The Qweak experiment has precisely determined the weak charge of the proton Qp w by measuring the parity-violating asymmetry in elastic electron-proton scattering at a low momentum transfer of Q2 = 0.0249 (GeV/c)2 . Qpw has a definite prediction in the Standard Model, and a value of sin2 θW can be extracted from it for comparison with other neutral current observables. Qweak measured the weak charge of the proton to be Qpw(P V ES) = 0.0719 ± 0.0045, which is consistent with the Standard Model value of Qp w(SM) = 0.0708 ± 0.0003. Qweak ran at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility for two and a half years and was installed in experimental Hall C. A 180µA beam of longitudinally polarized electrons at 1.16 GeV scattered off a liquid hydrogen target of unpolarized protons. The electrons were collimated to an acceptance of 5.8◦ to 11.6◦ and then passed through a magnetic spectrometer and onto quartz Čerenkov detector bars.

A detailed description of the theory and motivation behind the Qweak experiment is given. An overview of the Qweak apparatus and an in-depth discussion of the luminosity monitor performance is presented. A general overview of the Qweak analysis is also presented, with a focus on the beamline background correction, the nonlinearity measurement, and the simulation to constrain error for a rescattering effect. Also detailed here is the final, unblinded Qweak result, which determined Qpw to 6.2% and provided the highest precision measurement of sin2θW at low energy.