Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resource Management (SANREM) Knowledgebase

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https://hdl.handle.net/10919/64847

The Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resource Management (SANREM) Knowledgebase is a collection of information resources (books, reports, journal articles, videos, movies, presentations) produced or identified, classified, and summarized by SANREM researchers. This collection provides direct access or links to resources relevant to sustainable agriculture and natural resource management. - http://www.oired.vt.edu/sanremcrsp/professionals/knowledgebase/

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Feed the Future SANREM Innovation Lab
Office of International Research, Education, and Development (OIRED)
526 Prices Fork Road
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E-mail: sanrem@vt.edu
Telephone: +1 (540) 231-1230
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Advocacy coalitions to build participatory processes in the Altiplano: Increasing human capacities to adapt to change
Turín, Cecilia (Warwickshire, UK: Practical Action Publishing, 2009)
A paper on advocacy coalitions efforts in the Altiplano as part of the SANREM CRSP LTR-4 project.
Agricultural Innovation Systems: An Investment Sourcebook
The World Bank (Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, 2012)
Consensus is developing about what is meant by “innovation” and “innovation system”. The agricultural innovation system (AIS) approach has evolved from a concept into an entire subdiscipline, with principles of analysis and action; yet no detailed blueprint exists for making agricultural innovation happen at a given time, in a given place, for a given result. This sourcebook draws on the emerging principles of AIS analysis and action to help to identify, design, and implement the investments, approaches, and complementary interventions that appear most likely to strengthen innovation systems and promote agricultural innovation and equitable growth. This overview begins with a discussion of why innovation is vital to agricultural development, how innovation occurs, and why complementary investments are needed to develop the capacity and enabling environment for agricultural innovation. It concludes with details on the sourcebook’s structure, a summary of the themes covered in each module, and a discussion of the cross-cutting themes treated throughout the sourcebook (excerpt from Sourcebook overview and user guide).
ANAFAE and Colabora: Lessons from experiences with collaborative networks for sustainable agriculture and natural resource management
Sherwood, S.; Chenier, Jacqueline (Athens, GA: SANREM CRSP and CARE-SUBIR, 2001)
Although rural communities in Honduras are poor, matters are not entirely hopeless. A handful of projects have made impressive contributions to rural development, and those efforts represent a modicum of hope. Rarely, however, have Honduran grass-roots organizations participated in the sort of collective efforts that development practitioners believe key to sustainable change. This study compares two networks that emerged from development research partnerships in Honduras and represents new opportunities for interaction and contributions to further research and practice. The Honduran Association for the Promotion of Ecological Agriculture (ANAFAE) concentrates on issues associated with sustainable agriculture, and the National Network on Collaborative Natural Resource Management (Colabora) seeks to strengthen community ability to manage common resources.
Applied biodiversity science: Managing emerging diseases in agriculture and linked natural systems using ecological principles
Garrett, Karen A.; Cox, C. M. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2008)
Pathogen reproduction tends to be host-frequency dependent, so that disease may be more problematic when particular crop species or genotypes are very common. Nonetheless, production agriculture is dominated by extensive monocultures. This is due partly to artifacts of agricultural policy and decision-making, but partly also to the real challenges of understanding and manipulating the ecological genomics of a single crop genotype, not to mention multiple species and genotypes. So there are trade-offs in investing agricultural research in many versus only a few agricultural species. Agricultural diseases may emerge or re-emerge for a number of reasons, including new pathogen introductions, new adaptation of pathogens to previously effective resistance genes, new types of host homogeneity (such as the widespread deployment of Texas male sterile cytoplasm in maize), trading policies that increase the economic impact of uncommon infections, and changes in the abiotic environment. Technological abilities in ecological genomics that are needed to support management of emerging and long-term disease include the ability to manipulate disease resistance genes in crops, the ability to devise crop plant communities at multiple spatial scales that are optimal for a range of agronomic traits, the ability to manipulate microbial communities for disease suppressive characteristics, and the ability to minimize undesired impacts on ecosystems surrounding agricultural systems. The construction of crop variety mixtures is an example of a technology that draws heavily on ecological ideas and has also contributed greatly to our understanding of disease ecology through experiments examining the effects of patterns of host variability on disease through time and space. New forms of agricultural systems, such as perennial grains, may also offer environmental benefits such as reduced erosion and nutrient leaching, but will also challenge ecological genomics to provide effective methods of disease management since pathogens may more easily accumulate in long-term agricultural stands. While agricultural systems have typically grown less diverse over the past century, advances in ecological genomics are likely to make it feasible for systems to incorporate higher levels of diversity in the future as agricultural scientists are better able to influence and manage complex agricultural communities for reduced disease.
Biological monitoring: A key tool in integrated conservation and development projects
Alarcón, R. (Athens, Ga.: SANREM CRSP and CARE-SUBIR, 2001)
One recent study of areas with high levels of biodiversity identified ten hotspots distributed over a mere 0.2 percent of the earth's land surface (Myers 1988). Northwest
Building local democracy through natural resource interventions: An environmentalist's responsibility
Ribot, J. C. (Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute, 2008)
Community-based water quality monitoring: From data collection to sustainable management of water resources
Deutsch, William G.; Busby, Allison L.; Orprecio, Jim L.; Bago-Labis, Janeth P.; Cequiña, Estela Y. (Los Baños, Philippines: Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development, 2001)
The following is an account of how a rural community in the Philippines worked side by side with researchers, nongovernmental and governmental workers over a five-year period to develop science-based indicators of water quality that proved relevant for developing environmental policy. The case primarily focused on the early stages of implementing a municipal-level, natural resource management plan in Lantapan. The setting and background of the project are briefly described, followed by the nature of specific indicators and how they were chosen and refined. Next, the process by which these indicators influenced policy are documented, concluding with lessons learned throughout the process.
Community-based water quality monitoring: The Tigbantay Wahig experience
Deutsch, William G.; Orprecio, Jim L.; Bago-Labis, J. (Los Baños, Philippines: Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development, 2001)
This chapter will document the exciting development of a peopleï'½s organization in Lantapan that is committed to protecting and restoring the water resources of their municipality. It will briefly place this development in the historical context of Philippine decentralization and the rise of environmentally-related nongovernmental groups, as well as the goals and cornerstones of the SANREM CRSP program. The groups' technical and social formation will be outlined, with a description of milestones, success stories and future directions.
Conclusions
Buenavista, Gladys; Coxhead, Ian (Los Banos, Philippines: Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development, 2001)
Concluding chapter of Seeking Sustainability summarizing the process of natural resources management in the Lantapan watershed.
Conservation and management of watershed and natural resources: Issues in the Philippines, the Bukidnon experience
Sumbalan, Antonio (Los Baños, Philippines: Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development, 2001)
There has been a continuing shift in the management of watershed and natural resources in the Philippines. Stakeholders such as local communities, LGUs, indigenous people, and the civil society reflect this in changes in government policies from being top down, driven by the central government to one that is built on local participation.
Creating local and national capacity for integrated conservation and development projects
Flora, Jan L. (Athens, GA: SANREM CRSP and CARE-SUBIR, 2001)
This chapter overviews the issues related to developing local and national institutional capacity for orchestrating integrated conservation and development projects - arguably the most difficult aspect of implementing ICDP.
Creation of social incentives for the conservation of biodiversity
Flora, Cornelia B. (Athens, GA: SANREM CRSP and CARE-SUBIR, 2001)
This chapter discusses the interplay between human, social, natural, and financial/constructed capital that is needed for integrated conservation and development projects to succeed. She also evaluates the effectiveness of different motivation sources, such as social pressure, force, and economic incentives.
Cultivating Community Capital for Sustainable Natural Resource Management: Experiences from the SANREM CRSP
Cason, K. (ed.) (Watkinsville, Ga.: SANREM CRSP, 2000)
The papers contained in this book were presented during a Special Session at the 16th Symposium of the International Farming Systems Association and the 4th Latin American Farming Systems Research and Extension Symposium, which was held at the Universidad Catolica, Santiago, Chile from November 27 to 29, 2000. The theme of the meeting was "Globalization and Local Development: Challenges to Small Scale Production." The papers included in this book focus on community-based natural resource decision making that has resulted from SANREM activities in the Andes, Southeast Asia and West Africa. Each paper offers examples of community-based approaches that address natural resource
Demographic development of Lantapan
Paunlagui, Merlyne M.; Suminguit, Vel J. (Los Baños, Philippines: Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development, 2001)
This chapter reports on the demographic situation in Lantapan since it became a municipality. It examines population attributes such as age distribution and composition, growth rate, its causes and likely implications for the size of future population and pressure on natural resources. It provides a brief ethno-historical account of migration to the area by Dumagats1 , and of interactions between migrants and the indigenous Talaandig people in relation to the acquisition of land.
The double task of institutional strengthening and executing project activities simultaneously with local partners
Stallings, J.; García, Magali (Athens, GA: SANREM CRSP and CARE-SUBIR, 2001)
Critical elements of integrated conservation and development (ICD) projects include protecting the environmental integrity of a geographic area over the long term, improving the economic security of local people, and assuring the sustainability of project activities (Ack 1991). Our project has recognized sustainability as a multi-faceted concept that includes four distinct realms: the technical, economic, institutional, and social.
Ecotourism: Funding conservation programs through entrance fees. The case of the Galapagos National Park
Machado, K. (Athens, GA: SANREM CRSP and CARE-SUBIR, 2001)
This study tries to answer the following question: are visitors to national parks willing to pay higher entrance fees if they are told the money collected will be used to increase conservation efforts? In order to address the issue, the Contingent Valuation Methodology (CVM) is used to estimate visitors Willingness to Pay (WTP) entrance fees for conservation programs designed to improve the quality of the Galapagos National Park. Although this study is not the first to apply CVM in the Galapagos National Park, it is the first study to link entrance fees as a vehicle to fund conservation practices and elicit views on the amount visitors would be willing to pay. The following sections include a review of the main economic theory relevant to CV, with special attention to utility function specification, estimators, the type of method used to elicit a response, and the welfare measure associated with the method. Then, the more relevant results of the study conducted in the Galápagos Islands are presented. Finally, some conclusions and recommendations are offered.
Environmental assessments as community-based adaptive management tools
Tolisano, J. (Athens, Ga.: SANREM CRSP and CARE-SUBIR, 2001)
This paper discusses the historic role of environmental assessments and impact statements in development and conservation projects and their limited current use. The Sustainable Uses for Biological Resources (SUBIR) project being implemented in northwestern Ecuador by a consortium of U.S. and Ecuadorian environmental organizations is applying an innovative approach to using the EA that attempts to incorporate the benefits of traditional EA procedures with greater participation by implementing agencies and affected peoples. The objective of this approach is to build a stronger investment in the EA process by those affected, and to encourage a long-term commitment to implementing the EA recommendations.
Farmers’ preference of conservation agricultural practices in Kendujhar, Odisha using the analytic hierarchy process
Lai, Cynthia; Chan-Halbrendt, Catherine; Halbrendt, H.; Naik, D.; Ray, Chittaranjan (Bangkok, Thailand: Funny Publishing, 2013)
The tribal villages within the district of Kendujhar, in the state of Odisha, India, suffer from marginal land conditions that are having an increasing impact on agricultural productivity. The majority of the population in this area consists of small-holder, subsistence farmers, who produce crops (mainly mustard and maize) on an average of two hectare sized plot. Research results presented here has been focused on the impact of practising Conservation Agricultural Production Systems (CAPS). Specifically: minimum tillage and intercrop to increase the food security and livelihood in this area. Results from structured socio-economic surveys provided the comparative economic analyses of different CAPS necessary prior to implementation to determine the impact of three integrative CAPS and one control (no CAPS) treatment program. Prioritization of these four CAPS systems was completed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to quantify farmers’ preference from a pre-determined set of criteria (objectives) to quantify tradeoffs that farmers considered to be important. These objectives were: Profit, Labor Saving, Yield and Soil Environmental Benefits. This study delineates potential implications and provides insight for natural resource managers regarding the short and long-term tradeoffs these smallholder farmers are willing to make with the selected CAPS. It is also intended as a positive catalyst for environmental awareness, agricultural technology transfer, and extension research in developing countries.
From Goodwill to Payments for Environmental Services: A Survey of Financing Options for Sustainable Natural Resource Management in Developing Countries
Gutman, P. (ed.) (WWF Macroeconomics for Sustainable Development Program Office, 2003)
The 2003 WWF-Danida survey on financing options for sustainable natural resource management is now available as a book, as a CD and as a PDF file. This 150 pages report can be used either as a source of references, as an aid during projects' design and development and as a training material. Its content is as follows:
Gender relations in the home and the workplace in Lesotho
Dyer, K. (Roma, Lesotho: Institute of Southern African Studies (ISAS), 2001)
A case study looking at the gender roles played out in Lesotho, in particular in the clothing industry. This article takes a look at the economic development and the gender implications associated with it.

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