The main categories of resource conflict in semi-arid Africa are described and a classification suggested. The various mechanisms proposed for their resolution are summarized and some policy recommendations are made as to how an understanding of resource conflict can be better incorporated into development planning. Two major areas of conflict are highlighted: those over point resources, such as mines, large farms and reserves, and those which are ecozonal, i.e. which reflect the patchy resources of the semi-arid zone and its historic exploitation systems. Sections focus on: pastoralists and farmers; small farmers and large farmers; wetlands; and evidence that conflict in this region is increasing. (CAB Abstracts)