Browsing by Author "Lindgren, Chris A."
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- Beyond Consensus: A Rhetorical Genre Analysis of the Mountain Valley Pipeline's 401 Public HearingsScarff, Kelly (Virginia Tech, 2021-06-10)This study seeks to understand public and institutional uptake of the public hearing genre. More specifically, this study examines how public hearing genre conventions are established and how those conventions inform and often govern tensions that arise in public discourse about a contested environmental project. In my research, I analyzed a corpus of public comments from two Mountain Valley Pipeline (MVP) 401 Water Quality Certification public hearings that were held in August 2017 and hosted by Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (VA DEQ). Additionally, I conducted interviews with 13 community members and two state representatives who spoke at one of the two hearings. This approach led me to several important findings. Most significantly, I found that while many community members understood VA DEQ's stated purpose of the public hearings, they prepared comments that spoke to an entirely different purpose because they were responding to a different kind of problem than that of VA DEQ. This finding is crucial to understanding the other tensions and ideas of consensus that occur among citizens and VA DEQ representatives since the kind of problem informs the uptake of the public hearing and the overall interpretation of the public hearing genre. My dissertation thus argues that there are ways we might reimagine ideas of effectiveness, consensus, and the public hearing genre, specifically in the case of the 401 Public Hearings and more generally in other public hearings where public discourses center on a contested environmental project like the MVP.
- Beyond the Tall, Tall Trees: Exploring Land and Digital Literacy in Rural AppalachiaWagnon, Michelle Martin (Virginia Tech, 2023-06-01)In this dissertation, I report findings of a case study I conducted in Giles County, Virginia, my hometown, to better understand the way land impacts rural digital literacy sponsorship. With the help of 13 participants, I studied the ways land impacted their access to digital infrastructures and internet access and presented the following questions: how does land impeded access and support access to broadband infrastructure in Giles County? How does land impact what digital literacies residents in Giles County pursue, and how do they navigate the county's "dead zones" I begin the study by diving into the status of internet in Giles County, and I review the failed attempt made by legislators to provide "universal broadband" to the entire state of Virginia. Next, I review the literature on Deep Mapping Analysis and Literacy Networks to provide context as to how I am using land as a framework for studying rural digital literacy sponsorship. Then, the first analysis chapter uses Deep Mapping Analysis to discuss maps reflecting the status of internet access within the county, and then discusses how these maps help support the experiences of participants in the first round of interviews. The second findings chapter focuses on the Literacy Networks created by participants Veronica, Libby, Makayla, and Heather and explores how their networks show the connections between land and infrastructures as rural digital literacy sponsors and what that teaches us about rural access in general. Finally, I conclude with three implications from these analysis chapters that encourage scholars, community scholars, and legislators alike to pay more attention to the role land plays in internet access and rural digital literacy sponsorship. Most importantly, this work calls for legislators to consider what their part is in helping their rural constituents receive the internet access they need to survive without implicating those who cannot afford it or harming the land where they live.
- Building an Infrastructural Praxis: Understanding Twitter's Embeddedness in the U.S.-Mexico BorderLindgren, Chris A.; Fernandes, Maggie (2022-10-01)In this article, we document how Twitter is embedded within the U.S.-Mexico border and used to reorganize the oppressive conditions perpetuated by the border’s sociopolitical history. We do so through a mixed-methods case-study of three polarized, yet tangled, activist movements on Twitter, each of which responded to Trump’s border wall plans and zero-tolerance policy that separated asylum-seeking im/migrant children from their families. The hashtag movements included the liberal #FamiliesBelongTogether supporters (FBT), Trump Republican #BuildTheWall supporters (BTW), and liberal Anti-Wall (AW) #NoBorderWall and #TrumpShutDown denouncers. Findings indicate how the liberal activist movements inherited systemic issues of the broader U.S.-Mexico border infrastructure. Overall, we call for TPC to continue developing research agendas that learn from social activist networks so the field can understand its role in shaping the broader media infrastructure.
- Decolonizing community-engaged research: Designing CER with cultural humility as a foundational valueItchuaqiyaq, Cana; Lindgren, Chris A.; Kramer, Corina (ACM, 2023-10-02)In this article, we uptake the call for equipping researchers in practicing socially just CER in Indigenous communities through developing a framework for cultural humility in CER. Sparked by our research team’s experience considering the potential of CER to transform and contribute to the needs of both tribal and academic communities, we present cultural humility as a personal precondition for socially just, decolonial CER practice. We use the Inuit cultural practice of nalukataq as a key metaphor to present our framework for cultural humility: listening to the caller, setting your feet, pulling equally, staying in sync.
- Facts Upon Delivery: What Is Rhetorical About Visualized Models?Lindgren, Chris A. (SAGE, 2020-09-15)What expectations should professionals and the public place on visuals to communicate the uncertainties of complex phenomena? This article demonstrates how charts during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic articulated visual arguments yet also required extended communicative support upon their delivery. The author examines one well-circulated chart comparing COVID-19 case trends per country and highlights its rhetoric by contrasting its design decisions with those of other charts and reports created as the pandemic initially unfolded. To help nonexpert audiences, the author suggests that professional communicators and designers incorporate more contextual information about the data and notable design choices.
- 'Hello is this the writing center?' Illicit paper mill activity and the compromised recomposition of college and university websitesRidolfo, Jim; Hart-Davidson, William; Lindgren, Chris A. (2022-01-03)
- Making Sense of Digital Content Moderation from the MarginsFernandes, Margaret Burke (Virginia Tech, 2022-06-10)This dissertation, Making Sense of Digital Content Moderation from the Margins, examines how content creators who are marginalized by race, sexuality, gender, ethnicity, and disability understand their experiences of content moderation on the social media platform TikTok. Using critical interface and narrative-based inquiry methods with six marginalized content creators on TikTok, I argue that marginalized creators navigate the opaque content moderation infrastructure of TikTok by drawing on their embodied experiences. The key research questions ask how these content creators interpret TikTok's platform policies and processes through their interactions on the app and how these interpretations influence content creation on TikTok and how creators feel about moderation in the absence of platform transparency about how content is moderated. To answer these questions, I conducted narrative-driven interviews with six TikTok creators and analyzed these stories alongside online testimonials in eight Change.org petitions. My analysis revealed that lack of transparency around TikTok's algorithmic curation and moderation contributes to content creators feeling alienated, exploited, frustrated, and unwelcome on the platform and influences content creators to adapt their content to avoid moderation, oftentimes by self-censoring themselves and aspects of their marginalized identities. Over time, the accumulation of content moderation micro-interactions diminishes the ability of marginalized content creators to trust content moderation processes. My analysis also shows how TikTok's user experience design and opaque content moderation practices contribute to an affective platform environment in which creators are compelled to speak out and across creator networks about such gaps in experience and platform policy. I conclude with a discussion of how my findings about content moderation and transparency contribute to conversations in writing-related scholarship, especially as it pertains to writing assessment, technical communication, and algorithmic research methodologies.
- Possibilities for Making Institutional Change: An Institutional Critique of Diversity Discourse at a Predominantly White InstitutionEvans, Amilia Natasha (Virginia Tech, 2023-06-02)The purpose of this dissertation is to explore how diversity discourse inscribes oppressive institutional structures (slavery, racism, and whiteness), specifically, institutional power, and offer possibilities for making sustainable change. This dissertation is an institutional critique (Porter et al. 2000) that includes Black women's experiences in diversity leadership roles at Virginia Tech, an analysis of the institution's bureaucratic structure, an analysis of diversity discourse published by Virginia Tech's Office for Inclusion and Diversity (OID), and climate surveys. By following diversity discourse, I explore how the discourse and modalities inscribe institutional power, the "outsider-within" construct of Black women, and obstructions to institutional change through discursive practices. In general, change happens at institutions but does not connote equitable, sustainable change. I argue that mapping the discursive and material construction of institutional power can reveal discursive methods/methodologies for remapping the institution toward inscribing structures of resistance.
- Representing Diversity in Digital Research: Digital Feminist Ethics and Resisting Dominant NormativesBaniya, Sweta; Hutchinson, Les; Kumari, Ashanka; Larson, Kyle; Lindgren, Chris A. (The WAC Clearinghouse, 2019)In this paper, the authors consider how their engaged practices of feminist ethics have come up against specific dominant normatives. Privileging the experiences of women of color, they question the embodied relationship they have with their research participants, and offer their methodological approaches for addressing ethical challenges that have surfaced through conducting their research in both digital and non-digital spaces and places. Collectively, they collaborate to develop newfound strategies and methodologies for negotiating the often mundane, micro-level moments of friction that prevents intersectional phronesis. Overall, they pitch ethical research practices for digital and non-digital research with diverse subjects of different races, backgrounds, and cultures such that voice(s) are not compromised during research.
- Responding to the Coding Crisis: From Code Year to Computational LiteracyBrooks, Kevin; Lindgren, Chris A. (Computers and Composition Digital Press, 2015)This innovative book project considers the ways in which literacy crisis discourses have reinvented themselves in the twenty-first century through a richly textured view of these varied discourses.
- Rhetoric Beyond the Digital/Physical Divide: The Internet and Digital and Physical HybridityKulak, Andrew Michael (Virginia Tech, 2019-05-10)In this dissertation, I report findings from three case studies of rhetoric about the internet based on a rhetorical theory of the internet as physical and digital hybrid. I understand digital and physical hybridity as connections between physical and digital objects enabled by the internet that trouble a delineation between digital and physical space. I begin my study by tracing the history of the internet and its relationship with materiality. While the vastness of the internet is not something that can be readily understood, it is something that spreads across space and time, resulting in effects that demand rhetorical response. I describe rhetorics of purification as rhetorical responses to the internet that isolate physical and digital objects and ascribe to these objects different qualities. These rhetorics can be productive in rendering the internet and its effects salient within different discourses, but they can also be limiting in terms of aspects of the internet that they elide. To situate my work, I review literature in the field focused specifically on the emergence of digital rhetoric and its theories, methods, and objects of inquiry. I describe a primary method of rhetorical analysis for locating rhetorical strategies used to account for internet technology in different discourses, with supplementary methods including distant reading and interface analysis. In the first case study, I consider a social media app that leveraged smartphone geolocation technology to situate anonymous online discourse within physical locations and analyze responses to the service and posts on the app. In the second case study, I consider legal decisions in the United States focusing on the rhetorical moves that make internet interactions matter within the context of internet surveillance and privacy rights. In the final case study, I consider online-only writing courses and the impact of online platforms on pedagogy through a procedural interface analysis. In conclusion, I focus on the relevance of these studies to ongoing conversations in digital rhetoric concerning social media, internet privacy, and pedagogy.
- Show Your Work! Three Qualitative Methodologies to Revise and Reimagine Quantitative Work as Communication DesignLindgren, Chris A.; Banville, Morgan; Kalodner-Martin, Elena (ACM, 2023-10-26)Panelists outline three qualitative methodologies: stasis networks, interlocking surveillance, and rhetorical platform analysis. Each methodology guides researchers and practitioners to identify and resolve different types of issues with the communication design of quantitative work, such as conflicts that emerge during the interpretive labor or how to assess and act against harmful policies that impact the data digital platforms collect and use.
- Student Perceptions of Screencasted FeedbackHarding, Jonathan M. (Virginia Tech, 2018-07-02)This study addresses student perceptions of screencasted feedback compared to traditional written comments. Screencasts allow instructors to provide audio-visual feedback on a student's essay that is captured directly from the instructor's computer using a screencasting software. Using survey results from 31 first year composition students, this study found that students generally perceived screencasted feedback to be easier to understand, more engaging, and more helpful than traditional written comments. It also found that students perceived a stronger rapport between themselves and their instructor after receiving screencasted feedback, and that students generally prefer receiving screencasted feedback over written comments on their essays. This study was not able to discern if student writing improved more with screencasted feedback compared to written comments, nor was it able to definitively say if students were more motivated to improve their writing after receiving screencasted feedback.
- Tabletop Role-Playing Games and the Actual Play Show: Author, Audience, and AdaptationWhittemore, Rhys Duncan (Virginia Tech, 2021-06-15)Though tabletop role-playing games, or TRPGs, have received some scholarly attention since the creation of Dungeons and Dragons in the 1970s, very few scholars have considered how TRPGs function as a vehicle for long-form narrative. As an inherently collaborative form of narrative, the TRPG demonstrates a unique relationship between author and audience, as participants take on both roles during play. Previous narratological models of author-audience interaction are insufficient to understand the way that authorship functions in the TRPG, and the rise of actual play shows, where TRPGs are broadcast for an audience of nonparticipants, adds an extra layer of complexity to these author-audience relations. This thesis identifies key narrative elements of the TRPG, including game mechanics, framing, and collaboration, and examines how popular actual play shows and their graphic adaptations engage with these elements to create their narratives. This examination indicates that TRPGs create complex author-webs where each participant is both author and audience, and this influence pushes actual play shows and further adaptations of TRPG narratives to expand the ways in which audiences can influence and interact with narratives as they are created. The TRPG genre continues to explore how these elements can be developed beyond traditional understandings of narrative, and this development provides a framework for further narratological study of interactive works, which will only continue to evolve and grow in popularity and complexity in the continuing digital era.
- Tackling a Fundamental Problem: Using Digital Labs to Build Smarter Computing CulturesBrooks, Kevin; Lindgren, Chris A.; Warner, Matthew (University of Chicago Press, 2015-01-19)This timely edited collection will do much to promote and strengthen interdisciplinary collaborations in the digital humanities.
- Towards a Decolonial Haole RhetoricHomer, Matthew Jordan (Virginia Tech, 2022-06-14)This dissertation examines the concept of haole, a Native Hawaiian articulation of whiteness, in two multimodal texts related to the proposed construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope on Mauna-a-Wākea in Hawai'i. Specifically, I analyze the Aloha 'Aima mural at the University of Hawai'i and the 'Imiloa web interface, as two examples of delinking whiteness through decolonial enactment. Building on this analysis, this project theorizes a decolonial haole rhetoric by redefining the rhetorical character of whiteness from outside a Eurowestern frame. Haole is an example of decolonial enactment because it responds to cultural rhetorics by engaging with the loci of enunciation rather than attending to meaning. Haole rhetoric is a form of whiteness that responds to Hawai'i's specific history of, and resistance to, colonialism. I argue for white settler allyship that works from the rhetorical ground of colonial wounds to counteract the colonial control of meaning. In this dissertation, I have developed a haole methodology that includes the following tenets: 1) any presence of whiteness manifests coloniality; 2) Indigenous knowledges are always taken on their own terms and never through Eurowestern frames of thought 3) the aim is always to inform meaning-making practices for white settlers, as opposed to Indigenous people; and 4) engagement of cultural rhetorics aim of epistemic disobedience, or delinking, from settler logics. Shifting whiteness from communicative identity to inhabiting whiteness as a decolonial enactment manifests whiteness in the peripheries of decolonial futures. An embrace of decolonial haole rhetoric and methodology maintains the colonial history between white settlers and Native Hawaiians, where rather than feigning innocence, white settlers instead consider histories of colonialism as sites on which to build responsible relationalities that may be productive for efforts of decolonization. This project demonstrates how Indigeneity can inform haole epistemological delinking, and how obligations, friendship, and intimacies are forged in colonial situations.
- White Memory and the (Counter)Stories We Might TellGray, Katherine Maire (Virginia Tech, 2023-09-05)White Memory and the (Counter)Stories We Might Tell examines public history narratives to explore how Virginia Tech, a Predominantly White Institution (PWI), tells stories about its relationships with marginalized communities. I ask what we should do with archives that exceed institutional progress narratives. Specifically, I foreground White memory, a process through which (mis)remembering public history creates a network of meaning-making practices that undergird and support hegemonic storytelling and worldmaking. To explore White memory, I constructed two case studies of Virginia Tech public history events. Using queer and decolonial archival methodologies, I practice what Mira Shimabukuro (2015) called "rhetorical attendance"; then, I construct counterstories to call storytellers to account for flattening and compression in progress narratives. First, I examined 1872 Forward, VT's sesquicentennial celebration, held in March 2022. Then, I explored Denim Day Do-Over, a 2019 event in which White memory obscured queer protests. Through juxtaposition, I discovered and highlighted narratives in tension. These tensions make clear the struggle for equity at a PWI and challenge the notion that progress is linear. Successful institutional diversity work with and for marginalized people requires three key characteristics: ongoingness, accountability, and relationship. One-time diversity events are not enough to change the conditions of institutional inequity. Rather, to combat tendencies towards White memory, Virginia Tech must create ongoing, accountable relationships by working in coalitions with marginalized communities. Ultimately, I argue that institutional work with marginalized communities must continue beyond special events to make material, in addition to symbolic, changes.
- Writing With Data: A Study of Coding on a Data-Journalism TeamLindgren, Chris A. (SAGE, 2020-11-11)Coding has typically been understood as an engineering practice, where the meaning of code has discrete boundaries as a technology that does precisely what it says. Multidisciplinary code studies reframed this technological perspective by positing code as the latest form of writing, where code’s meaning is always partial and dependent on situational factors. Building out from this premise, this article theorizes coding as a form of writing with data through a qualitative case study of a web developer’s coding on a data-journalism team. I specifically theorize code as a form of intermediary writing to examine how his coding to process and analyze data sets involved the construction and negotiation of emergent problems throughout his coding tasks. Findings suggest how he integrated previous coding experience with an emerging sense of how code helped him write and revise the data. I conclude by considering the implications of these findings and discuss how writing and code studies could develop mutually informative approaches to coding as a situated and relational writing activity.