Destination Area: Intelligent Infrastructure for Human-Centered Communities (IIHCC)
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IIHCC focuses its attention on the ways that people interact with one another and with their environment. Interest areas in this DA include smart, healthy, and sustainable cities and communities; transportation systems; human safety, health, and wellness; integrated energy systems; network science and engineering; public policy; and cyber-physical systems. The initial focus for IIHCC will be on four themes:
Ubiquitous Mobility: The location-agnostic promise of new communication and information technologies
Automated Vehicle Systems: vehicles that can transit safely and efficiently through our communities independent of a human operator
Smart Design and Construction: an intelligent, integrated, adaptable, responsive, and sustainable human-centric built environment
Energy: the underlying innovations that will be required in the production, distribution, and consumption of energy to realize such a system
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Browsing Destination Area: Intelligent Infrastructure for Human-Centered Communities (IIHCC) by Content Type "Article"
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- Adoption of High-Performance Housing Technologies Among U.S. Homebuilding Firms, 2000 Through 2010McCoy, Andrew P.; Koebel, C. Theodore; Sanderford, Andrew R.; Franck, Christopher T.; Keefe, Matthew J. (HUD, 2015)This article describes foundational processes of a larger project examining U.S. home builders’ choices to adopt innovative housing technologies that improve the environmental performance of new single-family homes. Home builders sit at a critical juncture in the housing creation decision chain and can influence how new housing units change related to energy consumption, and the units they produce can also reflect shifting technology, demography, and policy landscapes. With some exceptions, U.S. home builders have been characterized as being slow to adopt or resistant to the adoption of product and process innovations, largely because of path-dependent and risk-averse behavior. This article focuses on home builder choices by analyzing a summary of innovation adoption literature and that literature’s relationship to homebuilding. Researchers then describe analytical approaches for studying home builders’ choices and markets at a Core Based Statistical Area level, the data and statistical methodologies used in the study, and the policy implications for promoting energy efficiency in housing. Future work will draw on the foundation presented in this article to specify versions of this generic model and report results using improved quantitative analyses.
- A collaboration workflow from sound-based composition to performance of electroacoustic music using «Pure Data» as a frameworkTsoukalas, Kyriakos D. (Bauhaus Universitat Weimer, 2011-08)This paper describes a workflow for composers, engineers and performers to collaborate, using Pure Data (PD) as a framework, towards the design of electroacoustic musical instruments intended for live performances of sound-based music. Furthermore, it presents some considerations about live performance and ideas of creating collaboration tools, possibly as PD GUI plugins.
- Costs of Using Unmanned Aircraft on Crop FarmsIreland-Otto, Nancy; Ciampitti, Ignacio A.; Blanks, Mark T.; Burton, Robert O. Jr.; Balthazor, Travis (American Society of Farm Managers and Rural Appraisers, 2016)Excitement is high about the potential uses of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) in agriculture. We budgeted the costs of high-yield, non-irrigated corn production on two fields on a “representative” farm located in Northeastern Kansas. One complete pass over each field was completed. The representative farm will use a manned aerial system (MAS) or UAS and visual inspection and soil/tissue tests to determine whether and where a nitrogen deficiency is occurring. Our analysis suggests that UAS is less costly than MAS. The authors expect the costs of UAS and MAS to decrease in the future.
- Energy Efficient Technology Diffusion Factors: A Systematic ReviewBhattacharjee, Suchismita; McCoy, Andrew P. (IJSER Publications, 2012-11)Due to the escalating population and the resulting increase in energy use, the world is faced with the challenge of energy crisis. To mitigate the rise in energy crisis, innovation, adoption, and diffusion of energy efficient technologies is imperative. Review of available literatures indicates that expected improvement in energy consumption has not been achieved in spite of the innovation and improvement in energy efficient technologies. This imbalance points towards the lack of proper adoption and diffusion of these technologies. This paper has looked into prior arts to determine the factors responsible for this diffusion process. Upon identifying the factors, it is evident that some factors can be improved to act as accelerators to the diffusion process. The other set of factors tend to remain as hindrances which can be reduced to an extent, but not removed completely. The paper further investigates the reasons behind these factors and categorizes them under three groups – financial, informational, and behavioral. Findings prove that most of the factors can be attached to a financial cause. Thus research and development alone is not the answer to the rising energy demand, but effective economic motivation is necessary to curb the demand. Future research will look into the present energy policies and group them based on their targeted sector. This will enable to locate the gaps in the policies already implemented and subsequently help in the creation of new policies.
- Environmental Information Improves Robotic Search PerformanceYetkin, Harun; Lutz, Collin C.; Stilwell, Daniel J. (Virginia Tech, 2016)We address the problem where a mobile search agent seeks to find an unknown number of stationary objects distributed in a bounded search domain, and the search mission is subject to time/distance constraint. Our work accounts for false positives, false negatives and environmental uncertainty. We consider the case that the performance of a search sensor is dependent on the environment (e.g., clutter density), and therefore sensor performance is better in some locations than in others. For applications where environmental information can be acquired, we derive a decision-theoretic cost function to compute the locations where the environmental information should be acquired. We address the cases where environmental characterization is performed either by a separate vehicle or by the same vehicle that performs the search task.
- Guest Editors’ Introduction: Multimodal Technologies and Interaction in the Era of Automated DrivingRiener, Andreas; Jeon, Myounghoon (MDPI, 2019-06-12)Recent advancements in automated vehicle technologies pose numerous opportunities and challenges to support the diverse facets of user needs [...]
- Radiation Search Operations using Scene Understanding with Autonomous UAV and UGVChristie, Gordon A.; Shoemaker, Adam; Kochersberger, Kevin B.; Tokekar, Pratap; McLean, Lance; Leonessa, Alexander (Virginia Tech, 2016-08-31)Autonomously searching for hazardous radiation sources requires the ability of the aerial and ground systems to understand the scene they are scouting. In this paper, we present systems, algorithms, and experiments to perform radiation search using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and unmanned ground vehicles (UGV) by employing semantic scene segmentation. The aerial data is used to identify radiological points of interest, generate an orthophoto along with a digital elevation model (DEM) of the scene, and perform semantic segmentation to assign a category (e.g. road, grass) to each pixel in the orthophoto. We perform semantic segmentation by training a model on a dataset of images we collected and annotated, using the model to perform inference on images of the test area unseen to the model, and then re fining the results with the DEM to better reason about category predictions at each pixel. We then use all of these outputs to plan a path for a UGV carrying a LiDAR to map the environment and avoid obstacles not present during the flight, and a radiation detector to collect more precise radiation measurements from the ground. Results of the analysis for each scenario tested favorably. We also note that our approach is general and has the potential to work for a variety of diff erent sensing tasks.