This research was designed to investigate the effect of cations on activated sludge characteristics and also to determine their influence on digestion performance. For this purpose, cations in solution and in floc were ...

Activated sludge influent and effluent from five municipal wastewater treatment plants were analyzed to further elucidate the roles of aluminum, iron, and the monovalent to divalent cation ratio (M/D) on the influent and ...