WEBVTT

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What a lucky board that was great. Thank you

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. Associate Dean research in the cultural genocide. Um

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, and I want to welcome you all the plan

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to come intention account. Okay. And also those

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we've got you covered to study. Uh let's talk

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for 20 minutes or so. I want to thank

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those in the library or instrumental and say so she

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resulting us jennifer and also going to be conditioned posters

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are all appreciate their support. We do have three

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more sessions schedule. Yeah, the host cases online

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, right Christina with his injection. Next on october

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be talking about an article. She will call the

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vulnerable involvement Surprised with an article intelligence studies, November

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six heather number from the Department of History. Talking

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about hurting as well. Envisioning socialism, television,

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World war in the G. R. And then

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finally in december 3rd most covert from the department foreign

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languages and Literatures. Talking about her book, racing

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narrative, italian women's writing. So they were nice

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selection of scholars coming up this fall spring were experimenting

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with formats. Uh, I'm always open to suggestions

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about other ways to, I think advance the primary

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purpose of the series, which is to make visible

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the scholarship, the College of Life Sciences and particularly

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in partnership with the Life. Um, we're also

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experimenting with locations as you can tell all of these

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locations. Uh but as the library changes, you

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know, we're finding new ways to integrate into these

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spaces. Uh certainly over the last three years the

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library has changed dramatically physical layout, but talk in

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the barn use talk and it's really impressive. Yeah

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, I may have said this before Medicaid when I

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got here, but an article in the Times by

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a graduating senior who had never been in the library

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crowd. All right, come better help. Um

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, so one of the best parts of my job

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is finding authors for this series. I really enjoy

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looking to see what family have done, the kind

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of scholarship, the kinds of productivity. I want

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to be easier person my job to invite somebody come

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in and talk about their research. Um that's the

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easy part. I think the next part is harder

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, which is asking a scholar who has spent years

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Sometimes even longer on a particular project to talk about

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it for 20 minutes and figure out what's most interesting

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, what's most relevant um what's most significant about that

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? And so it's one of those really easy invitations

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to make knowing as you make it, that it's

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going to be a challenge. But those of you

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who have come to the series of the last couple

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of years, I think seeing not only a variety

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of approaches, but a number of really interesting ways

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to communicate back to an audience, the kind of

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work that goes into a block an article of it

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. So I'm looking forward to hearing from all of

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the dollars as well. So at this point I'll

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turn it over to call, starting to talk about

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his new book to Ukraine A Life. That's right

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. Good afternoon. Can you all hear me okay

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? Great. Before I begin, I'd like to

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thank three people first tom for inviting me to be

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part of this project visible scholarly initiative. Second,

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I'd like to thank Bruce Open house for doing behind

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the scenes work at the library to make this happen

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. And third, I would like to thank Laurie

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lee for designing the poster advertising this event. It's

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an honor for me to be here today. It's

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also ironic that I am here today. In fact

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, when I say I want to be not only

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in the library, not only in english department at

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the university as well, because when I was in

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high school my worst subject was english and the last

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thing I want to do is to become a teacher

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. I hated american literature as a junior. I

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had to read once a month, a book,

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a novel by an american author. And I was

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given this long list. I did not recognize any

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of the names on the list. So I went

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to a neighbor and I said mrs Selman, do

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you recognize any of these authors? And you have

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any of these books? She looked at the list

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and she saw a book by Sinclair Lewis called Main

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Street, May I borrow that? Sure paul,

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go ahead and take it. And so I spent

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a month reading it. And as was the case

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in my school, you would take an oral exam

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on the book that you read, you stand in

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front of the teacher, he would ask you questions

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. I go into the classroom, The teachers there

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, I'm standing 15 minutes of questions about main street

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silence. Then teacher looks to the left, looks

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out the window and says 75 mm. So I

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got into the hallway. My friend goes in as

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well. I wait him to come back. 15

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minutes later he comes back. I say John What

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did you get? He said, I got in

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92 I said, I got a 75. Let

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me see your book Now. My main street was

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450 pages long. He had a book 150 pages

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long called the Red Badge of Courage and I thought

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perhaps shorter is better. All authors were equal to

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me Next month. I read this book, I

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went in 15 minutes later after being in our exam

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, the teacher looked to the left and said 92

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and I decided shorter is better. Fast forward now

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to my coming here to Virginia tech and this is

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the case for professor it. You have to have

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some kind of research project. And I thought I'm

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going to write a book really quickly so I can

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get tenure. I'm going to write a book simply

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of facts and I scratch my head and thought what

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consists simply of facts. I thought a biography is

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simply, this is when the person was born,

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when the person died throwing a few facts and I

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decided I want to spend just two years on this

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because I was going to be coming up for tenure

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. So I went through enough medical list of american

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authors and decided I'm going to write a biography about

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somebody who didn't live beyond the age 30, I'm

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flipping through cards, Crane, comma Stephen died at

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age 28 Bingo. That was more than three decades

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ago. And I just have published that biography that

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I thought would take two years to do what happened

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in between. In many ways. When I look

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back at my career, I see it as scholarly

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adventure of things, various kinds of things that happened

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to me that are the stuff of you think about

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how could this possibly be? I want to give

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you two examples. The first is my attempt to

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do the biography. I ran into problems. Initially

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, if you have ever talked with a biographer,

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you know, the biographer has to rely on primary

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documents. These consists of letters, diaries, journals

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, that sort of thing. If you were working

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on, say, Mark Twain, for example,

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There are about 30,000 letters to and from Twain,

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about 50 notebooks of detailed notes that he took.

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Sometimes the amount of primary documents are overwhelming. If

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you wanted to write a biography of George Bernard shaw

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, there are roughly quarter million letters. If you

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wanted to write a biography of the American poet and

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critic, Azra pound about 300,000. So you can

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have an overwhelming amount of primary documents. What problem

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that I have when you look at Stephen Crane And

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look at the correspondents to him and from him there

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only about 750 letters and many of these are prosaic

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. They say things such as I'll see you tonight

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at 8:00. Yes, I can do it.

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That's consistent letter. So there are very few of

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those. But the second problem also occurs when you

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want to work on Stephen Crane, because another source

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of evidence in writing biography is to look at the

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reminiscences about that author, written by contemporaries in the

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case of Stephen Crane. When you look at the

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reminiscence about people that he knew, there are lots

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of contradictions even to what he looked like, the

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color of his hair, the color of his eyes

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. One person Hamlin Garland, a contemporary, wrote

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four reminiscences about Stephen Crane and Hamlin Garland contradicted himself

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. So how do you sort all of this out

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? That's the problem of writing about Stephen Crane.

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But a third problem in the major problem that occurred

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was dealing with an author named thomas, beer thomas

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Beer In the early part of the 20th century was

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extremely influential. American writers unknown today. Uh he

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wrote novels, he wrote over 125 stories, very

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well known at the time and one of his books

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, not a novel, is a biography of Stephen

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Crane. That is in the 20th century the single

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most important and influential book and Crane Scholars. As

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I was working on the letters with a colleague to

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publish the correspondence of Stephen Crane, I noticed that

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a lot of evidence was missing the documents, the

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primary documents weren't there, that thomas beer was quoting

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letters, but we could not find thomas Bieber is

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also talking about people that Crane knew that we could

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not identify, thomas. Beer was also giving anecdotes

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about Stephen Crane's life that appeared only in thomas beers

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biography. Now, a lot of scholars have questioned

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the validity of this biography, but it was a

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great biography, it's a great story, it's the

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source of a lot of important quote, important information

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about Stephen Crane, my colleague, and I start

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to doubt this and we thought is it possible that

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thomas beer made up things? Nobody would believe us

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on this, That we when we published the correspondence

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of Stephen Crane, we separated anything that's in towns

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beers book from everything else that we had a real

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hard evidence of it. Within months of our correspondents

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coming out we've found the smoking gun. What did

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we discover, thomas beers? Biography is a forgery

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. It's fabricated. Through and through we found the

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hard evidence of this. We found the on catalog

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papers of thomas beer buried in Yale. And they

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quote the beer of papers and their whole beer family

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papers. What did this mean? Oh my gosh

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! About 100 years of scholarship has been based on

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a forgery. How do you write a biography of

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somebody when you suddenly have to remove all this stuff

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? That is not true? Lots of letters that

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were very influential and influencing critics. Letters written by

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Stephen Crane turned out to have been written by thomas

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beer. And so that made it even more difficult

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to write a biography. When you say I first

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have to separate fact from fiction that eventually happened.

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It was a long process on it and it was

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an uphill battle because I discovered that thomas beer not

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only damaged Crane scholarship, but he also damaged a

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scholarship about a number of other writers. People teddy

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Roosevelt because it turns out that thomas beer invented facts

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about them as well. So as he was like

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a computer virus that's infected so much of american literary

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scholarship, not just simply scholarship about steven Green,

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but there's a second example I want to give you

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and this is perhaps an more exciting at the time

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in hindsight. It's very exciting, but it was

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scary at the time as well. There was a

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long lost collection, Stephen Green documents, a man

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named Melvin eight Shabalin who in the 19 thirties and

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forties collected documents about Stephen Crane collected Crane letters inscribed

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first editions. When Crane scholars would say could we

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see them? Mr Sherman. He said, no

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, I won't show them to you. I'm keeping

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them for myself. I want to write a biography

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of Stephen Crane. And so people start to doubt

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whether or not these documents actually existed. They then

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disappeared. Now I'm at this point an untenable assistant

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professor and I've decided I want to do in two

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years in his biography. I said I want some

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more facts and I tracked down the collection to home

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in Hawaii where Mrs show Berlin was living. Her

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husband had died years before. And so I wrote

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her and I said Politely, this is a collection

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exists and number two, May I see it.

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No response. I wrote her more letters. No

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response. 12 months of letter writing. I even

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had they officials in Birth hall. Right saying Sorrentino

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is a real person. He's coming up for 10

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year. And then finally, I get a letter

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from her and she says, you may call me

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. So I called her and we chatted briefly.

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But when it got to the point of asking about

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the Stephen Crane collection, silence on here. And

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I did not want to push on this. I

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called It two More Times. Finally, she said

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, dr Sorrentino, if you want to come out

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to Hawaii to see what I have, I can't

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tell you what's there because I have not looked at

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the collection since My husband died in 1977. And

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this is now early 80s. So, I don't

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know what you're going to find. So at the

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time I had to do some of this work I

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had, you know, I thought how am I

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going to make this work? Because I'm a fly

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out to Hawaii find nothing there on there. But

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if I do find something, how do I negotiate

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the sale of it? So before I left I

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got a benefactor, somebody Connect with your Curious University

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where crane used to be a student for one semester

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. And the person said if something is there,

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you evaluate it, tell me how much and I'll

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write the check. So I fly out. I

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go to Mr Sherman's house. There is a long

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table box after box after box surrounding it. And

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she says dr Santino, this is it. I

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take one box, take the lid off. Within

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10 minutes. I know I've found a literary pot

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of gold. I am seeing documents that nobody else

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other than Commander Shabalin Mr Schauble had seen, I

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am seeing incredible documents inscribed first editions. I'm seeing

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manuscripts written by Stephen crane unknown documents. And so

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at the end of each day I would call back

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to Circus University and I said, it's here,

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it's there. Can you estimate paul? I'm not

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sure yet, but I know one letter was looking

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at was at least 8 to$10,000 Just one letter

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by itself. And so I said, um I

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don't want to do the negotiating on this because there's

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a lot of stuff here. And so for the

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next 10 days I'm there. But the first day

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I know I'm going to be able to stay because

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before I live Left as I was looking at documents

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to£80 dogs regarding me. One had his head

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on here, the other one had his head on

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here. And as I left mr Schauble and said

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, well, dr Santino um if you want to

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come back you can. I said oh yes and

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he said and I know I can trust you.

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And I said well I hope you can. She

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says you know you're the first person who come to

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this house that those two dogs have not tried to

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attack. And so the next 10 days mrs Shoveling

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would make me lunch, we would watch soap operas

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together. And at some point I realized that I

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had to say to her, listen, I think

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here are your choices of this on here. The

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collection you can you can give it away or if

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you want to keep it needs to be protected.

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Because part of the problem was that these were simply

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documents simply in boxes in a humid setting with lots

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of bugs. I said mrs Sherman and I'll help

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you if you want to keep the collection protect preserve

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it or if you want to sell it, I'll

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arrange for it to come in different amounts so you

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don't have to get suddenly a huge tax. And

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I'm here. I said, somebody else would take

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the pork at the details. And as I continue

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to work through, I came through a piece of

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paper hi handwritten note by mr Schauble in and it

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said, I cannot finish my biography. But someday

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a young scholar will come along and he or she

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will complete what I had hoped to do before I

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died. And I showed that note to Mrs Shabalin

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and she had a tear in her eye. And

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then she looked at me and said, you're the

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one on there running out of time. Of course

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not there, she said paul, by this time

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we run first name basis, paul take these manuscripts

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with you to the hotel room. I don't think

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so. No, I trust you. I trust

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you. So I take them to be able to

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00:18:11.009 --> 00:18:12.400 A:middle L:90%
look at them. And on that particular weekend,

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00:18:12.410 --> 00:18:15.309 A:middle L:90%
a friend of mine who taught, who teaches at

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the university of why he said, let me show

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00:18:17.230 --> 00:18:18.410 A:middle L:90%
you around the island. Let's do some, some

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surfing. Let's go, do have some fun.

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So I go out with my friend on here.

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And when I come back that evening, I noticed

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00:18:26.809 --> 00:18:30.339 A:middle L:90%
as I walked towards my little condo that the glass

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window is broken and there's blood on the hall.

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I think, oh my gosh, somebody's broken in

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00:18:37.210 --> 00:18:41.490 A:middle L:90%
to my condo. Oh my gosh. I hope

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the person is in a literary scholar, ex professor

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00:18:48.779 --> 00:18:52.730 A:middle L:90%
at Virginia Tech denied tenure. I get in and

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I discover good news and bad news. Good news

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00:18:56.539 --> 00:19:00.049 A:middle L:90%
. The manuscripts are there right there on the table

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00:19:00.440 --> 00:19:03.029 A:middle L:90%
. The bad news is that the thief stole my

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00:19:03.029 --> 00:19:07.809 A:middle L:90%
plane tickets And I immediately called United Airlines and they

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00:19:07.809 --> 00:19:08.349 A:middle L:90%
said, you don't have a flight off the island

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00:19:11.539 --> 00:19:15.180 A:middle L:90%
. That person has cashed in your, your air

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00:19:15.180 --> 00:19:18.049 A:middle L:90%
ticket. So I called back to the department head

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00:19:18.440 --> 00:19:21.380 A:middle L:90%
, somebody named Art Eastman, department of english.

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00:19:21.390 --> 00:19:25.130 A:middle L:90%
And I say art. I realized that next week

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is the first meeting of the department department meeting.

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That's how close we were to the start of the

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fall semester. And I said, I can't,

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00:19:32.400 --> 00:19:33.269 A:middle L:90%
I won't be able to make that meeting. I'm

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00:19:33.269 --> 00:19:34.990 A:middle L:90%
stranded. Oh, paul. Where you stranded?

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00:19:36.160 --> 00:19:41.230 A:middle L:90%
I'm stranded in Hawaii Hawaii. Yeah, I'm here

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00:19:41.230 --> 00:19:42.430 A:middle L:90%
. I can't get off the island. Oh,

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00:19:42.440 --> 00:19:48.640 A:middle L:90%
you can't get off the island. So eventually get

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00:19:48.640 --> 00:19:51.920 A:middle L:90%
after several days. Yeah. Getting a darker and

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darker 10. Because I was on the beach quite

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00:19:53.299 --> 00:19:56.440 A:middle L:90%
a bit on here. Finally, I get a

355
00:19:56.440 --> 00:20:00.299 A:middle L:90%
call from United Airlines saying, paul, we've got

356
00:20:00.309 --> 00:20:02.750 A:middle L:90%
a ticket freedom off the island here. Can you

357
00:20:02.750 --> 00:20:06.359 A:middle L:90%
be here within a few hours? Oh my gosh

358
00:20:06.839 --> 00:20:08.789 A:middle L:90%
. Mr Sugarman says, let's go race around.

359
00:20:08.799 --> 00:20:11.579 A:middle L:90%
You. Make photocopies of what you haven't had a

360
00:20:11.579 --> 00:20:14.349 A:middle L:90%
chance to look at yet. So we're racing around

361
00:20:14.359 --> 00:20:18.269 A:middle L:90%
island, photocopying manuscripts of Stephen Crane. Unheard of

362
00:20:18.279 --> 00:20:19.809 A:middle L:90%
the unseen before racing back and forth. She's flying

363
00:20:19.809 --> 00:20:23.059 A:middle L:90%
around, she's four ft 11, but she drives

364
00:20:23.440 --> 00:20:26.470 A:middle L:90%
like a crazy person on here and rushes me to

365
00:20:26.470 --> 00:20:29.430 A:middle L:90%
the airport. I'm already packed up. I'm flying

366
00:20:29.430 --> 00:20:32.470 A:middle L:90%
with the photocopies to get back onto the plane and

367
00:20:32.470 --> 00:20:34.210 A:middle L:90%
I made it. Good news is that came back

368
00:20:34.220 --> 00:20:37.190 A:middle L:90%
. I was given access to the documents for 18

369
00:20:37.190 --> 00:20:40.640 A:middle L:90%
months before they were publicly available. The good news

370
00:20:40.650 --> 00:20:44.079 A:middle L:90%
is that the curator of the special collections, that

371
00:20:44.089 --> 00:20:45.750 A:middle L:90%
circuit university flew out, pack up the material.

372
00:20:45.759 --> 00:20:48.450 A:middle L:90%
Good news is that mrs Sherman got a huge amount

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00:20:48.450 --> 00:20:52.220 A:middle L:90%
of money for this. The bad news is that

374
00:20:52.220 --> 00:20:55.650 A:middle L:90%
I lost a lot of empathy from my my colleagues

375
00:20:55.650 --> 00:20:56.819 A:middle L:90%
and I got back here because here I was in

376
00:20:56.819 --> 00:21:00.519 A:middle L:90%
this dark tan and say I was straight in Hawaii

377
00:21:00.519 --> 00:21:02.920 A:middle L:90%
and said, yeah, right, I'm here.

378
00:21:02.930 --> 00:21:06.009 A:middle L:90%
So the happy ending of that is that some of

379
00:21:06.009 --> 00:21:07.740 A:middle L:90%
those documents, some of those things are in the

380
00:21:07.740 --> 00:21:11.579 A:middle L:90%
biography. It took a long time to write this

381
00:21:11.990 --> 00:21:14.509 A:middle L:90%
. But I'm glad I did for a lot of

382
00:21:14.519 --> 00:21:17.319 A:middle L:90%
authors. You know, their lives are somewhat prosaic

383
00:21:17.329 --> 00:21:21.359 A:middle L:90%
because really what they do is is be by themselves

384
00:21:21.839 --> 00:21:26.740 A:middle L:90%
the writing hey story there writing a novel. They're

385
00:21:26.740 --> 00:21:29.910 A:middle L:90%
getting up and going to its hype writer piece of

386
00:21:29.910 --> 00:21:33.160 A:middle L:90%
paper or computer. They're not going to the office

387
00:21:33.740 --> 00:21:36.460 A:middle L:90%
. But for Stephen Crane, his life is as

388
00:21:36.470 --> 00:21:37.599 A:middle L:90%
exciting as his work. It's the stuff of Hollywood

389
00:21:37.710 --> 00:21:41.019 A:middle L:90%
. If you're familiar with the life and his Hemingway

390
00:21:41.019 --> 00:21:42.950 A:middle L:90%
F scott Fitzgerald, that's Stephen Crane, somebody who

391
00:21:42.960 --> 00:21:45.309 A:middle L:90%
becomes a celebrity, he's in the limelight. It

392
00:21:45.309 --> 00:21:49.809 A:middle L:90%
becomes world famous In 1895 with the writing of the

393
00:21:49.809 --> 00:21:53.200 A:middle L:90%
Red Badge of Courage Saturday. Within a few years

394
00:21:53.279 --> 00:21:56.700 A:middle L:90%
June of 1900 it will be dead. His colleagues

395
00:21:56.700 --> 00:22:00.559 A:middle L:90%
considered him the most important writer of his generation.

396
00:22:00.640 --> 00:22:04.670 A:middle L:90%
People said he is the future of american literature when

397
00:22:04.670 --> 00:22:07.859 A:middle L:90%
he was a reporter during the spanish american war,

398
00:22:07.869 --> 00:22:10.660 A:middle L:90%
his colleagues said you are the best journalists here.

399
00:22:11.539 --> 00:22:15.069 A:middle L:90%
So it's a sad story that his ends up or

400
00:22:15.069 --> 00:22:18.500 A:middle L:90%
he does. He becomes front page news when he's

401
00:22:18.500 --> 00:22:21.599 A:middle L:90%
feared lost at sea after but he is on sinks

402
00:22:21.609 --> 00:22:22.920 A:middle L:90%
and he is in a 10 ft deng with three

403
00:22:22.920 --> 00:22:26.059 A:middle L:90%
other people. He will re create that experience.

404
00:22:26.119 --> 00:22:29.930 A:middle L:90%
And a famous short story called The Open Vote I'm

405
00:22:29.930 --> 00:22:33.049 A:middle L:90%
here. His life is so exciting. Not dull

406
00:22:33.059 --> 00:22:36.720 A:middle L:90%
at all. And as I got to the ending

407
00:22:36.720 --> 00:22:40.839 A:middle L:90%
of the book, why new What was coming had

408
00:22:40.839 --> 00:22:41.650 A:middle L:90%
a tear in my eye because I knew I had

409
00:22:41.650 --> 00:22:45.750 A:middle L:90%
to say goodbye to him. The reason why I'm

410
00:22:45.750 --> 00:22:48.460 A:middle L:90%
here today is because of what he did for me

411
00:22:49.339 --> 00:22:57.710 A:middle L:90%
to put it another way. Let me go back

412
00:22:57.710 --> 00:23:02.819 A:middle L:90%
to that time in high school when all authors were

413
00:23:02.819 --> 00:23:03.829 A:middle L:90%
the same to me such as three piece of rope

414
00:23:03.839 --> 00:23:06.599 A:middle L:90%
. They all are the same. I looked at

415
00:23:06.599 --> 00:23:08.940 A:middle L:90%
them, I saw no difference in them at all

416
00:23:08.950 --> 00:23:11.480 A:middle L:90%
. They all were like and so I ended up

417
00:23:11.480 --> 00:23:15.619 A:middle L:90%
choosing somebody who is shorter because I thought shorter was

418
00:23:15.619 --> 00:23:19.440 A:middle L:90%
going to be better in hindsight. I've learned quite

419
00:23:19.440 --> 00:23:22.180 A:middle L:90%
a bit about this, but when I look at

420
00:23:22.180 --> 00:23:26.799 A:middle L:90%
it, I can say to myself, you know

421
00:23:26.799 --> 00:23:30.509 A:middle L:90%
what? There are some long books are some medium

422
00:23:30.509 --> 00:23:36.519 A:middle L:90%
sized books but for me shorter turned out to be

423
00:23:36.519 --> 00:23:47.329 A:middle L:90%
better. Thank you. I'd be happy to take

424
00:23:47.329 --> 00:23:51.859 A:middle L:90%
any questions if anybody as one don. Yes,

425
00:23:52.440 --> 00:23:55.730 A:middle L:90%
for instance, what have you specifically, what's something

426
00:23:55.730 --> 00:24:00.009 A:middle L:90%
you discovered that was made up by beer? And

427
00:24:00.019 --> 00:24:03.450 A:middle L:90%
how did you verify? But was something that he

428
00:24:03.460 --> 00:24:08.039 A:middle L:90%
fabricated rather than something that was recorded in Los Yeah

429
00:24:08.940 --> 00:24:12.750 A:middle L:90%
. First wait for the fabrication. I found my

430
00:24:12.750 --> 00:24:18.279 A:middle L:90%
colleague and I found uh multiple drafts of letters so

431
00:24:18.279 --> 00:24:21.460 A:middle L:90%
badly written by Crane that thomas Beer wrote and he

432
00:24:21.460 --> 00:24:23.500 A:middle L:90%
would combine part of one draft with another draft on

433
00:24:23.500 --> 00:24:27.960 A:middle L:90%
here. As far as uh Yes. Yes.

434
00:24:30.210 --> 00:24:37.099 A:middle L:90%
Also it turned out that Okay Beer, there's a

435
00:24:37.109 --> 00:24:38.730 A:middle L:90%
thomas Beer says that he got a lot of information

436
00:24:38.740 --> 00:24:41.130 A:middle L:90%
and he names somebody and there's no evidence that the

437
00:24:41.130 --> 00:24:45.789 A:middle L:90%
person ever existed. It's actually um a fictional alter

438
00:24:45.789 --> 00:24:48.819 A:middle L:90%
ego of thomas beer based based on something that Edgar

439
00:24:48.819 --> 00:24:55.730 A:middle L:90%
Allan Poe did about fictional persona. So I've noticed

440
00:24:55.740 --> 00:24:56.920 A:middle L:90%
as I was going through your stuff, I saw

441
00:24:56.920 --> 00:25:00.859 A:middle L:90%
him playing games, making allusions to isolated things in

442
00:25:00.859 --> 00:25:03.960 A:middle L:90%
american literature, in other fields of literature. And

443
00:25:03.960 --> 00:25:07.450 A:middle L:90%
I was able to crack the code that he had

444
00:25:07.460 --> 00:25:11.059 A:middle L:90%
and then he ended up writing a short story uh

445
00:25:11.069 --> 00:25:15.349 A:middle L:90%
about biography, which is a story that is part

446
00:25:15.349 --> 00:25:17.990 A:middle L:90%
of the code as well. Once I cracked the

447
00:25:17.990 --> 00:25:19.069 A:middle L:90%
code, I was able to then to find out

448
00:25:19.069 --> 00:25:22.720 A:middle L:90%
lots of other things on here. So it was

449
00:25:22.730 --> 00:25:25.019 A:middle L:90%
a lot of guessing, a lot of luck as

450
00:25:25.019 --> 00:25:26.619 A:middle L:90%
far as something new. I'll give you one quick

451
00:25:26.619 --> 00:25:29.849 A:middle L:90%
example when you those of you red badge of courage

452
00:25:30.240 --> 00:25:32.000 A:middle L:90%
. You know the book has a lot of color

453
00:25:32.000 --> 00:25:36.299 A:middle L:90%
in it and it's no novel in american literature that

454
00:25:36.299 --> 00:25:38.009 A:middle L:90%
has more color in it than that. And there

455
00:25:38.009 --> 00:25:41.700 A:middle L:90%
are times when Crane will talk about a colour,

456
00:25:41.700 --> 00:25:45.279 A:middle L:90%
but he will associate the color the sight seeing color

457
00:25:45.289 --> 00:25:48.980 A:middle L:90%
with another, a sense accessory thing you associate the

458
00:25:48.990 --> 00:25:55.750 A:middle L:90%
sound with with a site for example. And people

459
00:25:55.750 --> 00:25:57.220 A:middle L:90%
have always wondered where did, why did he do

460
00:25:57.220 --> 00:26:02.660 A:middle L:90%
this? And I discovered that he was had synesthesia

461
00:26:03.039 --> 00:26:06.390 A:middle L:90%
that nobody has ever known. And so he was

462
00:26:06.390 --> 00:26:08.829 A:middle L:90%
when he was seeing a color he would hear sounds

463
00:26:08.900 --> 00:26:11.559 A:middle L:90%
as well. And when I discovered that that helped

464
00:26:11.559 --> 00:26:15.170 A:middle L:90%
me interpret lots of different things about is it okay

465
00:26:17.140 --> 00:26:19.349 A:middle L:90%
? His association with color and sound and sight on

466
00:26:19.349 --> 00:26:22.819 A:middle L:90%
there? So that's one of the new things on

467
00:26:22.819 --> 00:26:25.500 A:middle L:90%
there. There's some new things about connections between Mark

468
00:26:25.500 --> 00:26:29.809 A:middle L:90%
Twain and Stephen Crane unknown. So there are lots

469
00:26:29.809 --> 00:26:33.339 A:middle L:90%
of screen scholars will notice what's new and they want

470
00:26:33.339 --> 00:26:34.359 A:middle L:90%
to say, where does Sorrentino get this? And

471
00:26:34.359 --> 00:26:37.779 A:middle L:90%
that's why there's a lot of notes, other questions

472
00:26:37.779 --> 00:26:47.390 A:middle L:90%
or comments. Where is the steepest rain archive now

473
00:26:47.390 --> 00:26:51.839 A:middle L:90%
that you can Okay, Why Now that one is

474
00:26:51.839 --> 00:26:55.019 A:middle L:90%
at Circus University, The three major places where there's

475
00:26:55.029 --> 00:26:59.130 A:middle L:90%
Korean material Circus University, University of Virginia and Columbia

476
00:26:59.130 --> 00:27:00.809 A:middle L:90%
University. And they're smaller collections at Dartmouth and a

477
00:27:00.809 --> 00:27:04.380 A:middle L:90%
couple of other places on there. So, but

478
00:27:04.380 --> 00:27:10.690 A:middle L:90%
that collection that was in Hawaii um I had I

479
00:27:10.690 --> 00:27:12.700 A:middle L:90%
had somebody ready to pay big bucks for you and

480
00:27:12.700 --> 00:27:18.670 A:middle L:90%
I had to act quickly on that too. See

481
00:27:18.339 --> 00:27:26.059 A:middle L:90%
Uh huh. Work was the window initially some resistance

482
00:27:26.740 --> 00:27:33.049 A:middle L:90%
because quite a few articles and collections of books are

483
00:27:33.049 --> 00:27:37.369 A:middle L:90%
based on beer, on that. So in some

484
00:27:37.380 --> 00:27:41.420 A:middle L:90%
cases careers. And so there was my colleague and

485
00:27:41.420 --> 00:27:42.140 A:middle L:90%
I talked about this and I said to my colleague

486
00:27:42.140 --> 00:27:45.000 A:middle L:90%
stan I said stand, it's going to take at

487
00:27:45.000 --> 00:27:48.390 A:middle L:90%
least a decade for people to start to accept this

488
00:27:48.390 --> 00:27:52.579 A:middle L:90%
. Because what we're saying is upsetting. It's turning

489
00:27:52.579 --> 00:27:56.299 A:middle L:90%
upside down a lot of scholarship. It's calling into

490
00:27:56.299 --> 00:28:00.039 A:middle L:90%
question generalizations that are made of books and so by

491
00:28:00.049 --> 00:28:03.849 A:middle L:90%
eliminating all this stuff, it took away a lot

492
00:28:03.849 --> 00:28:06.029 A:middle L:90%
of the great stories about Stephen Crane and some of

493
00:28:06.029 --> 00:28:07.700 A:middle L:90%
the so called great letters on this, but it

494
00:28:07.700 --> 00:28:11.740 A:middle L:90%
would have had to be done and now it's accepted

495
00:28:12.140 --> 00:28:17.559 A:middle L:90%
. I say generally, bye 99 of the scholars

496
00:28:18.039 --> 00:28:22.460 A:middle L:90%
once they saw the evidence. Yeah, my questions

497
00:28:25.339 --> 00:28:26.119 A:middle L:90%
. I know it's a busy day, but I

498
00:28:26.119 --> 00:28:29.769 A:middle L:90%
know if you have a chance to have a snack

499
00:28:30.740 --> 00:28:32.329 A:middle L:90%
, I'd like to say to you again, thanks

500
00:28:32.329 --> 00:28:37.670 A:middle L:90%
for coming. I appreciate it. Yeah. Mhm

501
 -->  A:middle L:90%
.