4th International Symposium on Naturalistic Driving Research
Permanent URI for this collection
The National Surface Transportation Safety Center for Excellence (NSTSCE) at Virginia Tech Transportation Institute hosted the Fourth International Symposium on Naturalistic Driving Research at The Inn at Virginia Tech and Skelton Conference Center in Blacksburg, Virginia from August 25-28th, 2014.
The two-day international symposium (preceded and followed by full-day workshops on Monday, August 25th and Thursday, August 28th) gathered experts in the field of naturalistic driving research to discuss a wide range of topics.
Browse
Browsing 4th International Symposium on Naturalistic Driving Research by Issue Date
Now showing 1 - 20 of 36
Results Per Page
Sort Options
- Using Naturalistic Driving Data to Examine Age and Gender Differences on Seat Belt UseBao, Shan; Xiong, Huimin; Sayer, James; Buonarosa, Mary Lynn (2014-08-25)Teens and young drivers are often reported as one driver group that has significantly lower seatbelt use rates than other age groups. Objective This study was designed to address the questions of whether and how seatbelt-use behavior of novice teen drivers is different from young adult drivers and other adult drivers when driving on real roads. Method Driving data from 148 drivers who participated in two previous naturalistic driving studies were further analyzed. The combined dataset represents 313,500 miles, 37,695 valid trips, and about 9500 h of driving. Drivers did not wear their seatbelts at all during 1284 trips. Two dependent variables were calculated, whether and when drivers used seatbelts during a trip, and analyzed using logistic regression models. Results Results of this study found significant differences in the likelihood of seatbelt use between novice teen drivers and each of the three adult groups. Novice teen drivers who recently received their driver's licenses were the most likely to use a seatbelt, followed by older drivers, middle-aged drivers, and young drivers. Young drivers were the least likely to use a seatbelt. Older drivers were also more likely to use seatbelts than the other two adult groups. The results also showed that novice teen drivers were more likely to fasten their seatbelts at the beginning of a trip when compared to the other three adult groups. Summary Novice teen drivers who were still in the first year after obtaining their driver's license were the most conservative seatbelt users, when compared to adult drivers. Practical application Findings from this study have practical application insights in both developing training programs for novice teen drivers and designing seatbelt reminder and interlock systems to promote seatbelt use in certain driver groups.
- Examining the Relationship between Drug Use and Involvement in a Safety-Critical EventCamden, Matthew C.; Soccolich, Susan A.; Hickman, Jeffrey S.; Hanowski, Richard J. (2014-08-25)
- LiDAR: Another Potential Data SourceHarwood, Leslie C.; Doerzaph, Zachary R. (2014-08-25)LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is a valuable tool for evaluating line of sight. Though setup is time-intensive, it can to be used as an automated process. It is more objective and efficient than video reduction or survey methods.
- Naturalistic Drive Cycles Analysis and Synthesis for Pick-up TrucksLiu, Zifan; Ivanco, Andrej; Filipi, Zoran (2014-08-25)Future pick-up trucks are meeting much stricter fuel economy and exhaust emission standards. Design tradeoffs will have to be carefully evaluated to satisfy consumer expectations within the regulatory and cost constraints. Boundary conditions will obviously be critical for decision making: thus, the understanding of how customers are driving in naturalistic settings is indispensable. Federal driving schedules, while critical for certification, do not capture the richness of naturalistic cycles, particularly the aggressive maneuvers that often shape consumer perception of performance. While there are databases with large number of drive cycles, applying all of them directly in the design process is impractical. Therefore, representative drive cycles that capture the essence of the naturalistic driving should be synthesized from naturalistic driving data. Method Naturalistic drive cycles are firstly categorized by investigating their micro-trip components, defined as driving activities between successive stops. Micro-trips are expected to characterize underlying local traffic conditions, and separate different driving patterns. Next, the transitions from one vehicle state to another vehicle state in each cycle category are captured with Transition Probability Matrix (TPM). Candidate drive cycles can subsequently be synthesized using Markov Chain based on TPMs for each category. Finally, representative synthetic drive cycles are selected through assessment of significant cycle metrics to identify the ones with smallest errors. Summary This paper provides a framework for synthesis of representative drive cycles from naturalistic driving data, which can subsequently be used for efficient optimization of design or control of pick-up truck powertrains. Impact on industry Manufacturers will benefit from representative drive cycles in several aspects, including quick assessments of vehicle performance and energy consumption in simulations, component sizing and design, optimization of control strategies, and vehicle testing under real-world conditions. This is in contrast to using federal certification test cycles, which were never intended to capture pickup truck segment.
- A Complex Driving Scenario for Describing Safety-Critical Event CausationDunn, Naomi J.; Hickman, Jeffrey S.; Hanowski, Richard J. (2014-08-25)
- Data Mining for Driver Behavior in Normal DrivingGuyonvarc'h, Laurette; Josseaume, Francoise; Chauvel, Cyril; Guillaume, Anne; Lutz, Michael (2014-08-25)Driving behavior
- Video-Based Measure Of Driver Heart Rate For Naturalistic Driving DataKuo, Jonny; Koppel, Sjaan; Charlton, Judith (2014-08-25)Internal driver events such as emotional arousal do not consistently elicit observable behaviors. However, heart rate (HR) offers promise as a surrogate measure for predicting these states in drivers. Imaging photoplethysmography (IPPG) can measure HR from face video recorded in static, indoor settings, but has yet to be examined in an in-vehicle driving environment. Methods Participants (N = 10) completed an on-road driving task whilst wearing a commercial, chest-strap style heart rate monitor (“baseline”). IPPG was applied to driver face video to estimate HR and the two measures of HR were compared. Results For 4 of 10 participants, IPPG produced a valid HR signal (± 5 BPM of baseline) between 48 and 75% of trip duration. For the remaining participants, IPPG accuracy was poor (< 20%). Conclusions In-vehicle IPPG is achievable, but significant challenges remain. Practical applications The relationship between IPPG accuracy and various confounding factors was quantified for future refinement.
- Naturalistic Assessment of the First 10 Hours of Driving: The Supervised PracticeEhsani, Johnathon P.; Simons-Morton, Bruce G.; Klauer, Charlie; Lee, Suzanne E.; Guo, Feng; Dingus, Thomas A. (2014-08-25)
- Automated Drive Analysis of Naturalistic Driving Studies with Looking-out VideoGunaratne, Pujitha; Martin, Sujitha; Ohn-Bar, Eshed; Satzoda, Ravi; Trivedi, Mohan (2014-08-25)
- Evaluation of feedback to truck drivers to increase safe driving behaviors: Preliminary findingsBell, Jennifer L.; Wirth, Oliver; Taylor, Matt; Chen, Guang-Xiang; Kirk, Rachel (2014-08-25)
- Time Series Analysis of Driver Behavior on CurvesWang, Bo; Hallmark, Shauna; Oneyear, Nicole (2014-08-25)Over half of motor vehicle fatalities are roadway departures, with rural horizontal curves being of particular interest because they make up only a small share of the system mileage but have a crash rate that is significantly higher than tangent sections. However the interaction between the driver and roadway environment is not well understood, and, as a result, it is difficult to select appropriate countermeasures. Method In order to address this knowledge gap, data from the SHRP 2 naturalistic driving study were used to develop relationships between driver, roadway, and environmental characteristics and risk of a road departure on rural curves. The SHRP 2 NDS collected data from over 3,000 male and female volunteer passenger vehicle drivers, ages 16–98, during a three year period, with most drivers participating between one to two years. A Roadway Information Database was collected in parallel and contains detailed roadway data collected on more than 12,500 centerline miles of highways in and around the study sites. Results Roadway data were reduced for rural 2-lane curves and included factors such as geometry, shoulder type, presence of rumble strips, etc. Environmental and traffic characteristics, such as time of day, ambient conditions, or whether the subject vehicle was following another vehicle, were reduced from the forward roadway video view. Driver characteristics, such as glance location and distraction were reduced from the driver and over the shoulder videos. Conclusions Logistic regression models were developed to assess the probability (odds) of a given type of encroachment based on driver, roadway, and environmental characteristics. At the point this study was undertaken, crashes and near crashes were not yet available and only around 1/3 of the full SHRP NDS dataset could be queried. As a result, the likelihood of crossing the right or left lane line (encroachments) and speeding were used as dependent variables.
- Using NDS Video Data to Evaluate the Impact of Offset Left-Turn Lanes on Gap Acceptance BehaviorBauer, Karin M.; Hutton, Jessica M. (2014-08-25)The Strategic Highway Research Program 2 (SHRP 2) Naturalistic Driving Study (NDS) data were used to evaluate gap acceptance behavior of drivers at left-turn lanes with negative, zero, or positive offsets ranging from − 29 ft to + 6 ft. The objectives of the study were to develop guidance for the design of offset left-turn lanes used as a safety countermeasure, and to provide insight regarding the use of the NDS data to future users.
- An Overview of Methods and Key Findings from the NTDS: The Naturalistic Teenage Driving Study: Methods and Selected FindingsSimons-Morton, Bruce G.; Klauer, Charlie; Guo, Feng; Lee, Suzanne E.; Ouimet, Marie-Claude; Albert, Paul S.; Dingus, Thomas A. (2014-08-25)This paper summarizes the findings on novice teenage driving outcomes (e.g., crashes and risky driving behaviors) from the Naturalistic Teenage Driving Study. Method Survey and driving data from a data acquisition system (global positioning system, accelerometers, cameras) were collected from 42 newly licensed teenage drivers and their parents during the first 18 months of teenage licensure; stress responsivity was also measured in teenagers. Result Overall teenage crash and near-crash (CNC) rates declined over time, but were > 4 times higher among teenagers than adults. Contributing factors to teenage CNC rates included secondary task engagement (e.g., distraction), kinematic risky driving, low stress responsivity, and risky social norms. Conclusions The data support the contention that the high novice teenage CNC risk is due both to inexperience and risky driving behavior, particularly kinematic risky driving and secondary task engagement. Practical Applications Graduated driver licensing policy and other prevention efforts should focus on kinematic risky driving, secondary task engagement, and risky social norms.
- Crowd-sourced Connected-vehicle Warning Algorithm using Naturalistic Driving DataNoble, Alexandria M.; McLaughlin, Shane B.; Doerzaph, Zachary R.; Dingus, Thomas A. (2014-08-25)
- Weighted Feature Extraction for Driving Maneuver Recognition: A Study using Naturalistic UTDrive DataZheng, Yang; Sathyanarayana, Amardeep; Hansen, John H. L. (2014-08-25)
- Data and IRB issues in International Naturalistic Driving StudyLee, Suzanne E. (2014-08-25)Cultural expectations vary among regions; there are different expectations of privacy, volunteering criteria, and duties as a citizen. These differences such as driving laws may very well augment the risks that participants face. That being, if someone is considering being a human subject, he or she should become familiar with current laws/policies regarding human subjects. He or she should also learn about the collaborators and their familiarity with human subjects. Lastly, consent documents should be recognized as explicit with regard to international aspects specifically stating who will have access to the compiled data.
- Video Based Validation of a Maneuver Classification Algorithm for Naturalistic Driving DataHargutt, Volker; Landau, Andreas; Metz, Barbara; Neukum, Alexandra (2014-08-25)
- Development of an automatized algorithm for the classification of driving maneuvers. (/li>
- Using video coded trips for developing and evaluating algorithms for maneuver classification. (/li>
- A high detection rate for different maneuvers was achieved. (/li>
- Structure of classification allows to detect more complex maneuvers (for example overtaking). (/li>
- Maneuvers build a base for a better analysis of ND-data, for example distracted driving.(/li>
- Drivers' Visual Behavior When Using Hand-Held and Hands-Free Cell PhonesFitch, Gregory M.; Guo, Feng; Hanowski, Richard J.; Perez, M. P. (2014-08-25)This study investigated driver distraction and how the use of handheld (HH), portable hands-free (PHF), and integrated hands-free (IHF) cell phones affected the visual behavior of motor vehicle drivers. Method A naturalistic driving study recorded 204 participating drivers using video cameras and vehicle sensors for an average of 31 days. A total of 1564 cell phone calls made and 844 text messages sent while driving were sampled and underwent a video review. Baselines were established by recording epochs prior to the cell phone interactions. Total eyes-off-road time (TEORT) was examined to assess the visual demands of cell phone subtasks while driving. Percent TEORT was reported and compared against the baseline. Results Visual-manual subtasks performed on HH, PHF, and IHF cell phones were found to significantly increase drivers' mean percent TEORT. In contrast, conversing on an HH cell phone was found to significantly decrease drivers' mean percent TEORT, indicating that drivers looked at the forward roadway more often. No significant differences in percent TEORT were found for drivers conversing using PHF or IHF cell phones. The mean TEORT durations for visual-manual subtasks performed on an HH cell phone were significantly longer than the mean TEORT durations on either IHF or PHF cell phones. Practical applications This research helps to further reinforce the distinction made between handheld and hands-free cell phone use in transportation distraction policy.