Scholarly Works, Entomology
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Browsing Scholarly Works, Entomology by Content Type "Book chapter"
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- Chapter 6: Murgantia histrionica (Hahn)McPherson, J. E.; Bundy, C. S.; Kuhar, Thomas P. (CRC Press, 2017-11-30)
- Chapter 9: Turfgrass Insect ManagementYoungman, Roger R.; Kuhar, Thomas P.; Gyawaly, Sudan; Laub, Curtis A.; Wu, S. (Virginia Turfgrass Council, 2017-01-02)Virginia turfgrass certification
- A Comprehensive Characterization of the Honeybees in Siberia (Russia)Ostroverkhova, N. V.; Konusova, O. L.; Kucher, A. N.; Sharakhov, Igor V. (Intech, 2016)
- Drugs and Biodiversity Loss: Narcotraffic-Linked Landscape Change in GuatemalaWinter, Steven N.; Eastwood, Gillian; Barrios-Izás, Manuel A. (IntechOpen, 2022-10-13)Characteristic of the Anthropocene, human impacts have resulted in worldwide losses in forested land cover, which can directly and indirectly drive biodiversity loss. The global illicit drug trade is one source of deforestation directly implicated with habitat loss in Central America, typically for drug trafficking and livestock production for money laundering. Given reports of deforestation in Central America linked to narcotraffic, we explored vegetation changes within Guatemala’s highly biodiverse Maya Biosphere Reserve by examining trends suggestive of deforestation in a protected area. As such, we collected satellite-derived data in the form of enhanced vegetation index (EVI), as well as history of burned areas, published human-“footprint” data, official population density, and artificial light activity in Laguna del Tigre National Park from 2002 to 2020 for descriptive analysis. We found consistent reductions in EVI and trends of anomalous losses of vegetation despite a baseline accounting for variation within the park. Analyses revealed weak correlations (R2 ≤ 0.26) between EVI losses and official sources of anthropogenic data, which may be attributable to the data’s limited spatial and temporal resolution. Alarmingly, simple analyses identified vegetation losses within a protected area, thus emphasizing the need for additional monitoring and science-based, but interdisciplinary policies to protect this biodiversity hotspot.
- Japanese beetle and other Coleoptera feeding on grapevines in eastern North AmericaPfeiffer, Douglas G. (Springer, 2012)The Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, and several other coleopteran foliavores, i.e. green June beetle, Cotinus nitida (L.), rose chafer, Macrodactylus subspinosus (F.), grape rootworm, Fidia viticida Walsh, and grape fl ea beetle, Altica chalybea Illiger cause conspicuous foliar injury. A number of these coleopterans also cause injury to other vine parts, i.e., primary buds, berries, or roots. Although such injury may be much more economically important than the leaf injury, we will not address them here because the leaf injury arouses the greatest amount of concern. Japanese beetle is the main species to be discussed. In an earlier study (Pfeiffer et al. 1990 ) , it was found to be the target of most insecticide sprays in Virginia vineyards, owing to its conspicuous leaf injury. Although its populations fl uctuate considerably from year to year, Japanese beetle remains an important pest to be addressed by grape pest management programs in eastern North America. The thrust of this chapter is on beetles that, in at least one life stage, infl ict defoliation injury on grapevines. There is one additional coleopteran that may cause economic losses, the multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas). Injury that may be infl icted to fruit by this otherwise benefi cial predator is discussed by Pfeiffer et al. (Chap. 19 ).
- Major insect and mite pests of grapesPfeiffer, Douglas G. (Natural Resource, Agriculture, And Engineering Service Pub, Cornell, 2008)
- Success takes time: History and current status of biological control of purple loosestrife in the United StatesEndriss, Stacy B.; Nuzzo, Victoria; Blossey, Bernd (2022)Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria, Lythraceae) is a long-lived forb that has negatively affected North American wetlands for decades. Following the introduction of purple loosestrife from Eurasia in the early 1800s, populations gradually spread across North America, eventually leading to the decline of many native birds, plants, and amphibians. Land managers recognized the widespread ecological harm caused by purple loosestrife and called for sustainable control methods, realizing that traditional methods such as chemical treatments had failed to produce desirable outcomes. In response, research to assess biological control options for purple loosestrife began in 1986 in Europe. This biological control program represented one of the first times a plant was targeted for biological control because of its harm to flora and fauna rather than because of its negative impacts to agriculture. This work led to the release of four host-specific insects: two leaf-feeding beetles (Galerucella calmariensis and Galerucella pusilla; both Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and a root-feeding weevil (Hylobius transversovittatus; Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in 1992, followed in 1994 by a flower-feeding weevil (Nanophyes marmoratus; Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The Galerucella leaf-feeding beetles now appear to be widely established and abundant. Data on the abundance and distribution of the root-feeding and flowering-feeding weevils remain sparse. The effect of these insects may vary from site to site, but in many regions across North America, such as the Pacific Northwest, the Great Lakes Region, and the Northeast, biological control of purple loosestrife is now highly effective and economical. For example, long-term data collected from New York document that these insects reduce the density, height, and flower production of purple loosestrife, which in turn allows an increase in native plant diversity. This is the ultimate goal of weed management. Many biological control success stories are anecdotal, and purple loosestrife is one of the first examples for which we have strong evidence that control of invasive plants by insects can result in native plant recovery.
- Threatening the harvest: The threat from three invasive insects in late season vineyardsPfeiffer, Douglas G.; Leskey, Tracy C.; Burrack, Hannah J. (Springer, 2012)An integral goal of integrated pest management programs is to reduce the pesticide load in the cropping system. Reducing pesticide applications will generally lower pressure to develop pesticide resistance, enhance the presence of benefi cial arthropods, and reduce unintended effects on beneficial arthropods, environment, farm workers, and consumers. It is generally desirable to eliminate late season applications, because such applications would lead to the highest residues at harvest. The fact that growers must observe label pre-harvest intervals (PHIs) is often a complicating factor in vineyard management. In recent years, three invasive species from Asia have become pests in North American vineyards. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss their biology, the relationship of their injury to grape harvest, and possible management approaches.