WEBVTT

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one my name is Tom believes I'm the director of

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undergraduate research here. Hi, and I want to

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welcome you to the final in our Research on the

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Edge Series, which is a collaboration among um my

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office, the university Libraries and the pioneering program,

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which is an undergraduate research and interdisciplinary training program for

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undergraduates. And you can think the the cyan hearing

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program for the food and beverage. Um So the

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purpose of this series was to introduce the community to

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interdisciplinary research that's kind of on the edge of discovery

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and really moving us forward and give folks the opportunity

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not just to hear about the introduction to the scholarship

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and discovery, but also to interact with the people

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who are doing it in a more informal setting.

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So that's why we are here. Today. We

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have Roop Mahajan from the Institute for Critical Technology and

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Applied Science. Um and he's here to talk about

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the intersections between creativity and predicting the unpredictable um much

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in the black swan theme um group has done many

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things in mechanical engineering. He's worked in various sectors

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, academics industry all over the place. So we're

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looking forward to hearing what you have to tell us

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. This is one of the most topics I think

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as we're moving forward and introducing the idea of creativity

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into stem fields and really, truly way. Well

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, thank you very much for the kind introduction.

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Just a brief introduction about my own background, I

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joined Cornell in 1972 and my PhD was in mechanical

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engineer and just to get into this kind of black

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swans and creativity. So when I asked my advisor

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, what is that I'm going to work on,

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he was number one in the world in his field

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. And he said, you know, son,

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I'm going on sabbatical. I have written 154 papers

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. Read everything I have done. And your psd

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is what I haven't done in this feat. I

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said, Oh, that's great. And then he

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said that. So I said, you know,

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after a while, six months or so, I

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got sort of familiar with him. And then I

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said, so what is your contribution? You know

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, I'm doing all this work. He said,

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well, you know, I'm going to let you

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bang your head against the wall and I will let

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you let you bruise, but I won't let you

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bleed. So that was his contribution. He said

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, I'll give you a long rope to hang yourself

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, but I'll make sure you don't. Okay.

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So, so that was the whole process of,

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you know, getting to, getting into the process

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of understanding and basic asking basic questions. And my

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PhD work was, you know, most of you

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are familiar with flows, laminar flows and turbulent flows

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. And my PhD was why does the flow become

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turbulent anyway, So why does it happen? Right

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, so that that's what it was aboard. And

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you know there I learned, you know, asking

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that kind of a question typically leads you into different

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directions, leads you to the math, leads you

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to engineering, lead you to science. So there

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are the seeds of basic interdisciplinary research were sown during

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my studies at Cornell And then in 76 I joined

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Bell Labs and my vice president for research was Arno

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Penzias, the guy who got the Nobel Prize in

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physics on the Big Bang Theory and his advice to

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me, our 1st 1st sentence he spoke to me

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was son, how we hire the best people,

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we can, we let them do what they do

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best. And once in a while we remind them

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they work for a telecommunication company. Okay, so

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the idea of unencumbered untargeted research and wherever it leads

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you go there. However the most important thing that

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he told me was if you're not in the top

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three in what you do, you don't belong here

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. Okay. So that's why we haven't since then

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, you know trying to actually bring that piece of

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that kind of culture here in our institute. So

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I became a Bell Labs fellow in 1990 1989.

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And then after the divestiture of A T. And

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T. I knew it is not going to be

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the same Bell labs. I went to University of

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Colorado Boulder And there I worked for 15 years and

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in 2006 I came here. So you will see

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some ideas, some of the work I have done

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in that lab also summer C. U. Boulder

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. It will give you an idea how interdisciplinary research

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played a role in my life. Okay, so

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today's topic intersections, how intersections lead to creativity and

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how intersections can also help us. She said uh

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predicting the unpredictable. Now that seems like a contradiction

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, but we'll see at least we can become the

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breeding ground for the next blacks one. Okay.

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All right now, I'm very fond of my own

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code. You can see that there is no sense

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of modesty here. Creative looms at the boundaries between

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intersections and that has appeared in a number of books

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. So I really believe in that one. So

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what does it mean to be creative? I think

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they are going to be first few slides on definitions

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so that we are on the same page. And

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well in general, new or different viewpoints on the

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subject, you can already see where this interdisciplinary research

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come into picture if you're talking with different viewpoints and

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not just the mechanical engineer viewpoints. You're already talking

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about interdisciplinary research. Okay, Breaking down and restructuring

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our knowledge about these subjects so that we can gain

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new insights into its nature. Getting to the bottom

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of this, why does the flow become turbulent anyway

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? Okay. And then we want to get into

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create new things and when I say create new things

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, I want to make sure that we are on

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the same page, creativity, invention, innovation.

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And there are a few more definitions on distinguishing innovation

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from invention. Okay, well, so what one

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is logical thinking? Which engineers are very good at

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a series of steps each depending on the last one

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plus two is three. That's a fact. And

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we believe in that. All right, creative thinking

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is what we can use our imagination and we can

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invent and innovate new things. Yes, there is

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internet and yes, there was shopping and Ebay is

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a new idea. How can we combine them together

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. Okay, so I, as I mentioned earlier

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, I would like to at least have the stage

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set for what is difference between innovation and invention.

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I'm sure most of you know, but let's be

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on the same page, invention is some the first

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occurrence of an idea first time the new product appears

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, first time the new process appears and it is

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really creating something new. But innovation is what engineers

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do. You know? If you ask me,

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what is the difference between a physicist and engineer in

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physics? We try to understand the laws of nature

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as they are okay as engineers, we harness the

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laws of nature and try to do something useful for

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society. So we take intervention and innovate so that

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we can do something useful for society. Uh I

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was just mentioning earlier, I said, no slide

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presentation can be complete when we talk about creativity invention

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, innovation without Einstein's picture, So innovation is not

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the product of logical thought one plus two equal to

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three, but the result is light to the logical

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structure, we will see later on, but it

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sometimes it is just that intuitive feeling that you get

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uh the Eureka moment that you get I think,

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and I guess I should definitely have thomas Edison when

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we talk about the innovation, I never perfected an

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invention that I did not think about it in terms

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of service it provides to others. So I think

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I'm sure alla Fassa together now in the definition of

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invention and innovation, I want to take something,

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a new idea and harness it to do something useful

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for society. Okay, so now these days you

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hear so much, well, you know, we're

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trying to place a lot of emphasis on creativity,

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invention, innovation, so why there is so much

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emphasis on that one? Well, I'm going to

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go back way bad and if you look at what

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happens, uh well there were neanderthals and then there

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are human beings. They started from the same stock

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And the 900,000 went, they left Africa went to

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Europe and they survived there for 200,000 years and then

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they became extinct. But the human beings are the

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folks who are left behind. They were very good

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at innovating. Okay, so it is the innovation

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that allowed the folks who are left behind to become

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the modern human species. Okay, so this is

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a nice documentary actually, a PBS documentary narrated by

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Alan Alda and if you really have time to listen

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to it, it's a great, great documentary and

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about innovation. Again, just as energy is the

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basis of life ideas, the source of innovation.

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Innovation is the vital spark for human chain. We

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just talked about that in the previous slide. And

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without this improvement, progress will not take place.

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We can't be static, we can't be stationary.

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We have to move as a civilization and innovation in

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this park. So there are three kinds of innovation

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that I think in my own mind. This is

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not a classic textbook classification, but that's how I

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feel about this. One is a linear innovation and

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we were so good at one part of a TNT

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Western Electric which used to make phones. And we

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will just come up say, okay, you know

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this is we are making this as X dollars per

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phone. We want to make it tomorrow. 0.9

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expert phone. So you guys engineers. What can

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you do to bring down the cost? And many

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times that was a linear incremental election. So this

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is some work that I did when I was in

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Bell Laboratories. So this is a reactor. Let's

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think about this chemical vapor deposition reactor. And what

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you do is you take the silicon wafers which formed

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the chips which went into the phones. And we

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were able to process two rows of papers. Okay

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. And it turned out there was a temperature non

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uniformity along the height of the reactor. And if

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if we could manage that non uniformity, we could

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actually process three rows of efforts, 50 increase in

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the output. So that like holidays, a linear

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implement. You know, I mean we already have

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the process. We modified it, we change it

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. The second one is what I call is a

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non linear innovation out of the box thinking big impact

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. But if you look at the impact, normally

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it is related to one field is not universal.

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It doesn't change a number of its for example,

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another something that I didn't Bell Laboratories On the right

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hand side is what we used there for making sordid

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joints on printing warring boards. So you have a

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huge electronic switching system, printing wiring board with 10,000

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pains and you would make the joints and we will

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use infrared heating to make the joint. The yield

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was 97.5%,, So 2.5 defect. And at the

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end of the line, our workers are sitting there

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. They are actually inspecting every joint and then taking

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a shorting oil and making the joint. Well that

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was not in such a great thing to do.

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Coming back from Chicago ill lyle, where our plant

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was somebody you know, we came up with the

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idea why don't we do something on the left hand

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side, create a body of hot, saturated vapor

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and the temperature is higher than the melting temperature of

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shorter. And if we emerged our emerged, our

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big component are part into this. Vapours are going

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to go everywhere, disorder joints are going to be

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made this year will be 100%. Okay, so

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this overnight change the whole sorting process in the electronics

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industry had a huge impact. We actually licensed five

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companies to make these machines and we started keeping track

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of the number of sorted joints made per day using

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our technology. At the same time, if you

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you may recall some of you may recall Mcdonald's used

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to post it, how many burgers sold and you

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know, pretty soon we overtook them in terms of

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billions of joints made. So I call this a

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non linear innovation. Okay. And it had a

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huge impact, but only in one industry. The

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electronics industry are disorder industry, some other examples of

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non inventions. I just picked it up for 11

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decade fiber optics cellar telephone. Uh the first I

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? Ve IVF pregnancy computer tomography. And you know

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, you can actually go to that site which is

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mentioned here. Uh There are a number of inventions

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mentioned decade by decade. So you know, you

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can get an idea of that one. Mhm.

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So the last one is what I call is a

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black swan or disruptive innovation. Again the impact is

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huge, but it is broad. It is more

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than just one discipline or one field, like it's

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ordering. We had. Okay. And there is

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an element of unpredictability. Okay. So if you

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go by the definition uh Nassim Taleb, you know

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, he wrote that book called the Black swan and

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he said it's an outlier, but when it happens

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it carries an extreme impact. Okay. And it

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has a retrospective predictability when it happened. Oh yeah

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, we should have seen it coming all right.

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But at that time we didn't. And examples in

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the technology business, the internet, the computer,

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the laser. All these three were unplanned, unpredicted

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and unappreciated. Even when they were discovered, you

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might recall the uh comment made by IBM Ceo.

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That yeah, there will be a few pieces that

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he will be able to count on fingers as we

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move forward. Okay. So even when they were

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invented, there was not that big and appreciation.

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Okay. So they play a pretty big role.

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Uh they supposed to be by definition rare events,

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but I don't think they are anymore. Uh for

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example, I just picked up three uh recent events

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, the real estate meltdown collapse of the stock market

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in late 2008. Arab Spring in January 2011.

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And the earthquake tsunami, tsunami, nuclear accident that

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happened in Japan. Okay. So these things are

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many time unpredictable. There are outliers, but when

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they happen they have a huge impact. And of

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course we can go back and how we should have

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seen the stock market collapse coming. We should have

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seen the housing bubble coming right, but that's not

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always true. So the next question that was the

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title of the presentation. How do intersections promote creativity

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, innovation, which could be linear, nonlinear or

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black swan? Okay, so let's look at that

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. Yeah, I think if you bring researchers from

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different disciplines, it opened doors for questions beyond the

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well trodden groups. If mechanical engineers sitting among mechanical

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engineers were trying to solve a problem, A new

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problem. We just started to keep on thinking the

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way we have been thinking about it. We don't

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bring a new perspective to that one. Okay.

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But when you bring people from different disciplines together,

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some magic happens. Okay. Because what happens is

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if I'm sitting with and that's the next example.

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If you know, we formed the center called Medica

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, which is the microelectronic devices in cardiovascular applications.

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Okay, so we were dealing with these micro devices

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and we said, how can we solve some of

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the problems of the cardiovascular disease? For example,

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when you are putting stent in the body in some

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cases, in a few weeks distance, they get

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rich and worst again again, the deposition takes place

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and it's very difficult at that time to take care

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of the stance. Okay. So the question is

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how can we sort of prevent that? We said

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we are putting the strands anyway, coming from the

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engine inside. You're putting the stands anyway, why

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don't you put some nano sensors on that one and

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through wireless inflammatory. I can access them. So

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as soon as the deposition restenosis starts, I will

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get to know it and then I can at that

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time and the artists are closed only by 5% or

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so. I can at that time put a drop

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off anti quadrant material. And I'm done. I

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don't have to wait when the artists are clouded by

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90 Because our body is built that way. You

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know, we can actually have our artists cloud by

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90 and we still survive and then bank just we

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got a stroke right? So the idea was ugly

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detection and it came from bringing doctors and engineers together

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. Okay. And actually what happened was, we

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actually formed the cardiac assist device and we actually spun

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off a new company. And the idea of this

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company was to distinguish innocent murmurs in Children from the

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pathological murmurs, uh, in Children. What happens

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is, you know, one of the Children are

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, so they have these murmurs, heart murmurs,

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90 of those are innocent. Okay? But if

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you go to your pediatric off doctor's office and he

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tells you or she tells you that your daughter or

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son has a heart murmur, I don't know about

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the kid, but the parents do have a heart

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murmur at that time, right? And the first

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, the first instinct is, let's go and get

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the Echo done. Let's find out, right?

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But keep in mind 90 of them are innocent and

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it's pretty costly actually to go through the Dakotas.

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Right? So we said, oh, let's find

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out how we can do it. So I had

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a pediatric surgeon who happened to have actually, uh

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, masters in electrical engineering and he also used to

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work at Bell labs at one time. So we

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sort of worked together and we said, let's look

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at the signature electronic, electrical or electronic signature of

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a heart murmur. And maybe the signature of an

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innocent murmur is different than that of pathological murmur.

347
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Okay, So if you look at the heart,

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you know, the bells are there and in some

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cases the Children, they have a hole in the

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hole in their heart. And if that hole is

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there, the blood flow is going to be different

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. So the noise or the sounds created by that

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are going to be different. Okay. So fundamentally

354
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, you know that the sounds created by a pathological

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heart and an innocent are hard with innocent murmur.

356
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They're going to be different. So we said,

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00:19:03.619 --> 00:19:06.910 A:middle L:90%
ok, you're putting a stethoscope. Anyway, we're

358
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going to take a small microphone in the stethoscope and

359
00:19:08.890 --> 00:19:11.109 A:middle L:90%
we're going to get that sound. And then what

360
00:19:11.109 --> 00:19:12.960 A:middle L:90%
we're going to do, we're going to take that

361
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sound and we are going to do some digital signal

362
00:19:15.430 --> 00:19:18.990 A:middle L:90%
processing. Okay? And then we're going to look

363
00:19:18.990 --> 00:19:22.210 A:middle L:90%
at the signature of that sound, you know,

364
00:19:22.210 --> 00:19:23.670 A:middle L:90%
as a function of frequency. And we can say

365
00:19:23.670 --> 00:19:26.319 A:middle L:90%
, oh, this is a innocent murmur. This

366
00:19:26.319 --> 00:19:30.390 A:middle L:90%
is a pathological murmur. So I actually built a

367
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software, artificial neural network software. I trained it

368
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on the signature of innocent murmur and extremely graphic pathological

369
00:19:37.400 --> 00:19:40.849 A:middle L:90%
murmur. And next time you go, your child

370
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comes to your office, you put this little device

371
00:19:42.589 --> 00:19:45.130 A:middle L:90%
and on the other side you the signature and it

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says, yep, this is innocent. No need

373
00:19:48.640 --> 00:19:49.609 A:middle L:90%
to send your child to the doctor. Okay.

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So that was a pretty powerful device. It came

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from the intersection of pediatric doctors, pediatricians and engineers

376
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who are working in this area. So intersections they

377
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create innovation, they create opportunities. So I was

378
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talking about one fact earlier when you deal with the

379
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exports, there is something that happens. They said

380
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the magic happens. One of the things that happens

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is that somehow in our own field when I go

382
00:20:18.789 --> 00:20:21.799 A:middle L:90%
to the conference in Mechanical Engineering and I have some

383
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name or fame, whatever it is in my field

384
00:20:23.400 --> 00:20:26.660 A:middle L:90%
, I'm very careful about what I say and sometimes

385
00:20:26.660 --> 00:20:29.789 A:middle L:90%
don't ask the questions. You don't want to look

386
00:20:29.789 --> 00:20:30.970 A:middle L:90%
very stupid. But when I was dealing with these

387
00:20:30.970 --> 00:20:34.690 A:middle L:90%
doctors, surgeons first I found my ego was nothing

388
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compared to their ego. That was that was the

389
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first thing I found. And the second thing was

390
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that I could then ask them any simple questions because

391
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I had an outside perspective, I could ask them

392
00:20:48.079 --> 00:20:48.880 A:middle L:90%
why. I really don't know that biology thing.

393
00:20:48.900 --> 00:20:51.779 A:middle L:90%
But how does it work? How does this hard

394
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work? Very simple questions. My experiences, sometimes

395
00:20:56.049 --> 00:21:00.259 A:middle L:90%
it is order those simple questions coming from the outside

396
00:21:00.839 --> 00:21:03.190 A:middle L:90%
that the spark of creativity, the spark of innovation

397
00:21:03.190 --> 00:21:06.619 A:middle L:90%
comes about. Okay, because when you are in

398
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a given field, we think the same way.

399
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We just keep on going along the same group all

400
00:21:11.210 --> 00:21:12.680 A:middle L:90%
the time and no new out of the box thinking

401
00:21:12.680 --> 00:21:15.119 A:middle L:90%
happens. Okay, so there was something that we

402
00:21:15.119 --> 00:21:18.559 A:middle L:90%
did. A company came off and then in back

403
00:21:18.559 --> 00:21:22.240 A:middle L:90%
actually, right here in Virginia attack in our building

404
00:21:22.240 --> 00:21:25.329 A:middle L:90%
headquarters on the Standard Street. We have something called

405
00:21:25.329 --> 00:21:27.319 A:middle L:90%
Cafe X. It's coffee shop for the unknown.

406
00:21:27.329 --> 00:21:30.720 A:middle L:90%
Okay. And back to my days in bed laboratories

407
00:21:30.730 --> 00:21:33.400 A:middle L:90%
. Uh the exercise I used to do their,

408
00:21:33.410 --> 00:21:36.710 A:middle L:90%
you know, once I became a fellow, we

409
00:21:36.710 --> 00:21:38.569 A:middle L:90%
had a number of very brilliant people working with me

410
00:21:38.579 --> 00:21:41.240 A:middle L:90%
. But we will call, we'll sit together once

411
00:21:41.240 --> 00:21:44.970 A:middle L:90%
a month and I'll ask them what will make you

412
00:21:44.980 --> 00:21:48.490 A:middle L:90%
unemployable in seven years, what new technology will come

413
00:21:48.490 --> 00:21:52.160 A:middle L:90%
along, which will make you obsolete? Will the

414
00:21:52.160 --> 00:21:55.650 A:middle L:90%
new transistor will be there? So, the old

415
00:21:55.650 --> 00:21:56.839 A:middle L:90%
stuff that we used to do with the vacuum tubes

416
00:21:57.140 --> 00:22:00.569 A:middle L:90%
? That's absolutely right. It was power of that

417
00:22:00.569 --> 00:22:04.240 A:middle L:90%
question. And people were from all over the disciplines

418
00:22:04.250 --> 00:22:08.789 A:middle L:90%
. Okay. Just asking that question and discussing various

419
00:22:08.799 --> 00:22:12.589 A:middle L:90%
options. And keep in mind these persons were at

420
00:22:12.589 --> 00:22:15.700 A:middle L:90%
the leading edge of their field. So they are

421
00:22:15.700 --> 00:22:17.759 A:middle L:90%
the world experts in their field. And you are

422
00:22:17.759 --> 00:22:18.849 A:middle L:90%
asking them what is going to make you unemployable?

423
00:22:18.859 --> 00:22:22.420 A:middle L:90%
Right? So but here what we do in the

424
00:22:22.420 --> 00:22:23.480 A:middle L:90%
fact that the faculty, you know, this is

425
00:22:23.480 --> 00:22:26.890 A:middle L:90%
a I think an old joke now on my part

426
00:22:26.900 --> 00:22:30.460 A:middle L:90%
. But you know, the faculty continued, you

427
00:22:30.460 --> 00:22:33.089 A:middle L:90%
can't tell them what will make you unemployable. That's

428
00:22:33.089 --> 00:22:36.069 A:middle L:90%
not possible, but we do tell them what will

429
00:22:36.069 --> 00:22:37.880 A:middle L:90%
make you irrelevant, that no graduate students want to

430
00:22:37.880 --> 00:22:41.279 A:middle L:90%
work with you. Okay? So we have been

431
00:22:41.279 --> 00:22:44.279 A:middle L:90%
having that seminar and you know, we got the

432
00:22:44.289 --> 00:22:47.789 A:middle L:90%
leading faculty member and we got we actually got a

433
00:22:47.789 --> 00:22:49.259 A:middle L:90%
lot of folks around different, it's just not engineers

434
00:22:49.640 --> 00:22:52.460 A:middle L:90%
, professor joseph paid from philosophy department, he's our

435
00:22:52.460 --> 00:22:56.819 A:middle L:90%
permanent member and that black swan seminars. So,

436
00:22:56.819 --> 00:23:00.250 A:middle L:90%
again, we are finding what we do. There

437
00:23:00.250 --> 00:23:03.210 A:middle L:90%
is is basically free exchange of ideas, no tyranny

438
00:23:03.210 --> 00:23:06.319 A:middle L:90%
. A power point that I'm subjecting you today.

439
00:23:06.329 --> 00:23:07.769 A:middle L:90%
It's not allowed. Power point presentation is not allowed

440
00:23:08.140 --> 00:23:11.099 A:middle L:90%
. And we just have a conversation, we just

441
00:23:11.099 --> 00:23:12.180 A:middle L:90%
have a job. And then, you know,

442
00:23:12.180 --> 00:23:17.059 A:middle L:90%
I have some students sitting there who are taking notes

443
00:23:17.069 --> 00:23:21.009 A:middle L:90%
and 4567 ideas coming up. Okay. And then

444
00:23:21.009 --> 00:23:22.480 A:middle L:90%
we form a little social group around them and we

445
00:23:22.480 --> 00:23:25.970 A:middle L:90%
say, okay, is this idea? Uh do

446
00:23:25.970 --> 00:23:29.309 A:middle L:90%
we want to does this idea have legs? Some

447
00:23:29.309 --> 00:23:32.180 A:middle L:90%
of the those ideas they die, they have a

448
00:23:32.190 --> 00:23:34.529 A:middle L:90%
infant mortality, They die. Nothing happens. But

449
00:23:34.529 --> 00:23:37.440 A:middle L:90%
some of them are the signals. We call them

450
00:23:37.440 --> 00:23:41.039 A:middle L:90%
signals. Those are the baby swans. It's not

451
00:23:41.039 --> 00:23:42.170 A:middle L:90%
the ring is the baby swans. We call them

452
00:23:42.170 --> 00:23:45.500 A:middle L:90%
signals the baby swans. And we are hoping we're

453
00:23:45.500 --> 00:23:51.430 A:middle L:90%
hoping that through this exercise Through this bringing exercise of

454
00:23:51.430 --> 00:23:53.559 A:middle L:90%
bringing people together will become the breeding ground for the

455
00:23:53.559 --> 00:23:57.170 A:middle L:90%
next blacks one. So that's where predicting the unpredictable

456
00:23:57.170 --> 00:24:00.480 A:middle L:90%
comes along. I actually wrote a note to the

457
00:24:00.480 --> 00:24:03.579 A:middle L:90%
same talent through a friend of mine. I said

458
00:24:03.589 --> 00:24:04.690 A:middle L:90%
, I think I'm going to prove you wrong when

459
00:24:04.690 --> 00:24:07.509 A:middle L:90%
you say these blacks ones are unpredictable. My whole

460
00:24:07.509 --> 00:24:10.609 A:middle L:90%
purpose in the next few years to prove that you're

461
00:24:10.609 --> 00:24:12.309 A:middle L:90%
wrong, we can predict the next black swan.

462
00:24:12.319 --> 00:24:15.200 A:middle L:90%
We can predict the next disruptive technology. We can

463
00:24:15.200 --> 00:24:18.009 A:middle L:90%
predict the next big thing. Okay, so that's

464
00:24:18.009 --> 00:24:22.019 A:middle L:90%
the purpose of this. And it only happens and

465
00:24:22.029 --> 00:24:25.750 A:middle L:90%
it can only happen if we bring people from different

466
00:24:25.750 --> 00:24:29.849 A:middle L:90%
disciplines together. Otherwise if I'm working in wireless technology

467
00:24:29.910 --> 00:24:32.309 A:middle L:90%
, my solutions, my future, I'm going to

468
00:24:32.309 --> 00:24:34.750 A:middle L:90%
be thinking of linearly, but you really need to

469
00:24:34.750 --> 00:24:37.509 A:middle L:90%
think non linearly to get to the next disruptive technology

470
00:24:37.509 --> 00:24:41.980 A:middle L:90%
. Okay, so a couple of stories on intersectional

471
00:24:41.980 --> 00:24:45.210 A:middle L:90%
innovations beyond my own work. And actually these stories

472
00:24:45.210 --> 00:24:48.819 A:middle L:90%
are from this book is called Art Science. It's

473
00:24:48.819 --> 00:24:52.160 A:middle L:90%
a wonderful book. And uh, the first story

474
00:24:52.160 --> 00:24:53.759 A:middle L:90%
that I have, and I do have some notes

475
00:24:53.759 --> 00:24:56.369 A:middle L:90%
on this one, because there are a lot of

476
00:24:56.369 --> 00:24:59.460 A:middle L:90%
factual things here, I want to make sure I

477
00:24:59.460 --> 00:25:00.940 A:middle L:90%
see them. Right? So firstly, this story

478
00:25:00.940 --> 00:25:03.299 A:middle L:90%
of Diana Debbie, how many of you have heard

479
00:25:03.299 --> 00:25:07.410 A:middle L:90%
of her? She's at right now at the Olin

480
00:25:07.420 --> 00:25:12.559 A:middle L:90%
College outside boston and she's a professor of Electrical Engineering

481
00:25:12.609 --> 00:25:18.819 A:middle L:90%
and Music. Okay. In 1982, she used

482
00:25:18.819 --> 00:25:21.500 A:middle L:90%
to live in New York City and she was working

483
00:25:21.500 --> 00:25:25.089 A:middle L:90%
as a concert pianist. Okay. She was going

484
00:25:25.089 --> 00:25:26.910 A:middle L:90%
through one day looking at the what are the future

485
00:25:26.910 --> 00:25:30.940 A:middle L:90%
trends in music. She was browsing through the journals

486
00:25:30.950 --> 00:25:34.029 A:middle L:90%
, Right? And she found most of the articles

487
00:25:34.029 --> 00:25:37.940 A:middle L:90%
that she found they were written by engineers. She

488
00:25:37.940 --> 00:25:40.910 A:middle L:90%
said, what in the world is going on here

489
00:25:41.440 --> 00:25:42.829 A:middle L:90%
? Why are the, why are engineers writing about

490
00:25:42.829 --> 00:25:45.569 A:middle L:90%
the latest trends in music? And she said,

491
00:25:45.569 --> 00:25:48.769 A:middle L:90%
I don't even know who an engineer is. So

492
00:25:48.769 --> 00:25:52.549 A:middle L:90%
she went over to a friend's house and the notes

493
00:25:52.549 --> 00:25:56.029 A:middle L:90%
say she had just bought encyclopedia Britannica. So let's

494
00:25:56.029 --> 00:25:59.180 A:middle L:90%
flip through the pages and find out what does an

495
00:25:59.180 --> 00:26:00.500 A:middle L:90%
engineer me. And they found there are too many

496
00:26:00.500 --> 00:26:03.509 A:middle L:90%
engineers, Mechanical engineers, chemical engineers, electrical engineers

497
00:26:03.509 --> 00:26:07.039 A:middle L:90%
and all kinds. And she said, oh it

498
00:26:07.039 --> 00:26:10.789 A:middle L:90%
looks like uh if engineers can get into this field

499
00:26:10.799 --> 00:26:14.960 A:middle L:90%
of music, write papers, why can't I,

500
00:26:15.339 --> 00:26:22.170 A:middle L:90%
as a musician look into engineering and then bring bring

501
00:26:22.170 --> 00:26:26.420 A:middle L:90%
that scholarship to the music field. So she said

502
00:26:26.599 --> 00:26:27.819 A:middle L:90%
I'm going to do it, I'm going to become

503
00:26:27.819 --> 00:26:32.500 A:middle L:90%
an engineer. Okay. So she made her living

504
00:26:32.500 --> 00:26:36.099 A:middle L:90%
through her piano concert but then she joined new york

505
00:26:36.099 --> 00:26:40.440 A:middle L:90%
city new york college City College and she entered mechanical

506
00:26:40.440 --> 00:26:42.480 A:middle L:90%
engineer. Okay. She got her I think masters

507
00:26:42.480 --> 00:26:45.680 A:middle L:90%
their undergraduate there and then she went to MIT after

508
00:26:45.680 --> 00:26:48.579 A:middle L:90%
that. And she's I think electrical engineer is what

509
00:26:48.579 --> 00:26:51.380 A:middle L:90%
I really want to do because I'm very interested in

510
00:26:51.380 --> 00:26:55.750 A:middle L:90%
understanding chaos. Okay, so back to my work

511
00:26:55.759 --> 00:26:56.589 A:middle L:90%
, why does the flow become turbulent? How many

512
00:26:56.589 --> 00:27:00.180 A:middle L:90%
of, you know, something more chaos? TDF

513
00:27:00.180 --> 00:27:03.569 A:middle L:90%
chaos. Okay, great story. Okay, so

514
00:27:03.569 --> 00:27:06.019 A:middle L:90%
here it is, you know, like here is

515
00:27:06.019 --> 00:27:07.269 A:middle L:90%
a professor, this is the good old days when

516
00:27:07.269 --> 00:27:11.160 A:middle L:90%
we didn't have these fast computers. So, you

517
00:27:11.160 --> 00:27:14.059 A:middle L:90%
know, he's putting the data into the computer and

518
00:27:14.059 --> 00:27:17.380 A:middle L:90%
he's looking at uh you know, can I predict

519
00:27:17.380 --> 00:27:19.329 A:middle L:90%
weather? Can I make a prediction of what the

520
00:27:19.329 --> 00:27:22.849 A:middle L:90%
weather is going to be a week from today?

521
00:27:22.859 --> 00:27:26.240 A:middle L:90%
24 hours from today? So anyway, while he

522
00:27:26.240 --> 00:27:29.539 A:middle L:90%
was working on this, he felt he had to

523
00:27:29.539 --> 00:27:30.049 A:middle L:90%
go and get a grab a cup of coffee.

524
00:27:30.839 --> 00:27:33.559 A:middle L:90%
Okay, So he said, ok, here's the

525
00:27:33.569 --> 00:27:37.390 A:middle L:90%
here's the data and a computer you may recall.

526
00:27:37.400 --> 00:27:40.619 A:middle L:90%
It will truncate up to the last digit. It

527
00:27:40.619 --> 00:27:44.640 A:middle L:90%
was eight accurate up to eight decimals and the last

528
00:27:44.640 --> 00:27:48.319 A:middle L:90%
stages was truncated. He jotted that down, went

529
00:27:48.319 --> 00:27:51.269 A:middle L:90%
back, had a cup of coffee, then he

530
00:27:51.269 --> 00:27:55.170 A:middle L:90%
came back and he put that data as the input

531
00:27:55.740 --> 00:27:59.039 A:middle L:90%
into the next iteration. Okay, so keep in

532
00:27:59.039 --> 00:28:00.750 A:middle L:90%
mind what he did. He had the data output

533
00:28:00.799 --> 00:28:03.470 A:middle L:90%
. If he had stood there, it will have

534
00:28:03.470 --> 00:28:07.609 A:middle L:90%
continued the process computation while he he took that data

535
00:28:07.609 --> 00:28:10.950 A:middle L:90%
and he thought he was just taking that data putting

536
00:28:10.950 --> 00:28:11.269 A:middle L:90%
it back in. It should be all right.

537
00:28:12.140 --> 00:28:15.670 A:middle L:90%
Well, it turned out the result was very different

538
00:28:17.039 --> 00:28:18.380 A:middle L:90%
than for example, if he had not taken that

539
00:28:18.380 --> 00:28:22.759 A:middle L:90%
date out because it was truncated At the 8th digit

540
00:28:23.339 --> 00:28:26.349 A:middle L:90%
. So these problems of other prediction, for example

541
00:28:26.480 --> 00:28:30.430 A:middle L:90%
, they are extremely, extremely nonlinear and a small

542
00:28:30.430 --> 00:28:33.269 A:middle L:90%
change in the initial condition can change the output.

543
00:28:33.839 --> 00:28:37.059 A:middle L:90%
So it came to be known as the butterfly effect

544
00:28:37.640 --> 00:28:38.529 A:middle L:90%
, maybe that you have heard. Right? So

545
00:28:38.529 --> 00:28:41.380 A:middle L:90%
it depends on what whether we will have on a

546
00:28:41.380 --> 00:28:44.349 A:middle L:90%
long term, it depends on whether the butterfly way

547
00:28:44.349 --> 00:28:47.930 A:middle L:90%
far away somewhere, decided to flap its wings or

548
00:28:47.930 --> 00:28:49.359 A:middle L:90%
it didn't. So our weather will be different.

549
00:28:49.740 --> 00:28:53.690 A:middle L:90%
That small change in the initial condition in a highly

550
00:28:53.690 --> 00:28:56.950 A:middle L:90%
nonlinear problem can cause that kind of change. So

551
00:28:56.950 --> 00:29:00.569 A:middle L:90%
that's the tv of chaos. Okay, well,

552
00:29:00.569 --> 00:29:02.109 A:middle L:90%
it also turned out then, you know, they

553
00:29:02.109 --> 00:29:04.299 A:middle L:90%
looked at it and it turned out that actually,

554
00:29:04.309 --> 00:29:07.529 A:middle L:90%
depending on a small chain, you can have tons

555
00:29:07.529 --> 00:29:11.170 A:middle L:90%
of solutions, many, many solutions, but they

556
00:29:11.170 --> 00:29:14.880 A:middle L:90%
had some kind of a regularity to this on the

557
00:29:14.880 --> 00:29:17.690 A:middle L:90%
right hand side, what is known as a tractor

558
00:29:17.690 --> 00:29:21.539 A:middle L:90%
, This strange uh a tractor. So even if

559
00:29:21.539 --> 00:29:22.670 A:middle L:90%
you have all kinds of solutions, but they will

560
00:29:22.670 --> 00:29:26.759 A:middle L:90%
follow one of those trajectories. Okay, so that

561
00:29:26.759 --> 00:29:30.000 A:middle L:90%
was the moment for her. She said, well

562
00:29:30.009 --> 00:29:33.130 A:middle L:90%
if this is what happens in chaos, can I

563
00:29:33.130 --> 00:29:37.269 A:middle L:90%
have, can I take this and apply it to

564
00:29:37.269 --> 00:29:41.380 A:middle L:90%
have a musical variation? Can I change a little

565
00:29:41.380 --> 00:29:45.400 A:middle L:90%
bit and have a new composition? But it will

566
00:29:45.400 --> 00:29:48.690 A:middle L:90%
still follow one of those trajectories, right? And

567
00:29:48.690 --> 00:29:49.779 A:middle L:90%
the story goes on and now it's my story,

568
00:29:49.789 --> 00:29:52.150 A:middle L:90%
it's going to be incremental. So when they were

569
00:29:52.150 --> 00:29:55.839 A:middle L:90%
trying to get me at R. P. I

570
00:29:55.849 --> 00:29:57.470 A:middle L:90%
. Many, many years ago, uh so one

571
00:29:57.470 --> 00:29:59.970 A:middle L:90%
of the alums from R. P. I,

572
00:30:00.029 --> 00:30:02.750 A:middle L:90%
you know, we have the technology college, we

573
00:30:02.750 --> 00:30:04.359 A:middle L:90%
need to have something in fine arts, let's have

574
00:30:04.359 --> 00:30:08.109 A:middle L:90%
an electronic studio where the performance will be done by

575
00:30:08.109 --> 00:30:12.420 A:middle L:90%
electrons. We'll have electronic ballerinas, there will be

576
00:30:12.420 --> 00:30:15.990 A:middle L:90%
atoms and molecules doing some dancing around. And so

577
00:30:15.990 --> 00:30:21.130 A:middle L:90%
they wanted to have that and they're uh I was

578
00:30:21.130 --> 00:30:22.529 A:middle L:90%
just happened to be talking to somebody there and I

579
00:30:22.529 --> 00:30:26.569 A:middle L:90%
said, you know what happens if we take uh

580
00:30:26.579 --> 00:30:29.140 A:middle L:90%
that's a symphony And we say, you know,

581
00:30:29.140 --> 00:30:30.869 A:middle L:90%
between the array, I'm going to divide that space

582
00:30:30.869 --> 00:30:36.049 A:middle L:90%
between Doha and Ray into. I start 64 spaces

583
00:30:36.539 --> 00:30:38.839 A:middle L:90%
And I'm going to take one particular performance are simply

584
00:30:38.849 --> 00:30:42.099 A:middle L:90%
and I'm going to change door with dough plus one

585
00:30:42.099 --> 00:30:45.670 A:middle L:90%
over 64th of the sound between them. And and

586
00:30:45.670 --> 00:30:47.670 A:middle L:90%
I don't want to see what happens, right?

587
00:30:48.039 --> 00:30:48.910 A:middle L:90%
You said that's a great idea. We should probably

588
00:30:48.910 --> 00:30:52.170 A:middle L:90%
see what happens, hold that performance look like.

589
00:30:52.539 --> 00:30:53.880 A:middle L:90%
But again, the idea was that, you know

590
00:30:53.880 --> 00:30:56.609 A:middle L:90%
, you can have this musical variation and you don't

591
00:30:56.609 --> 00:31:00.039 A:middle L:90%
know what you're going to say, but they will

592
00:31:00.039 --> 00:31:03.819 A:middle L:90%
follow that trajectory. It will still follow that process

593
00:31:03.829 --> 00:31:06.710 A:middle L:90%
, just like the following the turbulence. It will

594
00:31:06.710 --> 00:31:08.619 A:middle L:90%
follow one of those trajectories and that's her claim to

595
00:31:08.619 --> 00:31:10.950 A:middle L:90%
fame. You know, she came up with the

596
00:31:10.950 --> 00:31:15.559 A:middle L:90%
idea of this musical variation through chaos, a musician

597
00:31:15.839 --> 00:31:26.170 A:middle L:90%
and electrical engineer, turbulence and the piano concert player

598
00:31:26.839 --> 00:31:29.619 A:middle L:90%
. She brought them together. Right? So that's

599
00:31:29.619 --> 00:31:33.670 A:middle L:90%
what happens when you have intersection together one more story

600
00:31:33.670 --> 00:31:37.269 A:middle L:90%
. And then we'll conclude uh how many of you

601
00:31:37.269 --> 00:31:40.859 A:middle L:90%
have heard of Giulio Aquino? He has been very

602
00:31:40.859 --> 00:31:42.660 A:middle L:90%
very in the news. Uh he is the dean

603
00:31:42.660 --> 00:31:47.279 A:middle L:90%
of the College of Engineering at Northwestern University Last year

604
00:31:47.279 --> 00:31:51.450 A:middle L:90%
in January 2012. Uh he actually along with another

605
00:31:51.450 --> 00:31:53.940 A:middle L:90%
person uh he wrote an article on emerging technologies.

606
00:31:53.950 --> 00:31:57.579 A:middle L:90%
Okay. It's a great story though. He was

607
00:31:57.589 --> 00:32:04.329 A:middle L:90%
born in Argentina and you know he in his childhood

608
00:32:04.339 --> 00:32:07.049 A:middle L:90%
uh he used to paint, he loved painting,

609
00:32:07.440 --> 00:32:10.839 A:middle L:90%
okay. He used to uh bent and then all

610
00:32:10.839 --> 00:32:14.599 A:middle L:90%
kinds of political problems in Argentina. And then you

611
00:32:14.599 --> 00:32:19.269 A:middle L:90%
know his studies were disrupted but he stayed with painting

612
00:32:19.640 --> 00:32:22.299 A:middle L:90%
and then he also decided he wants to do something

613
00:32:22.299 --> 00:32:24.640 A:middle L:90%
in math. Okay. But he finished that studies

614
00:32:24.640 --> 00:32:28.349 A:middle L:90%
and then he came to the United States and then

615
00:32:28.349 --> 00:32:32.799 A:middle L:90%
he gotten into his graduate studies and he actually studied

616
00:32:32.799 --> 00:32:37.460 A:middle L:90%
at that time uh the problem are mixing. How

617
00:32:37.460 --> 00:32:42.329 A:middle L:90%
do fluids mix? Alright. Mixing is pretty important

618
00:32:42.329 --> 00:32:44.259 A:middle L:90%
, right? That is the cosmetics or it is

619
00:32:44.259 --> 00:32:45.759 A:middle L:90%
some medicine you know you want to have a very

620
00:32:45.769 --> 00:32:49.809 A:middle L:90%
homogeneous mixing. Okay. So he said I wanted

621
00:32:49.809 --> 00:32:52.660 A:middle L:90%
to study that. So you know here he's trying

622
00:32:52.660 --> 00:32:57.279 A:middle L:90%
all kinds of equations to study that phenomenon and he

623
00:32:57.279 --> 00:33:00.720 A:middle L:90%
wasn't getting anywhere okay and he said one day you

624
00:33:00.720 --> 00:33:02.589 A:middle L:90%
know but he used to paint remember so you know

625
00:33:02.589 --> 00:33:06.299 A:middle L:90%
one day he went on his desk and he he

626
00:33:06.309 --> 00:33:08.940 A:middle L:90%
took his brush and painted something there. Okay.

627
00:33:08.950 --> 00:33:10.940 A:middle L:90%
He said you know that's the kind of mixing I

628
00:33:10.940 --> 00:33:14.859 A:middle L:90%
want. Okay, that's exactly the kind of mixing

629
00:33:14.859 --> 00:33:16.670 A:middle L:90%
I want. So then he he said, you

630
00:33:16.670 --> 00:33:21.619 A:middle L:90%
know, really to understand the phenomena mixing and a

631
00:33:21.619 --> 00:33:23.849 A:middle L:90%
perfect mixing. Uh regulations are not helping me.

632
00:33:24.430 --> 00:33:27.579 A:middle L:90%
And he said, I'm going to use the pictures

633
00:33:27.579 --> 00:33:29.089 A:middle L:90%
, I'm going to use the paintings. I'm going

634
00:33:29.089 --> 00:33:31.029 A:middle L:90%
to do the pictorial understanding of that. And he

635
00:33:31.029 --> 00:33:35.190 A:middle L:90%
wants to understand how to again, the phenomenon chaos

636
00:33:35.200 --> 00:33:37.980 A:middle L:90%
. How does chaotic mixing take place? How did

637
00:33:37.980 --> 00:33:40.190 A:middle L:90%
the fluids unfold themselves? And how do they then

638
00:33:40.200 --> 00:33:44.829 A:middle L:90%
do the perfect mixing? So again, the example

639
00:33:44.829 --> 00:33:46.140 A:middle L:90%
there is and he is now pretty famous. Uh

640
00:33:46.150 --> 00:33:49.470 A:middle L:90%
he has a number of books and some of his

641
00:33:49.470 --> 00:33:52.019 A:middle L:90%
books are just on his paintings. And of course

642
00:33:52.019 --> 00:33:53.210 A:middle L:90%
he wrote a book which is mentioned here. The

643
00:33:53.220 --> 00:33:57.180 A:middle L:90%
art are mixing with an admixture of art, fluid

644
00:33:57.180 --> 00:34:00.150 A:middle L:90%
salads and visual imagination. You can see you can

645
00:34:00.150 --> 00:34:01.470 A:middle L:90%
imagine that book, it is the last stage with

646
00:34:01.470 --> 00:34:05.789 A:middle L:90%
wonderful paintings done by him. Right? So here's

647
00:34:05.789 --> 00:34:09.969 A:middle L:90%
another example where the real art and and then they

648
00:34:09.969 --> 00:34:14.559 A:middle L:90%
came together to create something more fundamentally new. Okay

649
00:34:15.039 --> 00:34:17.880 A:middle L:90%
, so I think what I thought I will conclude

650
00:34:17.880 --> 00:34:20.909 A:middle L:90%
my talk by saying that this is not all TD

651
00:34:20.909 --> 00:34:22.469 A:middle L:90%
for us, you know, we actually practice it

652
00:34:23.440 --> 00:34:27.300 A:middle L:90%
. We actually implemented at Virginia attack, you know

653
00:34:27.300 --> 00:34:29.360 A:middle L:90%
, in many institutes, but I'm going to focus

654
00:34:29.360 --> 00:34:31.000 A:middle L:90%
on the four slides on my on the Institute for

655
00:34:31.000 --> 00:34:34.519 A:middle L:90%
Critical Technology and Applied Science. Uh, this is

656
00:34:34.519 --> 00:34:37.280 A:middle L:90%
our vision. We want to be a top institute

657
00:34:37.289 --> 00:34:43.070 A:middle L:90%
globally known for transformative, sustainable technologies to meet the

658
00:34:43.070 --> 00:34:45.739 A:middle L:90%
societal needs. Okay, and to do that,

659
00:34:45.750 --> 00:34:50.250 A:middle L:90%
we actually act as a catalyst for interdisciplinary research.

660
00:34:50.260 --> 00:34:52.300 A:middle L:90%
And what I really want to focus your attention on

661
00:34:52.300 --> 00:34:55.590 A:middle L:90%
is it says that the intersection of engineering and the

662
00:34:55.590 --> 00:35:00.750 A:middle L:90%
sciences, physical life and social and humanities. Okay

663
00:35:00.760 --> 00:35:04.099 A:middle L:90%
, so you need all of them together. And

664
00:35:04.099 --> 00:35:07.750 A:middle L:90%
this is what is interdisciplinary research. This is multidisciplinary

665
00:35:07.750 --> 00:35:09.590 A:middle L:90%
research. People come to write a proposal together.

666
00:35:09.599 --> 00:35:12.619 A:middle L:90%
Yeah. You write your section, I write my

667
00:35:12.619 --> 00:35:14.750 A:middle L:90%
section, we send a proposal. If we get

668
00:35:14.750 --> 00:35:15.719 A:middle L:90%
awarded, we'll work together and then we'll go our

669
00:35:15.719 --> 00:35:20.519 A:middle L:90%
own ways. But in the interdisciplinary research you found

670
00:35:20.519 --> 00:35:23.349 A:middle L:90%
permanent relationships you want you learn from each other.

671
00:35:23.360 --> 00:35:28.559 A:middle L:90%
Okay. It is that interdisciplinary research which leads to

672
00:35:28.559 --> 00:35:31.420 A:middle L:90%
creativity leads to paradigm shift solutions. And the last

673
00:35:31.420 --> 00:35:34.940 A:middle L:90%
one by the cartoon here is what is called trans

674
00:35:34.940 --> 00:35:37.199 A:middle L:90%
disciplinary research. The original disciplines have no meaning in

675
00:35:37.199 --> 00:35:40.789 A:middle L:90%
you. What's our Okay. Uh so we look

676
00:35:40.789 --> 00:35:45.840 A:middle L:90%
at cutting edge technologies, nanotechnology, biotechnology, our

677
00:35:45.840 --> 00:35:50.409 A:middle L:90%
seller, molecular biology, cognitive brain, cognitive information

678
00:35:50.409 --> 00:35:52.889 A:middle L:90%
technologies. Each one of them by the way,

679
00:35:52.900 --> 00:35:55.989 A:middle L:90%
is extremely powerful. technology. Nanotechnology is supposed to

680
00:35:55.989 --> 00:36:00.369 A:middle L:90%
be the next industrial revolution.$3.7 trillion dollar global

681
00:36:00.369 --> 00:36:02.820 A:middle L:90%
market, pervasive in every walk of our life is

682
00:36:02.820 --> 00:36:07.909 A:middle L:90%
the cosmetics. We were uh the oh solar for

683
00:36:07.909 --> 00:36:10.489 A:middle L:90%
the world, for the world. Excel the composites

684
00:36:10.489 --> 00:36:13.849 A:middle L:90%
, nano composites we use for the automobiles. So

685
00:36:13.849 --> 00:36:15.719 A:middle L:90%
it's pretty progressive. Same thing on the cellular molecular

686
00:36:15.719 --> 00:36:21.250 A:middle L:90%
biology so dominant these days. You know, what

687
00:36:21.250 --> 00:36:22.849 A:middle L:90%
is in our gene? What is the DNA?

688
00:36:22.230 --> 00:36:25.940 A:middle L:90%
How does it impact our cell growth our whole life

689
00:36:25.940 --> 00:36:29.920 A:middle L:90%
in general, Bring the next frontier. I mean

690
00:36:29.920 --> 00:36:30.389 A:middle L:90%
if I had my guts, I would like to

691
00:36:30.389 --> 00:36:34.579 A:middle L:90%
reverse engineer brain and then report it, put it

692
00:36:34.579 --> 00:36:37.590 A:middle L:90%
together. You can imagine how difficult that task is

693
00:36:37.599 --> 00:36:38.380 A:middle L:90%
. Maybe it will take 50 years, but we'll

694
00:36:38.380 --> 00:36:42.840 A:middle L:90%
get it, we'll get there uh and sustainability.

695
00:36:42.840 --> 00:36:44.750 A:middle L:90%
Of course, I want to look at the intersection

696
00:36:44.750 --> 00:36:46.769 A:middle L:90%
of them to create a sustainable future. And that's

697
00:36:46.769 --> 00:36:50.730 A:middle L:90%
why most of our research area is unsustainable energy,

698
00:36:50.730 --> 00:36:54.119 A:middle L:90%
sustainable water, National security, uh emerging technologies.

699
00:36:54.130 --> 00:36:55.739 A:middle L:90%
So you know, that's what we normally do.

700
00:36:57.429 --> 00:37:00.780 A:middle L:90%
And back to my bed laboratories mantra was given,

701
00:37:00.789 --> 00:37:02.039 A:middle L:90%
you have to be on the top three. So

702
00:37:02.039 --> 00:37:05.269 A:middle L:90%
what we do is we believe in a spiral growth

703
00:37:05.280 --> 00:37:07.320 A:middle L:90%
. So we actually invest in faculty and then they

704
00:37:07.320 --> 00:37:10.070 A:middle L:90%
go back and then they get some money from our

705
00:37:10.070 --> 00:37:13.420 A:middle L:90%
grant from NIH and I. S. F.

706
00:37:13.429 --> 00:37:15.110 A:middle L:90%
D. O. E. And then when we

707
00:37:15.119 --> 00:37:16.230 A:middle L:90%
get to some point we bring all of them,

708
00:37:16.239 --> 00:37:19.780 A:middle L:90%
all of them together. We form a center and

709
00:37:19.780 --> 00:37:22.679 A:middle L:90%
we say now typically 16 to 20 faculty, 32

710
00:37:22.679 --> 00:37:25.500 A:middle L:90%
to 40 PhD students working in one area. And

711
00:37:25.500 --> 00:37:28.170 A:middle L:90%
then we say you better be among the top three

712
00:37:28.170 --> 00:37:30.960 A:middle L:90%
in what you're doing. So that's the normal model

713
00:37:30.730 --> 00:37:35.179 A:middle L:90%
. And of course it is about innovation and healthy

714
00:37:35.179 --> 00:37:37.940 A:middle L:90%
does of blue sky component. And we realized that

715
00:37:37.940 --> 00:37:40.110 A:middle L:90%
if we ask our faculty to take those risks,

716
00:37:40.159 --> 00:37:43.750 A:middle L:90%
you have to provide some safety net. Okay,

717
00:37:43.760 --> 00:37:45.309 A:middle L:90%
So we provide a safety net and salsa, but

718
00:37:45.309 --> 00:37:49.460 A:middle L:90%
the black, black swan most recently and I'll conclude

719
00:37:49.460 --> 00:37:52.329 A:middle L:90%
with that most recently we have set up a group

720
00:37:52.329 --> 00:37:57.460 A:middle L:90%
called Outliers, the Outliers Club. Okay. And

721
00:37:57.460 --> 00:38:00.219 A:middle L:90%
this is not by broad agency announcement. I sort

722
00:38:00.219 --> 00:38:02.769 A:middle L:90%
of look at some younger faculty whose neurons are still

723
00:38:02.769 --> 00:38:07.940 A:middle L:90%
better than mine and those, uh, because I

724
00:38:07.940 --> 00:38:09.539 A:middle L:90%
understand, uh, if you look at the history

725
00:38:09.539 --> 00:38:14.760 A:middle L:90%
of Nobel prize winners, most of the ideas on

726
00:38:14.760 --> 00:38:16.869 A:middle L:90%
which they got the Nobel prize, they were there

727
00:38:16.880 --> 00:38:21.889 A:middle L:90%
in the age of 18- 35. So my

728
00:38:21.900 --> 00:38:23.289 A:middle L:90%
colleagues, some colleagues of mine, they say,

729
00:38:23.300 --> 00:38:25.480 A:middle L:90%
what are you doing? You're telling me that,

730
00:38:25.489 --> 00:38:28.889 A:middle L:90%
uh, we don't have the ability to come up

731
00:38:28.889 --> 00:38:30.630 A:middle L:90%
with the Nobel prizes. Yeah, because we are

732
00:38:30.630 --> 00:38:31.900 A:middle L:90%
all the age of 35. I now let me

733
00:38:31.900 --> 00:38:34.630 A:middle L:90%
tell them no. If you have an idea that

734
00:38:34.630 --> 00:38:36.489 A:middle L:90%
you conceived at that time and now you may be

735
00:38:36.489 --> 00:38:37.429 A:middle L:90%
70 you can still be part of the or less

736
00:38:37.519 --> 00:38:43.320 A:middle L:90%
. I but the idea there is again, uh

737
00:38:43.329 --> 00:38:45.670 A:middle L:90%
, you know, let's think about the next blacks

738
00:38:45.670 --> 00:38:49.260 A:middle L:90%
, One last thing about the next transistor. Let's

739
00:38:49.260 --> 00:38:51.349 A:middle L:90%
think about the next iphone so that we can do

740
00:38:51.349 --> 00:38:52.559 A:middle L:90%
it together. So I want to leave you with

741
00:38:52.559 --> 00:38:54.699 A:middle L:90%
this slide. I think what we are trying to

742
00:38:54.699 --> 00:38:58.380 A:middle L:90%
do through this exercise and thanks for actually having this

743
00:38:58.380 --> 00:39:00.550 A:middle L:90%
opportunity to do it. The idea is, you

744
00:39:00.550 --> 00:39:04.860 A:middle L:90%
know, let's start the process. Let's start the

745
00:39:04.860 --> 00:39:07.590 A:middle L:90%
process of getting all of us together from arts and

746
00:39:07.590 --> 00:39:09.519 A:middle L:90%
the humanities and the Science and Engineering. And let's

747
00:39:09.519 --> 00:39:14.079 A:middle L:90%
bring the intersections, let's bring the interdisciplinary research and

748
00:39:14.079 --> 00:39:16.019 A:middle L:90%
hopefully as we move forward, you know, we

749
00:39:16.019 --> 00:39:20.019 A:middle L:90%
can just simply in my way of thinking, build

750
00:39:20.019 --> 00:39:22.750 A:middle L:90%
a bridge to the future and that future is off

751
00:39:23.519 --> 00:39:29.019 A:middle L:90%
is full of potential. It has the next disruptive

752
00:39:29.019 --> 00:39:31.239 A:middle L:90%
technology. It has the next disruptive idea. It

753
00:39:31.239 --> 00:39:34.510 A:middle L:90%
has the next transistor it has, it is the

754
00:39:34.510 --> 00:39:42.150 A:middle L:90%
next blacks one. Thank you very much. Okay

755
00:39:42.159 --> 00:39:45.019 A:middle L:90%
, time for questions I guess. And dialogue actually

756
00:39:45.019 --> 00:39:47.030 A:middle L:90%
more than question. The dialogue. Yeah, sure

757
00:39:47.719 --> 00:39:50.940 A:middle L:90%
. I will see your research for your research.

758
00:39:51.320 --> 00:39:54.139 A:middle L:90%
Energy, right? It's one of the topics my

759
00:39:54.139 --> 00:40:01.449 A:middle L:90%
own work is in nanotechnology at the intersection of intersection

760
00:40:01.449 --> 00:40:06.940 A:middle L:90%
with biology. So I'm mostly into nano bio interface

761
00:40:07.030 --> 00:40:10.030 A:middle L:90%
. Okay, so I'm trying to understand things that

762
00:40:10.030 --> 00:40:15.320 A:middle L:90%
a single cell level for example. You know,

763
00:40:15.320 --> 00:40:17.690 A:middle L:90%
again, my interest has been in cardiomyopathy, cardiovascular

764
00:40:17.690 --> 00:40:22.409 A:middle L:90%
disease and in cardiomyopathy. The ejection factor of the

765
00:40:22.409 --> 00:40:25.590 A:middle L:90%
heart goes goes down okay. And you know,

766
00:40:25.590 --> 00:40:28.809 A:middle L:90%
if you climb one step upstairs, you know you're

767
00:40:28.809 --> 00:40:31.619 A:middle L:90%
huffing and puffing. Uh so the I was just

768
00:40:31.630 --> 00:40:36.940 A:middle L:90%
working with the drug traffic cardio cardiology center and she

769
00:40:36.940 --> 00:40:39.320 A:middle L:90%
said, you know, we think that the capacity

770
00:40:39.320 --> 00:40:43.809 A:middle L:90%
, the mechanical capacity of these cells cardio vascular smooth

771
00:40:43.809 --> 00:40:47.389 A:middle L:90%
muscle cells goes down. And mutation takes place with

772
00:40:47.400 --> 00:40:52.139 A:middle L:90%
some jeans and it is most likely the culprit is

773
00:40:52.139 --> 00:40:54.190 A:middle L:90%
Dustman 21. And then that mutation takes place.

774
00:40:54.199 --> 00:40:57.699 A:middle L:90%
You know, the problem starts. I said,

775
00:40:57.699 --> 00:40:59.760 A:middle L:90%
no, we can check it out. So I

776
00:40:59.760 --> 00:41:01.960 A:middle L:90%
built a single cell stature. It's a small a

777
00:41:01.960 --> 00:41:06.130 A:middle L:90%
few 100 micron 100 migrants stature. And you know

778
00:41:06.130 --> 00:41:07.949 A:middle L:90%
, you can put a cell on this one uh

779
00:41:07.960 --> 00:41:10.940 A:middle L:90%
cardio vascular smooth muscle cell, you can stretch it

780
00:41:10.949 --> 00:41:14.239 A:middle L:90%
and you can see it's displacement. And you can

781
00:41:14.239 --> 00:41:16.650 A:middle L:90%
plot force versus displacement. Right? And now you

782
00:41:16.650 --> 00:41:20.239 A:middle L:90%
take a pathological cell and you do the same thing

783
00:41:20.610 --> 00:41:22.139 A:middle L:90%
. And the car was going to be different,

784
00:41:22.510 --> 00:41:23.889 A:middle L:90%
Right? And you will see yes, we tried

785
00:41:23.889 --> 00:41:29.989 A:middle L:90%
all the mutation investment 21 cause the maximum degradation in

786
00:41:29.989 --> 00:41:31.289 A:middle L:90%
the curve from a smooth muscle cells. So that

787
00:41:31.289 --> 00:41:34.340 A:middle L:90%
is the culprit. We proved it. So now

788
00:41:34.340 --> 00:41:36.400 A:middle L:90%
the question is you go to the pharmacist and tell

789
00:41:36.400 --> 00:41:37.289 A:middle L:90%
them, hey, give me the drug, what

790
00:41:37.289 --> 00:41:39.239 A:middle L:90%
do you think it's a potential drug? Well,

791
00:41:39.239 --> 00:41:42.420 A:middle L:90%
I can use the same drug on the same platform

792
00:41:42.429 --> 00:41:45.139 A:middle L:90%
and which our drug brings that curve to that of

793
00:41:45.139 --> 00:41:46.239 A:middle L:90%
the smooth muscle cells. That's the drug of choice

794
00:41:46.710 --> 00:41:49.570 A:middle L:90%
. We call this rat lab, R. A

795
00:41:49.570 --> 00:41:51.199 A:middle L:90%
. T rat lab so that we don't have to

796
00:41:51.199 --> 00:41:52.599 A:middle L:90%
work with rats. Don't have the problems that we

797
00:41:52.599 --> 00:41:54.659 A:middle L:90%
normally face when we try to work with rats.

798
00:41:54.670 --> 00:41:59.590 A:middle L:90%
So, so that's my nana by interface. And

799
00:41:59.590 --> 00:42:00.260 A:middle L:90%
just one more example there is, you know,

800
00:42:00.260 --> 00:42:02.590 A:middle L:90%
we have been looking at we have made something called

801
00:42:02.590 --> 00:42:07.630 A:middle L:90%
nano knife. It's about a few nanometers in diameter

802
00:42:07.639 --> 00:42:09.920 A:middle L:90%
, 3 to 5 nanometers in diameter, very small

803
00:42:09.929 --> 00:42:12.610 A:middle L:90%
and a nanometer. All of you know, it's

804
00:42:12.610 --> 00:42:15.190 A:middle L:90%
a billionth of a meter. My single strand of

805
00:42:15.190 --> 00:42:17.639 A:middle L:90%
here is damages 10, 10,000 times more than a

806
00:42:17.639 --> 00:42:21.329 A:middle L:90%
nanometer. So we are making 3 to 5 nanometer

807
00:42:21.340 --> 00:42:24.630 A:middle L:90%
uh white knives. Now I can take that night

808
00:42:24.639 --> 00:42:28.960 A:middle L:90%
and I can actually do class sectioning of cells and

809
00:42:28.960 --> 00:42:30.900 A:middle L:90%
I can see them at that level. Right,

810
00:42:30.909 --> 00:42:32.769 A:middle L:90%
So my my own research right now is more at

811
00:42:32.769 --> 00:42:37.269 A:middle L:90%
the nano bio. Although my previous life in a

812
00:42:37.280 --> 00:42:39.130 A:middle L:90%
university of colorado, I did a lot of work

813
00:42:39.130 --> 00:42:43.599 A:middle L:90%
on energy and thermal management because I came from the

814
00:42:43.610 --> 00:42:45.190 A:middle L:90%
Bell Laboratories. So we're making chips and one of

815
00:42:45.190 --> 00:42:46.780 A:middle L:90%
the problems in the chips is how you take the

816
00:42:46.780 --> 00:42:50.309 A:middle L:90%
heat away. So I was working on thermal management

817
00:42:50.320 --> 00:42:52.739 A:middle L:90%
but now I'm looking at the nano solutions for thermal

818
00:42:52.739 --> 00:42:57.050 A:middle L:90%
manager. Sure. So I've been thinking a lot

819
00:42:57.059 --> 00:43:06.019 A:middle L:90%
about how can we prove boot and help maintain that

820
00:43:06.030 --> 00:43:12.320 A:middle L:90%
creativity and innovation, innovative nature that Children have it

821
00:43:13.099 --> 00:43:15.039 A:middle L:90%
and we, we tend in our educational system to

822
00:43:15.050 --> 00:43:20.360 A:middle L:90%
train them out of it, particularly in the stem

823
00:43:20.360 --> 00:43:24.579 A:middle L:90%
field. Um, so I'm wondering if, because

824
00:43:24.579 --> 00:43:29.000 A:middle L:90%
we talk about like pipeline issues and stem and we

825
00:43:29.000 --> 00:43:31.130 A:middle L:90%
need more degrees in these areas, but that's not

826
00:43:31.130 --> 00:43:35.619 A:middle L:90%
really true. We need a different kind of output

827
00:43:36.099 --> 00:43:38.219 A:middle L:90%
, we need more creativity, we need more innovation

828
00:43:38.699 --> 00:43:44.130 A:middle L:90%
and but how do we keep kind of that child

829
00:43:44.130 --> 00:43:50.039 A:middle L:90%
like kind of attitude thought process while giving people the

830
00:43:50.039 --> 00:43:53.320 A:middle L:90%
foundational expertise? They need to be successful because that's

831
00:43:53.320 --> 00:43:58.000 A:middle L:90%
not really what we're doing now. Good question.

832
00:43:58.000 --> 00:44:00.769 A:middle L:90%
And let me just again start with a story from

833
00:44:00.780 --> 00:44:02.199 A:middle L:90%
Bell Laboratories, you know, the most amazing thing

834
00:44:02.199 --> 00:44:06.250 A:middle L:90%
at the Bell Labs, We had a total budget

835
00:44:06.250 --> 00:44:10.510 A:middle L:90%
of$2.7 billion 1976. And I joined the laps

836
00:44:12.590 --> 00:44:19.369 A:middle L:90%
and the the budget for unencumbered untargeted research, Why

837
00:44:19.369 --> 00:44:22.320 A:middle L:90%
does it happen anyway? That kind of research was

838
00:44:22.320 --> 00:44:27.010 A:middle L:90%
only 8.9%,,$250 million dollars in Murray Hill.

839
00:44:27.389 --> 00:44:31.030 A:middle L:90%
And it is out of that basic untargeted, unencumbered

840
00:44:31.030 --> 00:44:36.760 A:middle L:90%
research That Bell Laboratories produced eight Nobel Prize winners And

841
00:44:36.760 --> 00:44:39.809 A:middle L:90%
they were awarded one patent a day in its history

842
00:44:40.389 --> 00:44:45.730 A:middle L:90%
, keeping that innovation creativity possible. So I think

843
00:44:45.730 --> 00:44:47.650 A:middle L:90%
we have to bring that even in our own academia

844
00:44:49.489 --> 00:44:53.230 A:middle L:90%
, the idea of unencumbered untargeted research, because we

845
00:44:53.230 --> 00:44:58.219 A:middle L:90%
are so much right now focused on writing proposals.

846
00:44:58.590 --> 00:45:00.010 A:middle L:90%
You know, the we have to survive, we

847
00:45:00.010 --> 00:45:01.590 A:middle L:90%
have to get our summer salary, we have to

848
00:45:01.590 --> 00:45:05.719 A:middle L:90%
feed our PhD students. And so what happens is

849
00:45:05.719 --> 00:45:06.989 A:middle L:90%
, you know, we are right now, we

850
00:45:06.989 --> 00:45:10.559 A:middle L:90%
don't have time to do that unencumbered, untargeted research

851
00:45:10.869 --> 00:45:14.670 A:middle L:90%
. Right? So I think one thing to keep

852
00:45:14.670 --> 00:45:17.849 A:middle L:90%
that curiosity is to bring the undergraduate students, the

853
00:45:17.849 --> 00:45:22.559 A:middle L:90%
graduate students and the faculty members okay together, in

854
00:45:22.559 --> 00:45:29.230 A:middle L:90%
a vertically integrated framework where we can just not have

855
00:45:29.239 --> 00:45:31.050 A:middle L:90%
a particular topic to discuss about, but we can

856
00:45:31.050 --> 00:45:34.809 A:middle L:90%
just simply, as I said, mhm, what

857
00:45:34.809 --> 00:45:36.409 A:middle L:90%
is the new thing that we want to do?

858
00:45:36.989 --> 00:45:39.269 A:middle L:90%
We do? One thing was called the deep dive

859
00:45:39.280 --> 00:45:43.250 A:middle L:90%
with our studio and what we do there is we

860
00:45:43.250 --> 00:45:47.440 A:middle L:90%
give us some problem to students and we say Coke

861
00:45:47.449 --> 00:45:50.809 A:middle L:90%
and Pete Salvo is pretty bad. It will be

862
00:45:50.809 --> 00:45:52.579 A:middle L:90%
provided to you, but the studio is locked in

863
00:45:52.590 --> 00:45:54.820 A:middle L:90%
the next 24 hours to find a solution to this

864
00:45:54.820 --> 00:46:00.119 A:middle L:90%
problem. It works pretty well, it works pretty

865
00:46:00.119 --> 00:46:04.619 A:middle L:90%
well, right? So I think Mike Bill Gates

866
00:46:04.619 --> 00:46:07.360 A:middle L:90%
said one Microsoft guy, he said well you know

867
00:46:07.369 --> 00:46:08.340 A:middle L:90%
you really have to put the attention, you have

868
00:46:08.340 --> 00:46:12.389 A:middle L:90%
to put that stress and then you know sometimes the

869
00:46:12.389 --> 00:46:15.079 A:middle L:90%
creativity comes along. So I think we need to

870
00:46:15.079 --> 00:46:19.440 A:middle L:90%
make this as a part of our curriculum Right from

871
00:46:19.440 --> 00:46:22.840 A:middle L:90%
day one in the freshman year where we can say

872
00:46:22.840 --> 00:46:24.519 A:middle L:90%
that you know there will be some part of your

873
00:46:24.519 --> 00:46:28.139 A:middle L:90%
course work where we are going to bring you together

874
00:46:28.309 --> 00:46:32.030 A:middle L:90%
to explore the unexplored to predict the unpredictable And I

875
00:46:32.030 --> 00:46:36.349 A:middle L:90%
think we, our curriculum is so tight. I

876
00:46:36.349 --> 00:46:38.130 A:middle L:90%
know an engineer so tight we have 100 33 credit

877
00:46:38.130 --> 00:46:40.929 A:middle L:90%
hours and boy you try to take one course out

878
00:46:40.929 --> 00:46:44.289 A:middle L:90%
and put something in. It's not an easy job

879
00:46:44.289 --> 00:46:45.519 A:middle L:90%
but I think we had there is a need for

880
00:46:45.519 --> 00:46:49.809 A:middle L:90%
changing the whole curriculum answer to your question I just

881
00:46:49.809 --> 00:46:52.030 A:middle L:90%
presented at the last conference on mindfulness. He said

882
00:46:52.039 --> 00:46:59.530 A:middle L:90%
engineering 2029 And the reason I picked up 2029,

883
00:46:59.539 --> 00:47:02.739 A:middle L:90%
a student entering our university will be in 2025 for

884
00:47:02.739 --> 00:47:07.139 A:middle L:90%
engineering and I went 12 years from back 2013.

885
00:47:07.139 --> 00:47:09.099 A:middle L:90%
Is the students K through 12. So I said

886
00:47:09.110 --> 00:47:12.530 A:middle L:90%
I want a student in 2020 who will be an

887
00:47:12.530 --> 00:47:15.320 A:middle L:90%
engineer in 2029, but I want to go back

888
00:47:15.320 --> 00:47:16.389 A:middle L:90%
to K through 12 right now. Okay, so

889
00:47:16.389 --> 00:47:19.480 A:middle L:90%
I think we need to bring that thing together.

890
00:47:19.489 --> 00:47:22.449 A:middle L:90%
What will our society need? What will our society

891
00:47:22.449 --> 00:47:25.130 A:middle L:90%
need in 2029? And the population of the world

892
00:47:25.130 --> 00:47:29.210 A:middle L:90%
is maybe nine billion? What are the water needs

893
00:47:29.219 --> 00:47:30.289 A:middle L:90%
? What are the energy needs? How many gallons

894
00:47:30.289 --> 00:47:32.530 A:middle L:90%
of fresh water per person? How many BTUs per

895
00:47:32.530 --> 00:47:35.980 A:middle L:90%
hour per person. We know that's where we have

896
00:47:35.980 --> 00:47:37.300 A:middle L:90%
to be. We know where we are. We

897
00:47:37.300 --> 00:47:40.230 A:middle L:90%
know the gap now, how can we use creative

898
00:47:40.230 --> 00:47:43.599 A:middle L:90%
juices to fill that gap. So I think if

899
00:47:43.599 --> 00:47:45.329 A:middle L:90%
you give the students, that's my own experience,

900
00:47:45.329 --> 00:47:49.539 A:middle L:90%
if you give the students a big problem that they

901
00:47:49.539 --> 00:47:51.440 A:middle L:90%
can wrap their, you know, maybe not the

902
00:47:51.440 --> 00:47:52.909 A:middle L:90%
solution, but I see that as a problem.

903
00:47:53.380 --> 00:47:57.190 A:middle L:90%
How do we provide fresh water so many gallons per

904
00:47:57.190 --> 00:48:00.849 A:middle L:90%
water for 8.9 billion people, Right? And they

905
00:48:00.849 --> 00:48:01.940 A:middle L:90%
say, yeah, I'm motivated, I want to

906
00:48:01.940 --> 00:48:04.829 A:middle L:90%
come with new solutions. I want to have that

907
00:48:04.829 --> 00:48:07.809 A:middle L:90%
creativity and I want to say, man, I

908
00:48:07.820 --> 00:48:12.559 A:middle L:90%
was able to impact.1 of that problem, but

909
00:48:12.559 --> 00:48:14.750 A:middle L:90%
it's a big problem. So I think we don't

910
00:48:14.750 --> 00:48:16.400 A:middle L:90%
give our students, we don't inspire our students.

911
00:48:16.400 --> 00:48:20.369 A:middle L:90%
We don't give our students that big problem that they

912
00:48:20.369 --> 00:48:22.940 A:middle L:90%
can relate to. I'm, you know, it's

913
00:48:22.940 --> 00:48:23.949 A:middle L:90%
not a cliche to say we're going to solve the

914
00:48:23.949 --> 00:48:25.510 A:middle L:90%
problems of the world. Yeah. We're not going

915
00:48:25.510 --> 00:48:28.989 A:middle L:90%
to solve the problems of the world. But if

916
00:48:28.989 --> 00:48:31.260 A:middle L:90%
the student thinks That I'm going to make an impact

917
00:48:31.260 --> 00:48:37.079 A:middle L:90%
even on 1000 of that problem solution is motivated and

918
00:48:37.079 --> 00:48:38.110 A:middle L:90%
the creativity comes along. So the answer to your

919
00:48:38.110 --> 00:48:42.539 A:middle L:90%
question in my mind would be to bring that big

920
00:48:42.539 --> 00:48:45.199 A:middle L:90%
problem, those big problems and put them in focus

921
00:48:45.210 --> 00:48:47.539 A:middle L:90%
. Let me say you will do it. Just

922
00:48:47.539 --> 00:48:55.989 A:middle L:90%
wondering if in these intersections, how is house?

923
00:48:57.570 --> 00:49:02.760 A:middle L:90%
Uh huh the visible making things visible influence. And

924
00:49:02.760 --> 00:49:07.829 A:middle L:90%
I'm talking now about animation. So the intersection of

925
00:49:07.840 --> 00:49:15.599 A:middle L:90%
mathematics and art to animate. Yeah, yeah.

926
00:49:15.610 --> 00:49:17.599 A:middle L:90%
Actually it plays a pretty big role, you know

927
00:49:17.610 --> 00:49:21.480 A:middle L:90%
, with the ICHAt with Ben nap, our other

928
00:49:21.480 --> 00:49:23.780 A:middle L:90%
institute Institute for Creative Art and Technology and nick to

929
00:49:23.780 --> 00:49:27.800 A:middle L:90%
so we are actually going to go for an engineering

930
00:49:27.800 --> 00:49:31.829 A:middle L:90%
research center proposal averages talking earlier And these are most

931
00:49:31.829 --> 00:49:37.699 A:middle L:90%
prestigious awards for engineering. For example, these are

932
00:49:37.699 --> 00:49:39.960 A:middle L:90%
like$52,000 million dollars grand's. And the idea is

933
00:49:39.960 --> 00:49:43.829 A:middle L:90%
will fundamentally change the way we look at that technology

934
00:49:43.829 --> 00:49:46.050 A:middle L:90%
of the society through this one. So our basic

935
00:49:46.050 --> 00:49:49.190 A:middle L:90%
idea is very simple, very close to what you're

936
00:49:49.190 --> 00:49:51.690 A:middle L:90%
saying. So Ben, Ben and I sat together

937
00:49:51.690 --> 00:49:52.280 A:middle L:90%
and we said, you know, look we have

938
00:49:52.280 --> 00:49:54.889 A:middle L:90%
data analytics. We know data mining, the big

939
00:49:54.889 --> 00:49:59.989 A:middle L:90%
data and we know data visualization, we do that

940
00:50:00.559 --> 00:50:02.699 A:middle L:90%
. And persons like Echo and some other folks in

941
00:50:02.699 --> 00:50:06.679 A:middle L:90%
our music department. They also do data certification.

942
00:50:07.059 --> 00:50:09.219 A:middle L:90%
All right. So we bring this sound and the

943
00:50:09.219 --> 00:50:15.380 A:middle L:90%
visual and the analytics together. Combination of them.

944
00:50:15.760 --> 00:50:19.880 A:middle L:90%
Will it allow us to uncover or discover some information

945
00:50:19.889 --> 00:50:22.820 A:middle L:90%
which we couldn't see when we look at each one

946
00:50:22.820 --> 00:50:25.469 A:middle L:90%
of them individually. Will I have, well they

947
00:50:25.469 --> 00:50:30.969 A:middle L:90%
have a Eureka moment really sort of trigger that brought

948
00:50:30.969 --> 00:50:34.070 A:middle L:90%
out that part of the brain is when I see

949
00:50:34.070 --> 00:50:37.670 A:middle L:90%
them together through the sound, through the analysis through

950
00:50:37.670 --> 00:50:39.429 A:middle L:90%
the visuals. Yeah, I get the kernel of

951
00:50:39.429 --> 00:50:44.179 A:middle L:90%
truth. All right. I see the reality as

952
00:50:44.190 --> 00:50:46.030 A:middle L:90%
it is right. We call it you know,

953
00:50:46.030 --> 00:50:49.559 A:middle L:90%
just in the conference we'll call it calling it mindfulness

954
00:50:49.570 --> 00:50:52.119 A:middle L:90%
that you know you see the reality as as it

955
00:50:52.119 --> 00:50:55.469 A:middle L:90%
is Uncluttered. So maybe bringing these things together the

956
00:50:55.480 --> 00:50:59.699 A:middle L:90%
role of visualization and then for engineers, the role

957
00:50:59.699 --> 00:51:02.900 A:middle L:90%
of analytics and then for all of us are affected

958
00:51:02.900 --> 00:51:06.329 A:middle L:90%
by music by sound. And if we do it

959
00:51:06.329 --> 00:51:09.510 A:middle L:90%
right. My my hypothesis, my thesis is will

960
00:51:09.519 --> 00:51:15.500 A:middle L:90%
uncover information either much faster than which we would have

961
00:51:15.500 --> 00:51:19.599 A:middle L:90%
done otherwise or we will uncover new information that wouldn't

962
00:51:19.599 --> 00:51:22.579 A:middle L:90%
have been possible without them because of the visual piece

963
00:51:22.579 --> 00:51:25.250 A:middle L:90%
, the sound piece. Everything together. Are you

964
00:51:25.260 --> 00:51:29.570 A:middle L:90%
doing? Could you describe this sort of thing as

965
00:51:30.159 --> 00:51:36.320 A:middle L:90%
multi dimensional lateral thinking? Yeah. Well, you

966
00:51:36.320 --> 00:51:39.719 A:middle L:90%
know, it's pretty close. Yeah, yeah,

967
00:51:39.730 --> 00:51:43.079 A:middle L:90%
yeah. And dimensional now. Yeah, I'm glad

968
00:51:43.079 --> 00:51:46.260 A:middle L:90%
you didn't say four right? But the temporal thing

969
00:51:46.260 --> 00:51:47.929 A:middle L:90%
and then, you know, bringing the music and

970
00:51:47.929 --> 00:51:50.940 A:middle L:90%
the sound, uh, by the way, you

971
00:51:50.940 --> 00:51:55.530 A:middle L:90%
know, the in indian classical music in the ragas

972
00:51:55.849 --> 00:52:01.070 A:middle L:90%
that they play, how smart, how good a

973
00:52:01.070 --> 00:52:06.389 A:middle L:90%
master is is judged by whether he can take the

974
00:52:06.389 --> 00:52:09.469 A:middle L:90%
classic raga, classic notes and do all kinds of

975
00:52:09.469 --> 00:52:14.739 A:middle L:90%
variations to this and still keep the basic, remember

976
00:52:14.739 --> 00:52:17.940 A:middle L:90%
that we talked about the attractor, it's going to

977
00:52:17.940 --> 00:52:20.659 A:middle L:90%
be on that one. But hey, I'm going

978
00:52:20.659 --> 00:52:22.320 A:middle L:90%
to do all kinds of innovative variations. You know

979
00:52:22.320 --> 00:52:24.280 A:middle L:90%
, ravi shankar was known for that and a lot

980
00:52:24.280 --> 00:52:28.329 A:middle L:90%
of other masters were known for that. So the

981
00:52:28.329 --> 00:52:30.969 A:middle L:90%
idea in terms of, you know, the music

982
00:52:30.969 --> 00:52:34.360 A:middle L:90%
also just not the visual, but now imagine you're

983
00:52:34.360 --> 00:52:37.019 A:middle L:90%
listening to it and then you're also looking at some

984
00:52:37.019 --> 00:52:39.369 A:middle L:90%
visuals to go with that, which will capture this

985
00:52:39.750 --> 00:52:44.179 A:middle L:90%
, like in uh what Dupont Gardens, I think

986
00:52:44.190 --> 00:52:45.750 A:middle L:90%
some gardens and Delaware, you know, you go

987
00:52:45.750 --> 00:52:49.550 A:middle L:90%
in the evening, beautiful gardens and then in the

988
00:52:49.550 --> 00:52:51.780 A:middle L:90%
evening the fountains come along and then the music comes

989
00:52:51.780 --> 00:52:53.710 A:middle L:90%
along and the height of the fountain goes with the

990
00:52:53.710 --> 00:52:57.880 A:middle L:90%
music, if it is better one symphony and you

991
00:52:57.880 --> 00:53:00.449 A:middle L:90%
know, when the music around around and suddenly all

992
00:53:00.449 --> 00:53:02.199 A:middle L:90%
these guys are going up right, But it really

993
00:53:02.210 --> 00:53:07.380 A:middle L:90%
creates, it actually invokes some neurons in your brain

994
00:53:07.860 --> 00:53:09.139 A:middle L:90%
, but start thinking and looking at things differently.

995
00:53:09.360 --> 00:53:15.599 A:middle L:90%
So, Absolutely right. Multidimensional and dimensional, not

996
00:53:15.599 --> 00:53:20.869 A:middle L:90%
three dimensional, not for dimensional and dimensional. Yeah

997
00:53:22.650 --> 00:53:25.250 A:middle L:90%
. Okay, Okay, so you mentioned kind of

998
00:53:25.250 --> 00:53:30.880 A:middle L:90%
this unencumbered funding and support for that, and I

999
00:53:31.550 --> 00:53:36.940 A:middle L:90%
I wonder because the way our universe is structured right

1000
00:53:36.949 --> 00:53:40.480 A:middle L:90%
now, it's this is the problem. I'm giving

1001
00:53:40.480 --> 00:53:44.710 A:middle L:90%
you money. Yes. All right, address this

1002
00:53:44.719 --> 00:53:46.869 A:middle L:90%
question. And before you start addressing the question,

1003
00:53:46.869 --> 00:53:49.730 A:middle L:90%
you have to prove to me that you can address

1004
00:53:49.730 --> 00:53:52.389 A:middle L:90%
the question. Sure. And and we tend to

1005
00:53:52.400 --> 00:53:57.639 A:middle L:90%
use traditional ways of doing that Part of I'm going

1006
00:53:57.639 --> 00:53:59.380 A:middle L:90%
to call this a movement. So part of the

1007
00:53:59.389 --> 00:54:04.889 A:middle L:90%
movement that we need to make is getting other people

1008
00:54:04.889 --> 00:54:07.769 A:middle L:90%
to hear the value and understand that the risk is

1009
00:54:07.780 --> 00:54:10.119 A:middle L:90%
worth it. So, this is a two part

1010
00:54:10.119 --> 00:54:13.989 A:middle L:90%
question. How do we sell it? And then

1011
00:54:13.989 --> 00:54:15.510 A:middle L:90%
while we're selling it, how do we prepare?

1012
00:54:15.510 --> 00:54:21.570 A:middle L:90%
Not just kind of the government, the funding agencies

1013
00:54:21.579 --> 00:54:23.469 A:middle L:90%
, the community at large, but how do we

1014
00:54:23.469 --> 00:54:30.239 A:middle L:90%
get current scholars to be ready to hear given how

1015
00:54:30.250 --> 00:54:35.010 A:middle L:90%
disciplining early entrenched we are. Well, the good

1016
00:54:35.010 --> 00:54:37.840 A:middle L:90%
news is that things are happening. Okay. I

1017
00:54:37.840 --> 00:54:39.679 A:middle L:90%
remember one engineer came to me, I was still

1018
00:54:39.679 --> 00:54:43.780 A:middle L:90%
at CRC at that time and he said, you

1019
00:54:43.780 --> 00:54:45.500 A:middle L:90%
know, I'm looking for a faculty position, an

1020
00:54:45.500 --> 00:54:50.090 A:middle L:90%
electrical engineer. And I think, uh, I'm

1021
00:54:50.090 --> 00:54:52.489 A:middle L:90%
just trying to see what you do. And I

1022
00:54:52.489 --> 00:54:53.059 A:middle L:90%
said, you know, before I go any further

1023
00:54:53.059 --> 00:54:54.340 A:middle L:90%
, why do you think I should hire you?

1024
00:54:54.349 --> 00:54:57.119 A:middle L:90%
Why should, why should we hire? Just give

1025
00:54:57.119 --> 00:55:00.090 A:middle L:90%
me one reason? And I think I had a

1026
00:55:00.099 --> 00:55:01.739 A:middle L:90%
, let's say, a copy on my desk on

1027
00:55:01.739 --> 00:55:04.780 A:middle L:90%
my table and he said, I'm going to make

1028
00:55:04.780 --> 00:55:07.940 A:middle L:90%
that dancing invisible. So if I can make that

1029
00:55:07.940 --> 00:55:09.820 A:middle L:90%
invisible, will you hire me? I said yes

1030
00:55:09.820 --> 00:55:13.000 A:middle L:90%
right away. Right. And then, you know

1031
00:55:13.000 --> 00:55:15.019 A:middle L:90%
, of course it was very simple when he explained

1032
00:55:15.019 --> 00:55:15.400 A:middle L:90%
it to me and I said, dan, why

1033
00:55:15.400 --> 00:55:17.099 A:middle L:90%
didn't I think of that? He said, you

1034
00:55:17.099 --> 00:55:21.059 A:middle L:90%
know, you can only see in.32.7 micron range

1035
00:55:21.070 --> 00:55:23.019 A:middle L:90%
, that's our visible range. So he said,

1036
00:55:23.019 --> 00:55:24.880 A:middle L:90%
all I'm going to do is I'm going to put

1037
00:55:24.880 --> 00:55:28.340 A:middle L:90%
waves around it which are beyond your visible wavelength and

1038
00:55:28.340 --> 00:55:30.420 A:middle L:90%
I'm going to make it invisible. Right. Of

1039
00:55:30.420 --> 00:55:31.260 A:middle L:90%
course, there is a lot more going behind that

1040
00:55:31.639 --> 00:55:35.059 A:middle L:90%
. But you know again, So there are people

1041
00:55:35.440 --> 00:55:38.230 A:middle L:90%
and the idea I found that if you tell them

1042
00:55:38.230 --> 00:55:40.440 A:middle L:90%
that we have an outlaw club, When we are

1043
00:55:40.440 --> 00:55:44.010 A:middle L:90%
hiring the younger young faculty that you know, you

1044
00:55:44.010 --> 00:55:46.280 A:middle L:90%
will get$10,000 to pursue your passion, pursue your

1045
00:55:46.280 --> 00:55:50.199 A:middle L:90%
hobby. Okay, We have a mechanism where we

1046
00:55:50.199 --> 00:55:53.139 A:middle L:90%
can give you some money to follow your hobby.

1047
00:55:53.440 --> 00:55:55.639 A:middle L:90%
It may not be related to electrical engineering, it

1048
00:55:55.639 --> 00:55:58.519 A:middle L:90%
may not be related to math, it may not

1049
00:55:58.519 --> 00:56:02.260 A:middle L:90%
be related to physics are even philosophy and they say

1050
00:56:02.530 --> 00:56:05.929 A:middle L:90%
this is an attractive place to come. So I

1051
00:56:05.929 --> 00:56:07.840 A:middle L:90%
think we are trying to do that at that institution

1052
00:56:07.840 --> 00:56:10.619 A:middle L:90%
level. So I have set aside some percentage of

1053
00:56:10.619 --> 00:56:13.800 A:middle L:90%
my money, it's not even 8.9%, which was

1054
00:56:13.800 --> 00:56:15.789 A:middle L:90%
at Bell Labs, but five of my discretionary funds

1055
00:56:15.789 --> 00:56:22.139 A:middle L:90%
have set aside for unencumbered untargeted research at the NSF

1056
00:56:22.150 --> 00:56:23.500 A:middle L:90%
. I'm fortunately I'm part of one of those clubs

1057
00:56:23.500 --> 00:56:25.650 A:middle L:90%
, you know there is called the big two nano

1058
00:56:25.650 --> 00:56:30.179 A:middle L:90%
bio info carbon or 2.0. So you know,

1059
00:56:30.179 --> 00:56:32.400 A:middle L:90%
I've been sort of part of that one and there

1060
00:56:32.400 --> 00:56:37.039 A:middle L:90%
the idea is to look at transformative research. The

1061
00:56:37.039 --> 00:56:40.059 A:middle L:90%
big buzzword these days at NSF and NIH is transformative

1062
00:56:40.059 --> 00:56:43.280 A:middle L:90%
research. Well, you know, what does transformation

1063
00:56:43.280 --> 00:56:45.449 A:middle L:90%
mean? Right. Well it's fundamentally going to change

1064
00:56:45.449 --> 00:56:46.789 A:middle L:90%
the way we look at it is the transformative,

1065
00:56:46.789 --> 00:56:51.710 A:middle L:90%
it's paradigm shift. And I think the previous director

1066
00:56:51.710 --> 00:56:54.519 A:middle L:90%
of NSF, who unfortunately, um now moved to

1067
00:56:54.519 --> 00:56:58.179 A:middle L:90%
Carnegie Mellon as president. He didn't finish his even

1068
00:56:58.179 --> 00:57:00.780 A:middle L:90%
six year term in the third year removed, but

1069
00:57:00.780 --> 00:57:02.849 A:middle L:90%
he was focusing on this on incumbent on target research

1070
00:57:04.429 --> 00:57:07.070 A:middle L:90%
. The problem was as follows. Even when you

1071
00:57:07.070 --> 00:57:12.119 A:middle L:90%
tell the faculty in the blood agency announcement that we

1072
00:57:12.119 --> 00:57:15.460 A:middle L:90%
are looking for transformative, high risk, high do

1073
00:57:15.460 --> 00:57:17.679 A:middle L:90%
our research. They know for sure, at least

1074
00:57:17.679 --> 00:57:21.860 A:middle L:90%
in their minds that the reviewers are still the same

1075
00:57:21.860 --> 00:57:23.780 A:middle L:90%
old reviewers. And when they look at the proposal

1076
00:57:23.780 --> 00:57:25.030 A:middle L:90%
, they are still going to say, this is

1077
00:57:25.030 --> 00:57:28.480 A:middle L:90%
a crazy idea. Don't find it, right?

1078
00:57:28.489 --> 00:57:30.440 A:middle L:90%
So that's the problem. So, you know,

1079
00:57:30.440 --> 00:57:31.610 A:middle L:90%
we're trying to change the culture, even our different

1080
00:57:31.610 --> 00:57:35.340 A:middle L:90%
agencies. But some of the fault lies with us

1081
00:57:35.829 --> 00:57:37.900 A:middle L:90%
, you know, as faculty, as researchers.

1082
00:57:37.329 --> 00:57:40.840 A:middle L:90%
We don't these days take risk to go beyond.

1083
00:57:42.329 --> 00:57:44.550 A:middle L:90%
But the question is, if you're a full professor

1084
00:57:45.030 --> 00:57:46.599 A:middle L:90%
, if you are tangled, what in the world

1085
00:57:46.599 --> 00:57:50.960 A:middle L:90%
is the risk? Right? So, you know

1086
00:57:50.960 --> 00:57:51.929 A:middle L:90%
, I I, you know, we have to

1087
00:57:51.929 --> 00:57:53.780 A:middle L:90%
change that piece, right? I remember going to

1088
00:57:53.789 --> 00:57:57.179 A:middle L:90%
Harvard University and I was talking to Dean of the

1089
00:57:57.179 --> 00:58:00.139 A:middle L:90%
college of your name and I said, you know

1090
00:58:00.139 --> 00:58:01.860 A:middle L:90%
, let's do something together on nanotechnology. He said

1091
00:58:01.860 --> 00:58:04.000 A:middle L:90%
, why? I said, I will go for

1092
00:58:04.000 --> 00:58:06.179 A:middle L:90%
a big proposal. And he said, well,

1093
00:58:06.179 --> 00:58:07.929 A:middle L:90%
you know, that's not how we operate. What

1094
00:58:07.929 --> 00:58:08.139 A:middle L:90%
do you mean? This is not how you operate

1095
00:58:08.139 --> 00:58:10.550 A:middle L:90%
. Don't you go for lots of money from NSF

1096
00:58:10.550 --> 00:58:13.389 A:middle L:90%
NIH? He said, no, we have pretty

1097
00:58:13.389 --> 00:58:15.539 A:middle L:90%
big endowment, but that was not the main point

1098
00:58:15.719 --> 00:58:16.289 A:middle L:90%
. But his point, he said, actually,

1099
00:58:16.289 --> 00:58:20.250 A:middle L:90%
we expect our full professors, how many of you

1100
00:58:20.250 --> 00:58:23.079 A:middle L:90%
are full professors here. Okay. But he said

1101
00:58:23.090 --> 00:58:27.760 A:middle L:90%
, we expect our full professors not to write more

1102
00:58:27.760 --> 00:58:30.469 A:middle L:90%
than one paper a year and that paper better be

1103
00:58:30.469 --> 00:58:34.780 A:middle L:90%
paradigm shift paper. We don't want all these papers

1104
00:58:34.780 --> 00:58:37.820 A:middle L:90%
to be you know more paper to read. So

1105
00:58:37.820 --> 00:58:40.369 A:middle L:90%
I mean the focuses on quality that focuses on paradigm

1106
00:58:40.369 --> 00:58:45.139 A:middle L:90%
shift. So some universities, you know actually Harvard

1107
00:58:45.139 --> 00:58:49.099 A:middle L:90%
and MIT that they're not there because of because there

1108
00:58:49.099 --> 00:58:50.650 A:middle L:90%
just happened to be there, there are certain things

1109
00:58:50.650 --> 00:58:53.210 A:middle L:90%
they do which propels them into that category. I

1110
00:58:53.210 --> 00:58:55.619 A:middle L:90%
went to Princeton University again, same thing I used

1111
00:58:55.619 --> 00:58:59.719 A:middle L:90%
to be there. So uh I used to you

1112
00:58:59.719 --> 00:59:00.739 A:middle L:90%
know work with them when I was in bed labs

1113
00:59:00.750 --> 00:59:04.199 A:middle L:90%
. So I think there are certain things we can

1114
00:59:04.199 --> 00:59:07.719 A:middle L:90%
do but cultures change very slowly but I think we

1115
00:59:07.719 --> 00:59:09.550 A:middle L:90%
are in the process of some of these institutes but

1116
00:59:09.559 --> 00:59:12.659 A:middle L:90%
you know, I think we are into the Virginia

1117
00:59:12.659 --> 00:59:14.989 A:middle L:90%
Tech has done a very good job in focusing on

1118
00:59:14.989 --> 00:59:16.760 A:middle L:90%
some of the interdisciplinary things and I think I I

1119
00:59:16.760 --> 00:59:20.429 A:middle L:90%
see some changes since I have come and I think

1120
00:59:20.429 --> 00:59:22.869 A:middle L:90%
things are happening because with NSF, when I asked

1121
00:59:22.869 --> 00:59:25.989 A:middle L:90%
them about the undergraduate, it's still about number.

1122
00:59:27.000 --> 00:59:29.820 A:middle L:90%
Yeah, I know how many do we have in

1123
00:59:29.820 --> 00:59:34.420 A:middle L:90%
the pipeline? Just because 100,000 people in the pipeline

1124
00:59:35.000 --> 00:59:37.719 A:middle L:90%
doesn't mean you're going to get anything kind of shiny

1125
00:59:37.719 --> 00:59:39.849 A:middle L:90%
in the end. Yeah, no, absolutely right

1126
00:59:39.860 --> 00:59:42.860 A:middle L:90%
. And I think, but I think they understand

1127
00:59:42.860 --> 00:59:49.730 A:middle L:90%
it and there is a need for, basically in

1128
00:59:49.730 --> 00:59:52.090 A:middle L:90%
my mind, it's really in the academia, if

1129
00:59:52.090 --> 00:59:54.289 A:middle L:90%
we can't do in the universities where we have so

1130
00:59:54.289 --> 00:59:57.260 A:middle L:90%
much freedom to do certain things, I don't know

1131
00:59:57.260 --> 01:00:00.829 A:middle L:90%
where we'll do it. Uh you know, people

1132
01:00:00.829 --> 01:00:02.230 A:middle L:90%
are now trying to create bell labs 2.0 and all

1133
01:00:02.230 --> 01:00:05.429 A:middle L:90%
that, but it's not gonna be possible. You

1134
01:00:05.429 --> 01:00:07.159 A:middle L:90%
know, things don't happen like that. We're not

1135
01:00:07.159 --> 01:00:09.889 A:middle L:90%
going to have an 80 antimonopoly anymore. Uh we

1136
01:00:09.889 --> 01:00:12.630 A:middle L:90%
don't have, we're not going to have a company

1137
01:00:12.630 --> 01:00:15.929 A:middle L:90%
which had one million employees and we provided telephone to

1138
01:00:15.929 --> 01:00:16.369 A:middle L:90%
everybody. So, you know, that's not going

1139
01:00:16.369 --> 01:00:20.420 A:middle L:90%
to happen. So I think the place where we

1140
01:00:20.420 --> 01:00:22.929 A:middle L:90%
can do an incumbent, untargeted, curiosity driven,

1141
01:00:23.110 --> 01:00:27.219 A:middle L:90%
high risk, high reward paradigm shift in the creative

1142
01:00:27.219 --> 01:00:30.900 A:middle L:90%
innovative technologies or science or ideas is in the academia

1143
01:00:30.610 --> 01:00:32.429 A:middle L:90%
. And one of the ways of doing that is

1144
01:00:32.570 --> 01:00:36.820 A:middle L:90%
to create those intersections. So maybe my answer to

1145
01:00:36.820 --> 01:00:37.949 A:middle L:90%
your question is, you know, I think it's

1146
01:00:37.949 --> 01:00:40.099 A:middle L:90%
happening. Maybe we are here, maybe we are

1147
01:00:40.099 --> 01:00:44.260 A:middle L:90%
here in this path. We'll get we'll get there

1148
01:00:44.269 --> 01:00:47.099 A:middle L:90%
. I'm pretty done optimistic. I'm uh incredible optimistic

1149
01:00:47.110 --> 01:00:49.190 A:middle L:90%
, Right? So, I mean, I think

1150
01:00:49.190 --> 01:00:52.800 A:middle L:90%
it's going to happen. Uh I think, you

1151
01:00:52.800 --> 01:00:54.440 A:middle L:90%
know, the exercise I gave at the to my

1152
01:00:54.440 --> 01:00:59.010 A:middle L:90%
students again is a part of my incorrigible optimist in

1153
01:00:59.010 --> 01:01:01.340 A:middle L:90%
all my classes, uh would repeat myself. I

1154
01:01:01.340 --> 01:01:04.980 A:middle L:90%
give them the following exercise. And then they come

1155
01:01:04.980 --> 01:01:07.210 A:middle L:90%
to my class every time every morning when they get

1156
01:01:07.210 --> 01:01:10.579 A:middle L:90%
up, it doesn't matter what the courses on mechanical

1157
01:01:10.579 --> 01:01:14.280 A:middle L:90%
engineering, heat transport, transport phenomenon on technology,

1158
01:01:14.280 --> 01:01:16.400 A:middle L:90%
it doesn't matter. Their assignment is every morning when

1159
01:01:16.400 --> 01:01:19.440 A:middle L:90%
they got up, they have to write three reasons

1160
01:01:19.449 --> 01:01:22.690 A:middle L:90%
why am I happy today? I don't even give

1161
01:01:22.690 --> 01:01:23.730 A:middle L:90%
them the option why I should be happy today.

1162
01:01:24.110 --> 01:01:28.679 A:middle L:90%
Why am I happy today? Right? It's interesting

1163
01:01:28.690 --> 01:01:30.230 A:middle L:90%
for engineers to think along those lines, Right?

1164
01:01:30.599 --> 01:01:35.590 A:middle L:90%
But, you know, so, you know,

1165
01:01:35.599 --> 01:01:38.500 A:middle L:90%
pretty soon they start becoming more reflective before, you

1166
01:01:38.500 --> 01:01:42.449 A:middle L:90%
know, the initial answers are we have no homework

1167
01:01:42.449 --> 01:01:45.849 A:middle L:90%
last night, I didn't fight with my girlfriend last

1168
01:01:45.849 --> 01:01:46.670 A:middle L:90%
night, You know, whatever those. And then

1169
01:01:46.670 --> 01:01:49.960 A:middle L:90%
suddenly they started getting into, you know when I

1170
01:01:49.960 --> 01:01:52.630 A:middle L:90%
got out yesterday and I found that a few roses

1171
01:01:52.630 --> 01:01:55.440 A:middle L:90%
were blooming okay? And I went out last night

1172
01:01:55.440 --> 01:01:59.670 A:middle L:90%
and there were stars in the sky and I felt

1173
01:01:59.679 --> 01:02:01.869 A:middle L:90%
that right and pretty soon they started getting into this

1174
01:02:01.880 --> 01:02:06.340 A:middle L:90%
optimistic, this reflective mode. But they also come

1175
01:02:06.340 --> 01:02:07.760 A:middle L:90%
to the class in it with a sense of optimism

1176
01:02:08.199 --> 01:02:12.340 A:middle L:90%
and I am not in the education department, but

1177
01:02:12.340 --> 01:02:14.610 A:middle L:90%
I bet if the studies are done, if you

1178
01:02:14.610 --> 01:02:15.969 A:middle L:90%
come to the class with a sense of optimism,

1179
01:02:15.969 --> 01:02:19.340 A:middle L:90%
better learning takes place. Okay, so that was

1180
01:02:19.340 --> 01:02:22.230 A:middle L:90%
my motive behind it. And and of course,

1181
01:02:22.230 --> 01:02:23.329 A:middle L:90%
you know, in a very funny sense, I

1182
01:02:23.329 --> 01:02:25.860 A:middle L:90%
used to tell them after two weeks, I was

1183
01:02:25.860 --> 01:02:29.760 A:middle L:90%
hoping that you will say one reason I'm happy today

1184
01:02:29.760 --> 01:02:32.349 A:middle L:90%
. I'm going to attend professor margins class go that

1185
01:02:32.360 --> 01:02:37.210 A:middle L:90%
you can imagine that one. So I think I'm

1186
01:02:37.210 --> 01:02:38.719 A:middle L:90%
optimistic. I think we are. It will be

1187
01:02:38.719 --> 01:02:40.300 A:middle L:90%
a slow trajectory, but I think we're going to

1188
01:02:40.300 --> 01:02:44.019 A:middle L:90%
get there and I think Virginia attack will get there

1189
01:02:44.500 --> 01:02:46.119 A:middle L:90%
okay. And as a nation we absolutely have no

1190
01:02:46.119 --> 01:02:52.199 A:middle L:90%
choice. The one thing that keeps us apart from

1191
01:02:52.199 --> 01:02:54.079 A:middle L:90%
other countries varies India. It is china is the

1192
01:02:54.079 --> 01:02:58.309 A:middle L:90%
innovation. We are pretty damn good at innovating things

1193
01:02:58.900 --> 01:03:00.260 A:middle L:90%
. You know, it's in our it's in the

1194
01:03:00.260 --> 01:03:02.460 A:middle L:90%
culture. All right. So I think I'm pretty

1195
01:03:02.460 --> 01:03:05.809 A:middle L:90%
optimistic. I think we're going to innovate. We're

1196
01:03:05.809 --> 01:03:08.000 A:middle L:90%
going to create new stuff. Uh, you know

1197
01:03:08.010 --> 01:03:10.909 A:middle L:90%
, nobody else created facebook, Nobody has created iphone

1198
01:03:10.920 --> 01:03:13.769 A:middle L:90%
, you know, we did and we're going to

1199
01:03:13.769 --> 01:03:15.920 A:middle L:90%
continue to do that. So I'm pretty optimistic.

1200
01:03:15.599 --> 01:03:20.880 A:middle L:90%
Okay. Yes. Speaking on some of the earlier

1201
01:03:20.889 --> 01:03:27.230 A:middle L:90%
question really struck any the language of your remarks,

1202
01:03:27.230 --> 01:03:31.070 A:middle L:90%
which is very much about perceptual metaphors about seeing a

1203
01:03:31.070 --> 01:03:38.429 A:middle L:90%
disciplinary hearing. And it sounds so to speed that

1204
01:03:38.440 --> 01:03:44.719 A:middle L:90%
what might be more important than thinking about problem solving

1205
01:03:44.730 --> 01:03:51.809 A:middle L:90%
, which requires a toolkit and inclination. But a

1206
01:03:51.820 --> 01:03:58.949 A:middle L:90%
larger pedagogical problem is the jur task is to make

1207
01:03:58.960 --> 01:04:02.630 A:middle L:90%
people more sensitive to what they see so that the

1208
01:04:02.639 --> 01:04:10.409 A:middle L:90%
perception of an opportunity that for that would allow you

1209
01:04:10.420 --> 01:04:15.610 A:middle L:90%
to say not only retrospectively black splotch was somehow inevitable

1210
01:04:15.739 --> 01:04:21.059 A:middle L:90%
or had a high probability. Uh but see those

1211
01:04:21.059 --> 01:04:27.510 A:middle L:90%
very immediate perceptions that little exercise that you just described

1212
01:04:27.510 --> 01:04:32.340 A:middle L:90%
of looking around maybe part of a larger pedagogical agenda

1213
01:04:32.349 --> 01:04:38.110 A:middle L:90%
would certainly not be only a stem field. Kind

1214
01:04:38.110 --> 01:04:43.550 A:middle L:90%
of a thing of Try to account for what one

1215
01:04:43.550 --> 01:04:47.750 A:middle L:90%
perceives both on the sensitivity, the perception side and

1216
01:04:47.750 --> 01:04:55.230 A:middle L:90%
the communicative part. Yeah. Where the different perspectives

1217
01:04:55.230 --> 01:04:59.409 A:middle L:90%
can actually be recognized as not only different, but

1218
01:04:59.420 --> 01:05:01.380 A:middle L:90%
there is a potential value in those different ones.

1219
01:05:01.380 --> 01:05:06.210 A:middle L:90%
So those contributions can happen. Einstein didn't achieve very

1220
01:05:06.210 --> 01:05:14.690 A:middle L:90%
much after he went to the institute for advanced beyond

1221
01:05:14.690 --> 01:05:23.289 A:middle L:90%
35 at that point, but simply the juxtaposition kind

1222
01:05:23.289 --> 01:05:31.530 A:middle L:90%
of insurance doesn't necessarily lead to those evidently creative transformative

1223
01:05:31.539 --> 01:05:34.579 A:middle L:90%
out comes and people are going to say it's time

1224
01:05:34.579 --> 01:05:39.010 A:middle L:90%
to pull the plug and coming from a field where

1225
01:05:39.210 --> 01:05:43.210 A:middle L:90%
Congress just pulled the plug on the entire discipline,

1226
01:05:43.219 --> 01:05:46.179 A:middle L:90%
on NSF funding for the entire discipline and political science

1227
01:05:46.690 --> 01:05:50.559 A:middle L:90%
, I sort of worry about that. Yeah,

1228
01:05:50.570 --> 01:05:51.869 A:middle L:90%
no, I think, you know, to me

1229
01:05:51.869 --> 01:05:56.599 A:middle L:90%
perceptions and you know, you're absolutely right with your

1230
01:05:56.599 --> 01:06:00.269 A:middle L:90%
comment. But my own sense is that, you

1231
01:06:00.269 --> 01:06:01.670 A:middle L:90%
know, when I bring people together from different disciplines

1232
01:06:02.369 --> 01:06:05.050 A:middle L:90%
, I gained some insight which I won't have gained

1233
01:06:05.050 --> 01:06:09.510 A:middle L:90%
otherwise. Okay. And that's why even when I'm

1234
01:06:09.510 --> 01:06:13.010 A:middle L:90%
thinking of the next act as building, if I

1235
01:06:13.010 --> 01:06:15.320 A:middle L:90%
have one, you know right now, everything is

1236
01:06:15.320 --> 01:06:17.539 A:middle L:90%
transparent. We have made these intersecting places. I

1237
01:06:17.539 --> 01:06:20.639 A:middle L:90%
want to have actually a separate room where you just

1238
01:06:20.639 --> 01:06:24.469 A:middle L:90%
go there put your feet on the table and reflect

1239
01:06:24.480 --> 01:06:27.389 A:middle L:90%
and think and maybe get the inside that comes from

1240
01:06:27.400 --> 01:06:30.889 A:middle L:90%
having people come together. Okay, So there's a

1241
01:06:30.900 --> 01:06:34.579 A:middle L:90%
room for bringing those perceptions together into the new kernel

1242
01:06:34.579 --> 01:06:39.170 A:middle L:90%
of truth. Yeah. But you know, in

1243
01:06:39.170 --> 01:06:42.769 A:middle L:90%
this conference on mindfulness, we I mean we as

1244
01:06:42.769 --> 01:06:45.900 A:middle L:90%
a society and even at the whole world now we

1245
01:06:45.900 --> 01:06:47.380 A:middle L:90%
actually don't have time to sit back and reflect on

1246
01:06:47.380 --> 01:06:50.750 A:middle L:90%
things, right? Our minds are always cluttered and

1247
01:06:50.750 --> 01:06:54.179 A:middle L:90%
some moments of insight fullness. Now I'm getting into

1248
01:06:54.179 --> 01:06:58.610 A:middle L:90%
my mindfulness conference right? The moments of those big

1249
01:06:58.619 --> 01:07:01.239 A:middle L:90%
insightful things and the big ideas sometimes come when the

1250
01:07:01.239 --> 01:07:05.579 A:middle L:90%
mind is Uncluttered and it allows the mind then to

1251
01:07:05.670 --> 01:07:10.269 A:middle L:90%
synthesize everything that it has seen and comes up with

1252
01:07:10.269 --> 01:07:15.300 A:middle L:90%
something new. 1111 reason people focus on mindfulness.

1253
01:07:15.679 --> 01:07:16.469 A:middle L:90%
Okay, so there are a number of ways,

1254
01:07:16.480 --> 01:07:18.550 A:middle L:90%
you know, and I think we are on the

1255
01:07:18.550 --> 01:07:20.900 A:middle L:90%
right path. We are somewhere, there were not

1256
01:07:20.900 --> 01:07:24.010 A:middle L:90%
in the first one, we're somewhere in the middle

1257
01:07:24.179 --> 01:07:27.079 A:middle L:90%
and we'll build a bridge to the future which will

1258
01:07:27.079 --> 01:07:29.360 A:middle L:90%
be exciting, which will be innovative, which will

1259
01:07:29.360 --> 01:07:32.280 A:middle L:90%
be created. Thank you. Very okay. Thanks

1260
01:07:32.280 --> 01:07:36.460 A:middle L:90%
very much. Last away Next meeting at 5 15

1261
01:07:36.460 --> 01:07:41.500 A:middle L:90%
. So about Russia? Yeah.