Scholarly Works, Apparel, Housing, and Resource Management
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- Are Millennials leaving town? Reconciling peak Millennials and youthification hypothesesLee, Hyojung (2021-01-11)Are Millennials leaving town? Yes, they are. Are young adults leaving town? No, they are not. The seemingly contradicting answers are due to the fact that age and birth cohort are distinct concepts. Showing how these two phenomena can coexist, this paper aims to provide detailed and timely information on how Millennials are faring compared to previous generations in the United States. Using the 1962-2019 Current Population Survey (CPS), the paper first analyzes the current status of Millennials, in terms of various demographic and socio-economic dimensions, and compares them with those of older generations at the same ages. The results indicate that Millennials did experience delays in transition into adulthood, but they have started to catch up in recent years. Then this paper examines the residential location of young adults and Millennials across metropolitan status, and across urban and suburban areas of the largest 50 Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) in the United States. The analysis based on the confidential version of the 2006-2019 American Community Survey (ACS) microdata confirms that the early Millennials have started to migrate from urban to suburban areas, consistent with the peak Millennial hypothesis, and that the urban presence of young adults has increased over time, consistent with the youthification hypothesis. Reconciling the two hypotheses, this paper discusses the implications of ongoing demographic shifts for the future urban landscape. Highlights Early Millennials have started to migrate to suburbs as they age into their 30s. Yet, the presence of young adults age 25-34 in urban areas has also grown. This study reconciles the two seemingly conflicting trends with empirical evidence. Policymakers need to address the shift in Millennial demand towards suburban homes. Policymakers should also expect sustained demand for urban living among young adults.
- Arthurdale Reviewed: Sustainable New Deal Housing in AppalachiaGalford, Gregory; Tucker, Lisa M. (2021-05-21)This work in progress is connected to Eleanor Roosevelt’s passion to provide residents of an Appalachian coal-mining town an opportunity to live in a community based on principles of sustainability and social justice. Arthurdale, West Virginia was designed as an ideal community with each family receiving a new home and a plot of land with sufficient acreage to produce their own needs for food. Each home had its own above-ground root cellar and was designed to make the family as independent as possible. Local artisan workshops provided wage-earning jobs and community functions were housed in a town center building. This work in progress revisits that town to learn from the residents how the models have transformed with time. Most houses are still in existence, but with alterations to suit changing needs. The goal of this study is to see what insights of sustainable design can be gleaned from the lived experience of its residents over time. A mixed methods approach will be used, with both surveys and interviews used as tools within both a quantitative and qualitative framework. Expected results will find that longitudinal differences in family lifestyle are reflected in home renovations, and the demographic changes in family makeup have had a strong influence on home adaptations. As new generations of homeowners seek innovations in housing models, the historical lessons of Arthurdale can provide relevance.
- Bank adaptation to neighborhood change: Mortgage lending and the Community Reinvestment ActLee, Hyojung; Bostic, Raphael W. (2020-03)This research explores whether banks strategically leverage regulatory rules for the Community Reinvestment Act that fix a neighborhood's eligibility status over a decade based on a neighborhood's economic trajectory over that decade. Using 2004-2011 Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) data, we find that banks approve loans more frequently in those neighborhoods that are most rapidly improving, and that this effect is stronger if the neighborhoods are CRA-eligible low- and moderate-income (LMI) tracts. We find the "moving up" CRA premium ranges in magnitude from a 2 to 13 percent reduction in the likelihood an application is not approved. These results suggest that banks learn which neighborhoods are most rapidly improving and funnel activity to those places to reduce default risk while complying with the fair lending regulation. The results imply a potential unanticipated consequence of the regulation is that it changes the distribution of resources within the target population.
- Children and Family Finances. Kid's AllowanceJones, Sheree; Hayhoe, Celia Ray (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2009-12-23)There are seven main categories on which the USDA bases its calculations for raising a child: housing, food, transportation, clothing, health care, childcare, education, and miscellaneous goods and services. This is an overview of kid's allowance.
- Children and Family Finances. Paying for CollegeHayhoe, Celia Ray (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2009-12-23)There are seven main categories on which the USDA bases its calculations for raising a child: housing, food, transportation, clothing, health care, childcare, education, and miscellaneous goods and services. This is an overview of paying for college.
- Children and Family Finances. Saving for CollegeHayhoe, Celia Ray; Hsu, Chungwen (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2009-12-23)There are seven main categories on which the USDA bases its calculations for raising a child: housing, food, transportation, clothing, health care, childcare, education, and miscellaneous goods and services. This is an overview of saving for college.
- Children and Family Finances. Tax BenefitsHayhoe, Celia Ray; Hsu, Chungwen (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2009-12-23)There are seven main categories on which the USDA bases its calculations for raising a child: housing, food, transportation, clothing, health care, childcare, education, and miscellaneous goods and services. This is an overview of tax benefits.
- Children and Family Finances. The Cost of Raising a ChildHayhoe, Celia Ray; Hsu, Chungwen (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2009-12-23)There are seven main categories on which the USDA bases its calculations for raising a child: housing, food, transportation, clothing, health care, childcare, education, and miscellaneous goods and services. This is an overview of those seven categories.
- College Students' Perceived Attributes of Internet Websites and Online ShoppingSeock, You-Kyoung; Norton, Marjorie J. T. (Project Innovation (Alabama), 2008-03)The purpose of this study was to examine perceptions of attributes of clothing retailers' Internet websites in relation to previous and intended future purchase from the websites. Survey data from 414 U.S. college students, non-married and aged 18-22 with online clothing shopping experience and favorite clothing websites were used. Five clothing website attributes were identified by factor analysis (i.e., product information, customer service, privacy/security, navigation, auditory experience/comparison shopping). Multiple regression results showed positive relationships between frequency of previous purchase from websites and perceived product-information, customer-service, and privacy-and-security attributes of the websites, and between future intended purchase from websites and perceived customer-service attributes of the websites. Implications were discussed for effective website design by clothing marketers and for consumer education of college students.
- Comparisons of fabric care performances between conventional and high-efficiency washers and dryersChen-Yu, Jessie H.; Emmel, JoAnn (2018-08-30)High-efficiency (HE) washers use 35–50% less water and about 50% less energy per load than conventional washers. However, there has been a consistent debate as to whether HE washers perform better or worse in garment care than conventional washers. Consumers need research-based information that would help them make informed decisions concerning the purchase of a clothes washer. The purpose of this study was to compare fabric hand, appearance retention (strain removal, color change, and fabric smoothness), and dimension stability (dimensional change and skewness change) after the specimens were repeatedly washed and dried for up to 20 cycles in three combinations of washer and dryer used: (a) conventional washer and dryer, (b) HE washer and conventional dryer, and (c) HE washer and dryer. The results showed that the specimens washed in the HE washer had better fabric hand and were smoother (fewer wrinkles) than those washed in the conventional washer. Conventional and HE washers performed similarly in color change, dimensional change, and skewness change. In regard to dryer, all results except those for stain removal showed no significant differences between the specimens dried in the conventional dryer and those dried in the HE dryer. In stain removal, when a softener was not used, the conventional dryer removed more stains from the specimens than the HE dryer. However, when a softener was used, the stains on the specimens dried in the conventional dryer were more difficult to remove than those on the specimens dried in the HE dryer.
- Consumer characteristics and the moderating roles of product presentation in online apparel impulse buying behaviorChen-Yu, Jessie H.; Kincade, Doris H.; Rhee, YoungJu (2021-11-04)
- Data Cities: How Satellites are Transforming Architecture and Design [Book review]Galford, Gregory (SAGE, 2022-01-03)
- Deciding if Bankruptcy is an Option for YouHayhoe, Celia Ray; Goebel, Karen P. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2009-05-01)When you have incurred more debt than you think you can reasonably repay, bankruptcy may be a way to debt relief. Filing for bankruptcy, however, brings long-term consequences for your credit rating. This is an overview of those benefits and consequences of bankruptcy.
- Disability Income InsuranceHayhoe, Celia Ray; Smith, Mike, CPF (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2009-06-01)The purpose of disability income insurance is to partially replace your income if you are unable to work because of sickness or an accident. This guide reviews the types of disability insurance, important terms and concepts and employer provided benefits.
- Doing time: Perceptions of time within correctional environmentsGalford, Gregory (2021-05-19)Time as an environmental factor has been felt differently this past year as everyone has had to remain in close quarters and in isolation from others. The infringement on our movement has led us to have different perceptions of our immediate environment. We know that the passage of time has largely seemed both slow and fast (Levine, 2008). The purpose of this study is to investigate how people sense time within environments that control them. This research addresses the question of whether we can learn about our own time perceptions when inhabiting physically controlling environments for a long period (Bauman & Lyon, 2013). The literature for this review relies heavily on philosophy, surveillance studies, and criminology. Philosophical writings by Merleau-Ponty, Husserl, Freud, and Heidegger act as conceptual frames for the research, and identify gaps in design literature that connect perceptions of space to time (Merleau-Ponty, 1962). The design of this work is qualitative in methodology with grounded theory used as a method to code the data for emergent themes. The data was collected within two prisons in a large northeastern state where stakeholders had direct experience with solitary confinement environments. Interviews, observations, document analysis, and photographic analysis were used as research tools. Findings are that mental well-being is connected to a personal ability to positively engage time in restricted housing environments (Rapoport, 1982). Inmates use a variety of tools including faith, family support, personal artifacts connected to memory, views to nature beyond, and personal meditation.
- The effect of fan-themed apparel products’ signal explicitness on fans’ perceptions: the moderating effect of fanshipSmith-Glaviana, Dina C.; Lee, Jung Eun (2022-06-05)This study investigated how film franchise fans with varying levels of fanship perceive subtle versus explicit signals featured on fan-themed apparel products. A between-subjects experimental design was conducted with two fan-themed t-shirt designs (explicit vs. subtle) × fanship (low vs. high). In this study, the joint effect between subtle vs. explicit designs and fanship was examined to address perceived differentiation, social connection, and purchase intention. For perceived differentiation and social connection, fans with high fanship perceived the subtle design to be more effective than explicit designs. While fans with low fanship perceived the subtle design to be more effective for differentiation, they perceived that the explicit design facilitated social connection more than the subtle design. When fans perceived that signals featured on fan-themed apparel products differentiated themselves from others and facilitated social connection, their purchase intentions increased. The study yielded several theoretical and practical implications. First, the study contributed to the literature on signaling theory, extending the definition of subtle signals to include a more diverse range of design details, such as the content of graphics rather than the visibility and size of brand logos. The study also extended the use of signaling theory and optimal distinctiveness theory to new research areas of fan-themed products. Second, practical implications for producers, marketers, and retailers of fan-themed apparel included the consideration of developing fan-themed apparel with subtle signals, co-creating products with fans, and targeting female fans through more inclusive merchandising practices.
- Effects of price discount on consumers’ perceptions of savings, quality, and value for apparel products: mediating effect of price discount affectLee, Jung E.; Chen-Yu, Jessie H. (2018-02-15)Extending the price–quality–value model (Monroe and Krishnan in The perception of merchandise and store quality 209–232, 1985) and means-end model (Zeithaml in J Mark 52:2–22, 1988), we developed a conceptual model to investigate the mediating role of price discount affect (feeling aroused by price discounts) in the relationship between price discounts and consumers’ perceptions (perceived savings, quality, and value) and in the relationship between perceived value and purchase intentions in the context of online apparel products. A between-subject experimental design with four levels of price discounts (10, 30, 50, and 70%) was used. Jeans were selected as the product stimulus. Web pages were developed to create a fictional online store and to collect data. A total of 209 usable responses were collected by a research firm in the United States, and structural equation modeling was performed to analyze the data. The results showed that price discount affect played an important mediating role in the relationship between price discounts and consumers’ perceptions. When the direct effect of price discounts on perceived quality was examined, consumers perceived the apparel product with higher discounts as lower quality (i.e., a negative direct relationship). However, when price discount affect served as a mediator, the feelings created by a price discount led to a positive perception of product quality (i.e., a positive indirect relationship). By considering the influence of price discount affect, our model provides a better understanding of the effect of price discounts on consumers’ perceptions of apparel products.
- Emergencies : are you prepared? : your personal checklist of important documentsFlashman, Robert H.; Hayhoe, Celia Ray; Lesueur, Alex (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2003)
- Emergencies. Are You Prepared? Your Personal Checklist of Important DocumentsFlashman, Robert H.; Hayhoe, Celia Ray; Lesueur, Alex (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2009-05-01)Life's emergency situations require advance preparation and planning. The first step is organizing your papers and communicating with appropriate individuals. Provided is a checklist to help organize and document important papers and household items.
- Families Taking Charge. Dealing with the StressHayhoe, Celia Ray (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2009-05-01)Families Taking Charge is a multi-part series for individuals and families experiencing financial stress as a result of difficult economic times. This publication focuses on dealing with stress.