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  booktitle={European Conference on Information Retrieval},
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  title={Figure metadata extraction from digital documents},
  author={Choudhury, Sagnik Ray and Mitra, Prasenjit and Kirk, Andi and Szep, Silvia and Pellegrino, Donald and Jones, Sue and Giles, C Lee},
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  year={2013},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@inproceedings{choudhury2015architecture,
  title={An Architecture for Information Extraction from Figures in Digital Libraries.},
  author={Choudhury, Sagnik Ray and Giles, Clyde Lee},
  booktitle={WWW (Companion Volume)},
  pages={667--672},
  year={2015}
}

@inproceedings{ray2015automatic,
  title={Automatic extraction of figures from scholarly documents},
  author={Ray Choudhury, Sagnik and Mitra, Prasenjit and Giles, Clyde Lee},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the 2015 ACM Symposium on Document Engineering},
  pages={47--50},
  year={2015},
  organization={ACM}
}

@inproceedings{choudhury2016scalable,
  title={Scalable algorithms for scholarly figure mining and semantics.},
  author={Choudhury, Sagnik Ray and Wang, Shuting and Giles, C Lee},
  booktitle={SBD@ SIGMOD},
  pages={1},
  year={2016}
}

@inproceedings{choudhury2016curve,
  title={Curve separation for line graphs in scholarly documents},
  author={Choudhury, Sagnik Ray and Wang, Shuting and Giles, C Lee},
  booktitle={Digital Libraries (JCDL), 2016 IEEE/ACM Joint Conference on},
  pages={277--278},
  year={2016},
  organization={IEEE}
}

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@book{goodfellow2016deep,
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  year={2014}
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@inproceedings{mikolov2013distributed,
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  booktitle={Advances in neural information processing systems},
  pages={3111--3119},
  year={2013}
}

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@article{fox1997nrin,
  title={{NDLTD}: preparing the next generation of scholars for the information age},
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@article{yost2006perceptual,
  title={The perceptual scalability of visualization},
  author={Yost, Beth and North, Chris},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics},
  volume={12},
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@inproceedings{wang2002enhancing,
  title={Enhancing the {Envision} interface for digital libraries},
  author={Wang, Jun and Agrawal, Abhishek and Bazaza, Anil and Angle, Supriya and Fox, Edward A and North, Chris},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries},
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@inproceedings{witten2002importing,
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@article{etzioni2008open,
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@inproceedings{marinai2009metadata,
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}

@inproceedings{liu2007tableseer,
  title={ {TableSeer}: automatic table metadata extraction and searching in digital libraries},
  author={Liu, Ying and Bai, Kun and Mitra, Prasenjit and Giles, C Lee},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the 7th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries (JCDL2007)},
  pages={91--100},
  year={Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, June 17--22, 2007},
}

@article{lu2016knowing,
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  year={2016}
}

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}

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  pages={580--587},
  year={2014}
}

@article{he2017mask,
  title={ {Mask R-CNN} },
  author={He, Kaiming and Gkioxari, Georgia and Doll{\'a}r, Piotr and Girshick, Ross},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1703.06870},
  year={2017}
}

@article{blei2003latent,
  title={Latent {Dirichlet Allocation}},
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@article{cheng2015syntax,
  title={Syntax-aware multi-sense word embeddings for deep compositional models of meaning},
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@article{olah2016attention,
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@inproceedings{sukhbaatar2015end,
  title={End-to-end memory networks},
  author={Sukhbaatar, Sainbayar and Weston, Jason and Fergus, Rob and others},
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@inproceedings{sutskever2014sequence,
  title={Sequence to sequence learning with neural networks},
  author={Sutskever, Ilya and Vinyals, Oriol and Le, Quoc V},
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}

@inproceedings{wu2014iaai,
  author    = {Jian Wu and
               Kyle Williams and
               Hung{-}Hsuan Chen and
               Madian Khabsa and
               Cornelia Caragea and
               Alexander Ororbia and
               Douglas Jordan and
               C. Lee Giles},
  title     = {{CiteSeerX}: {AI} in a Digital Library Search Engine},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth {AAAI} Conference on Artificial Intelligence,
               July 27 -31, 2014, Qu{\'{e}}bec City, Qu{\'{e}}bec, Canada.},
  pages     = {2930--2937},
  year      = {2014},
  url       = {http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/IAAI/IAAI14/paper/view/8607},
  timestamp = {Thu, 31 Jul 2014 09:00:19 +0200},
  biburl    = {http://dblp.uni-trier.de/rec/bib/conf/aaai/WuWCKCOJG14},
  bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, http://dblp.org}
}

@inproceedings{ororbia2015www,
  author    = {Alexander G. Ororbia and
               Jian Wu and
               Madian Khabsa and
               Kyle Williams and
               Clyde Lee Giles},
  title     = {Big Scholarly Data in {CiteSeerX}: Information Extraction from the Web},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on World Wide Web
               Companion, {WWW} 2015, Florence, Italy, May 18-22, 2015 - Companion
               Volume},
  pages     = {597--602},
  year      = {2015},
  url       = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2740908.2741736},
  doi       = {10.1145/2740908.2741736},
  timestamp = {Mon, 25 May 2015 18:38:50 +0200},
  biburl    = {http://dblp.uni-trier.de/rec/bib/conf/www/OrorbiaWKWG15},
  bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, http://dblp.org}
}


@inproceedings{teregowda2010hotcloud,
 author = {Teregowda, Pradeep B. and Urgaonkar, Bhuvan and Giles, C. Lee},
 title = {{CiteSeerX}: a cloud perspective},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd USENIX conference on Hot topics in cloud computing},
 series = {HotCloud'10},
 year = {2010},
 location = {Boston, MA},
 pages = {9--9},
 numpages = {1},
 url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1863103.1863112},
 acmid = {1863112},
  address = {Berkeley, CA, USA},
} 

@inproceedings{teregowda2013ic2e,
 author = {Teregowda, Pradeep and Giles, C. Lee},
 title = {Scaling {SeerSuite} in the {Cloud}},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE International Conference on Cloud Engineering},
 series = {IC2E '13},
 year = {2013},
 isbn = {978-0-7695-4945-3},
 pages = {146--155},
 numpages = {10},
 url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IC2E.2013.41},
 doi = {10.1109/IC2E.2013.41},
 acmid = {2497224},
 publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
 address = {Washington, DC, USA},
 keywords = {Information Retrieval, Cloud Computing, Message Oriented Middleware, Information Extraction},
} 

@inproceedings{seersuite,
 author = {Teregowda, Pradeep B. and Councill, Isaac G. and Fern\'{a}ndez, R. Juan Pablo and Khabsa, Madian and Zheng, Shuyi and Giles, C. Lee},
 title = { {SeerSuite}: developing a scalable and reliable application framework for building digital libraries by crawling the web},
 booktitle = {},
 series = {WebApps'10},
 year = {2010},
 location = {Boston, MA},
 pages = {14--14},
 numpages = {1},
 url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1863166.1863180},
 acmid = {1863180},
  address = {},
} 


@inproceedings{wu2016sigmodsbd,
 author = {Wu, Jian and Liang, Chen and Yang, Huaiyu and Giles, C. Lee},
 title = { {CiteSeerX} Data: Semanticizing Scholarly Papers},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Workshop on Semantic Big Data},
 series = {SBD '16},
 year = {2016},
 isbn = {978-1-4503-4299-5},
 location = {San Francisco, California},
 pages = {2:1--2:6},
 articleno = {2},
 numpages = {6},
 url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2928294.2928306},
 doi = {10.1145/2928294.2928306},
 acmid = {2928306},
 publisher = {ACM},
 address = {New York, NY, USA},
 keywords = {CiteSeerX, citation graph, digital library search engine, scholarly big data, semantic entity extraction},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{wu2014collaboratecom, 
author={Jian Wu and Williams, K. and Khabsa, M. and Giles, C.L.}, 
booktitle={Collaborative Computing: Networking, Applications and Worksharing (CollaborateCom), 2014 International Conference on}, 
title={The impact of user corrections on a crawl-based digital library: A {CiteSeerX} perspective}, 
year={2014}, 
month={Oct}, 
pages={171-176}, 
keywords={digital libraries;groupware;meta data;search engines;CiteSeerX;crawl-based digital library search engine;crowd-collaboration;paper metadata correction;user corrections;Abstracts;Educational institutions;Google;History;Libraries;Manuals;Search engines},}

@article{wu2015aimagazine,
author = {Wu, Jian and Williams, Kyle Mark and Chen, Hung-Hsuan and Khabsa, Madian and Caragea, Cornelia and Tuarob, Suppawong and Ororbia, Alexander G. and Jordan, Douglas and Mitra, Prasenjit and Giles, C. Lee},
title = {{CiteSeerX: AI} in a Digital Library Search Engine},
journal = {AI Magazine},
volume = {36},
issue = {3},
year = {2015},
issn = {1469-8110},
pages = {35--48},
numpages = {14},
doi = {10.1609/aimag.v36i3.2601},
URL = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v36i3.2601},
}

@inproceedings{williams2014simseerx,
  author    = {Kyle Williams and
               Jian Wu and
               C. Lee Giles},
  title     = { {SimSeerX}: a similar document search engine},
  booktitle = {{ACM} Symposium on Document Engineering 2014, DocEng '14, Fort Collins,
               CO, USA, September 16-19, 2014},
  pages     = {143--146},
  year      = {2014},
  url       = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2644866.2644895},
  doi       = {10.1145/2644866.2644895},
  timestamp = {Thu, 18 Sep 2014 14:54:30 +0200},
  biburl    = {http://dblp.uni-trier.de/rec/bib/conf/doceng/WilliamsWG14},
  bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, http://dblp.org}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{williams2014bigdata, 
author={K. Williams and J. Wu and S. R. Choudhury and M. Khabsa and C. L. Giles}, 
booktitle={Data Engineering Workshops (ICDEW), 2014 IEEE 30th International Conference on}, 
title={Scholarly big data information extraction and integration in the {CiteSeerX} digital library}, 
year={2014}, 
pages={68-73}, 
keywords={Big Data;Web sites;citation analysis;data integration;digital libraries;information retrieval;meta data;pattern clustering;CiteSeerχ digital library;automatic ingestion pipeline;automatic metadata;automatic processing steps;big data information extraction;big data information integration;citation analysis;information extraction;public Website;Data handling;Data mining;Data storage systems;Feature extraction;Information management;Information retrieval;Joining processes}, 
doi={10.1109/ICDEW.2014.6818305}, 
month={March},}

@INPROCEEDINGS{wu2014ic2e, 
author={J. Wu and P. Teregowda and K. Williams and M. Khabsa and D. Jordan and E. Treece and Z. Wu and C. L. Giles}, 
booktitle={Cloud Engineering (IC2E), 2014 IEEE International Conference on}, 
title={Migrating a Digital Library to a Private Cloud}, 
year={2014}, 
pages={97-106}, 
keywords={cloud computing;digital libraries;search engines;virtualisation;Amazon EC2;CiteSeerX physical infrastructure;EBS services;IaaS cluster;digital library migration;infrastructure as a service cluster;online digital library search engine;private cloud deployment;public cloud deployment;virtualization technique;Cloud computing;Hardware;Indexes;Libraries;Web servers;citeseerx;cloud computing;digital library;infrastructure}, 
doi={10.1109/IC2E.2014.77}, 
month={March},}

@inproceedings{chen2013csseer,
  author    = {Hung{-}Hsuan Chen and
               Pucktada Treeratpituk and
               Prasenjit Mitra and
               C. Lee Giles},
  title     = {{CSSeer}: an expert recommendation system based on {CiteSeerX}},
  booktitle = {13th {ACM/IEEE-CS} Joint Conference on Digital Libraries, {JCDL} '13,
               Indianapolis, IN, USA, July 22 - 26, 2013},
  pages     = {381--382},
  year      = {2013},
  url       = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2467696.2467750},
  doi       = {10.1145/2467696.2467750},
  timestamp = {Thu, 25 Sep 2014 17:21:54 +0200},
  biburl    = {http://dblp.uni-trier.de/rec/bib/conf/jcdl/ChenTMG13},
  bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, http://dblp.org}
}

@inproceedings{li2006citeseerx,
 author = {Li, Huajing and Councill, Isaac G. and Bolelli, Levent and Zhou, Ding and Song, Yang and Lee, Wang-Chien and Sivasubramaniam, Anand and Giles, C. Lee},
 title = { {CiteSeerX}: a scalable autonomous scientific digital library},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Scalable information systems},
 series = {InfoScale '06},
 year = {2006},
 isbn = {1-59593-428-6},
 location = {Hong Kong},
 articleno = {18},
 url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1146847.1146865},
 doi = {10.1145/1146847.1146865},
 acmid = {1146865},
 publisher = {ACM},
 address = {New York, NY, USA},
}

@inproceedings{wu2012cdi,
 author = {Wu, Jian and Teregowda, Pradeep and Khabsa, Madian and Carman, Stephen and Jordan, Douglas and San Pedro Wandelmer, Jose and Lu, Xin and Mitra, Prasenjit and Giles, C. Lee},
 title = {Web crawler middleware for search engine digital libraries: a case study for {CiteSeerX} },
 booktitle = { },
 series = {WIDM '12},
 year = {2012},
 isbn = {978-1-4503-1720-7},
 location = {Maui, Hawaii, USA},
 pages = {57--64},
 numpages = {8},
 url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2389936.2389949},
 doi = {10.1145/2389936.2389949},
 acmid = {2389949},
 publisher = {ACM},
 address = {New York, NY, USA},
 keywords = {information retrieval, ingestion, middleware, search engine, web crawling},
} 

@inproceedings{wu2013wsdm,
    author = {Wu, Jian and Teregowda, Pradeep and Khabsa, Madian and Treece, Eric and Jordan, Douglas and Carman, Stephen and Mitra, Prasenjit and Giles, C. Lee},
    booktitle = {Proceedings of Large-Scale And Distributed Systems for Information Retrieval (WSDM'12)},
    month = oct,
    title = {Scalability Bottlenecks of the {CiteSeerX} Digital Library Search Engine},
    year = {2012}
}

@inproceedings{wu2014feedback,
  author    = {Jian Wu and
               Alexander Ororbia and
               Kyle Williams and
               Madian Khabsa and
               Zhaohui Wu and
               C. Lee Giles},
  title     = {Utility-Based Control Feedback in a Digital Library Search Engine: Cases in {CiteSeerX} },
  booktitle = {9th International Workshop on Feedback Computing, Philadelphia, PA,
               USA, June 17, 2014.},
  year      = {2014},
  url       = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/feedbackcomputing14/workshop-program/presentation/wu},
  timestamp = {Wed, 10 Sep 2014 16:53:19 +0200},
  biburl    = {http://dblp.uni-trier.de/rec/bib/conf/feedback/WuOWKWG14},
  bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, http://dblp.org}
}

@article{bhatia2012dlib,
  author    = {Sumit Bhatia and
               Cornelia Caragea and
               Hung-Hsuan Chen and
               Jian Wu and
               Pucktada Treeratpituk and
               Zhaohui Wu and
               Madian Khabsa and
               Prasenjit Mitra and
               C. Lee Giles},
  title     = {Specialized Research Datasets in the {CiteSeerX}
               Digital Library},
  journal   = {D-Lib Magazine},
  volume    = {18},
  number    = {7/8},
  year      = {2012},
  ee        = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1045/july2012-bhatia},
  bibsource = {DBLP, http://dblp.uni-trier.de}
}

@inproceedings{giles2006pkdd,
  author    = {C. Lee Giles},
  title     = {The Future of {CiteSeer}: {CiteSeerX} },
  booktitle = {Knowledge Discovery in Databases: {PKDD} 2006, 10th European Conference
               on Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases, Berlin,
               Germany, September 18-22, 2006, Proceedings},
  pages     = {2},
  year      = {2006},
  url       = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11871637_2},
  doi       = {10.1007/11871637_2},
  timestamp = {Mon, 23 Oct 2006 13:11:17 +0200},
  biburl    = {http://dblp.uni-trier.de/rec/bib/conf/pkdd/Giles06},
  bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, http://dblp.org}
}

@inproceedings{li2006www,
  author    = {Huajing Li and
               Isaac G. Councill and
               Wang{-}Chien Lee and
               C. Lee Giles},
  title     = { {CiteSeerX}: an architecture and web service design for an academic
               document search engine},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 15th international conference on World Wide Web,
               {WWW} 2006, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, May 23-26, 2006},
  pages     = {883--884},
  year      = {2006},
  url       = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1135777.1135926},
  doi       = {10.1145/1135777.1135926},
  timestamp = {Mon, 17 Jul 2006 14:10:19 +0200},
  biburl    = {http://dblp.uni-trier.de/rec/bib/conf/www/LiCLG06},
  bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, http://dblp.org}
}

@article{farooq2009escience,
  author    = {Umer Farooq and
               Craig H. Ganoe and
               John M. Carroll and
               C. Lee Giles},
  title     = {Designing for e-science: Requirements gathering for collaboration
               in {CiteSeer}},
  journal   = {Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud.},
  volume    = {67},
  number    = {4},
  pages     = {297--312},
  year      = {2009},
  url       = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2007.10.005},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.ijhcs.2007.10.005},
  timestamp = {Thu, 10 Sep 2009 11:23:30 +0200},
  biburl    = {http://dblp.uni-trier.de/rec/bib/journals/ijmms/FarooqGCG09},
  bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, http://dblp.org}
}


@inproceedings{huang2014refseer,
  author    = {Wenyi Huang and
               Zhaohui Wu and
               Prasenjit Mitra and
               C. Lee Giles},
  title     = { {RefSeer}: {A} citation recommendation system},
  booktitle = {{IEEE/ACM} Joint Conference on Digital Libraries, {JCDL} 2014, London,
               United Kingdom, September 8-12, 2014},
  pages     = {371--374},
  year      = {2014},
  url       = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JCDL.2014.6970192},
  doi       = {10.1109/JCDL.2014.6970192},
  timestamp = {Tue, 08 Sep 2015 16:21:52 +0200},
  biburl    = {http://dblp.uni-trier.de/rec/bib/conf/jcdl/HuangWMG14},
  bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, http://dblp.org}
}

@inproceedings{khabsa2012ackseer,
  author    = {Madian Khabsa and
               Pucktada Treeratpituk and
               C. Lee Giles},
  title     = { {AckSeer}: a repository and search engine for automatically extracted
               acknowledgments from digital libraries},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 12th {ACM/IEEE-CS} Joint Conference on Digital
               Libraries, {JCDL} '12, Washington, DC, USA, June 10-14, 2012},
  pages     = {185--194},
  year      = {2012},
  url       = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2232817.2232852},
  doi       = {10.1145/2232817.2232852},
  timestamp = {Thu, 25 Sep 2014 17:21:54 +0200},
  biburl    = {http://dblp.uni-trier.de/rec/bib/conf/jcdl/KhabsaTG12},
  bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, http://dblp.org}
}

@inproceedings{chen2011collabseer,
  author    = {Hung{-}Hsuan Chen and
               Liang Gou and
               Xiaolong Zhang and
               Clyde Lee Giles},
  title     = {CollabSeer: a search engine for collaboration discovery},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2011 Joint International Conference on Digital
               Libraries, {JCDL} 2011, Ottawa, ON, Canada, June 13-17, 2011},
  pages     = {231--240},
  year      = {2011},
  url       = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1998076.1998121},
  doi       = {10.1145/1998076.1998121},
  timestamp = {Thu, 25 Sep 2014 17:21:54 +0200},
  biburl    = {http://dblp.uni-trier.de/rec/bib/conf/jcdl/ChenGZG11},
  bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, http://dblp.org}
}

@inproceedings{gonçalves20045S,
  author    = {M.A. Gonçalves and
               E.A. Fox and
               L.T. Watson and
               N. Kipp},
  title     = {Streams, structures, spaces, scenarios, societies ({5S}): a formal model for digital libraries},
  booktitle = {ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 22 (2)},
  pages     = {270--312},
  year      = {2004}
}

@inproceedings{pinto2003tableExtract,
  author    = {David Pinto and 
               Andrew McCallum and 
               Xing Wei and 
               W. Bruce Croft},
  title     = {Table Extraction Using {Conditional Random Fields}},
  booktitle = {SIGIR '03 Proceedings of the 26th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval, Toronto, Canada — July 28 - August 01},
  pages     = {235--242 },
  year      = {2003}
}

@inproceedings{mining2008,
  author    = {Bingjun Sun and 
               Prasenjit Mitra and 
               C. Lee Giles},
  title     = {Mining, Indexing, and Searching for Textual Chemical Molecule Information on the Web},
  booktitle = {WWW 2008 / Refereed Track: Web Engineering - Applications, April 21-25, 2008, Beijing, China},
  year      = {2008}
}

@inproceedings{metadataExtra2003,
  author    = {Hui Han and 
               C. Lee Giles and 
               Eren Manavoglu and
               Hongyuan Zha},
  title     = {Automatic Document Metadata Extraction using {Support Vector Machines}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2003 Joint Conference on Digital Libraries (JCDL’03) },
  year      = {2003}
}

@inproceedings{park2011isetd,
  author    = {S. Park and 
               E. Fox},
  title     = {Enriching the {VT ETD-db} System with References},
  booktitle = {Proceeding of 14th International Symposium on Electronic Theses and Dissertations. NDLTD},
  year      = {2011}
} 

@inproceedings{srinivasan2011isetd,
  author    = {V. Srinivasan and 
               M. Magdy and
               E. Fox},
  title     = {Enhanced Browsing System for {Electronic Theses and Dissertations}},
  booktitle = {Proceeding of 14th International Symposium on Electronic Theses and Dissertations. NDLTD},
  year      = {2011}
} 


