matters and going to conferences writing about it
so it's really been I think a big a big deal there's a lot of technical
concerns about how to do it well it's easy to say well throw it in a positive question no you know
yeah how do you find it how do you use it be able to meditate if you have you know meteorological
data do you have metadata that tells you you know the date and time of day the data was taken do you
have information about uh the you know the time of day the temperature at the time the level of
community there's a lot of metadata it's needed to really document a wide variety of research data
and if that's missing it's really hard to use it I remember being in one one meeting actually at the
center of urban science which is Charlottesville and the faculty member said you know I I I can
meet the letter of these policies from groups like The National Science Foundation I can hand
anybody a binary file on a flash drive and you can put that in repository it doesn't make it useful
and that statement's hung my head for years it's like yes I think the letter that that little
scenario can mean the letter of a policy but the intending the point of these kind of policies
is to make research materials shareable data part especially uh you need to do that again
well documented and be able to use it you you have to have certain parameters you know
um the uh actually something President Biden has worked on and he worked on as vice president it's
called the the cancer moonshot an app project and which is kind of getting started now it's all
about sharing data from researchers on various forms of cancer and making data repositories
available to the researchers of Interest so this you know this issue of sharing data is just to
me it just so underlies so much of what we do in the academy it it's just it's just kind of amazing
um you know I've been involved in building repositories and we're both building repository
Networks Heather mentioned the U.S repository Network I've been involved on that Advisory Board
early on that group done a lot of work there so it's been interesting to try to go from you know
one repository to other repositories tough to one another and how do you people get access to
that and I think one of the things I've learned early on is it's kind of funny to say this as a
librarian and an archivist but the metadata is pretty poor and that really stops us from being
able to harvest a lot and kind of create out a mega catalog of a lot of repositories it's done
you can do it but the metadata is pretty basic because and why is that because everybody who
collects wants to kind of do their own metadata so some of it's standardized and some of it's not so
I'm always preaching about metadata standards is Technical and it's back back room as that sounds
it's kind of thing that allows us to to share and to know what it is we're sharing so maybe
I'll stop there I've been involved a lot of the building the technical building of repositories
right um please ask questions if you have them um online or in the room I'm curious
um Dean super not mentioned um predatory journals has anybody had experience with being approached
by a publisher and a published and you didn't think or you'd have heard in the publisher and
have you had any experience like that you have to tell us about it um it was a long time ago
in undergrad and I just haven't actually no it was my Master's thesis in South Carolina
and I was really proud of it but I got this offer like this is going to be do you want
to publish a book it's going to be like explosive and it just seemed way too good to be true and um
so you never got to the point where they started asking for money yeah
once you start publishing or you're doing research you will get these kinds of requests
and sometimes they look they look normal they look I think they'll show an editorial board
you think oh what's reputable and what you don't know if the if the board is really there I mean
it's one of the challenges that's one of the things I wanted to ask the panel about just is the
you know it's any system is gonna have its drawbacks and its weaknesses so with you
know regular Journal publishing there's still a system can be abused so there's a lot of work
I think left to be done in terms of with Open Access publishing just regulating the system
better but I'm curious to folks on the panel have thoughts about just about the predatory
journals or the the journals that I mean I think this was mentioned earlier about Amgen
I know some of the pharmaceutical companies have like started their own journals to Greece release
their own research that is biased towards what they're doing so the system can be can be abused
help if you do does that come up in your your work
um well I think you know that's one of the reasons I mentioned the
director people open access journals because they do such thorough Banning
um here in the library we had a lot of comments in their embedding process
um and like I said it can take months for a new Open Access journal and Steve listed there um
precisely because there's so much checking in the background before it gets listed in there so um
I would encourage everyone to use that site um if you have questions about a journal you can always
ask us to in a library and we'll be happy to learn to look at some of those things too and you know
that's one of the criteria that we use for our suspension fund as well where helping to fund Open
Access articles leader check one of the checks is directly to open access Terminals and then
we we check other memberships as well there's a um open access to start early Publishers Association
um there's a um association called hope which um which is about publishing ethics
so it's a good sign when journals are members of these groups so we look at things like that
um but yeah I I would definitely look to see if they are listed in indexes like the unaj and other
demographic indexes um but yeah that so this is a big problem with the APC model pay uh anyone
can set up a journal and start charging people and no peer review happens so that's a big issue
um so yeah I mean you always have the free route to open access too as well if uh a lot
of times the co-author or a pi or someone will say we really need to publish in this journal
and maybe it's a paywall journal subscription not only but typically you'll have an option
to share that accepted manuscript somewhere particularly if you're at an institution with
an open access policy so um when you move on to another institution and that's something that you
should check that you may be able to have a way to share your work regardless of what you push
foreign
it's not a question it's just a comment be thankful to oer resources in general
I have a question please
I have a question
uh yeah thank you so much first of all for this uh awesome session and it's very informative
um my question is regarding the directory of Open Access Journal um actually I tried
to look it up and see my field which is a school of education instructional design
and technology and I was surprised to see only four journals that are open access in my field
actually I'm more familiar with the ones that are not open access in my feed which are Tech Trends
and Jade but when I look it up I'm not really sure what is the best way how to search for it is it by
the title subject keyword or the publisher or country or language I only got four journals uh
three of which are in English and the other one is another in another foreign language and I was just
surprised and to see this limited number of um the Open Access journals in my field thank you so much
so you want to tackle that one um so so the question is about lack of Open Access journals
in your field is that yeah um yeah I mean one of the things that doij does have is that it
does have a subject search so you can search by subject there um but yeah that is an issue um
and it's one of the reasons that we pass the open access policy here um the reason being that we
knew some disciplines didn't have many Open Access terminals um in some disciplines you might have
open access journals but um you might not like them or you might not want to publish in them
um you also might be in a discipline where the Publishers have no sharing policy at all so in
the process of working on this policy we talked to faculty in a lot of different disciplines
and I remember talking to one in mechanical engineering he said here's one Journal that I like
to publish in and I looked it up and sure enough there was no sharing whatsoever they don't accept
preprints you can't share the accepted version the published version is behind a paywall and
um you know when you sign that copyright transfer agreement you literally are transferring ownership
to a publisher of that work and whatever rights publisher wants to give back it's it's just up
to them most Publishers do give some rights back in terms of sharing an accepted version or being
able to share a preprint but some don't and this journal did not so um you know that article would
be behind paywall for decades and decades without this policy and so this policy uses
U.S copyright law to share a non-exclusive license with the term with the University
prior to that copyright transfer agreement and it survives that copyright transfer agreement
so now this faculty member can share the accepted version of his articles
under the open access policy whereas before he had zero sharing options
so um so yeah just look at all the options um and the free ones are the
frequently overlooked everyone focuses on the Open Access journals many of them have
charge big fees and we know that they scale with prestige so if you're publishing with nature
you might be paying an APC up to ten thousand dollars it's getting crazy it's really crazy
so I just don't forget about the free options don't forget about preparing don't forget about
institutional policies where you can share your accepted versions so yeah in some Fields the
there you are going to be a lack of Open Access journals so um yeah we're aware that's an issue
so be cautious with free printing um putting your um article up before you send it to a journal
um because some terms will call that a power publication and they won't accept it so just
be cautious with that so what I was going to say about the open education materials
um it's pretty fantastic you can find syllabuses and all kinds of um lesson plans and videos and
presentations and Powerpoints and things like that it's just really awesome um if
you're teaching a class you can go down many many rabbit holes for a really long periods of time
um and then I've just recently been um made more aware that um uh sometimes what a professor will
do is to download an article or a paper or a book and put it on the canvas site um but that sort of
takes it away from each individual student downloading that and some of the metrics for
promotion and tenure and things like that are a number of downloads and also for some journals
they get there's more money if more people download it and so if you are teaching the class
rather than getting the article and putting it on the canvas site put the link so that everyone
has to link to it and download it so that's uh actually just a way to credit the author I think
um I would add that in the social science the human the humanities and the social sciences
between humanistic social sciences that where book publishing is the kind of a point of the
realm that open access is has slowly been coming to um that area of publishing and
there's actually an initiative that Virginia Tech is part of called tone which is toward an open
monograph ecosystem and that's been a five-year pilot to test um Open Access with books and
um I've just been looking at the data for the the through that it started five years ago published
through with the suspensions that made it possible for 130 some books to be published open access
and I've been collecting the data on the first 25 books that were published including two
from Virginia Tech faculty actually and the the statistics are amazing the usage um a book that
would be you know a narrow book of historical scholarship on a small part of the world that
would have been printed maybe 200 300 copies sold um the number of downloads well over 2 000
on average for these books and you can we can see where they're being downloaded they're downloaded
across the world it's uh 30 30 plus uh countries and institutions downloading those so the just
the usage I think has more and more authors in the social sciences because it's been it started
really open access started in stem fields and I think the humanists and social scientists have
been slower to the game on this they didn't really have to but the more the author's historians and
literature Scholars and and political scientists sociologists the more they see the results when
they publish an article they see how much uptake they get um they become much more interested
in Open Access so I do think it's a kind of a developing um area and I do also think that this
new policy the ostp policy is going to have a huge impact because not even though a lot of
that research is not federally funded if the old landscape is moving toward open it's the watchword
is going to be open and more the pressure is going to be on Publishers to find ways to make that
research open so I think the in the trajectory is definitely going into right in the right direction
so um and the library has an awesome amount of books I don't know that they're all open
access but you can gain access to as a uh on the VT Library some like you can't if you if
you're looking for a book check the library first because they have some amazing stuff there yeah a
lot of times you you might you could see where that there's maybe a print edition but if you
look further you can see there's a there's a um an e-book and sometimes that ebook is is spoken
um so we're getting better and better at making that research available
um okay good
please go ahead mama
oh thank you
uh policy and I can't help but wonder why aren't more institutions go in
and Implement such policies if it's going to help with just the widespreading of knowledge
and I uh I can help us also recognize a teacher pronounce uh mention that we need to be a little
bit more uh like diligent when it comes to publishing open journals before giving it to
a journal to be published in case that they are not accepting anything that's been pre-published
so um where should we be looking uh for example like if I am right now working on a journal
publication and I want to like have a open access to start with this version attack but
then I'm not sure about what the journal policy is where should I be looking exactly for the
kind of policies that govern the pre-published parts and yeah that's kind of like my question
more and more institutions uh and actually such policies to have more uh open access information
out there so you so if you probably know Eddie Harvard was the first to have a university-wide
policy and there are a lot of universities now that happen when you have any sense of
the numbers I don't have a good sense of the numbers I suspect it's getting close to 100
at least in North America US and Canada um but I think one of the issues is that most universities
um allow authors to keep their copyright For Worse that they create
um but to get published in a journal you have to transfer that copyright
and so one of the issues has been um you know finding a way to legally have the right to share
the successive group and so under U.S copyright law back in 2008 Harvard found this part of U.S
copyright law that we could use which is sharing a non-exclusive license with the university and so
um the policies are relatively recent in assets uh not much more than 10 years old um and it takes
work um you've got to have a core group of people getting together you know our policies started
way back in early 2017. and it's passed since 2021 so it takes a lot of Outreach talking to
commissions committees faculty Senate all these groups making sure that they know what this means
um so I think that's why more institutions don't have one um we're the only one in Virginia by the
way um only institution in Virginia to have policy so um yeah I think it takes some work
um but more and more are passing policies every year so it's getting better in that sense
I could just say I came here in 2016 and Philip was talking about getting this policy passed and
as you said it was what last year so he's been just working I mean it takes just sometimes
just stick intuitiveness and that's what Philip definitely has
in terms of your question about um depositing a preprint I guess um I would uh check with the
journal that you were thinking of submitting it to um and uh you know what I find is that the more
medical journals tend to be a lot more restrictive than anything else so cell for example has like a
ridiculously crazy thing and they will sometimes throw a paper back if they if they think it's too
close to the thesis that's been deposited in in the repository and so um but uh but
most journals aren't that restrictive um but uh um I think r5x and things like that are fairly
uh they come up in in some of those scans um and so I'd be very careful to um to put something
before you submit it to the journal I'd be very careful about putting it in a public Repository
um so people use it uh I think all professors use it a lot more than anyone else because they're
they're not that bothered by um by Publications but yeah there's a resource called Sherpa Romeo
that's a good place to go to find policies just the policies for journals so that's a another
place to look um because it'll kind of give you sort of No Nonsense here the here's what each
Journal allows or doesn't allow all right we're in eight eight oh five so thank everybody for
um for being patient this um this evening and and joining us I just wanted to say uh
a few words of thanks to uh Jay Profit who's our I.T extraordinaire Ally Craig
it's been working behind the scenes here um Anita Walsh who's on online
yeah she's on sabbatical bunches but she's still working away and Nitra East B who was
also involved one of my colleagues in um developing this so um we really appreciate
you being here and please reach out to us if you have questions we have copies of of the uh
book called I think it's called opening knowledge that's a kind of a primer for
um doing anything open access here at Virginia Tech so please feel free to take one and it's also
available online for those of you who are online thanks again have a good rest of the semester