Well, I think we'll we'll go ahead and get
started. I am the associating for research and dramatic
here in university libraries. I'd like to first of
all, welcome you all and thank you all for
coming to the sixth physical Scholarship Initiative event. Um
, and I'd like to thank Dr Tom Ewing associating
for graduate studies and research in the College of Liberal
Arts. Yeah, Dr Anthony Caro. The department
doesn't know for joining us today. Um, the
Physical Scholarship Initiative is a collaboration between university libraries and
the College of Liberal Arts and Science. We are
absolutely thrilled to showcase the exceptional scholarship of their faculty
through this partnership plan to continue well into the insurance
, which is discussed earlier. Um, we see
this as a great way to promote, to acknowledge
the creative achievement of our faculty and also to engage
the Virginia Tech community as a whole in meaningful conversations
about the research and scholarship of faculty in liberal arts
. Fine. Uh huh. We would like to
welcome you again and occurred you to enjoy the refreshments
and to enjoy the presentation. Mom. Thank you
. Thank you very much for coming. It's always
, uh, interesting and challenging to figure out what
is going to say. I have the right to
number six. Um, but I I want to
echo those thanks in terms of thinking less and loyal
for organizing and spirit all librarians, not only for
spending but also coming. And that's a good audience
. Masters should thank Deborah stop my, uh,
companion associate game because she compiles the monthly news to
note from which I get the list of faculty to
publish books or articles or other things. So I
hope she keeps doing that. I also want to
thank Anthony who I think Saturday record for the shortest
time between being invited to participate and provided all of
his information. I think it was less than a
day, so that was a great comfort to me
. Sometimes I have to work a little harder attacking
there. Uh, there was good timing on this
because, as you can see, that this this
, um, displays highlighting, uh, not a
book that scholars published. But a series of articles
are a number of articles. Um, and this
was something I really wanted to do. And unfortunately
for us all, Anthony published five articles in about
one month period. One month? Uh, so
that means that really easy. But let's still is
really highlight articles as a scholarly product in the little
extra human sciences. We've been doing books of once
or another. Most of this too much of a
series of musical compositions. But I really wanted a
chance to talk about articles. I could go back
and look at our annual report. Last year,
faculty in the House or Little Human Sciences published 285
Journal articles, including at least 15 by faculty and
Department of Sociology, so that gives you a little
bit of a sense scale in comparison. Um,
there's obviously good time, because last week we had
an information session with three editors who are on campus
. UH, David Runciman, who's here? Who's
the co editor for Societies Without Borders? Uh,
Fred Pearson, who edits the Journal of Marital Family
Therapy. And you know, Watson, who edits
Minnesota Review. And so they all talked about kind
of a process getting published and also the process of
editing McDonnell. So there's a really good chance to
kind of get a reminder that's how important how important
articles are as research products. Um, and I
was especially striking that conversation by a term they all
used of double blind peer review, Um, which
I think is really important. It's really kind of
seen as the gold standard for professional assessment peer review
meaning that article. The manuscripts are reviewed by peers
by scholars in the field, people who have the
scholarly qualifications, um, to assess the quality of
the contribution and double blind in the sense that neither
the author, the author does not know who the
reviewers are. The reviewers do not do not know
who the author is. Um, and so this
is what makes the double blind purity is so important
in terms of scholar, they measured scholarly achievement.
Um, the other thing, everything like about articles
is they are They should be, anyway, uh
, evaluated on their merits. You know, this
is some place where the market accost the appeal,
the popularity. All of those things shouldn't be that
important. It's really about the quality of the product
and the quality of the contribution. I think one
of the things that's striking when you publish an article
is you get the journal back, and it often
seems too short relative to the amount of time and
energy that you invested in this article book sometimes feel
the same way also. But I think particularly the
case of articles, because what the final product is
so much the distillation. Not only are the writing
process and the revising revising process, but all of
the research that went into that, um, libraries
are depositories for journalists, whether physically in the form
of bound volumes or electronically through eyes issues to the
general version. Um And so I think what we
see here is the conclusion of this, um,
cycle of research at the library provides the resources that
the faculty used to write their scholarship. And then
ultimately, as in the case of books, journals
end up back in the library and yeah, for
others, there's a lot of discussion, obviously,
about the future of the monograph. Um, somewhat
bleak future. I think particles maybe have a brighter
future. There's less of an investment in terms of
the publication costs of the market and so on.
But one of the points that the editors all three
of them last week, um, was that articles
as a former scholarship, very much depend on reviewers
being willing you manuscript, So I would I would
echo their recommendation. Faculties are about to volunteer to
be reviewers and served that purpose. Uh, I'll
just follow up on what Julie said earlier. Um
, would you plan to continue for next year with
the physical scholarship initiative highlighting scholarship by faculty at the
College of Sciences? I see this as in some
ways, a three way partnership. The faculty has
to continue being productive, and I have no doubt
that they will, in terms of publishing books and
articles and other kinds of scholars products. I'm happy
to do my job, which is to identify those
scholars and invite them to participate. And I hope
the library will continue not only to be a good
host for these celebrations, but also to keep up
. The collections are really vital, uh, to
our research across the process. So thank you very
much and I'll turn it over to mhm. Mhm
. Um, well, thank you to Tom Ewing
into Leslie Moyo and to the library and the College
of Liberal Arts. I still get to keep I
want to say Klaus still, but it's college of
liberal Arts. Human science. There you go.
Arts and sciences. Um, there's a handout to
if there's anything that if anyone who didn't get,
um what I'm gonna be talking about today is just
in general when my, um, research is about
, um And what is it that my different articles
are trying to get at in terms of, um
, my research agenda. But what I consider a
very serious social problem in our society. Um,
one of the things that, um, I also
try to do in terms of my own researchers try
to understand that simply about thinking about schools as a
site of learning but also as a site of socialization
, right? And how, you know, these
are all, uh, institutions that we all go
through here. And as as citizens of the United
States, um, So what I at the beginning
of this and that's I didn't number it. I
didn't realize I didn't number it, But at the
beginning of this, I have to give you a
list of how things are today. And what is
it that I do and broadly speaking, what I
talk about in terms of youth violence and in schools
and education. Um, currently, as black,
black, African American Latino males enter elementary school,
they are more likely to be murdered incarcerated than in
a university degree. Um, one in six students
report being a victim of violence two or three times
a month or more while at school. Um,
and of course, these things vary across different,
um, context is, uh, one in 10
students report they have avoided school because they fear of
attack. And these are all recent statistics released by
the National Center for Educational Statistics. Um, I
think this was the 2011, um, school violence
indicator. Um, one in seven students report that
someone at school used hate related words against them and
more than one third report seeing hate related graffiti at
School of LGBTQ Youth, about half report being physically
harassed because of their sexuality and gender expression. And
over 75% of girls report that teachers and school employees
sexually harassed students as well as report being sexually harassed
at school. So when I see that and this
is what's driving my research agenda, Um, how
we think about violence means a lot of different things
, and I know what particular context here in terms
of, um, rampage, shootings and especially the
history here at Virginia Tech, that is, I
think, the most prominent form of, uh,
of violence that occurs within a school. But when
I when I do my research agenda, Um,
when I think of violence, it's almost anything that
has to be related to marginalization, right? So
we're not only talking about the victimization or the interpersonal
violence we're talking about racism, discrimination, um,
bullying all these types of interactions that are that not
only occurred among students, but also between amongst teachers
, uh, teachers with administrators, students with teachers
, and so on and so forth and even,
um, the situations where, um, parents have
aggressive behaviours towards teachers and other administrators at the school
. So So when I talk about violence, those
are the things that I'm talking about. And especially
with the growing attention on the growing focus on the
school to prison pipeline, um, there's been a
significant amount of looking at how school security and school
discipline practices, um, have been putting especially racial
ethnic minority males towards a trajectory towards prison. I
think of what the the school to prison pipeline um
, in a broader sense in terms of how is
it that and that's what the other information is on
there about, um, in terms of the quality
of education that they're getting, Are they being,
um, pushed into dropping out of school? Are
certain students getting, um, less resources in terms
of, you know, extracurricular activities? Are they
afforded the same opportunities to succeed when it comes to
college advisement, All these things. So when I
think about violence, I'm thinking about how is it
that particular mechanisms occurring within the school is putting,
um, different segments of the population towards educational not
only educational failure, but in oftentimes, um,
towards a path of criminality and oftentimes incarceration and poor
mental health and all these other things that have become
a serious problem in our society. So So when
it comes to what I do in terms of my
own research, I focus primarily on, um,
high school, middle school and high schools. And
what are their experiences? Um, within school.
But not only was going to come to the victimization
, but whether likelihood of being disciplined, um,
what is their likelihood of, um, being,
uh suggested that dropout dropping out of school is a
good thing for them as opposed to going out for
college. So again, all these things are things
that I look at, um, in terms of
I know predominantly most of my research or what I've
been acknowledged as my research focus on is on bullying
. But I also look at broader spectrums of what
is violence. Of course, I look at bullying
, and that's one of the things I'm gonna talk
about or going to give one of the things that
are, I guess, technically, a service of
the things that I do in terms of my own
research and have mhm I like to think of as
try to have a broader impact. In any case
, um, So anyway, so there's research that
I've been looking at and again here and why this
is important, especially when we think about racial ethnic
minorities. I mean, if I'm sure all of
you have heard, uh, the statistics talking about
within the next 20 years, we're gonna have a
dramatic demographic shift that we're gonna have the first time
in US history. The majority of the youth population
specifically is going to be racial ethnic minorities. Um
, And when we think about the inequality and the
racial inequality, specifically when we're thinking about this youth
population within schools, we're talking about a real serious
problem when it comes to our own future, meaning
the United States, if we continue this racial and
ethnic inequality and representing the educational system, especially when
it comes to dropping out of high school. So
in other words, um, if we continue down
this path, we're gonna be producing, um,
schools are gonna be producing or let's say, facilitating
and inequality that's going to contribute to our society's downfall
. Whether we're not gonna have skilled laborers, we're
not gonna have skilled teachers. We're not gonna have
, um, people that are competitive in the global
market. And so this is the broader aspects.
So it's not only just looking at the individual level
or how, uh, these mechanisms putting certain people
towards a path of failure, but also how this
institution is also contributing to our success or potentially our
downfall, especially when you start considering. As it's
listed here, one in 10 schools are considered dropout
factories. We can have a real if you have
questions of what that means in terms of what is
a dropout factory. There's a lot of debate about
that, but nevertheless, this is a schools that
, um facilitate. And what dropping out even means
there's a lot of research that talks about that.
But nevertheless, um, this is a serious educational
problem, but I think in my mind a broader
social problem that we have to be, um,
thinking about in our society. Um, now,
on the other, the flip side of that,
um, these are just some of the articles,
Um, just give you an idea. I'm not
gonna go through all of them, um, in
terms of what is it that I do? Um
, and I'll just give you a general idea.
And what again, What my colleagues and I do
when it comes to our research, Um, we
think about, um how is it that particular segments
are marginalized in the different mechanisms that lead them down
the path of failure? Right. And there's plenty
of research that talks about how if you're a victim
of violence within school, that's going to contribute to
your educational failure. But the same thing with discipline
, the same thing with marginalisation from your teachers,
um, and so on and so forth. I
mean, one of the things that we're also trying
to work on his house at that school security and
the securitization that's part have become normative for this next
generation. How is that? I mean, we
just assume we're providing a safe environment. Um,
but at what cost, Right. And what is
it that and a lot of our colleagues talk about
this How? Um, school security maybe, um
, have the unintended consequences of contributing to educational failure
. Right. So one of the things that we
talk about is, Well, um, and some
of these findings also suggest this that this over surveillance
and this hyper surveillance, especially of Latino and black
African American males, um, puts them down this
path of criminality and being extra focus on the criminal
justice system. Um, and one of the things
that my colleague who's here Rachelle Brune. Doctor Brune
. Um, I was in awe. She invited
me to give a little talk at I know it's
a middle school. I think it's Christian Berg Middle
School and one of the first schools. And when
New York native, um, our high school was
located in Queens, Jamaica, And we were one
of the first schools to have, um, not
only metal detectors, but also drug sniffing dogs.
And this is in New York City drug sniffing dogs
to random searches to all these things that, you
know, it seems like you're going. And this
is a long time ago if I got my PhD
right, and and then, you know, I
you know, I got my my getting my degree
at University of Miami. I did a lot of
work with schools down there. And also you enter
school. I mean, it's like you're going into
this high security, and I understand. You know
, you have, you know, you've got your
two s r o. Is your school resource officers
who are who are police officers? Um, you
got to have, you know, your background check
. You gotta go check in. You gotta get
just temporary fake I d. With your little picture
on there. Um, depending if you're gonna be
there for longer than a day, they gotta run
a background check on you, see if you're any
so on and so forth. So here I go
. So this is this is this is the context
, you know, I just came, you know
, And I was working at my prior institution that
was in the Cincinnati area. It's the same thing
. I mean, if you're going in into a
school, I mean, we're going into schools.
Words, you. It's not just in the prison
. An image of a prison is simplifying it,
right? You know, the controlled access, but
it's just this over surveillance. So I go in
. I just walked in. I walked in,
um, and and and, you know, it's
just like, Oh, your doctor is like,
Yeah, I'm getting reaching for my wallet to show
my I d. Oh, you have to go
to a room So and so So I'm standing there
waiting for my escort. It's like no, like
, what are you waiting for? So go on
ahead, so I'm going on ahead. It's a
beautiful brand new building. It's all glass, Um
, super clean. Um, I could see the
mountains over through the through the glass, and I'm
reminded of what it is that I'm doing right,
that there are, um, different experiences, to
say the least when it comes to their different students
educational experiences. But also, what is the sub
context, right? What is the socialization that's going
on here? Right when you have one of Okay
, I gotta go to class, and then we
go through a metal detector and get patted down as
opposed to, you know, nice broad hallways.
No sick. I don't even think I didn't even
have an S r o. I never I don't
I don't even see. Okay, So, as
opposed to, you know, going by and,
you know, in in and where, um,
it was funny, because the last time I went
, we had a criminology conference back in in March
, and it was in New York. So it
has a lot of childhood friends. And he said
So why do you do what do you do as
well? I went to Hillcrest, and that was
the high school. And again, it was unfortunate
. I wish I could say, um, I
wasn't the exception, but I was definitely exception to
the rule. Especially when Hill Chris is classified as
a dropout factory. Um, which, by the
way, they drop out it. Um, So
again, when we think about these things, this
is the overall and what our research. What we
try to look at is looking at a youth violence
and looking at how this contributes to racial ethnic inequality
, um, as well as when we think about
gender inequality and, of course, the growing population
of racial ethnic minorities, the United States being driven
significantly by, uh, the immigration trend and thinking
about how the Children of immigrants and what is it
that they're learning within these schools? Um, so
even when we think about, um and there's a
couple, uh, we'll do research and we have
a couple of published a couple of things on this
with the current immigration policy or lack thereof. Um
, how is it that we think about treating the
Children of immigrants, especially with parents who are being
deported? Um, And what are the impacts upon
us citizens in terms of their educational well being in
their success and their trajectories? Right. Um,
one of the projects that were walking around back in
Cincinnati Um, it was with it was Butler County
sheriff. So what? There was this rate of
catch, uh, chicken company. I think it
was called and they arrested 100 people. 80 virtual
mail, all of them were fathers. Um,
all of them had Children that were U S citizens
born here in the United States. Um, and
it still makes me laugh. Not to laugh,
like, but it's just insanity. Um, and
the kids were visiting their parents, right? Visit
their dad. You know, they're they're wanted to
see their that in prison and all this stuff.
But at the same time, since they were missing
school, they were kicked out for disciplinary sanctions for
missing school. So the funny not the funny,
but the kind of So here I am talking to
, um, the representatives from from from the juvenile
justice system in in Butler County explain. Well,
there's been this spike in this particular march of,
you know, Latino kids being suspended and getting kicked
out like what happened? Well, there was this
raid, and you're arresting their parents, so they
want to keep the family unit together. So they're
trying to visit the parents, try to the kids
often time putting the situation. A translator, trying
to negotiate with the lawyer so they can figure out
if they can stay on that so on and so
forth. Um, needless to say, they were
not open to that explanation. Um, it was
just, you know, bad kids, deviant kids
who are born Latino kids were born to towards criminality
just and literally one of them. Just see what
happens. Um, can't you see what's going on
in Mexico when 80% of those kids were Honduran?
Um, in any case, so those are just
general ideas of what it is that we're trying to
do, Um, in terms of our research and
trying to understand what are the implications? That's why
these things happening, Um, possible interventions and so
on and so forth. Now, one of the
things that I try to do is not to be
all doom and gloom. Mhm. So about two
years ago. And that's one of the things I'm
gonna be talking about. Um, mhm. Try
to leave it on a upward known and prefer much
better questions than answers. Is that coming on?
13. I could make, um, about two
years. 2.5 years ago, three years ago.
Um, I was quite fortunate to have, um
, the cartoon network contact me. Um, I
think primarily more so for my work on looking at
the marginalization of Children, immigrants and the role immigration
plays in terms of educational equality as well as the
, uh, the violence that Children in because the
door not only in terms of victimization of beer but
also being pushed out of school um, the changing
policies And depending on where you are in terms of
, um, even though you're a citizen, the
paperwork or all this in different states. So they
contacted me. If they want me to be a
part of this now, this is Yeah. Again
. This is one of the things that I appreciate
with this, and I appreciate with Leslie Will,
Yo and Tom. Bringing you know, as an
academic and especially as a junior scholar will be the
first to say it seems like I'm just writing publications
just for other scholars. Um, and then I
get a bunch of other to review for other scholars
so they can get published. Um, so,
needless to say, there's plenty of times like,
you know, you have this idea, What is
it that your research is going to be doing?
And then at the end of the day, um
, you can get easily discouraged thinking about just to
get tenure, Um, but I feel again I
feel incredibly privileged and fortunate to be part of the
Cartoon Network's effort with bullying. And they had invited
me. And there's been a whole bunch of us
that there's an advisory board of seven or eight.
I'll show that in a second, um, of
us and this is in its range from having a
website which we have now, Um, there's video
clips having campaigns. Part of that is getting That
was not me, by the way, getting Obama
to speak. That was the Cartoon Network CEO.
Um, all these things are part of what,
uh, I've done in terms of, in reflection
to my own research. And I've had the privilege
to contribute to in terms of looking over scripts,
good campaigns, there's resources and all these things,
and I'm probably gonna show. But then I won't
have the mic. Is that right? Because I
don't think the cable's gonna go all the way.
Should I move the podium or just do it from
here? I'll move the podium. Let's move.
All right, so So the different things that we
have come up with and again, which I,
which has been, Um, one of the major
criticism when it comes to coming up with policies,
especially China, is how is that we get information
out to parents, educators and all these things.
Um, and what we have done here is come
up with a multi platform, um, way of
addressing not only used to go to a cartoon network
, um, in terms of this website, but
also there there's this part of their, um we
have looked over a bunch of their scripts within shows
to to say, like, How is that?
This will become a part of a plot or an
out of our special show or whatever. So we've
done that to not only this Internet site, but
also they. One of the things that just came
up about a month ago is a video which I'm
not going to have access to. Uh, let's
do this. Connect should be connected. Just I'm
not gonna play the video, but I mean,
it's I could talk for hours upon hours, the
hurdles, the barriers, the unexpected, um,
challenges that came up in terms of the Cartoon Network
and working with their cartoonists and with their executives,
um, in terms of trying to This is not
working. It's not working. Reload. Let's go
back. Show video. Um, when it comes
to how What? What does the ad look like
? What is it? What is appropriate information or
not? Um, having it. One of the
things that I've always been concerned about with working,
um, in the public sector is is it being
driven by, um, scholarly research or just perspective
in an opinion? But the Cartoon Network as well
as CNN, um, have been very open to
us and very, um uh, considering in terms
of okay, I just want to be difficult.
Yeah. Okay. All right. So the thing
that just came up as of late, okay?
I mean, I do that now is a video
. Um, I know you're not gonna be able
to listen to it, but one of the things
that, um because I'm not gonna worry about it
too much, because it will be fine. One
of the things that, um, even simple things
like how to have subtitles in different languages. That
was something that, um how diversity in terms of
at the initial stages of this, um, and
I think images matter in terms of the diversity of
the type of people who are being bullied, right
, and the type of victims. And how is
there these things happening? Um, and important.
Most important. And we all talked about this as
well as to have, um, Children's voices as
a part of this campaign. Right? So,
again, this is just one of the many things
I mean, we've offered when we come to,
we offer things in terms through this website. Um
, all the materials are offered in Spanish and in
Farsi. Um, I mean, again, this
was part this was a long road. And again
, I very appreciative to, um, to the
Cartoon Network as well as CNN and the Turner Network
. Just to be open to a lot of this
in, um and I can certainly appreciate, I
think one of the things that hopefully they won't take
too much offense to is the LGBTQ population, Which
is I can appreciate again as being, um,
a potentially controversial topic to hit. But nevertheless,
these are things that they're very open to discussing.
Um, and again, there's there's ways of.
We provide stuff for, um, Teacher's to administrator's
, um, again part of this. This advisory
team that we have that has been combined, uh
, compiled clearly thought about these different aspects. So
again, I thought it was very thankful for them
and open to telling us now. I wanted to
get to the A parent guide. So I mean
, even from the parents guide. And what is
it the parents can do? Because first, it
was just for youth. Um, but, I
mean, this is all four teachers, administrators,
And again, these are things that, um,
we tried to do in terms of, um how
do we think about this opportunity? In terms of
not only with the Cartoon Network and with CNN and
the specials they've been provided cause it's the same.
I'm CEOs. Um, but how is it that
we can most broadly try to, um and this
is their challenge? Our whole point was like,
we want to get good information out and effective information
. And there's was what we still want to keep
our audience, who are 10, 11, 12
year olds. Right. So, um, again
, you know, this is this is what gives
me hope, lack of a better word in terms
of how, um people are aware of the problem
and thinking about it, Um, and what?
What these things mean in terms of the implications of
violence and all these things. So again. So
here's a little shout out to Virginia Tech. So
it says the Virginia Tech and the Center for Peace
Studies and Violence Prevention. Um, the other thing
I want to bring up Ron's A lobby has been
great. Um, I forget where he's at.
He's at Harvard, apparently when I go in and
talk about intimidation, um, he he worked on
Sesame Street and he was a consultant and advisor for
Sesame Street when it came out. So here's this
guy and I was like, Oh, that was
a little intimidating But anyway, so again, these
are things that we're continuing to work on. The
next stage where we're this is like every other week
they're sending us scripts and this kind of stuff,
um, thinking about how should we plan the platform
? How should we think about images? Um,
it's just funny, because I remember seeing this and
the representation. Who's the bully? It was amazing
to me again. Well, I was very I
was hopeful because they were open to scholars and images
of who is the bully Male, Female? What
color? What we race and ethnicity are they and
all these things came out and even some even suggested
thought that being a good, uh, a good
way to address bullying and this is one of the
cartoonists was to have was to shove and push back
in these kinds of things. So it was a
long process of trying to address these things. Um
, but in any case, um, I encourage
you to look at the site since there's a lot
of blood, sweat and tears that went into this
, um, and only for myself and the advisors
. But, um, I do think it's an
effective way of trying to reach a broader audience.
Um, in terms of, um, not only
thinking about bullying in the violence that occurs within a
school just for youth, but also think about the
parents, the community, um, teachers, administrators
, and so on and so forth. So generally
, I mean, that's what you know, I
just wanted a what my research looks at and again
, it keeps me hopeful that, you know,
you have, um, people are still very interested
in still very think of this as a important issue
in this porn social problem to address. So I
think the Cartoon Network and CNN for that. But
I also think, uh, the college and the
library for give me the opportunity to share some of
my research with with you and so Yeah, so
thank you. Mhm. I don't know if there's
questions is a question of money. Okay. Sure
. Yeah. Dave Network involved. Yeah. Yeah
, we even have, um, we have theirs
as part of one of the things that I've done
is is I'm a grant review for the C D
. C. For and when it comes to use
violence. And one of the things that's a mission
for them is all the grants are a lot of
initiatives has to deal with. Where's the youth voice
? Right. So a lot of us who have
served on that panel we wanted to have youth voice
on there. I think the Cartoon Network was also
very open to that. So we have We've done
like like focus groups. I think for them,
um, it was if I was to quantify it
, um, lean more towards this information entertaining enough
for them to. Is it engaging enough for them
, which I can totally understand? I mean,
you don't want to come up with this campaign and
then nobody watches it because you're trying to. But
again, I think where it worked out best is
not necessarily. We have this 30 minute documentary,
but what works best is intervening, intertwining, um
, this topic into into the plot narratives of their
shows. And that's worked out best. And I
think that's what's been received. And that came from
specifically the youth groups. Um, I mean,
I never thought nobody thought about doing that in terms
of having this part of the narrative and within the
plot something the kids, it's like, you know
? And it was so yeah, so in that
sense, yes, we do have that. So
that was That was a significant part of this.
Yes, Keith. Fine. Yeah, then under
Mhm. All right, well, right. Um
, it's a yes and no, and it's a
complicated and it's a complicated question because of what ends
up being and again one of the things that's fascinating
to me and especially part of this panel, but
also being part of, um, now, that
I'm on. Like, now that I'm serving on
an interview, I'm serving on a one particular interdisciplinary
crime journalist. The editorials, the editorial board that
services a lot of disciplines. Um, they people
define bullying so differently. And not only that,
and that's part of this complexity, right? Um
, and there's different types of bullying from, um
, not only just the typical standard Bush pushing and
shoving, but also this relational aggression when it comes
to social isolation to cyberbullying. Um now, which
occurs more in particular concept, as the study suggests
, that different contexts have different types of bullying,
right? And not only that, but what I
also find interesting is how is it that people respond
? So, in other words, what to answer
? Generally speaking, it's the physical attacks or physical
violence is more likely occur. Urban. The social
isolation, um, defamation, harassment, sexual harassment
is more likely occurred. Suburban schools. What ends
up happening is, um, the physical violence that
happens in urban areas More likely leads to social marginalisation
via, um, disciplinary sanctions dropping out so on
and so forth at the suburban schools, it's depression
, emotional depression, attempted suicide. I mean,
the effects are different and the responses are different.
Um, and one of the things that again,
what I appreciate with this particular platform is addressing administrators
. And how is it that they should be thinking
about bullying? How is it that they should be
even even confront their own definitions? And that's a
challenge of itself going across? Because I've spoken,
two different administrators are. And it's funny because I
spoke to different administrators. Rarely do I speak to
youth, and that's what came up with with Rachelle
. Um, they have to confront like, Well
, this is part of my narrative. This I
wasn't really bullied. I mean, I went out
and we pushed the shelf, and that's just how
we got along, right, um, and trying
to overcome that in terms of their own background,
their own history, their own cultural definition, um
, and how that has changed, but also one
of the things that also as a challenge. And
again, this happens a lot differently, and this
is the type of type of bullying amongst. There's
more research that talks about the bullying that happens amongst
faculty happens more often in suburban areas because probably because
of population teacher turnover and all these other things.
It's not like you can create a history and you
know all these other things. But the the idea
of sexual harassment, um, racial, ethnic harassment
. Um, particularly what a lot of research talks
about is in terms of sexual orientation and gender preferences
. Type of, uh, it happens much more
so at suburban schools. There's emerging literature on that
. So again it comes back to what's going on
. What's the type of bullying? What's the drive
? Um, so on and so forth? I
mean, one of the things that, um,
a paper that we're working on or it just came
out. But it's a series of things where you're
breaking where we found out was racial. Ethnic minorities
are more likely to be victimized for being successful and
in education, participating in honorable, those kinds of
things in predominantly white suburban schools, as opposed to
in urban areas. So again, it comes back
to What are we talking about in terms of So
yeah, I know that kind of answers any question
, but it kind of doesn't, um so yeah
. Yes, you do Any research teachers bowling students
in the name now. Mhm. Right I mean
, what what again? That's a complicated what I
what my research has done and there's other people will
talk, I think, focus more on sexual harassment
, Um, amongst, um, teachers and the
students. But what a lot of my research done
is looking at. How is it that, um
, teachers are treating the Children of immigrants or sometimes
categorized of English language learners? Right? And that
research shows that teachers are more likely across any context
. Urban Suburban. Um, there's not that much
in rural. I haven't done that much in rural
. We haven't done that much. Enroll that view
these students in their mind, students and I have
colleagues have done the much more of a quantitative researcher
. I have colleagues that the quality of research and
there's a couple of papers on the review that do
mixed methods that viewed them as problems. Now again
, the broader context and that's where I come in
in terms of the pressures of no Child Left behind
, um, race to the top, um,
seeing the lack of structural mechanism that English language learners
are not given the excess the avenues towards success seeding
. So teachers are being evaluated on English language is
our success educational in the classroom, so they prefer
not to have them. So oftentimes another what ends
up happening anything that an English language learner does is
viewed as a disciplinary problem. So again, that's
what my research looks at and then more likely,
get transferred to another school or transfer or kicked out
or whatever. All those things, Yes, mhm
, probably later. Mhm. I was four.
Yeah, right in the second grade strap, right
? Mm. My other kids teacher made it except
, Well, it's I remember in third grade,
I'm not trying to I remember in third grade,
and at the time, you know, I guess
it was acceptable. You know, I was not
the most, um, obedient Children. Um,
and I remember frequent fences getting an Indian burn.
That's how she she phrased it as coming up to
the class and all this. Now. Now,
mind you, I think there's there's There's been some
situations where states sanctions and have been implemented in terms
of how teachers deal with their students. But on
the flip side, there are states like Texas,
where discipline is still corporal punishment is still open.
Um, so that's again That's a complicated course.
There's, uh, the research that my colleagues do
want to look at. Um, corporal punishment within
schools. It is seriously declining in, um,
public schools. But then on the rise in private
schools, that's what they're arguing, suggesting because the
type of surveillance and the type of over the type
of policies that are implemented private schools with these kinds
of regards are much different. What? Well,
yeah, I mean, and there's all kinds of
that when it comes to ridicule, not just,
and that's what I'm saying. Like, that's what
becomes part of like, That's the next level of
complication and trying to address this. I mean,
one of the things that we try to do here
is this whole bystander effect, and different people talk
about it differently. But what is the culture of
accepting this right? This is part of normal behavior
, right? One of the things that my colleagues
and I see another one of the things one of
the things that my colleagues I brought up was,
um, is, well, those. And then
this was in his own interviews. I'm much more
concerned about white kids having fights, and this is
what his language was, and this is coming out
. And I'm much more concerned about violence amongst whites
, kids, because violence among black and Latino kids
is much more normal. They go out to communities
. So pushing the show, it's not a big
deal to them. So again, that's a layer
of complexity. Um, that, you know,
that I see as what's coming next, right?
I mean, all the bullying stuff, all the
vine stuff is students with students. But how?
There's a context that this is occurring in This is
a culture this is occurring in. So again,
this is a part of What is that? Hopefully
we're going to try to get at. Yes,
Heather, Uh, I've been interviewing a lot of
creators, also doing a lot of focus on,
not focus completely like Are you seeing more and more
technology, more materials coming out? Yeah, especially
now focusing on. Absolutely. And I think it's
getting a lot more attention. I mean, I
think that's I mean, the first step is addressing
that this is a social problem, right? Yes
. Oh, very much so. Yes, very
much so. And then the other aspect to is
how is it that. And I think that's the
big unknown. How is it that cyberbullying? How
is this define? Who is this legislated by,
um, Whose jurisdiction is it? Um, and
and and again, that's where most school principals don't
care. Because as well, it's not happening on
school, Graham in their mind. So there's not
anything they need to be worried about, even though
the outcome of school cyberbullying ends up within the school
anyway, so and so said something about me on
Facebook, and they're they're having a real fight in
the hallway, right? So so, yeah.
So with from the administrative side, is there any
research going on the college to how administrative MM situation
is handling bullying here to here in these various rural
, suburban mhm. Play with me? Well,
I'm a criminologist and background. So one of the
terms that we use as a community school and in
community school addresses policies that start from, um,
not only at the school level and first, most
importantly, having a definition of what bullying is the
consequence. That's very explicit, but also the interventions
. Right. But what's that? What we have
found is, um, that has to be set
from the board. So all schools are doing this
, right? So this is something that that teachers
can find resources not just from their principal, but
from across the district. Right. Um, psychologists
really like, um, this whole Vegas plan and
obviously is a bullying prevention plan that focuses primarily on
the school and creating a culture. And that's where
a significant amount, probably the most the fastest growing
prevention and thinking. Getting administrators to jump on board
. I think that's been, um, um,
the most popular, um, intervention and and again
it comes back to this is not required. I
mean, part of what Obama's president Obama's trying to
do is to address this and to establish this being
part of a school, the safe school initiative,
Um, in terms of trying to propose a mandatory
for public school policy. How do we address violence
went in school, but not only just shootings and
all these things, but there's other forms of aggression
, so that's nothing mandatory yet, So it's up
to the administrator to implement as it stands right now
, it's up to the administrator to implement something or
not. And then what type of plan? Yeah
, I want to talk about your research? Mm
, where they are, How many There are what
you do when you're there talking to administrators and our
surveys over. Well, primarily, my research focuses
with the secondary Nanosys that have been extended to buy
the C. D. C. And the National
Center for Educational Statistics. So I've been Oftentimes they
asked me to do something, and then I was
like, Well, that's cool. And then I
have access to this data. And then I tried
to get a publication, right? So these other
things that are that I've been working on are either
from a grant. So the Cincinnati side going to
different schools. I was part of that. My
grand I was ended up being a co p I
of going around to different schools and trying to understand
the discipline problem. And that's how they put it
. The discipline problem and how is that? We
can reduce it, especially amongst the racial entrepreneur ease
, Um, and and oftentimes what will happen is
I have colleagues that are going out and doing this
, so I don't know if that answers your question
specifically, but when these different sites are dependent upon
the different projects that I'm working and to what capacity
. And sometimes it'll be like Sheldon, and you
want to come and give a talk at a school
, and sometimes it's just that so yeah. So
it varies. Yes. My name. Good kids
. Mm. Right. So So we're doing a
whole series of papers talking about How is it that
racial ethnic minorities who break stereotypes, Um, and
part of it is, um, with if they're
part of the Honourable. These are all things that
are perceived that are labeled as what students are supposed
to be doing. Extracurricular activity, student government,
getting good grades in math. I mean, part
of that, too, is with breaking the gender
stereotype. Bullying math girls. Um, how is
it that the students are doing what we perceive as
doing well, But then what happens as a result
, which we started to do as well. They're
more likely to be targets of being being bullied.
So then someone asked the question. Well, how
do administrators see him? So what ended up happening
is, um what we started looking at this.
Is that the threshold of misbehavior for, let's say
, the black African American Latino male and female.
It's almost as if they're more scrutinized. And the
threshold for tolerance for anything that they do is much
lower because of being in student government for being in
, um, school play or whatever it is right
there breaking and it's the same thing and one of
the things. And again, this is all with
my colleagues. So I can't take all credit for
this. Um, one of them even asked,
Well, what does this mean for Asian Americans who
are breaking the model minority stereotype? The ones that
are really successful in sports? Let's say, and
the same thing's happening for them, um, they're
breaking the stereotypes and, you know, not only
there being, um, receiving violence. And that's
how I put it, um, from from their
students, but also from administration and teachers. So
that's what that does that is that cool? Yes
. Have you, you know, really, research
is working on Children that are explosive dinner. I
was right after mhm work with and here earlier.
No, there's there's, there's research. There's growing
amount of research looking at students that have been classified
with disabilities. Now what that classification is that's also
a problem Um, but it's very broad. It's
broad when it comes to learning disability, physical disabilities
, I mean, but there are researchers coming out
with that now when it comes to foster kids and
the types of homes that are coming from not as
familiar, specifically when it comes to, um,
foster homes. I'm not as familiar with that,
so I can quickly respond. But if you want
, I can definitely send you something. There's been
a growing amount of research looking at, especially how
there's been a growing trend of classifying. There's there's
a growing town of classifying kids with disabilities because of
which I would argue no, no child left behind
and race to the top. So they're not part
of this evaluation for the teachers. So that and
as well as the school. So there's been a
growing trend as well as the meantime, Our definition
of what is a disability, um, has also
expanded, so I think it's both of that.
But there's there's, there's more research coming out.
That's not what I do. Um, but there's
more research that I know plenty of my colleagues that
do that. That kind of answer your question.
Okay? Yes, you look at in research?
Mhm. I mean, for any correlation? Yeah
, reading and math scores. Helmet. Mhm.
Where? I'm sorry. I should have gotten my
phraseology. Uh, reading and math scores in elementary
school and the kids with the lower scores. How
that what? The trajectory. So what? My
colleague, I'm I think I'm third on this and
she's she's she's what she what she's really interested is
what does this mean for test scores? Right.
And they're in terms of their their trajectory in terms
of standardized test scores, specifically is the effect.
So, like, one of the things that I've
worked on is, um, racial. Ethnic minorities
are more who are victimized, are more likely to
drop out because of it. But at the same
time, white kids who are who are bullied or
victimized are less likely. So the argument is,
um and this is some and I'm pulling from some
of my colleagues. Work is again. It goes
back to How do we? How do administrators respond
to victims of violence is they make distinctions of pushing
a shoveling of a right kid as opposed to,
let's say, a black or Latino kid right now
, What she's looking at is she's taking the lead
on is the effects of So it's almost to find
. So she's running this analysis in terms of the
kids who are doing really well, Um, that
are, you know, unroll all these things.
The victimization is not only they're more likely to be
victimized, but the effect of their victimization is much
more severe when it comes to testing. So what
will happen is, and she has this really cool
learning curve analysis going on when it comes on where
they show the trajectory where they're going prior to the
victimization going up, up, up, up,
victimization occurs. And it's specifically black, African and
Latino Latina girls who are the most severe, most
vulnerable to this downward trajectory after being victimized. Um
, we're still working on that. So when when
it I don't know if that exactly answers your question
, and it kind of does, Um, but
that's how I like. What are the effects?
The other thing that I'm still trying to work on
and someone else came up? Yeah, has.
And this is something else. This is not even
anything. We run analysis where I'm still working with
two other colleagues on this has the pressure of standardized
test score change the climate and seeing each other as
potential competition because the standardized testing, because of the
pressure to succeed? And how does this change the
culture? And is this influence interpersonal violence among students
? But we're still working on that. So I
can't say anything definitive about that. Yes. Mhm
, Yes. Okay, that's what I tried to
do. Mhm, mhm in terms of Well,
I mean, for me, it's acknowledging that this
is a problem. Um, I mean and of
course, with hold the current president hopefully continuing.
That's my political bias. But the next president that
there will be initiative to be able to be implemented
. This is part of a federal legislation that we
have now what that looks like. That's something else
, right? It's almost like everyone says, like
, Yeah, we can't leave any child behind.
Of course, we need to have raise our standards
. But then what happens is these unintended consequences,
who knows? But nevertheless, I do see that
as more hopeful. Also see it as more hopeful
that this is becoming, um, much more visible
. I mean, I wish you know again.
I appreciate CNN and their effort. I mean,
they're coming out almost every three or four months with
a special I mean, um, bullying and trying
to expose this and not only for parents, but
for administrators. So again, making it more visible
, having students and youth and even amongst, um
even within academics like this is a serious problem that
needs to be addressed is not simply school shootings is
not simply this serious forms of violence, but again
, this is acknowledged to me. That's that's the
good side, right? Um, they're acknowledging it's
a problem is not a part of a normal childhood
experience. Um, and not only that, that
much more open to listening. Um, and I
still it's still a challenge. So I mean,
you know, parents say, Well, this is
administrators and parents. While you're getting harassed on Facebook
, just turn off the computer, right? And
it seems logical. But at the same time,
we're telling all our kids who are growing up on
ipads and iPods and ipads the Internet, Um,
that this is part of your educational success to be
on the Internet and know how to use this and
at the same time we're telling them. Of course
I'm not going to turn off. This is part
of the reality. Yes. Use of writing across
the street. Two. See, this explored us
. Not that I know that there is. I
know there are programs in terms of how is it
that we can I know there? I haven't done
research on this, but I know of people who
say that this is sharing experiences amongst the student faculty
, and this is through essays and through poetry within
the school and sharing that as as part of their
policy. So I don't know if that exactly answers
. I mean, at the high school at the
higher education, I'm not aware of anything like that
. Oh, that answers your question. Yeah,
I was going to last research. It is time
consuming and for you to be much concerned about how
your research seen by the public. That's why I
think that is we're very fortunate that you have this
working relationship with However he's really here in Southwest Virginia
. There's not many working on me organ schools thinking
more about how to research. Okay, right.
Being pressured by all sides. Some guy comes with
this resource for minority students, which we are not
. Mm. And they might just pursue. Right
, Right? I mean, it's a challenge.
I mean, it was a challenge. Enough in
suburban schools. Um, I mean, everything's been
focused on urban. Um, I'm and in all
honesty, it's not only this in terms of what
I do, anything related to educational research in rural
schools is way understudied, um, and way understood
. And I mean, what, what? What
often ends up being the the carrot, if you
will, is how violence is linked to educational success
, right? And then how this educational success brings
up everybody within the school right? It brings in
more resources, right? According to race to the
stop Grace is to the top racism stop, right
, race to the top. Um, all these
things, that's what I've seen works best with administrators
. But again, I have never engaged and all
I say, I've never engaged directly or discussed this
topic with, um administrators at a rural school,
because again it comes. I mean, I can
certainly appreciate the marginalization that they have to endure,
and they're just and, you know, I've gone
into enough urban schools where they're just trying to put
out a fire at one at a time and,
you know, trying to think of this broader thing
. So I got to think it's the same thing
occurring at rural schools. You know, they're just
trying. So again, like I understand the challenges
that teachers, administrators, faculty face at this elementary
secondary, especially where their pay is associated to how
well their kids do. Um, their job is
going to be linked to how well those kids do
. Um, and you know, and there's just
one thing on top of another on top of another
on top of another. Um, but that's it's
been my experience has been the best way to approach
this improves educational success. It's often been bullying of
in of itself is a problem. Um, but
that's usually worked with me trying to talk to administrators
in terms of linking that to educational success. Uh
huh. Oh, thank you. You're funny, 1162 00:57:42.929 --> A:middle L:90% Paul