Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Innovation Lab (CIRED)

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https://hdl.handle.net/10919/82125

The overall mission of the Integrated Pest Management Innovation Lab is to raise the standard of living while creating sustainable development. The program works to develop and implement a replicable approach to IPM.

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2017 IPM IL Annual Report
(Virginia Tech, 2017)
Published every year, our reports detail work, accomplishments, training, and publications from each of our programs.
2018 Integrated Pest Management Innovation Lab Semi-Annual Report (October 1 2017 - March 31 2018)
(Virginia Tech, 2018-03-31)
Published every year, our reports detail work, accomplishments, training, and publications from each of our programs.
2019 Integrated Pest Management Innovation Lab Annual Report (2018-2019)
(Virginia Tech, 2019)
In FY 2019, the IPM Innovation Lab concentrated on developing technologies and management options for fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Africa and Asia. This pest was introduced to Nigeria by accident in early 2016, and by 2017, it had reached most of sub-Saharan Africa. In May 2018, it was detected in the Sivamogga hills in the southern part of India. Since then, it has spread to Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Myanmar, China, Thailand, Indonesia, Cambodia, Laos, South Korea, Japan, the Philippines, and Taiwan. The IPM IL addresses fall armyworm with emphasis on biological control, integrating it with other compatible technologies. Currently, steps are being taken to multiply and field release two naturalized parasitoids in Asia and Africa, Trichogramma spp. (Hym: Trichogrammatidae) and Telenomus remus Nixon (Hym.: Platygastridae), both known to be effective in suppressing the population of FAW in Central and South America. IPM IL has continued to transfer technologies developed within its eligible host countries to the rest of the globe by participating in and organizing symposia and workshops in national, regional, international conferences and meetings. In October 2018, IPM IL participated in the international workshop on FAW management in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. At the same time, surveys were conducted in maize fields in Ethiopia and the occurrence of the egg parasitoid, T. remus on eggs of FAW was confirmed. An awareness workshop on possible invasion of FAW into Nepal was conducted in Kathmandu, Nepal in November 2018. Based on the unconfirmed reports of the occurrence of FAW in Nepal in May 2019, IPM IL participated in an awareness and management workshop organized by the USAID mission in Nepal.
2019 Integrated Pest Management Innovation Lab Semi-Annual Report (2018-2019)
(Virginia Tech, 2019)
Key accomplishments this reporting period from the IPM Innovation Lab include, to name a few, continued monitoring and management of invasive species, mitigating pests and diseases on staple crops, and human and institutional capacity development of students, smallholder farmers, the private sector, and others.
2020 Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Integrated Pest Management Semi-Annual Report
(Virginia Tech, 2020)
Published every year, our reports detail work, accomplishments, training, and publications from each of our programs.
Biocontrol of Fall Armyworm: The Chain Reaction that Led to Regional and Cross-Continental Management
(Virginia Tech, 2020)
This success story details the IPM Innovation Lab's research and efforts to combat the fall armyworm infestation in Africa.
Climatic Trends in Different Bioclimatic Zones in the Chitwan Annapurna Landscape, Nepal
Luitel, Dol Raj; Jha, Pramod K.; Siwakoti, Mohan; Shrestha, Madan Lall; Muniappan, Rangaswamy (Muni) (MDPI, 2020-11-20)
The Chitwan Annapurna Landscape (CHAL) is the central part of the Himalayas and covers all bioclimatic zones with major endemism of flora, unique agro-biodiversity, environmental, cultural and socio-economic importance. Not much is known about temperature and precipitation trends along the different bioclimatic zones nor how changes in these parameters might impact the whole natural process, including biodiversity and ecosystems, in the CHAL. Analysis of daily temperature and precipitation time series data (1970–2019) was carried out in seven bioclimatic zones extending from lowland Terai to the higher Himalayas. The non-parametric Mann-Kendall test was applied to determine the trends, which were quantified by Sen’s slope. Annual and decade interval average temperature, precipitation trends, and lapse rate were analyzed in each bioclimatic zone. In the seven bioclimatic zones, precipitation showed a mixed pattern of decreasing and increasing trends (four bioclimatic zones showed a decreasing and three bioclimatic zones an increasing trend). Precipitation did not show any particular trend at decade intervals but the pattern of rainfall decreases after 2000AD. The average annual temperature at different bioclimatic zones clearly indicates that temperature at higher elevations is increasing significantly more than at lower elevations. In lower tropical bioclimatic zone (LTBZ), upper tropical bioclimatic zone (UTBZ), lower subtropical bioclimatic zone (LSBZ), upper subtropical bioclimatic zone (USBZ), and temperate bioclimatic zone (TBZ), the average temperature increased by 0.022, 0.030, 0.036, 0.042 and 0.051 °C/year, respectively. The decade level temperature scenario revealed that the hottest decade was from 1999–2009 and average decade level increases of temperature at different bioclimatic zones ranges from 0.2 to 0.27 °C /decade. The average temperature and precipitation was found clearly different from one bioclimatic zone to other. This is the first time that bioclimatic zone level precipitation and temperature trends have been analyzed for the CHAL. The rate of additional temperature rise at higher altitudes compared to lower elevations meets the requirements to mitigate climate change in different bioclimatic zones in a different ways. This information would be fundamental to safeguarding vulnerable communities, ecosystem and relevant climate-sensitive sectors from the impact of climate change through formulation of sector-wise climate change adaptation strategies and improving the livelihood of rural communities.
Cycad Aulacaspis Scale, a Newly Introduced Insect Pest in Indonesia
Muniappan, Rangaswamy (Muni); Watson, Gillian W.; Evans, Gregory Allyn; Rauf, Aunu; Von Ellenrieder, Natalia (Department of Biology, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia, 2012-09)
Cycad aulacaspis scale (Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)) is native to Thailand and Vietnam. Since the early 1990s it has been spreading around the world due to the trade in cycad plants for ornamental use. Infestation by this scale can kill cycads in only a few months. Its accidental introduction to Florida endangered the ornamental cycad-growing industry; and in Guam and Taiwan, endemic cycads (Cycas micronesica and C. taitungensis, respectively) are currently threatened with extinction by cycad aulacaspis scale. In November 2011, an introduced scale was discovered damaging cycads in the Bogor Botanic Garden. Samples from Bogor were taken for identification of the scale, and the material was kept for some time to rear out any insect parasitoids that were present. Both the scale insects and parasitoids were prepared on microscope slides and studied microscopically for authoritative identification. The scale was confirmed as A. yasumatsui. The parasitoid Arrhenophagus chionaspidis Aurivillius (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and the hyperparasitoid Signiphora bifasciata Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae) were identified from the samples. Unless immediate remedial measures are taken, several endemic species of cycad in Indonesia may be endangered by infestation by cycad aulacaspis scale.
Development of an optimum diet for mass rearing of the rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), and production of the parasitoid, Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), for the control of pearl millet head miner
Amadou, Laouali; Baoua, Ibrahim; Ba, Malick N.; Muniappan, Rangaswamy (Muni) (Library of the University of Arizona, 2019-02-28)
The rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica Stainton, an alternate host for the production of the parasitoid, Habrobracon hebetor Say, was reared on different diets, including pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] (Poales: Poaceae) flour only, and in combinations of flours of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] (Poales: Poaceae), peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) (Fabales: Fabaceae), and cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] (Fabales: Fabaceae) to identify the optimal and economical proportion to be used under the conditions of Niger. The addition of cowpea or peanut to the pearl millet diet slightly increased C. cephalonica larval development time. Likewise, the addition of cowpea or peanut to cereal diets yielded a higher C. cephalonica larval survival. Female moths emerging from larvae fed on cereal and legume mixed diets produced higher eggs compared to the ones fed on sole and mixed cereals. Among legumes, cowpea addition is most interesting in terms of cost/production of C. cephalonica larvae. However, female moths emerging from larvae fed on different millet cowpea mix (5, 25, and 50%) laid significantly more eggs than those fed on sole pearl millet. Further, individual C. cephalonica larvae fed on 75% pearl millet + 25% cowpea produced significantly more H. hebetor. With an initial 25 C. cephalonica larvae kept for a 3-mo rearing period, the number of H. hebetor parasitoids produced will reach 2.68–10.07 million. In terms of cost/production ratio, the 75% pearl millet: 25% cowpea yielded better results. © The Author(s) 2019.
Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Integrated Pest Management (IPM): A program at the Center for International Research, Education, and Development
(Virginia Tech, 2020)
This booklet offers an overview of the Feed the Future program’s current and past projects as of 2020.
Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Integrated Pest Management 2020 Annual Report
(Virginia Tech, 2020)
This is the 2020 annual report for the IPM Innovation Lab. While 2020 has been marked by the rise of the COVID-19 pandemic, the IPM Innovation Lab (IPM IL) has continued to see progress in its projects.
Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Integrated Pest Management 2021 Semi-Annual Report (Sept. 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021)
(Virginia Tech, 2021)
This is the 2021 semi-annual report for the IPM Innovation Lab, covering the period of September 1, 2020, through March 31, 2021.
Feed the Future Innovation Lab for IPM: A Decade of Innovation, 2004-2014
(Virginia Tech, 2015-11)
In celebration of ten years of achievements, we’ve created a report that highlights the great work of our scientists and collaborating partners around the world.
Feed the Future IPM Innovation Lab: A Critical Role in Global Food Security
Muniappan, Rangaswamy (Muni); Heinrichs, Elvis A. (Research Information Ltd., 2015-08)
The need: food security The World Food Summit of 1966 defined “food security” as existing “when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life.” Food insecurity is part of a continuum that includes hunger (food deprivation), malnutrition (deficiencies, imbalances, or excess of nutrients) and famine. Although difficult to measure, food security statistics indicate that there is a food crisis in a stressed world. Consider these facts: • 805 million people suffer from malnutrition. • Most of the 805 million are in Southern Asia (35%), sub-Saharan Africa (27%), and Eastern Asia (19%). • 99% of the undernourished live in developing countries. • 642 million people in Asia and the Pacific are undernourished. • 6 million children’s deaths/year are linked to malnutrition.
A Guide to Biological Control of Fall Armyworm in Africa Using Egg Parasitoids
Tefera, Tadele; Goftishu, Muluken; Ba, Malick N.; Muniappan, Rangaswamy (Muni) (Virginia Tech, 2019)
The Integrated Pest Management Innovation Lab (IPM IL) has been addressing the Fall Armyworm (FAW) problem in Africa since May 2017, when it invaded Ethiopia. Even though FAW prefers maize, it is polyphagous and can infest over 300 species of plants. Several workshops supported by international organizations were held in different parts of Africa over the past three years; however, they mostly concentrated broadly on IPM approaches for FAW management on maize, with little or no emphasis given for management on other crops. The IPM IL has consistently focused on biological control of FAW since its involvement, as this approach can tackle this pest not only on maize but also on other crops, and additionally, it can suppress the pest on a farm, village, province, country, or regional basis depending upon the effort and resources that are made available. Further, it is compatible with joint application with all other IPM tactics in the field, except that of chemical pesticides, which would most likely impede processes using biological control. The IPM IL, in collaboration with icipe and ICRISAT-Niger, has identified egg parasitoids – Trichogramma spp. and Telenomus remus – and some larval parasitoids which attack FAW in Africa. It is known that these parasitoids are amenable for augmentative biological control and they are being used in augmentative biological control of FAW in the Caribbean and South America. This publication provides information on rearing and release of these parasitoids under African conditions. The IPM IL, icipe, and ICRISAT-Niger have already jointly conducted two workshops for participating countries in Africa and Asia.
How does IPM 3.0 look like (and why do we need it in Africa)?
Tamo, Manuele; Glitho, Isabelle; Tepa-Yotto, Ghislain; Muniappan, Rangaswamy (Elsevier, 2022-10)
The concept of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) was introduced sixty years ago to curb the overuse of agricultural pesticides, whereby its simplest version (IPM 1.0) was aiming at reducing the frequency of applications. Gradually, agro-ecological principles, such as biological control and habitat management, were included in IPM 2.0. However, throughout this time, smallholder farmers did not improve their decision -making skills and continue to use hazardous pesticides as their first control option. We are therefore proposing a new paradigm - IPM 3.0 - anchored on 3 pillars: 1) real-time farmer access to decision-making, 2) pest-management options relying on science-driven and nature-based approaches, and 3) the integration of genomic approaches, biopesticides, and habitat -management practices. We are convinced that this new paradigm based on technological advances, involvement of youth, gender-responsiveness, and climate resilience will be a game changer. However, this can only become effective through redeployment of public funding and stronger policy support.
Improving Food Security Around the World: Three-Year Report, 2014-2017
(Virginia Tech, 2018-01)
In celebration of three years of success (2014-2017), we’ve created a report that highlights the progress, developments, and innovative technologies our collaborators are implementing around the world.
InnovATE Symposium 2017
(Virginia Tech, 2017-06)
How do internal or external, national or institutional policies affect agricultural education and training (AET) systems? This is an important question for sustainable development of AET systems in international development. Effective AET systems: improve organizations and institutions; develop partnerships; encourage interdisciplinary collaborations; involve the private sector; encourage and share research; strengthen curricula; improve teaching; empower women; and, advance economies. However, this work does not happen in a vacuum. Institutional and national policy environments have a large effect on the development of AET systems. This symposium provides a space to discuss lessons learned and ways forward.
innovATE: Building Capacity for Agricultural Training and Education in Developing Countries
(Virginia Tech, 2013-09)
This symposium brings together educators, administrators, and development experts whose interest lies in capacity building of agricultural education and training systems in developing countries. The symposium will collect and disseminate examples of good practices and lessons learned during the course of planning and implementing projects dedicated to efficient, effective and financially sustainable agricultural education and training institutions and systems.
IPM CRSP Annual FY 2012 Annual Report
(Virginia Tech, 2013-04)
Published every year, the annual reports detail work, accomplishments, training, and publications from each of our programs.

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