Adult marijuana users seeking treatment (N = 291) were randomly assigned to 3 treatment conditions: 1) a cognitive-behavioral relapse prevention support group (RPSG), 2) individualized assessment and advice group, and 3) delayed treatment control group. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between psychological distress, self-efficacy, and marijuana use. Measures of marijuana use, psychological distress, situational self-efficacy, coping self-efficacy, temptation to use, and frequency of encountering situations were used. Only a portion of the hypotheses were supported. Psychologically distressed individuals had lower self-efficacy for psychologically distressing (PD) situations as opposed to non-psychologically distressing (NPD) situations. Participants had lower self-efficacy for NPD situations than PD situations. The RPSG condition did not have the hypothesized effect on self-efficacy for PD situations.