Virginia Water Resources Research Center
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- The 1986 amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act : impacts on Virginia's water supply industryCox, William E.; Sherrard, Joseph H.; Gaw, Christopher D. (Virginia Water Resources Research Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1991-10)
- 2007 NSF REU Proceedings of Research: Research Opportunities in Interdisciplinary Watershed Sciences and Engineering(Virginia Water Resources Research Center, 2008)
- 2008 NSF REU Proceedings of Research: Research Opportunities in Interdisciplinary Watershed Sciences and Engineering(Virginia Water Resources Research Center, 2008)
- 2009 NSF REU Proceedings of Research: Research Opportunities in Interdisciplinary Watershed Sciences and Engineering(Virginia Water Resources Research Center, 2009)
- Acid rain in Virginia : its yearly damage amounts to millions of dollarsKahn, Jacob H. (Virginia Water Resources Research Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,, 1985)
- Adsorption of metal ions and metal complexes on mineralsDillard, John G.; Crowther, D. (Deborah L.); Schenck, Catherine V. (Catherine Virginia), 1956- (Virginia Water Resources Research Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1984-06)
- Adsorption of organic compounds onto solids from aqueous solutionsWightman, James P.; Dole, Leslie R.; Jones, J.; King, Clarence A. (Water Resources Research Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1971)The use of solids to remove pollutants is not novel in the sense that solids are used presently for this purpose. For example, the use of charcoal is well known, and the use of alumina in phosphate removal has been investigated. The removal of phenol from aqueous solutions on a variety of solids has been studied in this work. The rationale for this study is as follows. An aqueous solution containing a pollutant (phenol) is a three component system consisting of a solute (phenol) and solvent (water) in contact with a solid. The question arises, what about the removal of the pollutant by the solid? In many instances the kinds of solids that have been used are those which not only compete for the pollutant, but also compete for water. Thus, not only is the interaction between the pollutant and the solid important, but also the Interaction between the water and the sol id. In many systems, for example herbicides, insecticides, and phenol, there is a Iimited solute concentration, which means that there is a basic incompatability in the system to start with. Then as this solution is put in contact with a solid surface, the amount of pollutant and the amount of water removed become relevant. If the solid has an attraction for water in addition to the pollutant, water may be removed and block parts of the solid which could be effective in removing the pollutant. This study has been concerned with the adsorption of phenol from aqueous solutions on several solids chosen to alter the competition of water and phenol for the surface of the solid.
- Agricultural BMPs applicable to VirginiaHeatwole, Conrad D.; Dillaha, Theo A. III; Mostaghimi, Saied (Virginia Water Resources Research Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1991-03)
- Agricultural land use : effects on the chemical quality of runoffSmolen, M. D.; Shanholtz, Vernon O. (Virginia Water Resources Research Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1980)This research is the first phase of the Blackstone Environmental Quality Program, a study to distinguish the water quality effects of agricultural practices. Th is research focused on changes in runoff quaIity when land is put under cultivation. The data will be used in later phases of the program to evaluate chemical transport models. The three study watersheds, located in Virginia's southern Piedmont, had not been under cultivation for 30 years. During the research, two of the watersheds were put into agricultural production while the third was left uncultivated and used as a control. A grab sampling program was maintained on two watersheds for the full five-year period of study. Continuous streamflow gaging was maintained for the last four years. During the final three years, sampling and flow gaging were also maintained on a third watershed. For those three years, grab sampling was supplemented by automatic samplers for stormflow sample collection. Samples were analyzed .for nitrate, ammonium, and total Kjeldahl nitrogen, orthophosphate and total phosphorus, bicarbonate alkalinity, pH, and specific conductance. Clear differences in streamflow characteristics were noted between the treated and the control watersheds. More surface runoff was observed in the treated watersheds than in the control, suggesting that increased surface runoff may have resulted from the cropping activity. All three watersheds exceeded the phosphorus criterion proposed by the Environmental Protection Agency, and a two-to-threefold increase in total phosphorus concentration was attributed to agricultural land use without employment of conservation practices. A twofold increase in total nitrogen concentration also was noted. Soluble inorganic nitrogen was present at a low concentration in the control watershed, but accounted for 20-30 percent of all nitrogen exported from the treated watersheds. The presence of nitrate nitrogen in the agricultural watersheds was the characteristic most attributable to agricultural activity. The research showed that serious enrichment problems could occur in Piedmont lakes or impoundments if the predominant land use of a watershed were agricultural cropping and if conservation practices were not employed.
- Agricultural use of sewage sludge : a literature reviewKelley, W. D.; Martens, David C.; Reneau, Raymond B.; Simpson, Thomas W. (Virginia Water Resources Research Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1984-12)Stricter regulations on discharge of sewage into waters, higher costs of alternate disposal procedures, and higher prices of chemical fertilizers have increased interest in the use of sewage sludge in crop production. This review addresses the benefits and risks of agricultural use of sewage sludge. Topics evaluated in this study are the biological, chemical, and physical aspects of sewage sludge relating to trace elements, pathogens, nitrogen, and phosphorus and also the economic aspects of land application of sewage sludge. For each topic, additional research needs are identified.
- Altered hydrology of the Missouri River and its effects on floodplain forest ecosystemsJohnson, W. Carter; Reily, Peggy Weaks, 1953-; Andrews, L. Scott; McLellan, James F. (Virginia Water Resources Research Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1982)
- Analysis of hydrologic systemsChiang, Tsung-Ting, 1936-; Wiggert, James M. (Water Resources Research Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, 1968)
- Analysis of Nutrient-Response Characteristics to Support Criteria Development for Constructed ReservoirsWarren, Meredith Pavlick; Younos, Tamim M. (Virginia Water Resources Research Center, 2008-05)
- Analysis of Sinkhole Susceptibility and Karst Distribution in the Northern Shenandoah Valley, Virginia: Implications for Low Impact Development (LID) Site Suitability ModelsHyland, Sara Elizabeth; Kennedy, Lisa M.; Younos, Tamim M.; Parson, Shane (Virginia Water Resources Research Center, 2006-08)
- Analysis of Water and Energy Conservation of Rainwater Capture System on a Single Family HomeGrady, Caitlin; Younos, Tamim M. (Virginia Water Resources Research Center, 2008-09)
- Anatomy of a water problem : Virginia Beach's experience suggests time for a changeWalker, William R.; Bridgeman, Phyllis G. (Virginia Water Resources Research Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,, 1985-08)
- Aquatic fungi in rivers, their distribution and response to pollutantsFarr, David F.; Paterson, Robert A. (Water Resources Research Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1974)Two lotic habitats in the vicinity of Blacksburg, Virginia were selected for field investigations. The New River represented a river with a high nutrient load. Little Stony Creek, a tributary of the New River, has no sources of man-made effluent which might contribute nutrients to the stream. Collecting sites on the New River were located above, just below, and some distance farther downstream from the effluent outfall of a munitions plant. The effect of this effluent on the number of taxa was not conspicuous. However, there was a reduction in the number of taxa per collection at the station near the effluent when compared with the other stations. Filamentous aquatic Phycomycetes such as Achlya, Sapro/egnia, and Pythium were commonly found in both habitats. However, a greater diversity of the chytrid type of aquatic Phycomycete was found in Little Stony Creek as compared to the New River. Twelve chytrid taxa were found in Little Stony Creek and two in the New River. Two fungi, Achlya caroliniana from the New River and Rhizidium sp. from Little Stony Creek, were studied in pure culture in terms of the effect of common pollutants on their growth and reproduction. The A. caroliniana had higher tolerances to zinc, cyanide, and mannitol as compared to the Rhizidium sp. The Rhizidium was more tolerant to higher concentrations of detergents than the Achlya.
- Aquatic invertebrate recovery in the Clinch River following hazardous spills and floodsCrossman, John S.; Cairns, John Jr.; Kaesler, Roger L. (Water Resources Research Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1973)
- Are Virginia's wastewater treatment plants financially healthy?Walker, William R.; Richardson, S. C. (Sarah C.) (Virginia Water Resources Research Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1991-09)
- Assessing the feasibility and potential expansion of large-scale riparian irrigation in VirginiaTaylor, Daniel B.; Ross, Burton Blake; Vellidis, G.; Lanier, Alan B. (Virginia Water Resources Research Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985-09)The purpose of this study was to develop a method, using readily available information, for evaluating the feasibility of t he expansion of large scale riparian based irrigation. This report represents the first in a series of reports addressing this issue. Its primary purpose is to document the methods which were employed in the feasibility analysis. Microcomputer irrigation system design models were developed to calculate the annual costs of installing and operating center pivot, traveling gun, big gun, and portable pipe irrigation systems. The information generated by these design models was summarized by estimating a series of equations using ordinary least squares regression techniques. These equations can be employed by planners and policy makers in Virginia to evaluate the potential of future conflicts in riparian water use arising from irrigation. An example using the equations in a benefit-cost analysis was presented for Havover County where it borders the Pamunkey River. It was recommended that this procedure be further refined to increase its flexibility , that data bases be developed for the areas of potential riparian based irrigation, and that the entire evaluation procedure be computerized and made more user friendly to facilitate its use by water use policy makers and planners.