Using the SECI Model to Map Knowledge Systems of Urban Farmers in Virginia

Abstract

Urban farmers face significant issues with representation and the ability to access information from institutions designed to provide support for agricultural producers. This study examines the knowledge systems of urban farmers in Virginia through the Socialization, Externalization, Combination, and Internalization (SECI) model of knowledge creation to better understand how agricultural knowledge is acquired, exchanged, and applied in Virginia. A qualitative research design was employed using semi-structured interviews with self-identified urban farmers across Virginia who produced for either financial production or public good. Participants were recruited through statewide urban agriculture networks, conferences, and snowball sampling. Interview transcripts were analyzed using in vivo and descriptive coding, followed by thematic analysis aligned with the SECI framework. Four themes emerged from the analysis: (1) agricultural identity through experience; (2) navigating diversified knowledge systems; (3) knowledge transmission and experiential learning through reciprocal relationships; and (4) envisioning decentralized, community driven futures. The findings demonstrate that urban agricultural knowledge systems are dynamic, relationship-based networks that depend on the interaction of formal organizations, peer communities, and experiential learning rather than a single centralized source of expertise. This research is significant because it serves to strengthen collaboration among knowledge institutions, while also supporting existing community networks for urban farmers. This study also addresses research gaps that relate to educational access, knowledge dissemination, awareness of urban agriculture nationally and in Virginia, and the connection between knowledge systems and urban agriculture.