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Browsing by Author "Bowers, John"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Properties and Genetic Diversity of Salmonella Typhimurium Recovered from Domestic and Imported Seafood
    Elbashir, Salah M.; Adnan, Adib M.; Bowers, John; DePaola, Angelo; Jahncke, Michael; Punchihewage-Don, Anuradha J.; Da Silva, Ligia V.; Hashem, Fawzy; Parveen, Salina (MDPI, 2023-06-30)
    The quantity of seafood imported and produced by domestic aquaculture farming has increased. Recently, it has been reported that multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella Typhimurium may be associated with seafood. However, information is limited to the antimicrobial resistance, virulence properties, and genetic diversity of S. Typhimurium recovered from imported and domestic seafood. This study investigated the antimicrobial resistance, virulence properties, and genetic diversity of S. Typhimurium isolated from domestic and imported catfish, shrimp, and tilapia. A total of 127 isolates were tested for the presence of multidrug-resistance (MDR), virulence genes (invA, pagC, spvC, spvR), and genetic diversity using the Sensititre micro-broth dilution method, PCR, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), respectively. All isolates were uniformly susceptible to six (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, imipenem, nitrofurantoin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) of the 17 tested antimicrobials and genetically diverse. Fifty-three percent of the Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial and 49% were multidrug resistant. Ninety-five percent of the isolates possessed the invA gene, 67% pagC, and 43% for both spvC, and spvR. The results suggest that S. Typhimurium recovered from seafood is frequently MDR, virulent, and have the ability to cause salmonellosis.
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    Future Farmers of Virginia Chapter Chats March 1939
    Groseclose, Henry C.; Ross, W. A.; Patton, J. C.; Hoover, Nelson; Hall, Jr., Roger; Wilkins, Earle; Hale, Dan; Bowers, John; Perrin, Cosby; Page, Ivey; Johnson, Ted; Arey, Sanford; Miller, Harold; Woolwine, Clayton; Smith, Roy; Trayle, Gordon; Mabry, Charles; Myerhoeffer, Billy; Toler, Murray; Campbell, Warren; Maddox, John; English, Maynard; Smith, Lewis; Digges, Churchill; Pemberton, Robert; Miller, Bill; Lipscomb, Leslie; Gorell, Charles; Powell, Clyde; Allen, Sptizer (The Future Farmers of Virginia, 1939-03)
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    Future Farmers of Virginia Chapter Chats November 1938
    Wisman, Everett; Erwards, Arnold; Jr., Alex Meek,; Dodson, William; Wortman Jr., Sidney F.; Pence, Jack; Woolwine, Clayton; Jennings, George; Alvis, Bryan; Bowers, John; Litton, Roy; Fullerton, Jr., John C.; Limscomb, Billy; Beattie, C.; Brickey, Billy; Mullen, Joe; Carwile, Henry; Trayle, Gordon; Wilmonth, Earl; Raymond Curry; Roakes, Emmett; Paige, Ivey; Burcher, A. T.; Fullerton, Jr., John; Hale, Dan; Burner, Joe; Maddox, John; Campbell, Warren; Baldock, David; Corbett, J. W.; Yates, Royal; Davis, John; Landrum, Willis; Rector, George; Davison, Harold; Oakes, Walter; Hundley, Chester; Singleton, Tom; Sneed, Jack; Harouff, Bryan; Yeatts, Otey C.; Miller, Bill; Johnston, Kenneth; Motley, Marvin; Kline, Paul; Sacra, Noland; Shiflett, Marshall; Arey, Stanford; Keesling, Dwight; Hulvey, Leonard; Harman, Warren; Kerr, Harry; Earhart, Leo; Thomas, Frank C.; Large, Paul; Walton, Leland; Winston, Bowling; Rollison, John; McClanahan, Judson; McNair, Robert; Scott, Charles; Johnston, Paul; Upshaw, Jack; Lipscomb, Leslie; Polk, Lester; Watson, Billy; McClintock, Charles; Rupart, Junior (The Future Farmers of Virginia, 1938-11)
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    Prevalence and Abundance of Bacterial Pathogens of Concern in Shrimp, Catfish and Tilapia Obtained at Retail Stores in Maryland, USA
    Elbashir, Salah; Jahncke, Michael; DePaola, Angelo; Bowers, John; Schwarz, Jurgen; Punchihewage-Don, Anuradha J.; Min, Byungrok; Rippen, Tom; Parveen, Salina (MDPI, 2023-01-25)
    Outbreaks of human gastroenteritis have been linked to the consumption of contaminated domestic and imported seafood. This study investigated the microbiological quality of seafood obtained from retail stores on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. A total of 440 samples of domestic and imported frozen shrimp, catfish and tilapia samples were analyzed for aerobic plate count (APC), total coliforms, Escherichia coli and seafood-borne-pathogens (Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, Salmonella, Campylobacter jejuni). The prevalence of APC, coliforms and E. coli positive samples was 100%, 43% and 9.3%, respectively. Approximately 3.2%, 1.4%, 28.9% and 3.6% of the samples were positive for V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, Salmonella and Campylobacter jejuni, respectively. The MPN/g ranges were 150–1100 MPN/g for vibrios, 10–1100 MPN/g for Salmonella and 93–460 MPN/g for C. jejuni in seafood, respectively. Comparing bacterial prevalence by type or source of seafood, the only significant difference identified was Salmonella-positive imported tilapia (33.3%) versus domestic tilapia (19.4%). The quantitative data on pathogen levels in the present study provide additional information for quantitative risk assessment not available in previous surveys. The findings of this study suggest the association of potential food safety hazards with domestic and imported seafood and warrant further large-scale studies and risk assessment.
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    Runoff and pollution abatement characteristics of concrete grid pavements
    Day, Gary E.; Smith, David R.; Bowers, John (Virginia Water Resources Research Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1981)
    Problems of water quaIity and quantity have forced many communities to redefine their approaches to local stormwater management. New approaches--alternatives to the conventional means of piping a problem downstream--focus on maintaining predevelopment runoff levels by increasing opportunities for runoff infiltration, by controlling runoff velocities and volumes, and by reducing nonpoint pollutants. Concrete grid pavements have potential as a technology capable of performing these functions, but they have not yet been evaluated to the satisfaction of officials who must endorse or implement stormwater management strategies. This research measured, in a laboratory setting, runoff volume and pollutant load reductions associated with three types of grid pavements. A concrete slab was used as a control. Reductions in pollutant concentration and mass in water that percolated through the grids in the pavements were also measured. Runoff from the surface of the pavements and from water within the soils beneath the pavements was analyzed for phosphorus, nitrogen, organic carbon, chromium, lead, and zinc. Results show that the grid pavements greatly reduced runoff volume, as compared to the concrete slab. The masses of 10 pollutants found in the runoff from this slab were much greater than those in the runoff from the grid pavements. The soils beneath the grid pavements acted effectively in removing significant quantities of pollutants from the water that infiltrated into them.