WEBVTT 00:00:07.040 --> 00:00:09.800 We are Open Education and 00:00:09.800 --> 00:00:11.370 Scholarly Communication Librarian 00:00:11.370 --> 00:00:13.890 at the University Libraries. 00:00:14.140 --> 00:00:17.880 Some others have assembled a panel of 00:00:17.880 --> 00:00:19.890 colleagues to talk with you today 00:00:19.890 --> 00:00:22.050 about connecting to the Opens. 00:00:22.050 --> 00:00:26.520 [NOISE] This is actually Open Education Week. 00:00:26.520 --> 00:00:29.020 We have a slate 00:00:29.020 --> 00:00:32.270 of different events that are happening this week. 00:00:32.270 --> 00:00:34.625 [NOISE] This is the first one. 00:00:34.625 --> 00:00:37.490 Welcome, if you are a part of this class. 00:00:37.490 --> 00:00:40.580 Welcome, if you are not part of this class. 00:00:40.580 --> 00:00:43.010 How is this going to work tonight? 00:00:43.010 --> 00:00:45.470 We have three people that are giving about 00:00:45.470 --> 00:00:46.970 10-minute overviews [NOISE] of 00:00:46.970 --> 00:00:50.165 significant topics in the areas of Open. 00:00:50.165 --> 00:00:53.760 Then we're going to introduce 00:00:53.760 --> 00:00:57.580 the rest of the panels and open up the conversation. 00:00:57.580 --> 00:01:00.765 They bring a lot of varying 00:01:00.765 --> 00:01:04.805 and deep experience in these topics. 00:01:04.805 --> 00:01:09.655 I encourage you to ask questions and to engage with them. 00:01:09.655 --> 00:01:11.775 On your way out, please pick 00:01:11.775 --> 00:01:14.670 a copy of Opening Knowledge book tools. 00:01:14.670 --> 00:01:17.690 This is produced by the University Libraries. 00:01:17.690 --> 00:01:20.720 It gives you an overview of some of 00:01:20.720 --> 00:01:22.400 the different tools that you can 00:01:22.400 --> 00:01:24.425 use to open up your research, 00:01:24.425 --> 00:01:26.765 open up your scholarship, 00:01:26.765 --> 00:01:28.675 as well as your teaching. 00:01:28.675 --> 00:01:32.250 I think we are short a number of these, 00:01:32.250 --> 00:01:35.420 so we'll make sure that you can get these later 00:01:35.420 --> 00:01:36.860 if we were not [inaudible] because we want to make 00:01:36.860 --> 00:01:39.930 sure get one of these. 00:01:40.490 --> 00:01:44.735 Briefly, my colleagues here are Peter Potter, 00:01:44.735 --> 00:01:46.670 who is the Director of 00:01:46.670 --> 00:01:48.860 Publishing at the University Libraries. 00:01:48.860 --> 00:01:53.600 [NOISE] Followed by Steve Ellingson, 00:01:53.600 --> 00:01:55.740 Dr. Ellingson is Associate Professor 00:01:55.740 --> 00:01:59.235 in electrical and computer engineering. 00:01:59.235 --> 00:02:01.575 Followed by Dr. Tyechia Thompson, 00:02:01.575 --> 00:02:09.240 who is a post-doc in the Center for Humanities. 00:02:09.240 --> 00:02:11.835 [OVERLAPPING] [LAUGHTER] Dr. Freddy Paige 00:02:11.835 --> 00:02:15.680 is Assistant Professor in civil engineering. 00:02:15.680 --> 00:02:19.370 Followed by Dr. DePauw, who you know. 00:02:19.370 --> 00:02:20.510 [OVERLAPPING] Who is 00:02:20.510 --> 00:02:24.585 the [inaudible] Dean for graduate education. 00:02:24.585 --> 00:02:26.820 Then my colleague, Philip Young, 00:02:26.820 --> 00:02:29.370 who is the Institutional Repository Manager 00:02:29.370 --> 00:02:30.915 of University Libraries. 00:02:30.915 --> 00:02:32.970 You're in for a real treat tonight. 00:02:32.970 --> 00:02:36.090 [NOISE] Some of the things that we were talking 00:02:36.090 --> 00:02:39.950 about are open access. 00:02:39.950 --> 00:02:43.295 Raise your hand if you've heard of them; open access. 00:02:43.295 --> 00:02:46.440 Open source, hands. 00:02:46.440 --> 00:02:49.355 Open data, yeah. 00:02:49.355 --> 00:02:53.410 Open research. Open science. 00:02:53.410 --> 00:02:58.150 Open education. Okay, great. 00:03:00.860 --> 00:03:03.180 Along those developments, 00:03:03.180 --> 00:03:04.925 we're going to cover some of them. 00:03:04.925 --> 00:03:06.770 We think this will be helpful for 00:03:06.770 --> 00:03:08.675 your future careers as faculty, 00:03:08.675 --> 00:03:12.180 and we look forward to talking with you. 00:03:12.180 --> 00:03:13.740 Peter is up first. 00:03:13.740 --> 00:03:26.670 [BACKGROUND] 00:03:26.670 --> 00:03:33.090 Hi, everyone. Can you hear me? 00:03:33.090 --> 00:03:34.634 [BACKGROUND] [NOISE] I'm going to talk with you 00:03:34.634 --> 00:03:36.180 very briefly, I hope, 00:03:36.180 --> 00:03:40.380 about scholarly publishing as a business. 00:03:40.380 --> 00:03:45.224 Because I think that's something that as grad students, 00:03:45.224 --> 00:03:47.355 you're just entering this world 00:03:47.355 --> 00:03:48.885 and I want to give you a sense 00:03:48.885 --> 00:03:51.230 of what you're entering into 00:03:51.230 --> 00:03:54.930 from a business and money standard. 00:03:55.010 --> 00:03:57.380 Just beware, I'm going to 00:03:57.380 --> 00:04:00.240 throw a lot of facts and numbers out there. 00:04:01.550 --> 00:04:05.705 These slides will be available if you're interested. 00:04:05.705 --> 00:04:09.170 The main thing though is I want to give you a sense 00:04:09.170 --> 00:04:12.140 of the overall system that 00:04:12.140 --> 00:04:13.340 we're dealing with [NOISE] 00:04:13.340 --> 00:04:15.785 and problems that we're facing, 00:04:15.785 --> 00:04:19.525 because they're numerous and very large. 00:04:19.525 --> 00:04:22.035 Just to begin with, 00:04:22.035 --> 00:04:25.225 brief definition of scholarly publishing, 00:04:25.225 --> 00:04:28.070 which is fairly straightforward 00:04:28.070 --> 00:04:29.240 communicating the results of 00:04:29.240 --> 00:04:32.875 research from this range of academic fields, 00:04:32.875 --> 00:04:34.700 and it's part of 00:04:34.700 --> 00:04:35.720 the broader system of 00:04:35.720 --> 00:04:37.700 scholarly communication you'll hear off. 00:04:37.700 --> 00:04:39.770 Those two terms, scholarly publishing 00:04:39.770 --> 00:04:41.605 and scholarly communication, 00:04:41.605 --> 00:04:44.605 they're often used interchangeably. 00:04:44.605 --> 00:04:48.800 Scholarly communication is more vague, 00:04:48.800 --> 00:04:54.740 I think, and it tends to refer to something broader. 00:04:55.270 --> 00:04:57.810 To give you just a sense of 00:04:57.810 --> 00:05:01.815 the sheer numbers that are involved, 00:05:01.815 --> 00:05:04.880 it's estimated that there 00:05:04.880 --> 00:05:09.230 are nearly 10 million active researchers worldwide. 00:05:09.230 --> 00:05:11.765 You can see the global R&D spending, 00:05:11.765 --> 00:05:16.145 according to UNESCO, is about 1.27 trillion per year. 00:05:16.145 --> 00:05:21.155 That's a lot of money that's potentially in the system. 00:05:21.155 --> 00:05:23.130 We're dealing with 5,000 00:05:23.130 --> 00:05:26.145 plus publishers around the world, 00:05:26.145 --> 00:05:30.375 30,00 journals, hard to believe. 00:05:30.375 --> 00:05:34.140 That's the ones that we actually contract, 00:05:34.140 --> 00:05:36.370 there are probably more. 00:05:36.530 --> 00:05:39.000 This number for academic libraries, 00:05:39.000 --> 00:05:40.440 this is just from the US side. 00:05:40.440 --> 00:05:44.075 I've not been able to find any numbers for worldwide, 00:05:44.075 --> 00:05:49.660 but gives you a sense of breath here. 00:05:51.620 --> 00:05:56.000 This number is pretty well agreed upon because we're 00:05:56.000 --> 00:05:59.555 seeing around three million articles published per year. 00:05:59.555 --> 00:06:04.650 It's increasing on a fairly predictable path. 00:06:05.930 --> 00:06:08.705 What I'll like to point out is that 00:06:08.705 --> 00:06:10.700 scholarly publishing is business, 00:06:10.700 --> 00:06:15.410 [NOISE] it's an expensive and profitable business. 00:06:15.410 --> 00:06:17.195 [NOISE] To start with, 00:06:17.195 --> 00:06:20.720 it's the worldwide revenues 00:06:20.720 --> 00:06:23.340 for scholarly publishing estimated 00:06:23.340 --> 00:06:25.305 to be around 26 billion, 00:06:25.305 --> 00:06:28.410 and academic libraries alone spend eight 00:06:28.410 --> 00:06:31.290 billion [NOISE] on that. 00:06:31.290 --> 00:06:34.515 I'll show you what we pay here at Virginia Tech shortly. 00:06:34.515 --> 00:06:36.120 This gives you a little bit [NOISE] of 00:06:36.120 --> 00:06:38.310 sense how that breaks down. 00:06:38.310 --> 00:06:41.565 The medical there, this part. 00:06:41.565 --> 00:06:43.400 Then under scientific and technical, 00:06:43.400 --> 00:06:45.860 that actually includes humanities 00:06:45.860 --> 00:06:49.440 and social sciences according to the definitions. 00:06:50.420 --> 00:06:53.480 When you break that number down, 00:06:53.480 --> 00:06:56.420 journals is where the most money goes. 00:06:56.420 --> 00:06:59.870 Books are a small part of the overall picture. 00:06:59.870 --> 00:07:01.490 It's not where a lot of 00:07:01.490 --> 00:07:05.530 the corporate consolidation has happened, 00:07:05.530 --> 00:07:11.290 but 10 billion or 40 percent for journals. 00:07:12.800 --> 00:07:15.420 To give you some comparisons, 00:07:15.420 --> 00:07:18.755 I think these numbers are really fascinating. 00:07:18.755 --> 00:07:23.270 Every year, the money that the movie industry 00:07:23.270 --> 00:07:25.740 makes has been pretty steady 00:07:25.740 --> 00:07:29.305 around $10-11 billion a year. 00:07:29.305 --> 00:07:33.740 Not even close to what scholarly publishing generates. 00:07:33.740 --> 00:07:36.890 It's closer to what Facebook generates in a quarter. 00:07:36.890 --> 00:07:38.420 [NOISE] This is the last quarter, 00:07:38.420 --> 00:07:42.000 and not as much is happening. 00:07:45.090 --> 00:07:47.410 Here's where you get to the part [NOISE] 00:07:47.410 --> 00:07:51.385 of why we're facing a problem here, 00:07:51.385 --> 00:07:54.340 and it's that like in a lot of things 00:07:54.340 --> 00:07:57.295 we know and we see in the world today, 00:07:57.295 --> 00:07:59.770 it's concentration of wealth 00:07:59.770 --> 00:08:02.530 and resources in a few corporations, 00:08:02.530 --> 00:08:07.360 and what we have is probably publishing as an oligarchy. 00:08:07.360 --> 00:08:09.580 It actually comes down to 00:08:09.580 --> 00:08:12.610 those five top publishers which 00:08:12.610 --> 00:08:16.135 control over 50 percent of the market. 00:08:16.135 --> 00:08:20.140 They're determining everything that happens 00:08:20.140 --> 00:08:25.330 within this realm, for the most part. 00:08:25.330 --> 00:08:27.565 Elsevier being the largest. 00:08:27.565 --> 00:08:29.890 Is everybody familiar with Elsevier and Springer? 00:08:29.890 --> 00:08:40.465 [BACKGROUND] Here's why it's so galling to many people. 00:08:40.465 --> 00:08:44.500 As academics, you are going to be producing research 00:08:44.500 --> 00:08:46.915 that you're going to 00:08:46.915 --> 00:08:49.315 most likely have to pay to get published, 00:08:49.315 --> 00:08:52.720 and then get nothing from it, 00:08:52.720 --> 00:08:54.100 no income from it. 00:08:54.100 --> 00:08:57.280 But Elsevier is going to make 00:08:57.280 --> 00:09:02.420 millions off of it [NOISE] and millions for shareholders. 00:09:04.110 --> 00:09:07.060 To give you a sense, this blew me away, 00:09:07.060 --> 00:09:08.920 I just saw this yesterday. 00:09:08.920 --> 00:09:13.510 Elsevier is owned by a company called RELX, R-E-L-X. 00:09:13.510 --> 00:09:16.150 Market capitalization is about $50 billion. 00:09:16.150 --> 00:09:21.490 [NOISE] They're almost six times the size 00:09:21.490 --> 00:09:26.380 of Rupert Murdoch's News Corp. That's stunning. 00:09:26.380 --> 00:09:28.885 That was in Bloomberg 00:09:28.885 --> 00:09:31.270 and I would like to find the source of that, 00:09:31.270 --> 00:09:34.735 but that gives you a sense of the kind of 00:09:34.735 --> 00:09:39.370 size we're dealing with. 00:09:39.370 --> 00:09:41.560 Inside the libraries, we've 00:09:41.560 --> 00:09:46.825 seen the money going to serials, 00:09:46.825 --> 00:09:50.900 it's increased over the last 30 years by 500 percent. 00:09:52.710 --> 00:09:55.555 Some of you may have heard about 00:09:55.555 --> 00:09:59.080 the University of California last spring, 00:09:59.080 --> 00:10:03.070 about a year ago, the University of California, 00:10:03.070 --> 00:10:06.909 which was in what's called a big deal package. 00:10:06.909 --> 00:10:11.814 A big deal is the library purchased a bundle 00:10:11.814 --> 00:10:14.560 of journals like a cable system 00:10:14.560 --> 00:10:17.155 where you buy a bundled package. 00:10:17.155 --> 00:10:19.085 This is for journals. 00:10:19.085 --> 00:10:22.810 We were paying 10 million to 00:10:22.810 --> 00:10:26.950 11 million per year for this big deal package, 00:10:26.950 --> 00:10:29.875 and they said no more. 00:10:29.875 --> 00:10:31.810 They proposed 00:10:31.810 --> 00:10:34.075 an alternative solution, they were turned down. 00:10:34.075 --> 00:10:37.360 For a year, the UC system has gone without 00:10:37.360 --> 00:10:41.900 any Elsevier journal issues, any new ones. 00:10:42.420 --> 00:10:46.375 Cool. Primarily publishers in Elsevier. 00:10:46.375 --> 00:10:49.060 Because I don't think everybody in the class, 00:10:49.060 --> 00:10:52.825 most of them know Elsevier, but what disciplines? 00:10:52.825 --> 00:10:56.030 All the STEM fields. 00:10:56.160 --> 00:10:58.390 So in technology? 00:10:58.390 --> 00:11:00.400 [OVERLAPPING] Engineering and medicine. 00:11:00.400 --> 00:11:03.460 They have a smaller presence 00:11:03.460 --> 00:11:05.635 inside humanities and social sciences. 00:11:05.635 --> 00:11:09.800 Part because it doesn't make as much money. 00:11:10.950 --> 00:11:15.320 Here's some statistics for our library. 00:11:17.010 --> 00:11:22.690 You can see 48 percent of our total budget goes 00:11:22.690 --> 00:11:28.435 to pay for journals from these three publishers; 00:11:28.435 --> 00:11:31.040 Elsevier, Springer, and Wiley. 00:11:31.110 --> 00:11:37.975 If you extrapolate out by 2024, 00:11:37.975 --> 00:11:39.790 that would be 100 percent of 00:11:39.790 --> 00:11:42.520 our budget [NOISE] allowing for obviously 00:11:42.520 --> 00:11:47.170 across the inflation increases. 00:11:47.170 --> 00:11:53.500 [NOISE] Again, 00:11:53.500 --> 00:11:55.510 the thing that is so galling 00:11:55.510 --> 00:11:57.925 about it is that we buy these big packages. 00:11:57.925 --> 00:12:02.095 Elsevier publishes about 25,000 journals alone, 00:12:02.095 --> 00:12:05.965 and we buy a package that 00:12:05.965 --> 00:12:11.365 only about 40 percent get serious attention. 00:12:11.365 --> 00:12:14.920 We're paying for a lot of journals 00:12:14.920 --> 00:12:19.150 that most likely people really aren't reading. 00:12:19.150 --> 00:12:21.760 As part of the problem is that Elsevier has 00:12:21.760 --> 00:12:24.385 been in these companies have been just adding journals, 00:12:24.385 --> 00:12:28.195 more journals, more journals regardless of need. 00:12:28.195 --> 00:12:29.965 So it's not demand-driven, 00:12:29.965 --> 00:12:31.900 it is really they're trying 00:12:31.900 --> 00:12:34.480 to continue their business model. 00:12:34.480 --> 00:12:38.560 [NOISE] Like the University of California, 00:12:38.560 --> 00:12:39.745 the State of Virginia, 00:12:39.745 --> 00:12:42.580 the seven research universities in the state 00:12:42.580 --> 00:12:47.425 have a big deal contract with Elsevier, 00:12:47.425 --> 00:12:49.810 and that extends through next year and 00:12:49.810 --> 00:12:52.000 we are facing a decision at the end of next year; 00:12:52.000 --> 00:12:53.140 what are we going to do? 00:12:53.140 --> 00:12:56.890 [NOISE] You can see I have 00:12:56.890 --> 00:13:01.120 there we exactly paid about 1.9 million just to Elsevier. 00:13:01.120 --> 00:13:07.990 [NOISE] The universities are 00:13:07.990 --> 00:13:10.015 all getting together and we're talking 00:13:10.015 --> 00:13:12.610 about what our response is going to be. 00:13:12.610 --> 00:13:14.980 We would like to see something happening with 00:13:14.980 --> 00:13:16.240 the University of California 00:13:16.240 --> 00:13:18.830 because that may be a model for us. 00:13:19.680 --> 00:13:22.990 Very quickly, I'll just say, 00:13:22.990 --> 00:13:26.905 is OA the answer to this problem? 00:13:26.905 --> 00:13:30.295 There's a lot to be said for that. 00:13:30.295 --> 00:13:33.340 It definitely gives greater exposure 00:13:33.340 --> 00:13:35.900 to your work worldwide. 00:13:36.090 --> 00:13:38.230 You pay once for it, 00:13:38.230 --> 00:13:41.215 and it's free for everyone, no paywall. 00:13:41.215 --> 00:13:47.740 Great idea that no one can disagree with. 00:13:47.740 --> 00:13:50.770 Some up to the money that's spent in the system right now 00:13:50.770 --> 00:13:53.710 is spent by Elsevier, 00:13:53.710 --> 00:13:56.290 Springer, these companies with 00:13:56.290 --> 00:13:57.880 the technology associated with 00:13:57.880 --> 00:13:59.605 maintaining access control. 00:13:59.605 --> 00:14:01.285 If they didn't have to do that, 00:14:01.285 --> 00:14:04.700 there would be a lot of savings there. 00:14:06.450 --> 00:14:10.090 Again, no longer paying for seldom read journals. 00:14:10.090 --> 00:14:12.190 If we were in an OA system, 00:14:12.190 --> 00:14:14.245 we'd be paying individually 00:14:14.245 --> 00:14:16.975 upfront for articles to be published. 00:14:16.975 --> 00:14:19.120 We wouldn't be paying at 00:14:19.120 --> 00:14:22.700 the end for journals that no one is reading. 00:14:23.160 --> 00:14:26.560 A lot of the money that goes 00:14:26.560 --> 00:14:28.990 into the system is government funding. 00:14:28.990 --> 00:14:33.400 [NOISE] The issues are, 00:14:33.400 --> 00:14:36.190 can we actually what's called flip the system? 00:14:36.190 --> 00:14:38.860 That is, can we switch from 00:14:38.860 --> 00:14:44.060 a toll-access to a free access system. 00:14:44.070 --> 00:14:46.750 A lot of people think that it has to 00:14:46.750 --> 00:14:50.200 happen quickly and a 00:14:50.200 --> 00:14:52.225 shock to the system for it to happen. 00:14:52.225 --> 00:14:54.880 But on the other side of it, 00:14:54.880 --> 00:14:57.775 we still are always going to have Elsevier, 00:14:57.775 --> 00:15:00.310 at least for the foreseeable future. 00:15:00.310 --> 00:15:01.870 Elsevier and Springer, they're going to 00:15:01.870 --> 00:15:03.340 be around and they are 00:15:03.340 --> 00:15:06.580 now among the fastest growing away publishers. 00:15:06.580 --> 00:15:13.435 They're basically co-opting away from themselves. 00:15:13.435 --> 00:15:15.460 There's questions about, who pays 00:15:15.460 --> 00:15:17.110 for our processing charges, 00:15:17.110 --> 00:15:20.410 and is it equitable for everyone around the world? 00:15:20.410 --> 00:15:31.540 [NOISE] 00:15:31.540 --> 00:15:32.410 I'll end with this. 00:15:32.410 --> 00:15:34.819 [NOISE] There are some initiatives 00:15:34.819 --> 00:15:37.925 that suggest that we are heading in that direction. 00:15:37.925 --> 00:15:40.530 If you haven't heard about Plan S, 00:15:40.530 --> 00:15:45.250 this is a European initiative for journals [NOISE] to 00:15:45.250 --> 00:15:50.440 go open access by 2021, starting in 2021. 00:15:50.440 --> 00:15:55.855 The US, it's unclear what our placemat is going to be, 00:15:55.855 --> 00:15:59.050 but Plan S is specifically for 00:15:59.050 --> 00:16:05.300 European publications and European funded publications. 00:16:07.920 --> 00:16:11.710 There are increasingly more universities 00:16:11.710 --> 00:16:15.265 opting out of these big deals, 00:16:15.265 --> 00:16:18.320 so that's a good sign. 00:16:18.720 --> 00:16:24.340 The last point I would make is that I think there's 00:16:24.340 --> 00:16:27.400 an inevitability with open access and we're 00:16:27.400 --> 00:16:31.045 seeing it right now with the coronavirus. 00:16:31.045 --> 00:16:35.020 That part of the reason why we're able 00:16:35.020 --> 00:16:39.455 to attack the problem is open access to the literature. 00:16:39.455 --> 00:16:44.840 I've been reading that if you go to bioRxiv or medRxiv, 00:16:44.840 --> 00:16:47.509 they have set a tab for submission 00:16:47.509 --> 00:16:50.930 of articles on the coronavirus. 00:16:50.930 --> 00:16:54.680 The JAMA has received 00:16:54.680 --> 00:16:57.119 approximately 200 coronavirus 00:16:57.119 --> 00:16:59.005 manuscripts since mid-January, 00:16:59.005 --> 00:17:00.430 and the ones they're publishing even though 00:17:00.430 --> 00:17:01.940 it's a total access site, 00:17:01.940 --> 00:17:05.490 many cases are making those open access on their site. 00:17:05.490 --> 00:17:08.720 The pressure and the momentum 00:17:08.720 --> 00:17:10.695 is going towards open access, 00:17:10.695 --> 00:17:12.920 we just have a lot of issues 00:17:12.920 --> 00:17:15.305 to solve before that will happen. 00:17:15.305 --> 00:17:16.520 Thank you. 00:17:16.520 --> 00:17:23.306 [APPLAUSE] 00:17:23.306 --> 00:17:32.200 [BACKGROUND] 00:17:32.200 --> 00:17:37.255 Thank you Peter. I'm Philip Young. 00:17:37.255 --> 00:17:40.540 I am Manager Repository here at Virginia Tech. 00:17:40.540 --> 00:17:42.640 It's an open access repository 00:17:42.640 --> 00:17:45.025 that posts articles, presentations, 00:17:45.025 --> 00:17:47.110 posters, theses, 00:17:47.110 --> 00:17:48.819 and dissertations going to VTechWorks 00:17:48.819 --> 00:17:51.040 and get downloaded from all over the world. 00:17:51.040 --> 00:17:54.580 I want to define open access and talk 00:17:54.580 --> 00:17:55.660 about the ways that you can 00:17:55.660 --> 00:17:58.120 make scholarly work open access. 00:17:58.120 --> 00:18:05.410 [NOISE] The canonical definition by Peter Sub, 00:18:05.410 --> 00:18:08.920 one of the open access experts, 00:18:08.920 --> 00:18:11.410 is that it's digital, online, 00:18:11.410 --> 00:18:12.880 free of charge, and free of 00:18:12.880 --> 00:18:16.070 most copyright and licensing restrictions. 00:18:17.130 --> 00:18:22.030 In common parlance, we tend to focus on the first part. 00:18:22.030 --> 00:18:23.740 You can get through it, [NOISE] you could do 00:18:23.740 --> 00:18:25.840 the sign in like that, 00:18:25.840 --> 00:18:28.540 but we often forget about the second part, 00:18:28.540 --> 00:18:29.680 which is free of most 00:18:29.680 --> 00:18:32.420 copyright and licensing restrictions. 00:18:34.260 --> 00:18:37.450 Most open access journals, for example, 00:18:37.450 --> 00:18:40.810 will publish articles under Creative Commons license. 00:18:40.810 --> 00:18:43.570 Those articles are still copyrighted 00:18:43.570 --> 00:18:46.000 but permissions are given in advance to share. 00:18:46.000 --> 00:18:48.760 You can take that article, post it on another site. 00:18:48.760 --> 00:18:50.620 You can reuse it for other things. 00:18:50.620 --> 00:18:53.905 You can reuse the figures with attribution, of course, 00:18:53.905 --> 00:18:56.020 but I just wanted to 00:18:56.020 --> 00:18:58.240 point out that we commonly forget about 00:18:58.240 --> 00:19:00.940 the second part with 00:19:00.940 --> 00:19:05.450 open licensing for open access works. 00:19:06.090 --> 00:19:09.040 Why are we concerned about this? 00:19:09.040 --> 00:19:12.340 The fact is that most people lack access, of course. 00:19:12.340 --> 00:19:14.260 Our colleagues at other universities, 00:19:14.260 --> 00:19:16.150 it's very difficult, if not impossible, 00:19:16.150 --> 00:19:18.130 to tell which universities 00:19:18.130 --> 00:19:21.880 have which subscriptions to which terms. 00:19:21.880 --> 00:19:23.950 You may have a colleague in 00:19:23.950 --> 00:19:27.190 your field at another university, 00:19:27.190 --> 00:19:28.690 particularly small universities, 00:19:28.690 --> 00:19:30.670 they don't have access to that chart. 00:19:30.670 --> 00:19:33.760 This is a much bigger problem when we start looking 00:19:33.760 --> 00:19:36.220 at the international scene, 00:19:36.220 --> 00:19:38.440 particularly low and middle-income countries 00:19:38.440 --> 00:19:41.245 do not have the funds. 00:19:41.245 --> 00:19:44.440 Peter just got through telling us about the billions and 00:19:44.440 --> 00:19:48.485 billions that are involved in this industry. 00:19:48.485 --> 00:19:50.490 They don't have the money to subscribe, 00:19:50.490 --> 00:19:51.510 to the Elseviers, Wileys, 00:19:51.510 --> 00:19:53.940 and the Springer Natures of the world. 00:19:53.940 --> 00:19:56.895 Frequently, researchers 00:19:56.895 --> 00:19:58.350 in low and middle income countries 00:19:58.350 --> 00:19:59.970 are at a big disadvantage because they don't have 00:19:59.970 --> 00:20:02.975 access to do their own research. 00:20:02.975 --> 00:20:06.520 As Peter mentioned, much research is funded by 00:20:06.520 --> 00:20:09.055 taxpayers here in the Unites States 00:20:09.055 --> 00:20:11.260 through federal agencies like NIH, 00:20:11.260 --> 00:20:13.460 NSF, all the others. 00:20:13.460 --> 00:20:15.945 You can make a case that everyone at Virginia Tech 00:20:15.945 --> 00:20:18.090 is in part funded by taxpayers, 00:20:18.090 --> 00:20:21.510 because we are in part funded by taxpayers in Virginia. 00:20:21.510 --> 00:20:23.250 There's a strong case 00:20:23.250 --> 00:20:25.505 there that this should be public knowledge. 00:20:25.505 --> 00:20:27.790 Also, if your work has anything to do 00:20:27.790 --> 00:20:30.625 with policy, influence policy, 00:20:30.625 --> 00:20:32.830 we need to remember that government policymakers, 00:20:32.830 --> 00:20:34.990 non-governmental organizations typically do not 00:20:34.990 --> 00:20:38.450 have access to peer reviewed research. 00:20:38.580 --> 00:20:40.870 To make an impact, 00:20:40.870 --> 00:20:43.585 you really need to have access to your work. 00:20:43.585 --> 00:20:46.540 Then, of course, all of you are going to be 00:20:46.540 --> 00:20:49.675 alumni at some point when you graduate. 00:20:49.675 --> 00:20:51.805 That access gets cut off. 00:20:51.805 --> 00:20:53.860 Unless you re-engage with 00:20:53.860 --> 00:20:57.340 another institution that does have lots of access, 00:20:57.340 --> 00:21:00.265 pays these millions of dollars a year, 00:21:00.265 --> 00:21:02.215 you won't have access. 00:21:02.215 --> 00:21:05.320 We spend time focusing on peer reviewed research 00:21:05.320 --> 00:21:08.110 and how that's the information of importance, 00:21:08.110 --> 00:21:10.150 but then we've got people off from it. 00:21:10.150 --> 00:21:13.600 It also benefits authors. 00:21:13.600 --> 00:21:16.960 There are about 70 studies showing 00:21:16.960 --> 00:21:19.405 citation advantage for open access papers 00:21:19.405 --> 00:21:21.970 over subscription access papers. 00:21:21.970 --> 00:21:24.265 Not all studies show the advantage, 00:21:24.265 --> 00:21:26.170 but I think about 50 out of 00:21:26.170 --> 00:21:28.330 70 show the citation advantage. 00:21:28.330 --> 00:21:34.255 That's important for scholars inside the academy. 00:21:34.255 --> 00:21:36.850 There's also an old metric advantage. 00:21:36.850 --> 00:21:40.090 All metrics are links coming from elsewhere on the web. 00:21:40.090 --> 00:21:42.250 You can think of this citation advantage as 00:21:42.250 --> 00:21:44.680 being an ivory tower thing 00:21:44.680 --> 00:21:46.390 that most of the world does not care about 00:21:46.390 --> 00:21:49.600 too much metric advantages the rest of the world. 00:21:49.600 --> 00:21:51.190 That can be a link from 00:21:51.190 --> 00:21:53.965 New York Times or any media organization. 00:21:53.965 --> 00:21:55.825 It can be social media, 00:21:55.825 --> 00:21:59.605 it can be policy documents, that sort of thing. 00:21:59.605 --> 00:22:01.690 There's an advantage there as well. 00:22:01.690 --> 00:22:03.250 When things are open, you can link 00:22:03.250 --> 00:22:05.600 to them and other people can link to them. 00:22:05.600 --> 00:22:08.565 That also helps with promoting your own work. 00:22:08.565 --> 00:22:11.145 A lot of funders 00:22:11.145 --> 00:22:13.980 and universities are interested in broader impact now, 00:22:13.980 --> 00:22:16.830 not just impact within academia. 00:22:16.830 --> 00:22:18.900 If you use Twitter or 00:22:18.900 --> 00:22:21.450 any social media or you blog about your work, 00:22:21.450 --> 00:22:22.695 [BACKGROUND] you want to give 00:22:22.695 --> 00:22:24.780 equal link that's going to work for everyone. 00:22:24.780 --> 00:22:26.430 You don't want to send people to 00:22:26.430 --> 00:22:29.495 a link where people are going to got to pay for. 00:22:29.495 --> 00:22:31.869 Open access also facilitates 00:22:31.869 --> 00:22:34.975 other uses like text and data mining. 00:22:34.975 --> 00:22:37.060 Ten or 15 years ago, 00:22:37.060 --> 00:22:40.060 people maybe weren't thinking about this, but now, 00:22:40.060 --> 00:22:42.790 we can [BACKGROUND] aggregate a corpus in 00:22:42.790 --> 00:22:44.290 a particular field and do text 00:22:44.290 --> 00:22:46.495 and data mining in that corpus. 00:22:46.495 --> 00:22:49.330 Open access makes that much easier. 00:22:49.330 --> 00:22:50.590 Otherwise, you'd be going to 00:22:50.590 --> 00:22:52.540 every publisher who publishes journals 00:22:52.540 --> 00:22:55.675 in your field and negotiating access. 00:22:55.675 --> 00:22:57.280 Those terms may not be 00:22:57.280 --> 00:22:59.860 the terms that you need to do your research. 00:22:59.860 --> 00:23:04.255 That is foundation, is just an essential scholarly value. 00:23:04.255 --> 00:23:07.660 I have to be able to read all the articles in 00:23:07.660 --> 00:23:11.200 my field to know what research needs to be done, 00:23:11.200 --> 00:23:12.940 and everyone else in 00:23:12.940 --> 00:23:16.165 my field needs to know what my research is too. 00:23:16.165 --> 00:23:18.310 It's just the basic scholarly value 00:23:18.310 --> 00:23:20.960 that we need to share our research. 00:23:21.330 --> 00:23:25.570 There are two ways to make your work open access. 00:23:25.570 --> 00:23:27.655 The first you probably know about is 00:23:27.655 --> 00:23:31.510 open access journals and the key question is, 00:23:31.510 --> 00:23:34.600 how do I find a legitimate one? 00:23:34.600 --> 00:23:38.170 There may be some well-known open access journals 00:23:38.170 --> 00:23:40.090 in your field, perhaps not. 00:23:40.090 --> 00:23:41.770 One way of finding them is 00:23:41.770 --> 00:23:43.570 the directory of open access journals, 00:23:43.570 --> 00:23:47.620 doaj.org, which has a pretty extensive vetting process. 00:23:47.620 --> 00:23:50.140 To get listed in that index can take a couple 00:23:50.140 --> 00:23:53.425 of years for a new journal to get listed. 00:23:53.425 --> 00:23:55.960 Here in the libraries, we use this directory all 00:23:55.960 --> 00:23:58.405 the time to make sure that 00:23:58.405 --> 00:23:59.800 our researchers are using 00:23:59.800 --> 00:24:04.000 vetted journals when they apply for our open-access fund. 00:24:04.000 --> 00:24:07.240 We also have Ulrich's periodical directory, 00:24:07.240 --> 00:24:10.165 which we have access to the library too, 00:24:10.165 --> 00:24:11.440 where you can sort by 00:24:11.440 --> 00:24:13.794 peer reviewed journals and open access. 00:24:13.794 --> 00:24:15.370 There's also a site called 00:24:15.370 --> 00:24:17.350 Think Check Submit if it's a journal you've 00:24:17.350 --> 00:24:19.390 never heard of and that sort of thing. 00:24:19.390 --> 00:24:21.190 You can check that site or 00:24:21.190 --> 00:24:24.310 even ask us because we look at journals all 00:24:24.310 --> 00:24:27.040 the time to determine whether we 00:24:27.040 --> 00:24:31.460 should fine [BACKGROUND] the article processing charges. 00:24:31.620 --> 00:24:34.270 Not all open access journals 00:24:34.270 --> 00:24:36.325 have article processing charges. 00:24:36.325 --> 00:24:38.755 In fact, the majority do not, 00:24:38.755 --> 00:24:40.330 but the [NOISE] journals that published 00:24:40.330 --> 00:24:42.220 the most papers tend to have 00:24:42.220 --> 00:24:45.940 article processing charges and the most prestigious ones. 00:24:45.940 --> 00:24:48.505 Typically these fees come out of grants. 00:24:48.505 --> 00:24:51.340 For example, if you have an NIH or NSF grant, 00:24:51.340 --> 00:24:54.100 you're allowed to use part of that funding 00:24:54.100 --> 00:24:57.430 for the article processing charge to access a journal. 00:24:57.430 --> 00:24:59.500 The libraries, as I just mentioned, 00:24:59.500 --> 00:25:01.300 has an open access fund and 00:25:01.300 --> 00:25:03.400 that's meant to be a safety net. 00:25:03.400 --> 00:25:05.050 If you don't have a grant, 00:25:05.050 --> 00:25:07.240 you can apply to the libraries [BACKGROUND] and 00:25:07.240 --> 00:25:09.024 that's open to everyone on campus, 00:25:09.024 --> 00:25:11.020 faculty, students, and staff. 00:25:11.020 --> 00:25:13.930 You can apply to this fund as well if there's 00:25:13.930 --> 00:25:15.865 the article processing charge 00:25:15.865 --> 00:25:18.745 and your research is not government funded. 00:25:18.745 --> 00:25:21.790 Because of our relationships with numerous publishers, 00:25:21.790 --> 00:25:24.760 we negotiated discounts with 00:25:24.760 --> 00:25:26.440 many of them too so you wouldn't pay 00:25:26.440 --> 00:25:28.720 the same article processing charge 00:25:28.720 --> 00:25:31.720 as you would otherwise. 00:25:31.720 --> 00:25:34.420 The second way to make your work open access, 00:25:34.420 --> 00:25:36.970 which is tremendously underutilized, 00:25:36.970 --> 00:25:38.755 is archiving your work. 00:25:38.755 --> 00:25:41.380 Which is taking a version of your work, 00:25:41.380 --> 00:25:44.680 such as the accepted manuscript or 00:25:44.680 --> 00:25:47.740 the submitted manuscript and 00:25:47.740 --> 00:25:50.780 posting that online in a repository. 00:25:50.910 --> 00:25:53.740 The key question is, 00:25:53.740 --> 00:25:56.995 do I have the right to do this under my contract? 00:25:56.995 --> 00:25:58.150 You need to check you're 00:25:58.150 --> 00:26:00.100 contracting with defined parameter. 00:26:00.100 --> 00:26:02.665 Typically, that contract will say 00:26:02.665 --> 00:26:05.890 what version you can post, when you can post it. 00:26:05.890 --> 00:26:07.990 Many publishers will impose 00:26:07.990 --> 00:26:11.875 an embargo of six months to 12 months after publication, 00:26:11.875 --> 00:26:13.860 and where you can post it. 00:26:13.860 --> 00:26:16.140 They become increasingly concerned about this 00:26:16.140 --> 00:26:19.035 with the for-profit aggregators, 00:26:19.035 --> 00:26:21.995 like ResearchGate and Academia.edu. 00:26:21.995 --> 00:26:25.300 They will frequently use the word non-commercial. 00:26:25.300 --> 00:26:27.715 You can post this on a noncommercial site. 00:26:27.715 --> 00:26:29.380 What that's doing is excluding 00:26:29.380 --> 00:26:31.880 research paid in Academia.edu. 00:26:32.010 --> 00:26:34.690 There's also a site based in 00:26:34.690 --> 00:26:37.330 the UK that aggregates all these Publisher permissions. 00:26:37.330 --> 00:26:39.595 It's very useful, called SHERPA/RoMEO. 00:26:39.595 --> 00:26:41.320 It's such an unusual name. 00:26:41.320 --> 00:26:44.379 I don't remember what it stands for, it is an acronym. 00:26:44.379 --> 00:26:46.900 But if you Google it, it will be the very first thing 00:26:46.900 --> 00:26:48.340 because nothing else has been named that, 00:26:48.340 --> 00:26:49.330 but in any case, 00:26:49.330 --> 00:26:51.010 you can put it in a journal title, 00:26:51.010 --> 00:26:52.720 an ISSN or something like that, 00:26:52.720 --> 00:26:54.520 it will bring you up a permissions page 00:26:54.520 --> 00:26:56.510 and tell you exactly what you can do. 00:26:56.510 --> 00:26:58.620 It'll say have green checkmark 00:26:58.620 --> 00:27:00.990 for pre-print or accepted manuscript. 00:27:00.990 --> 00:27:04.235 It will usually have a red X for the publishers' PDF. 00:27:04.235 --> 00:27:06.250 It's very rare for 00:27:06.250 --> 00:27:08.320 you to be able to share the publishers' PDF, 00:27:08.320 --> 00:27:11.860 but often that 80 percent of publishers will support 00:27:11.860 --> 00:27:17.455 you posting the pre-print or accepted manuscript online. 00:27:17.455 --> 00:27:20.020 You can also negotiate your contract. 00:27:20.020 --> 00:27:21.850 This really is a contract between you and 00:27:21.850 --> 00:27:25.570 the publisher where you transfer your copyright. 00:27:25.570 --> 00:27:27.880 If you don't like the terms under it, 00:27:27.880 --> 00:27:31.375 you can at least ask for something more. 00:27:31.375 --> 00:27:33.820 If there is a 24-month embargo, 00:27:33.820 --> 00:27:36.370 you can say, hey, what about a six-month embargo? 00:27:36.370 --> 00:27:38.870 Or can I post this online now? 00:27:38.870 --> 00:27:43.980 There's also an addendum online for scholars to do that, 00:27:43.980 --> 00:27:45.735 to add that to their contract 00:27:45.735 --> 00:27:49.055 when they return their copyright transfer payment. 00:27:49.055 --> 00:27:51.190 I also wanted to mention that there's 00:27:51.190 --> 00:27:53.320 a proposed open access policy here at 00:27:53.320 --> 00:27:55.765 Virginia Tech that we've covered. 00:27:55.765 --> 00:27:58.165 Originally it was for faculty and now, 00:27:58.165 --> 00:28:00.805 it's written in such a way that it covers everyone, 00:28:00.805 --> 00:28:03.400 faculty, students, and staff. 00:28:03.400 --> 00:28:06.940 Basically, it will become 00:28:06.940 --> 00:28:09.340 part of another high-key policy. 00:28:09.340 --> 00:28:10.990 It's not a sure thing yet, 00:28:10.990 --> 00:28:12.790 we're still in discussion with 00:28:12.790 --> 00:28:17.395 university council, but essentially, 00:28:17.395 --> 00:28:21.100 authors would grant a non-exclusive license 00:28:21.100 --> 00:28:22.750 to the university in order to be able 00:28:22.750 --> 00:28:25.630 to post their articles online 00:28:25.630 --> 00:28:29.005 at the time of publication, zero embargo. 00:28:29.005 --> 00:28:31.480 Anytime you published in a subscription ground, 00:28:31.480 --> 00:28:33.490 you would always have an open access to refer, 00:28:33.490 --> 00:28:36.860 Open Access version 2.2. 00:28:38.370 --> 00:28:41.290 Where should you post your report? 00:28:41.290 --> 00:28:43.300 Well, here at Virginia Tech we do have 00:28:43.300 --> 00:28:47.305 repository VTechWorks which is accessed around the world. 00:28:47.305 --> 00:28:49.689 It involves just registering, 00:28:49.689 --> 00:28:52.090 and then emailing us for a collection. 00:28:52.090 --> 00:28:56.500 We have collections for every department here, 00:28:56.500 --> 00:28:59.755 as well as institute research centers and so on. 00:28:59.755 --> 00:29:02.530 Faculty can deposit directly 00:29:02.530 --> 00:29:04.450 from Elements which is 00:29:04.450 --> 00:29:07.120 the EFAR System when you do your annual reports. 00:29:07.120 --> 00:29:08.620 That is quite easy. 00:29:08.620 --> 00:29:10.450 You can do it all in one place. 00:29:10.450 --> 00:29:13.000 There are also lots of disciplinary repositories 00:29:13.000 --> 00:29:15.085 and preprint servers like arXiv, 00:29:15.085 --> 00:29:18.280 bioRxiv as well as taking off in the last five years. 00:29:18.280 --> 00:29:20.395 For virtually every discipline now, 00:29:20.395 --> 00:29:22.870 there's a preprint server. 00:29:22.870 --> 00:29:25.120 There's also some generic ones 00:29:25.120 --> 00:29:26.710 like open science framework 00:29:26.710 --> 00:29:30.685 as one just called preprints; preprints.org. 00:29:30.685 --> 00:29:34.645 There are a lot of places where you can post preprints, 00:29:34.645 --> 00:29:37.315 but you need to make sure that your journal 00:29:37.315 --> 00:29:40.870 will accept this or permit posting preprints. 00:29:40.870 --> 00:29:42.955 That is one caveat. 00:29:42.955 --> 00:29:44.530 If you're interested in posting 00:29:44.530 --> 00:29:46.285 your simulated version online, 00:29:46.285 --> 00:29:48.430 is that you need to know the journal's policy too, 00:29:48.430 --> 00:29:49.915 so you can either shuffle around 00:29:49.915 --> 00:29:54.820 the journal's page to see if preprints are accepted. 00:29:54.820 --> 00:29:59.810 Frequently, they will allow you to post on your website. 00:30:00.390 --> 00:30:03.640 Often, they will see your website immediately and 00:30:03.640 --> 00:30:07.150 then repository after 12 months or something like that. 00:30:07.150 --> 00:30:10.930 I would strongly advise you to put it in both places if 00:30:10.930 --> 00:30:11.950 you're going to do that because 00:30:11.950 --> 00:30:14.605 the repository is going to take care of it, preserve it. 00:30:14.605 --> 00:30:17.815 Have a persistent URL for your website, 00:30:17.815 --> 00:30:19.780 particularly if it's on a VT domain. 00:30:19.780 --> 00:30:21.280 When you use Virginia Tech, 00:30:21.280 --> 00:30:23.330 it's probably going to get wiped. 00:30:23.640 --> 00:30:27.025 You won't be able to preserve that work. 00:30:27.025 --> 00:30:29.530 I mentioned earlier the commercial repositories. 00:30:29.530 --> 00:30:31.690 Whenever you see the word non-commercial 00:30:31.690 --> 00:30:33.790 in the fine print about posting 00:30:33.790 --> 00:30:36.790 accepted manuscripts and preprints, 00:30:36.790 --> 00:30:40.520 they're in researchacademia.edu. 00:30:41.010 --> 00:30:44.410 I also wanted to mention open data since we don't 00:30:44.410 --> 00:30:47.905 have somebody here from our data services team. 00:30:47.905 --> 00:30:50.050 This is increasingly required by 00:30:50.050 --> 00:30:52.660 both journals and funders. 00:30:52.660 --> 00:30:55.390 It improves the research integrity 00:30:55.390 --> 00:30:57.400 and replicability of the work. 00:30:57.400 --> 00:31:00.520 There's a saying in stem fields [NOISE] particularly, 00:31:00.520 --> 00:31:04.185 but the article is just an advertisement for the data. 00:31:04.185 --> 00:31:06.240 A lot of times you'll read an article and say, 00:31:06.240 --> 00:31:07.440 I want to see a data behind this. 00:31:07.440 --> 00:31:08.490 How did they do this? 00:31:08.490 --> 00:31:11.705 What system did they choose to get this. 00:31:11.705 --> 00:31:15.895 It also becomes a citable object in itself with a DOI, 00:31:15.895 --> 00:31:20.750 and so you can get citations for your data set. 00:31:20.880 --> 00:31:25.060 Data management plans are now required by most of 00:31:25.060 --> 00:31:29.360 the major federal funders like NIH and NSF. 00:31:29.460 --> 00:31:32.170 I briefly wanted to mention some of 00:31:32.170 --> 00:31:33.580 the library services for 00:31:33.580 --> 00:31:36.055 open access in the data that we provide here. 00:31:36.055 --> 00:31:38.290 For the articles themselves, 00:31:38.290 --> 00:31:41.005 they have an open access guide online which 00:31:41.005 --> 00:31:43.210 explains in much more depth 00:31:43.210 --> 00:31:45.880 some of the things that I've talked about tonight. 00:31:45.880 --> 00:31:49.150 We have our subvention fund that you can find by 00:31:49.150 --> 00:31:50.590 searching a VT side and 00:31:50.590 --> 00:31:52.435 discounts that I mentioned earlier. 00:31:52.435 --> 00:31:55.510 Repositories, VTechWorks, anyone is free to 00:31:55.510 --> 00:31:57.100 register and close works 00:31:57.100 --> 00:31:59.140 there if you have a poster presentation, 00:31:59.140 --> 00:32:00.970 video conference, that sort of 00:32:00.970 --> 00:32:03.460 thing, we'd love to have it. 00:32:03.460 --> 00:32:06.130 We have several people who monitor the email address, 00:32:06.130 --> 00:32:07.480 if you have any questions at all, 00:32:07.480 --> 00:32:09.805 just email vtechworks@vt.edu. 00:32:09.805 --> 00:32:13.090 Even if it's not about posting something in VTechWorks, 00:32:13.090 --> 00:32:16.045 we'll be glad to help you if it's an open access issue. 00:32:16.045 --> 00:32:19.210 For data, we have some guides online for 00:32:19.210 --> 00:32:20.890 data management and including 00:32:20.890 --> 00:32:23.800 some specific guides for NIH and NSF. 00:32:23.800 --> 00:32:26.170 We also have data studios here for 00:32:26.170 --> 00:32:28.420 data transformation and data visualization, 00:32:28.420 --> 00:32:30.400 which has gotten really heavy use. 00:32:30.400 --> 00:32:32.155 Those are really cool studios, 00:32:32.155 --> 00:32:35.215 so I advise you to take advantage of those. 00:32:35.215 --> 00:32:38.470 We also have a data repository called VTechData. 00:32:38.470 --> 00:32:40.990 It's just like VTechWorks, 00:32:40.990 --> 00:32:44.030 but it's just for big datasets. 00:32:44.040 --> 00:32:46.780 If your general founder requires that 00:32:46.780 --> 00:32:48.760 you put your data somewhere, 00:32:48.760 --> 00:32:51.145 do you want a persistent identifier for it, 00:32:51.145 --> 00:32:52.810 that's the place for it. 00:32:52.810 --> 00:32:55.255 Their e-mail is dataservices@vt.edu. 00:32:55.255 --> 00:32:57.430 They do a lot of consulting about 00:32:57.430 --> 00:33:00.460 wide variety of data related issues. 00:33:00.460 --> 00:33:01.660 If you have any of 00:33:01.660 --> 00:33:04.195 those questions about any of those issues, 00:33:04.195 --> 00:33:06.745 set an appointment with them. 00:33:06.745 --> 00:33:09.100 With that, I will return it 00:33:09.100 --> 00:33:12.490 over to Anita. [BACKGROUND] [APPLAUSE] 00:33:12.490 --> 00:33:26.900 Thank you so much. 00:33:27.150 --> 00:33:29.830 I'm going to give you an introduction 00:33:29.830 --> 00:33:32.845 to open educational resources. 00:33:32.845 --> 00:33:35.440 If you might think well, 00:33:35.440 --> 00:33:37.000 these are not really connected [NOISE] 00:33:37.000 --> 00:33:40.315 to other kinds of open. 00:33:40.315 --> 00:33:42.085 But as Philip mentioned, 00:33:42.085 --> 00:33:44.650 one of the key selling points 00:33:44.650 --> 00:33:51.460 that is maybe not so often mentioned is that 00:33:51.460 --> 00:33:58.285 open access [NOISE] does have licenses that allow 00:33:58.285 --> 00:34:01.840 full reuse editing adaptation 00:34:01.840 --> 00:34:04.045 of the content that is under 00:34:04.045 --> 00:34:06.385 a Creative Common Attribution license. 00:34:06.385 --> 00:34:08.635 There's a lot of connection. 00:34:08.635 --> 00:34:12.340 But we still wonder, are these the same? 00:34:12.340 --> 00:34:14.875 Is this a different name for the same thing? 00:34:14.875 --> 00:34:16.690 What are the differences? 00:34:16.690 --> 00:34:19.345 If open access, yeah, 00:34:19.345 --> 00:34:24.865 it's Creative Common of an attribution license or no? 00:34:24.865 --> 00:34:27.100 If open access just means free online 00:34:27.100 --> 00:34:30.325 and nothing else, then they are different. 00:34:30.325 --> 00:34:34.525 Faculty senate asked me last semester, 00:34:34.525 --> 00:34:35.620 what is the difference? 00:34:35.620 --> 00:34:37.630 [LAUGHTER] It took me 00:34:37.630 --> 00:34:40.300 a while to come up with some ways of 00:34:40.300 --> 00:34:42.430 talking about the differences between 00:34:42.430 --> 00:34:45.160 open access and open educational resources. 00:34:45.160 --> 00:34:48.834 [NOISE] This chart displays at the top, 00:34:48.834 --> 00:34:51.700 how are they different in purpose. 00:34:51.700 --> 00:34:53.410 The blue oval on the 00:34:53.410 --> 00:34:56.830 left represent open educational resources. 00:34:56.830 --> 00:34:58.780 This is codified knowledge. 00:34:58.780 --> 00:35:00.775 It's useful for learning, 00:35:00.775 --> 00:35:03.220 it's useful for stimulating discourse, 00:35:03.220 --> 00:35:05.605 it includes lots of different formats, 00:35:05.605 --> 00:35:07.225 it's free to the public, 00:35:07.225 --> 00:35:09.835 customization is hours permitted. 00:35:09.835 --> 00:35:15.520 Then on the right in the yellow oval, open access. 00:35:15.520 --> 00:35:17.740 These tend to be scholarly works. 00:35:17.740 --> 00:35:20.605 They're created to document new knowledge, 00:35:20.605 --> 00:35:24.925 they're also created to advance a scholarly conversation. 00:35:24.925 --> 00:35:27.280 Public access is always free. 00:35:27.280 --> 00:35:31.015 Sometimes they have open licenses, 00:35:31.015 --> 00:35:34.120 and the formats tend to be scholarly works, 00:35:34.120 --> 00:35:36.010 scholarly books, scholarly journal 00:35:36.010 --> 00:35:39.055 articles, things like those. 00:35:39.055 --> 00:35:41.965 How are they different in the physical world? 00:35:41.965 --> 00:35:45.040 People ask, well, if you have 00:35:45.040 --> 00:35:49.015 a printed version of an open educational resource, 00:35:49.015 --> 00:35:51.530 is it still open? 00:35:51.540 --> 00:35:54.985 My answer to that is, yes, 00:35:54.985 --> 00:35:56.530 it still have an open license, 00:35:56.530 --> 00:35:58.240 but it does have a cost because 00:35:58.240 --> 00:36:01.285 printing things on paper has a cost. 00:36:01.285 --> 00:36:04.164 There is an overlap between 00:36:04.164 --> 00:36:06.655 things that are freely available online, 00:36:06.655 --> 00:36:08.740 things that are openly licensed, 00:36:08.740 --> 00:36:11.020 open educational resources, and things that 00:36:11.020 --> 00:36:13.480 are available in the physical world 00:36:13.480 --> 00:36:15.775 that have an open license that 00:36:15.775 --> 00:36:19.195 allows their free adaptation. 00:36:19.195 --> 00:36:22.360 Then the very bottom chart, 00:36:22.360 --> 00:36:24.130 I have a copy of those for you if 00:36:24.130 --> 00:36:27.290 you want assistance with taking pictures. 00:36:29.610 --> 00:36:33.250 We are open access and closed 00:36:33.250 --> 00:36:35.950 all tool publications are differentiated 00:36:35.950 --> 00:36:39.040 primarily because of the way 00:36:39.040 --> 00:36:42.565 that the creator of the work has licensed it. 00:36:42.565 --> 00:36:45.940 Works are automatically in the US under copyright. 00:36:45.940 --> 00:36:49.630 Creative things that she make, build, document, 00:36:49.630 --> 00:36:54.310 automatically enjoy copyright protection. 00:36:54.310 --> 00:36:56.650 Many people will say, "Oh, 00:36:56.650 --> 00:36:59.560 I wish that I could tell people up front that 00:36:59.560 --> 00:37:03.160 they could use this work for some other purpose." 00:37:03.160 --> 00:37:05.410 The Creative Commons licenses, 00:37:05.410 --> 00:37:08.170 [BACKGROUND] the wide variety of them, 00:37:08.170 --> 00:37:12.895 communicate the additional availability 00:37:12.895 --> 00:37:16.945 of these rights to bar 5. 00:37:16.945 --> 00:37:18.400 In the blue section, 00:37:18.400 --> 00:37:21.355 you see resources that can be modified, 00:37:21.355 --> 00:37:23.200 things that can be 00:37:23.200 --> 00:37:26.020 customized to better fit your audience. 00:37:26.020 --> 00:37:28.210 For example, this book 00:37:28.210 --> 00:37:31.840 was modified from an [BACKGROUND] existing open textbook. 00:37:31.840 --> 00:37:35.170 It has also been made into a Canadian edition. 00:37:35.170 --> 00:37:37.090 So if there are any Canadians here, 00:37:37.090 --> 00:37:40.240 I'd like to make sure that you get a chance to see this. 00:37:40.240 --> 00:37:43.030 See the Canadian musician as well. 00:37:43.030 --> 00:37:48.110 I'll pass this around after talking with you. 00:37:48.110 --> 00:37:51.505 All of the blue section says, 00:37:51.505 --> 00:37:54.490 "You are welcome to modify and share." 00:37:54.490 --> 00:37:58.000 Sometimes you're allowed to make money off of things, 00:37:58.000 --> 00:37:59.710 sometimes you are not. 00:37:59.710 --> 00:38:02.230 The yellow section below that says, 00:38:02.230 --> 00:38:04.150 "You're welcome to share, 00:38:04.150 --> 00:38:06.234 but you cannot modify." 00:38:06.234 --> 00:38:08.410 There's usefulness in this too, 00:38:08.410 --> 00:38:11.424 if you get something that's freely available, 00:38:11.424 --> 00:38:13.495 but you can't customize it. 00:38:13.495 --> 00:38:15.834 If you want to make something 00:38:15.834 --> 00:38:19.390 into a version that [NOISE] would better fit 00:38:19.390 --> 00:38:22.630 your students or would better fit your location or 00:38:22.630 --> 00:38:26.440 your unique educational contexts you can't, 00:38:26.440 --> 00:38:28.210 but it's still freely available 00:38:28.210 --> 00:38:31.225 online and that is helpful. 00:38:31.225 --> 00:38:33.310 We'll skip through those. 00:38:33.310 --> 00:38:40.840 [NOISE] The Creative Commons licenses allow five. 00:38:40.840 --> 00:38:43.960 These four Creative Commons licenses plus 00:38:43.960 --> 00:38:46.880 two public domain markers 00:38:47.220 --> 00:38:53.425 apply to what we call 5 R permissions. 00:38:53.425 --> 00:38:57.400 The questions they would ask is can anyone routine it? 00:38:57.400 --> 00:38:59.590 Revise it? Reuse it? 00:38:59.590 --> 00:39:02.620 Remix it and redistribute it? 00:39:02.620 --> 00:39:07.610 Can customize and share these kinds of things? 00:39:08.090 --> 00:39:12.570 The book that you just saw has over 00:39:12.570 --> 00:39:15.045 500,000 downloads [BACKGROUND] worldwide 00:39:15.045 --> 00:39:18.880 in about two and half years. 00:39:19.200 --> 00:39:23.095 I think we're probably up to about 40 million adoptions. 00:39:23.095 --> 00:39:25.585 This point used in many schools. 00:39:25.585 --> 00:39:27.490 You see that the reach of 00:39:27.490 --> 00:39:31.105 these materials is really powerful. 00:39:31.105 --> 00:39:33.460 People are looking for these kinds of things. 00:39:33.460 --> 00:39:35.170 If you build something that's really great, 00:39:35.170 --> 00:39:36.925 you put an open license on it, 00:39:36.925 --> 00:39:41.110 it's really fun to see it travel and fun to 00:39:41.110 --> 00:39:45.490 see people pick it up and send you a message and say, 00:39:45.490 --> 00:39:47.425 "Hey, what about this? 00:39:47.425 --> 00:39:49.930 Would you consider making a test bank? 00:39:49.930 --> 00:39:51.894 Do you slides?" 00:39:51.894 --> 00:39:55.930 There are some potentials for creating communities 00:39:55.930 --> 00:39:59.860 of practitioners that work on the same things. 00:39:59.860 --> 00:40:02.005 Another example of this is 00:40:02.005 --> 00:40:04.450 the project management for instructional designers. 00:40:04.450 --> 00:40:06.655 This is an open text that was 00:40:06.655 --> 00:40:10.360 created by numerous graduate students. 00:40:10.360 --> 00:40:12.640 They were tasked with 00:40:12.640 --> 00:40:14.860 adapting a book on 00:40:14.860 --> 00:40:17.575 project management to their discipline. 00:40:17.575 --> 00:40:20.185 They started with project management, 00:40:20.185 --> 00:40:22.689 and they demonstrated their knowledge 00:40:22.689 --> 00:40:24.970 of instructional design by 00:40:24.970 --> 00:40:27.205 adapting the book to fit 00:40:27.205 --> 00:40:28.780 their [BACKGROUND] course for 00:40:28.780 --> 00:40:31.370 the students that come after them. 00:40:32.250 --> 00:40:36.380 Communities are not exempt from this. 00:40:36.420 --> 00:40:46.220 This is a taxed public domain readings that are pre 1925, 00:40:47.070 --> 00:40:49.780 and is an anthology that's 00:40:49.780 --> 00:40:51.880 built in an application called Press Books, 00:40:51.880 --> 00:40:54.580 which we now have here at Virginia Tech as 00:40:54.580 --> 00:40:56.620 a campus wide subscription 00:40:56.620 --> 00:40:59.150 after a [inaudible] year of waiting. 00:41:00.780 --> 00:41:03.220 The faculty member involved in 00:41:03.220 --> 00:41:05.410 this revenue also worked with a group of 00:41:05.410 --> 00:41:07.390 undergraduate students who helped 00:41:07.390 --> 00:41:09.685 her to write introductions, 00:41:09.685 --> 00:41:10.915 write summaries, 00:41:10.915 --> 00:41:14.320 write supplementary material to introduce 00:41:14.320 --> 00:41:17.020 the text for each of 00:41:17.020 --> 00:41:20.650 the sections that we're covering in this anthology. 00:41:20.650 --> 00:41:24.550 Going beyond open educational resources, 00:41:24.550 --> 00:41:28.915 what is the driving philosophy behind these things? 00:41:28.915 --> 00:41:32.250 It's really saying you can 00:41:32.250 --> 00:41:35.655 create assignments that are valuable in the world. 00:41:35.655 --> 00:41:37.740 This is not to say that all of 00:41:37.740 --> 00:41:40.900 the homework that you do is garbage. 00:41:40.900 --> 00:41:43.930 That's really not what I'm trying to say, 00:41:43.930 --> 00:41:49.255 but if you, as future faculty and this current faculty, 00:41:49.255 --> 00:41:54.880 find a way to create work or valuable [NOISE] 00:41:54.880 --> 00:41:57.700 formative work for students that is also 00:41:57.700 --> 00:42:01.105 valuable for the world but that's quite a win. 00:42:01.105 --> 00:42:02.260 It's a win for students, 00:42:02.260 --> 00:42:03.280 it's a win for the world, 00:42:03.280 --> 00:42:04.660 it's a win for learning 00:42:04.660 --> 00:42:07.090 because we learn a lot more when we can apply 00:42:07.090 --> 00:42:11.995 the things that we're learning to the real-world. 00:42:11.995 --> 00:42:16.780 Lastly, an open pedagogy, 00:42:16.780 --> 00:42:19.750 leveraging student agency [inaudible] [NOISE] 00:42:19.750 --> 00:42:23.540 in this class from what I understand, 00:42:26.820 --> 00:42:30.310 that you have a different relationship 00:42:30.310 --> 00:42:32.860 between you and your professor where you have 00:42:32.860 --> 00:42:35.260 a lot of control over your learning and a lot of 00:42:35.260 --> 00:42:38.410 control over your decisions 00:42:38.410 --> 00:42:41.800 that you are creating and you're hoping 00:42:41.800 --> 00:42:47.740 to build things that are useful for your future for you. 00:42:47.740 --> 00:42:53.950 Open education is both practice, philosophy, movement, 00:42:53.950 --> 00:42:57.520 but it's geared toward breaking down some of 00:42:57.520 --> 00:43:01.300 the barriers that students face in the learning process. 00:43:01.300 --> 00:43:03.220 Some of those are costs, 00:43:03.220 --> 00:43:05.845 but many of them are how we teach, 00:43:05.845 --> 00:43:10.885 what we teach, and what we use for teaching. 00:43:10.885 --> 00:43:15.190 I'd like to turn this over to the panel, 00:43:15.190 --> 00:43:19.030 and our first question and let's see, 00:43:19.030 --> 00:43:21.370 let's start with someone who has not talked yet, 00:43:21.370 --> 00:43:23.770 who would like to be that person? 00:43:23.770 --> 00:43:25.300 Oh, they're very shy. 00:43:25.300 --> 00:43:29.740 [NOISE] Our first question is, 00:43:29.740 --> 00:43:32.515 how did you get started in open 00:43:32.515 --> 00:43:37.600 and what does that mean [NOISE] in your experience? 00:43:37.600 --> 00:43:40.075 Hi, everyone. Freddy Paige. 00:43:40.075 --> 00:43:42.295 I'm Assistant Director at Civil Engineering. 00:43:42.295 --> 00:43:43.840 Also, the Assistant Director of 00:43:43.840 --> 00:43:46.090 our Housing Resource Center. 00:43:46.090 --> 00:43:49.705 I got started with Open global for being a professor. 00:43:49.705 --> 00:43:51.100 I wanted to create knowledge 00:43:51.100 --> 00:43:52.705 and share information with people, 00:43:52.705 --> 00:43:55.044 mostly as hip hop musician 00:43:55.044 --> 00:43:56.650 and always want to make music free and 00:43:56.650 --> 00:43:58.510 open access that people can 00:43:58.510 --> 00:44:01.255 understand my story in my community, etc., 00:44:01.255 --> 00:44:03.160 but then being curious, 00:44:03.160 --> 00:44:04.690 a permanent grad student getting involved 00:44:04.690 --> 00:44:06.820 with publications and all of that, 00:44:06.820 --> 00:44:08.800 I actually got involved in Open about 00:44:08.800 --> 00:44:10.945 finding out that information wasn't free. 00:44:10.945 --> 00:44:12.190 I thought it was free. 00:44:12.190 --> 00:44:14.020 I thought that was the whole goal. 00:44:14.020 --> 00:44:15.789 Your teacher, your scholars, 00:44:15.789 --> 00:44:17.890 and share information and that's what you do. 00:44:17.890 --> 00:44:19.390 Some learning that they did 00:44:19.390 --> 00:44:20.770 this behind it made me think about, 00:44:20.770 --> 00:44:21.970 "Okay, well how could we look to 00:44:21.970 --> 00:44:23.350 do avenue that we can take?" 00:44:23.350 --> 00:44:26.020 [NOISE] It's always been 00:44:26.020 --> 00:44:27.730 looking for different places to publish, 00:44:27.730 --> 00:44:29.500 civil engineering's not a space that's 00:44:29.500 --> 00:44:31.525 actually quick to adapt 00:44:31.525 --> 00:44:33.710 to things like Open, we're getting there. 00:44:33.710 --> 00:44:35.785 My first major publication that was 00:44:35.785 --> 00:44:38.040 Open was through scientific data, 00:44:38.040 --> 00:44:39.510 and they actually required you to 00:44:39.510 --> 00:44:42.330 be open for the article, 00:44:42.330 --> 00:44:44.580 but then also for the dataset so 00:44:44.580 --> 00:44:45.630 that people could actually 00:44:45.630 --> 00:44:47.070 reproduce the stuff that you're doing. 00:44:47.070 --> 00:44:48.500 You had to host it online. 00:44:48.500 --> 00:44:50.970 I chose OSF, the Open Science Framework, 00:44:50.970 --> 00:44:53.180 just because it had the feature that I needed. 00:44:53.180 --> 00:44:54.470 But I saw that there was a lot of 00:44:54.470 --> 00:44:56.900 different options that I had no idea about. 00:44:56.900 --> 00:44:58.730 When I was looking at the papers, I'm like, "Oh, man, 00:44:58.730 --> 00:45:00.485 I really wish I knew how they did that, 00:45:00.485 --> 00:45:02.870 or I could play with their data and try to replicate it." 00:45:02.870 --> 00:45:04.695 Now I know there is that opportunity, 00:45:04.695 --> 00:45:08.280 and we just have to create that community and culture. 00:45:09.800 --> 00:45:13.680 Let's see. Tyechia, would you like to introduce yourself, 00:45:13.680 --> 00:45:14.910 talk about your role here 00:45:14.910 --> 00:45:16.260 at the university and then how you do that? 00:45:16.260 --> 00:45:17.450 [NOISE] 00:45:17.450 --> 00:45:18.810 Hello, I'm Tyechia Thompson. 00:45:18.810 --> 00:45:20.430 I'm a digital humanities postdoc 00:45:20.430 --> 00:45:22.305 in the Center for Humanities. 00:45:22.305 --> 00:45:24.570 My introduction to Open 00:45:24.570 --> 00:45:27.340 was while writing my dissertation, 00:45:27.340 --> 00:45:31.455 I created three digital, 00:45:31.455 --> 00:45:34.155 I guess, what would I call it? 00:45:34.155 --> 00:45:36.610 Three digital.