WEBVTT 1 00:00:08.140 --> 00:00:11.509 A:middle L:90% Women and Gender in international development at the Office of 2 00:00:11.519 --> 00:00:14.859 A:middle L:90% International Research Education development. So we host a women 3 00:00:14.859 --> 00:00:18.140 A:middle L:90% and gender discussion series uh once a month we have 4 00:00:18.140 --> 00:00:21.210 A:middle L:90% a speaker. Uh so we're happy you can join 5 00:00:21.210 --> 00:00:23.089 A:middle L:90% us is the second one of the semester. We're 6 00:00:23.089 --> 00:00:25.089 A:middle L:90% also happy that those of you from the Northern Virginia 7 00:00:25.089 --> 00:00:28.300 A:middle L:90% campus on webex. We're want to start by reading 8 00:00:28.300 --> 00:00:30.690 A:middle L:90% a brief statement. And that is, we would 9 00:00:30.690 --> 00:00:33.020 A:middle L:90% like to acknowledge that this event is being held on 10 00:00:33.020 --> 00:00:36.439 A:middle L:90% the traditional lands of the tutello and Moroccan people who 11 00:00:36.439 --> 00:00:41.270 A:middle L:90% are the original custodians of this land. Um okay 12 00:00:41.270 --> 00:00:42.439 A:middle L:90% , so we have a sign up sheet. I 13 00:00:42.439 --> 00:00:43.929 A:middle L:90% saw a lot of people signing up in the back 14 00:00:43.939 --> 00:00:45.409 A:middle L:90% . Please be sure you sign up. It's really 15 00:00:45.409 --> 00:00:47.700 A:middle L:90% important to us to know. You can add your 16 00:00:47.700 --> 00:00:49.119 A:middle L:90% email and check if you want to be on our 17 00:00:49.119 --> 00:00:51.039 A:middle L:90% listener. You don't have to, if you're already 18 00:00:51.039 --> 00:00:52.979 A:middle L:90% on it, just check that you're already on it 19 00:00:52.990 --> 00:00:55.899 A:middle L:90% . Um and we'll be passing that around as well 20 00:00:55.909 --> 00:00:57.679 A:middle L:90% . It will be in the back, but it 21 00:00:57.679 --> 00:00:59.359 A:middle L:90% will also come around so please do fill that up 22 00:00:59.939 --> 00:01:02.259 A:middle L:90% . Yeah, If you're on the list of what 23 00:01:02.259 --> 00:01:06.359 A:middle L:90% you get is announcements of our monthly events. We 24 00:01:06.359 --> 00:01:08.859 A:middle L:90% don't send other things out unless it's specifically the intersection 25 00:01:08.859 --> 00:01:11.159 A:middle L:90% of gender, international and development. People. Tell 26 00:01:11.159 --> 00:01:15.180 A:middle L:90% me several times, they said the international doesn't go 27 00:01:15.180 --> 00:01:17.790 A:middle L:90% out. Gender domestic doesn't go out. Okay, 28 00:01:17.790 --> 00:01:19.340 A:middle L:90% so you won't get spammed. Okay, so if 29 00:01:19.340 --> 00:01:22.439 A:middle L:90% you want to know about these discussions, please go 30 00:01:22.439 --> 00:01:26.969 A:middle L:90% ahead and sign up. Uh, so I wanted 31 00:01:26.969 --> 00:01:30.540 A:middle L:90% to say, we have a unexpected speaker next week 32 00:01:30.549 --> 00:01:33.469 A:middle L:90% . We have a person from Syria who was invited 33 00:01:33.480 --> 00:01:36.519 A:middle L:90% to come to Virginia Tech and she will be speaking 34 00:01:36.519 --> 00:01:38.859 A:middle L:90% on the state of women in Syria, Past, 35 00:01:38.859 --> 00:01:41.540 A:middle L:90% present and Future. So that's not part of our 36 00:01:41.549 --> 00:01:42.950 A:middle L:90% monthly once a month discussion. But she will be 37 00:01:42.950 --> 00:01:47.700 A:middle L:90% speaking next thursday at org. It's just across the 38 00:01:47.709 --> 00:01:49.719 A:middle L:90% prices for is on the corner has Big international on 39 00:01:49.719 --> 00:01:53.150 A:middle L:90% the front is where the study abroad? Have you 40 00:01:53.150 --> 00:01:53.750 A:middle L:90% going to study abroad stuff? That's where that is 41 00:01:55.640 --> 00:01:57.819 A:middle L:90% . It's on our website and I'm not going to 42 00:01:57.819 --> 00:02:01.640 A:middle L:90% report on sex. Okay, so her name is 43 00:02:01.670 --> 00:02:05.859 A:middle L:90% China Alibaba. All right then. The next regular 44 00:02:05.859 --> 00:02:09.139 A:middle L:90% presenter is a colleague of mine from Guatemala, whose 45 00:02:09.150 --> 00:02:14.229 A:middle L:90% international conservation expert he will present on April 20 and 46 00:02:14.240 --> 00:02:17.120 A:middle L:90% this talk will be called biodiversity, conservation, project 47 00:02:17.120 --> 00:02:21.379 A:middle L:90% planning and gender experiences from the field. Alright, 48 00:02:21.389 --> 00:02:23.120 A:middle L:90% this presentation will last about 40 minutes and we'll have 49 00:02:23.129 --> 00:02:27.020 A:middle L:90% 10 minutes for question and answer discussion. And then 50 00:02:27.020 --> 00:02:28.949 A:middle L:90% we also have the room a little bit longer so 51 00:02:28.949 --> 00:02:30.800 A:middle L:90% people want to come up and speak with Dr Simon 52 00:02:30.800 --> 00:02:32.139 A:middle L:90% can still do that. So let me give you 53 00:02:32.139 --> 00:02:35.349 A:middle L:90% a brief introduction to doctors. First of all, 54 00:02:35.349 --> 00:02:38.069 A:middle L:90% he's our first international speaker. He traveled many, 55 00:02:38.069 --> 00:02:42.000 A:middle L:90% many miles long flies to come from West Africa via 56 00:02:42.000 --> 00:02:44.610 A:middle L:90% means of Portugal. Then he goes back to Uganda 57 00:02:44.610 --> 00:02:46.610 A:middle L:90% . So we're keeping him out for like a month 58 00:02:46.620 --> 00:02:49.129 A:middle L:90% . So doctor about americans who was born and raised 59 00:02:49.129 --> 00:02:52.699 A:middle L:90% in a farming family in uh danno in the southwest 60 00:02:52.699 --> 00:02:54.680 A:middle L:90% region of Burkina Faso in West Africa. He currently 61 00:02:54.680 --> 00:02:59.629 A:middle L:90% works as an independent research consultant based in Burkina Faso 62 00:02:59.639 --> 00:03:04.650 A:middle L:90% . After having worked with several international development organizations including 63 00:03:04.659 --> 00:03:07.189 A:middle L:90% the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation where he worked in 64 00:03:07.189 --> 00:03:09.860 A:middle L:90% the Access and Market Systems team of the Agricultural Development 65 00:03:09.870 --> 00:03:15.210 A:middle L:90% Program on gender and socio cultural issues. He also 66 00:03:15.210 --> 00:03:19.060 A:middle L:90% worked as a senior gender senior regional gender adviser at 67 00:03:19.069 --> 00:03:21.990 A:middle L:90% the UN's World Food Program for the West and Central 68 00:03:21.990 --> 00:03:23.849 A:middle L:90% Africa region. Prior to this position, he was 69 00:03:23.860 --> 00:03:28.259 A:middle L:90% the gender adviser for the World Food Programme in Rome 70 00:03:28.939 --> 00:03:31.750 A:middle L:90% . His most recent assignments include the exploration of the 71 00:03:31.750 --> 00:03:35.860 A:middle L:90% economic impact and women's roles in the poultry, smallholder 72 00:03:35.860 --> 00:03:38.539 A:middle L:90% poultry raising and nutrition in Burkina Faso, drafting a 73 00:03:38.539 --> 00:03:43.210 A:middle L:90% gender strategy for the World Food Programme's Western Central Africa 74 00:03:43.210 --> 00:03:46.210 A:middle L:90% region and assessing local governance and adaptation to climate change 75 00:03:46.219 --> 00:03:50.729 A:middle L:90% among pastoralists in Southeast Burkina Faso. So here's dr 76 00:03:50.729 --> 00:03:53.250 A:middle L:90% Sanjay. Please welcome him and thank you. Okay 77 00:03:57.340 --> 00:04:00.990 A:middle L:90% , thank you. It is always very difficult for 78 00:04:00.990 --> 00:04:04.479 A:middle L:90% me to. This is the presentation. Okay, 79 00:04:04.490 --> 00:04:10.020 A:middle L:90% so I'm glad I'm here and I'm glad you can 80 00:04:10.020 --> 00:04:13.439 A:middle L:90% see me because those don't see me when they receive 81 00:04:13.439 --> 00:04:15.279 A:middle L:90% and give me the thing I'm a woman. Yeah 82 00:04:15.290 --> 00:04:18.790 A:middle L:90% . When you know about America and I received Midway 83 00:04:18.790 --> 00:04:23.779 A:middle L:90% the study, jeremy sees Catamarca because the thing is 84 00:04:23.779 --> 00:04:27.490 A:middle L:90% remember should be dealing with general issues, so I 85 00:04:27.500 --> 00:04:31.329 A:middle L:90% always like it and achieve those people. Okay, 86 00:04:31.339 --> 00:04:40.660 A:middle L:90% so today we'll talk about deconstructing the whole notion of 87 00:04:40.660 --> 00:04:46.529 A:middle L:90% agenda in order to how to make inclusive and equitable 88 00:04:46.529 --> 00:04:50.389 A:middle L:90% development and this. I draw a draw the from 89 00:04:50.389 --> 00:04:56.259 A:middle L:90% my experience working in international development and based in africa 90 00:04:57.240 --> 00:05:00.170 A:middle L:90% . What I'll do first will be to give my 91 00:05:00.170 --> 00:05:04.870 A:middle L:90% impressions on what are called the state of gender or 92 00:05:04.879 --> 00:05:09.160 A:middle L:90% in the field of development. Then what I call 93 00:05:09.170 --> 00:05:13.160 A:middle L:90% looking behind the defense of gender to understand better and 94 00:05:13.170 --> 00:05:16.069 A:middle L:90% also interrogate on the reason why we should we should 95 00:05:16.079 --> 00:05:25.300 A:middle L:90% bother about gender before suggesting some paths or pathways two 96 00:05:25.310 --> 00:05:29.769 A:middle L:90% Including gender equitably. And again this is drawn from 97 00:05:29.769 --> 00:05:31.339 A:middle L:90% the experience that we have in the field and then 98 00:05:31.339 --> 00:05:35.120 A:middle L:90% we'll use the example to support on this. So 99 00:05:35.129 --> 00:05:38.350 A:middle L:90% I was very happy to see this court that were 100 00:05:38.360 --> 00:05:42.509 A:middle L:90% from the U. N. The gender and development 101 00:05:42.519 --> 00:05:47.040 A:middle L:90% approach Signals three departures from women in development. First 102 00:05:47.170 --> 00:05:50.110 A:middle L:90% , the focus shifts from women to gender and the 103 00:05:50.120 --> 00:05:55.660 A:middle L:90% unequal power relations between women and men. 2nd, 104 00:05:55.709 --> 00:06:00.339 A:middle L:90% all social, political and economic structures and development are 105 00:06:00.339 --> 00:06:04.269 A:middle L:90% re examined from the perspective of gender differentials. And 106 00:06:04.279 --> 00:06:10.589 A:middle L:90% third it is recognized that achieving gender equality requires transformative 107 00:06:10.600 --> 00:06:15.120 A:middle L:90% change. This was drawn from the UN World survey 108 00:06:15.129 --> 00:06:20.560 A:middle L:90% on women In 1999 but it's also current. It 109 00:06:20.560 --> 00:06:27.389 A:middle L:90% sounds of topical today. So in the development world 110 00:06:27.389 --> 00:06:32.500 A:middle L:90% and development field, everybody talks about integrating gender and 111 00:06:32.509 --> 00:06:35.850 A:middle L:90% everybody talks about doing it. Everybody does it. 112 00:06:36.639 --> 00:06:42.050 A:middle L:90% But the results are not always what they spent. 113 00:06:42.439 --> 00:06:46.600 A:middle L:90% They often get mitigated results. And one question that 114 00:06:46.610 --> 00:06:51.649 A:middle L:90% I wanted to ask is why that. And what 115 00:06:51.660 --> 00:06:55.649 A:middle L:90% I observed in the field was that there is a 116 00:06:56.040 --> 00:06:59.250 A:middle L:90% lack of coherence in the understanding of what we mean 117 00:06:59.250 --> 00:07:01.860 A:middle L:90% by gender. And like as I like saying sometimes 118 00:07:01.860 --> 00:07:04.939 A:middle L:90% when we talk about gender, even without doing an 119 00:07:04.939 --> 00:07:11.319 A:middle L:90% analysis, we start counting remain and we could stand 120 00:07:11.329 --> 00:07:15.620 A:middle L:90% spending time counting the man and even miss the substance 121 00:07:15.629 --> 00:07:18.899 A:middle L:90% that those men that were counting get into the program 122 00:07:18.899 --> 00:07:25.060 A:middle L:90% that they're involved. So we also noticed that stuff 123 00:07:25.439 --> 00:07:29.360 A:middle L:90% at the field level are not always qualified. And 124 00:07:29.360 --> 00:07:31.339 A:middle L:90% most of the time it's gonna be funny. What 125 00:07:31.339 --> 00:07:35.060 A:middle L:90% I see is that the focal the jennifer people are 126 00:07:35.540 --> 00:07:39.560 A:middle L:90% most of the time the youngest women in the team 127 00:07:40.139 --> 00:07:44.439 A:middle L:90% that that it points at the identified person without prior 128 00:07:44.449 --> 00:07:46.980 A:middle L:90% training of prior guidance. They just take care of 129 00:07:46.980 --> 00:07:51.019 A:middle L:90% it. And you know, somebody Bostick says because 130 00:07:51.180 --> 00:07:59.730 A:middle L:90% probably the donor has requested that. So the gender 131 00:07:59.730 --> 00:08:03.939 A:middle L:90% analysis, as uh we noticed is not always carried 132 00:08:03.939 --> 00:08:07.740 A:middle L:90% off and some issues about gender are assumed they are 133 00:08:07.740 --> 00:08:11.040 A:middle L:90% not, you know, the other found out based 134 00:08:11.040 --> 00:08:18.459 A:middle L:90% on clear analysis. So what we decide to suggest 135 00:08:18.839 --> 00:08:22.579 A:middle L:90% is that we try to understand, I mean to 136 00:08:22.589 --> 00:08:26.410 A:middle L:90% break down the hole notion of gender and look behind 137 00:08:26.410 --> 00:08:31.459 A:middle L:90% the face of gender, what we mean by doing 138 00:08:31.839 --> 00:08:35.690 A:middle L:90% so what I have here, I probably asked real 139 00:08:35.690 --> 00:08:39.690 A:middle L:90% lisa and two other people in the room not to 140 00:08:39.700 --> 00:08:43.200 A:middle L:90% participate in this little crazy test. How many people 141 00:08:43.200 --> 00:08:45.330 A:middle L:90% do you have? Do you see on this uh 142 00:08:45.340 --> 00:08:48.460 A:middle L:90% behind the fence here? What you see? What 143 00:08:48.840 --> 00:08:54.269 A:middle L:90% one person good now why don't we go behind the 144 00:08:54.269 --> 00:09:03.029 A:middle L:90% fence and look closely? Mhm. So it wasn't 145 00:09:03.029 --> 00:09:05.669 A:middle L:90% one person. There were one of the more than 146 00:09:05.669 --> 00:09:07.070 A:middle L:90% one person. However, we could only see the 147 00:09:07.080 --> 00:09:13.250 A:middle L:90% tallest person. Okay. So what this means is 148 00:09:13.250 --> 00:09:18.529 A:middle L:90% that the top person and the less tall ones have 149 00:09:18.539 --> 00:09:22.690 A:middle L:90% different realities. They have different realities, different capabilities 150 00:09:22.690 --> 00:09:28.580 A:middle L:90% and capacities and probably different needs and priorities. Now 151 00:09:28.679 --> 00:09:31.440 A:middle L:90% if you don't analyze to know that it's not just 152 00:09:31.440 --> 00:09:35.070 A:middle L:90% one person and if you have to devote resources, 153 00:09:35.070 --> 00:09:37.960 A:middle L:90% what do you do? The resource or the amount 154 00:09:37.960 --> 00:09:39.559 A:middle L:90% of resources we devote will be for one person instead 155 00:09:39.559 --> 00:09:43.320 A:middle L:90% of those that you don't see automatically. That's one 156 00:09:43.320 --> 00:09:48.259 A:middle L:90% of the reason why gender analysis is very important because 157 00:09:48.740 --> 00:09:52.720 A:middle L:90% from what we see in this uh behind the defense 158 00:09:52.720 --> 00:09:56.610 A:middle L:90% here, we see that tall person and somebody who 159 00:09:56.620 --> 00:09:58.090 A:middle L:90% looks a little bit like a disabled person, somebody 160 00:09:58.090 --> 00:10:03.700 A:middle L:90% who's kenya, a woman or a child, a 161 00:10:03.710 --> 00:10:07.019 A:middle L:90% man. So the different needs are different. Although 162 00:10:07.019 --> 00:10:11.559 A:middle L:90% there is a community somewhere congregating somewhere converting somewhere, 163 00:10:11.240 --> 00:10:16.149 A:middle L:90% but depending on these positions, access to resource is 164 00:10:16.149 --> 00:10:20.440 A:middle L:90% not the same or control to resource is not the 165 00:10:20.440 --> 00:10:24.450 A:middle L:90% same. That's why we need a clear analysis of 166 00:10:24.340 --> 00:10:30.289 A:middle L:90% gender. So the gender approach is needed and when 167 00:10:30.299 --> 00:10:33.250 A:middle L:90% uh, you know, it's not just about equality 168 00:10:33.840 --> 00:10:37.759 A:middle L:90% because if we put the resources at the same level 169 00:10:37.139 --> 00:10:39.159 A:middle L:90% to those three people in the first line, I 170 00:10:39.159 --> 00:10:43.620 A:middle L:90% mean the previous uh slide, I'm not sure that 171 00:10:43.620 --> 00:10:48.000 A:middle L:90% we could have still seen the shortest people. So 172 00:10:48.009 --> 00:10:52.990 A:middle L:90% you intervene based on the knees in order to allow 173 00:10:52.000 --> 00:10:54.649 A:middle L:90% most people, all of them to have, you 174 00:10:54.649 --> 00:11:01.570 A:middle L:90% know, uh relatively equitable access. So when you 175 00:11:01.570 --> 00:11:03.710 A:middle L:90% do that, when we do such an analysis, 176 00:11:03.720 --> 00:11:07.879 A:middle L:90% what we gain, either we capture a category of 177 00:11:07.879 --> 00:11:11.700 A:middle L:90% the context, a good idea of the context which 178 00:11:11.710 --> 00:11:15.980 A:middle L:90% allows us to take into consideration the vulnerabilities or the 179 00:11:15.990 --> 00:11:18.990 A:middle L:90% very vulnerabilities and inequities that exist. And then it 180 00:11:20.000 --> 00:11:26.220 A:middle L:90% allows a more equitable and meaningful impact at the end 181 00:11:26.220 --> 00:11:30.200 A:middle L:90% of the day. So all in all this results 182 00:11:30.210 --> 00:11:33.750 A:middle L:90% in also better reporting. Because sometimes because of the 183 00:11:33.759 --> 00:11:41.210 A:middle L:90% lack of analysis prior to starting the project, we 184 00:11:41.220 --> 00:11:45.919 A:middle L:90% end up achieving results that may not have been foreseen 185 00:11:45.929 --> 00:11:48.899 A:middle L:90% in the indicators at the beginning and then for if 186 00:11:48.909 --> 00:11:52.950 A:middle L:90% it is and it's a beautiful comes that person will 187 00:11:52.960 --> 00:11:56.909 A:middle L:90% talk about unexpected results. Yeah, they were they 188 00:11:56.919 --> 00:12:01.919 A:middle L:90% were accidental. Although those are issues might have been 189 00:12:01.919 --> 00:12:05.360 A:middle L:90% relevant design level, but we're not technically consideration. 190 00:12:07.440 --> 00:12:11.690 A:middle L:90% So it's clear that with all this we shouldn't even 191 00:12:11.700 --> 00:12:13.720 A:middle L:90% we don't even need to ask the question why bother 192 00:12:13.720 --> 00:12:16.899 A:middle L:90% about gender because it's clear that we need to take 193 00:12:16.899 --> 00:12:18.879 A:middle L:90% care of gender because a large number of actors are 194 00:12:18.889 --> 00:12:28.220 A:middle L:90% invisible without the analysis and unconsciously unconsciously. For example 195 00:12:28.220 --> 00:12:30.519 A:middle L:90% if we talk about agriculture where I most of my 196 00:12:30.519 --> 00:12:35.309 A:middle L:90% work is focused when people talk about agriculture, they 197 00:12:35.309 --> 00:12:41.009 A:middle L:90% tend to forget about women except when they want to 198 00:12:41.019 --> 00:12:43.600 A:middle L:90% think about labor. So it looks like the women 199 00:12:43.610 --> 00:12:48.629 A:middle L:90% are the the labor providers and I went to a 200 00:12:48.629 --> 00:12:54.269 A:middle L:90% field somewhere where after the the filled the impression I 201 00:12:54.279 --> 00:12:56.990 A:middle L:90% had and the confirmation through interviews and interacting with people 202 00:12:56.990 --> 00:13:01.460 A:middle L:90% in the field was that women farm but they are 203 00:13:01.460 --> 00:13:05.139 A:middle L:90% not farmers. So men were the farmers but women 204 00:13:05.139 --> 00:13:07.600 A:middle L:90% were like you know they contribute to help for the 205 00:13:07.610 --> 00:13:15.769 A:middle L:90% farming activities. So if you have this uh unconscious 206 00:13:15.789 --> 00:13:20.639 A:middle L:90% perception it results negatively somewhere because we know the role 207 00:13:20.649 --> 00:13:24.169 A:middle L:90% , the important role that women play, especially us 208 00:13:24.179 --> 00:13:26.960 A:middle L:90% in some household that may be led by women. 209 00:13:26.740 --> 00:13:31.710 A:middle L:90% And when a woman leaves a household, it means 210 00:13:31.710 --> 00:13:37.009 A:middle L:90% that the challenges she has two get results may not 211 00:13:37.009 --> 00:13:39.340 A:middle L:90% necessarily be the same as those of men. And 212 00:13:39.350 --> 00:13:41.860 A:middle L:90% it's good to have a clear idea about all this 213 00:13:41.870 --> 00:13:45.529 A:middle L:90% . And of course there can be uh this can 214 00:13:45.539 --> 00:13:48.850 A:middle L:90% influence negatively on the performance of agricultural agent. For 215 00:13:48.850 --> 00:13:50.370 A:middle L:90% example, if we are not, we don't have 216 00:13:50.370 --> 00:13:54.720 A:middle L:90% a clear idea. And it's not surprising most of 217 00:13:54.720 --> 00:13:58.200 A:middle L:90% the time to go to meetings where you see that 218 00:13:58.200 --> 00:14:01.629 A:middle L:90% they invited the man and they forget about the women 219 00:14:01.899 --> 00:14:05.490 A:middle L:90% . It's not and it's interesting. It's in all 220 00:14:05.490 --> 00:14:09.649 A:middle L:90% good faith that the women were forgotten on the assumption 221 00:14:09.649 --> 00:14:11.620 A:middle L:90% that when the men go home, they would tell 222 00:14:11.620 --> 00:14:15.440 A:middle L:90% them. However, if we're talking about extension, 223 00:14:15.450 --> 00:14:18.320 A:middle L:90% uh, or techniques, agricultural techniques or application of 224 00:14:18.320 --> 00:14:22.929 A:middle L:90% those techniques, it is always better to have a 225 00:14:22.940 --> 00:14:26.679 A:middle L:90% first hand communication. Not a second hand, especially 226 00:14:26.679 --> 00:14:30.679 A:middle L:90% as we know that from observation that most of the 227 00:14:30.679 --> 00:14:33.960 A:middle L:90% time in the farm, women apply more hugely the 228 00:14:33.340 --> 00:14:41.259 A:middle L:90% the rules of the guidance. So I said that 229 00:14:41.940 --> 00:14:43.940 A:middle L:90% it's not just about counting. Women are talking about 230 00:14:43.940 --> 00:14:46.889 A:middle L:90% women when we talk about gender. I said it 231 00:14:46.889 --> 00:14:50.090 A:middle L:90% and repeated, uh, generally larger than this. 232 00:14:50.440 --> 00:14:58.149 A:middle L:90% There are other markers either of identity and age and 233 00:14:58.240 --> 00:15:05.950 A:middle L:90% uh, what their social socioeconomic status now. White 234 00:15:05.539 --> 00:15:07.720 A:middle L:90% . Do I focus mostly on women or why do 235 00:15:07.720 --> 00:15:11.850 A:middle L:90% we usually focus on women? I want to make 236 00:15:11.850 --> 00:15:15.919 A:middle L:90% it clear that I'm not making a contradiction. I 237 00:15:15.919 --> 00:15:18.860 A:middle L:90% say that generally is not just women. However, 238 00:15:18.639 --> 00:15:26.370 A:middle L:90% the reality is that historically more inequities have been applied 239 00:15:26.370 --> 00:15:28.049 A:middle L:90% on women, which makes it that they are not 240 00:15:28.059 --> 00:15:35.129 A:middle L:90% just historical but perpetrated even now. So that women 241 00:15:35.139 --> 00:15:37.289 A:middle L:90% most of the time, especially in the agricultural domain 242 00:15:37.289 --> 00:15:39.529 A:middle L:90% and many other domains, they tend to be at 243 00:15:39.529 --> 00:15:43.350 A:middle L:90% the lower level of the equity scale. Now, 244 00:15:43.539 --> 00:15:46.620 A:middle L:90% what is important is that or the reason why I 245 00:15:46.620 --> 00:15:52.580 A:middle L:90% insist here either don't just assume. We cannot just 246 00:15:52.580 --> 00:15:56.840 A:middle L:90% assume that if you know the the imbalance is against 247 00:15:56.840 --> 00:16:00.639 A:middle L:90% women naturally. If this is the reality. However 248 00:16:00.649 --> 00:16:02.700 A:middle L:90% , if you if you do an analysis you will 249 00:16:02.710 --> 00:16:04.850 A:middle L:90% understand better why they, you know, the subtleties 250 00:16:04.850 --> 00:16:10.159 A:middle L:90% that are underpinning these investments and uh this helps a 251 00:16:10.159 --> 00:16:18.230 A:middle L:90% lot in project implementation. So based on my little 252 00:16:18.230 --> 00:16:23.820 A:middle L:90% experience, I have felt of sharing uh some steps 253 00:16:23.970 --> 00:16:27.950 A:middle L:90% or some approaches that we use to integrating gender in 254 00:16:29.440 --> 00:16:30.299 A:middle L:90% the program we've done and you know, I work 255 00:16:30.299 --> 00:16:33.750 A:middle L:90% in development as well as monetary in. Thank you 256 00:16:34.539 --> 00:16:40.720 A:middle L:90% . So from concept note to life improved here is 257 00:16:40.730 --> 00:16:45.269 A:middle L:90% uh we see a photo of women with rice and 258 00:16:45.639 --> 00:16:49.649 A:middle L:90% a little notebook somewhere. Don't pass somewhere. This 259 00:16:51.840 --> 00:16:56.259 A:middle L:90% hide, you know, the the arrow here hides 260 00:16:56.360 --> 00:16:59.149 A:middle L:90% a lot of the site of the other aspect of 261 00:16:59.149 --> 00:17:02.279 A:middle L:90% the cycle of the project. We see the beginning 262 00:17:02.289 --> 00:17:03.190 A:middle L:90% , which is the note pad and the end with 263 00:17:03.200 --> 00:17:07.460 A:middle L:90% the people, the women with the rice. So 264 00:17:07.940 --> 00:17:11.059 A:middle L:90% if you're thinking of designing the program or a project 265 00:17:11.539 --> 00:17:18.180 A:middle L:90% to improve food production, to improve food security or 266 00:17:18.190 --> 00:17:22.880 A:middle L:90% to improve agricultural incomes, you have to think of 267 00:17:22.890 --> 00:17:27.480 A:middle L:90% how you can integrate everybody from the beginning and thinking 268 00:17:27.480 --> 00:17:30.980 A:middle L:90% about this allows you or forces you to also think 269 00:17:30.980 --> 00:17:34.380 A:middle L:90% about the roadblocks the challenges that may not help you 270 00:17:34.390 --> 00:17:37.910 A:middle L:90% to get there. And if you think about those 271 00:17:37.910 --> 00:17:41.589 A:middle L:90% challenges and you start acting on them, you will 272 00:17:41.599 --> 00:17:47.130 A:middle L:90% help you not only to have a better results, 273 00:17:47.130 --> 00:17:48.400 A:middle L:90% I would say. And also in the design of 274 00:17:48.400 --> 00:17:53.500 A:middle L:90% the indicators you have more realistic indicators rather than developing 275 00:17:53.500 --> 00:17:57.289 A:middle L:90% indicators just to please the donner. This is some 276 00:17:57.289 --> 00:18:00.460 A:middle L:90% problem too because most of the time the donors have 277 00:18:00.839 --> 00:18:04.910 A:middle L:90% requirement and you have you know the grantees want to 278 00:18:04.920 --> 00:18:08.069 A:middle L:90% satisfy the requirement and there is a fool and push 279 00:18:08.069 --> 00:18:11.700 A:middle L:90% somewhere and at the end of the the dollar doesn't 280 00:18:11.700 --> 00:18:17.450 A:middle L:90% feel that happy because the gravity did not was not 281 00:18:17.450 --> 00:18:21.000 A:middle L:90% that bold to say that this has been the reality 282 00:18:21.009 --> 00:18:22.880 A:middle L:90% of the country at the beginning. So yes, 283 00:18:22.890 --> 00:18:30.019 A:middle L:90% from design to implementation implementation monitoring evaluation, we have 284 00:18:30.019 --> 00:18:34.319 A:middle L:90% to be very careful, especially when it's a big 285 00:18:34.329 --> 00:18:40.829 A:middle L:90% grant and the evaluation is external. So what I 286 00:18:40.829 --> 00:18:45.710 A:middle L:90% think is that we can define dimension of empowerment and 287 00:18:45.710 --> 00:18:48.450 A:middle L:90% of course the US that have done a great job 288 00:18:48.460 --> 00:18:52.420 A:middle L:90% about uh dimension of uh women and employment agriculture, 289 00:18:52.430 --> 00:18:56.000 A:middle L:90% even if I think that the indicators there are huge 290 00:18:56.009 --> 00:19:00.309 A:middle L:90% and that if you want to apply some to apply 291 00:19:00.309 --> 00:19:03.599 A:middle L:90% them is not always realistic to all of them. 292 00:19:03.609 --> 00:19:06.180 A:middle L:90% You can pick some of them and apply otherwise. 293 00:19:06.190 --> 00:19:08.700 A:middle L:90% It's not it's not realistic, especially as farmers have 294 00:19:08.700 --> 00:19:12.099 A:middle L:90% the construct of time and project people also have the 295 00:19:12.099 --> 00:19:17.069 A:middle L:90% consent of stuff and time and resources. Yeah, 296 00:19:17.079 --> 00:19:19.960 A:middle L:90% and again, I think being uh honest and bold 297 00:19:19.970 --> 00:19:22.819 A:middle L:90% and stating the reason why you're making such or such 298 00:19:22.819 --> 00:19:26.269 A:middle L:90% a choice is always better. Probably, you know 299 00:19:26.279 --> 00:19:30.980 A:middle L:90% , it also shows personality and I'm saying this also 300 00:19:30.990 --> 00:19:32.880 A:middle L:90% as a person, as a person has, you 301 00:19:32.880 --> 00:19:36.400 A:middle L:90% know, who was sitting in some rooms and board 302 00:19:36.410 --> 00:19:41.880 A:middle L:90% and making grants. Yeah. So you can think 303 00:19:41.880 --> 00:19:47.519 A:middle L:90% of three dimensions and one is the social empowerment and 304 00:19:47.519 --> 00:19:51.769 A:middle L:90% in this, depending on the challenges are the issue 305 00:19:51.769 --> 00:19:55.049 A:middle L:90% that the assessment help you to understand. You could 306 00:19:55.049 --> 00:19:56.559 A:middle L:90% choose and put whatever aspect you think. But one 307 00:19:56.559 --> 00:20:02.460 A:middle L:90% thing is uh the development of self confidence most of 308 00:20:02.460 --> 00:20:06.420 A:middle L:90% the time, because in at least in the area 309 00:20:06.420 --> 00:20:10.589 A:middle L:90% where I interviewed a lot, but the public, 310 00:20:10.640 --> 00:20:12.319 A:middle L:90% I mean, women do not usually intervene a lot 311 00:20:12.329 --> 00:20:15.799 A:middle L:90% in public. So if you want to we can 312 00:20:15.799 --> 00:20:17.079 A:middle L:90% push this. I mean, it's not, you 313 00:20:17.079 --> 00:20:18.420 A:middle L:90% know, it's not just cultured people like saying that 314 00:20:18.430 --> 00:20:19.690 A:middle L:90% the culture that is like that, it's not the 315 00:20:19.690 --> 00:20:22.990 A:middle L:90% culture, it's the lack of habit. So if 316 00:20:22.990 --> 00:20:26.069 A:middle L:90% we push a little bit without forcing and respecting of 317 00:20:26.069 --> 00:20:30.410 A:middle L:90% course the cultural realities they could, you know, 318 00:20:30.410 --> 00:20:33.259 A:middle L:90% we could empower them with some leadership skills and self 319 00:20:33.259 --> 00:20:37.539 A:middle L:90% confidence that will help. We could also focus on 320 00:20:37.539 --> 00:20:41.960 A:middle L:90% the economic dimension of empowerment to see how we can 321 00:20:41.970 --> 00:20:45.849 A:middle L:90% access uh markets. And for example, when I 322 00:20:45.849 --> 00:20:48.089 A:middle L:90% was at the World Food Programme, one of the 323 00:20:48.099 --> 00:20:51.190 A:middle L:90% efforts of the program, if we're working was to 324 00:20:51.190 --> 00:20:53.640 A:middle L:90% connect farmers with buyers, including World Food Program, 325 00:20:53.640 --> 00:20:56.819 A:middle L:90% that is a huge buyer. So farmer groups were 326 00:20:56.819 --> 00:21:03.309 A:middle L:90% , you know, the contract uh says with WSB 327 00:21:03.319 --> 00:21:07.059 A:middle L:90% or through other, you know, at some providers 328 00:21:07.839 --> 00:21:10.079 A:middle L:90% , another one could be capacity building. We we 329 00:21:10.079 --> 00:21:12.460 A:middle L:90% know that most of the best way we work there 330 00:21:12.460 --> 00:21:15.390 A:middle L:90% is a problem of capacity. And I were talking 331 00:21:15.390 --> 00:21:21.019 A:middle L:90% about the dude little to lack of qualification of gender 332 00:21:21.019 --> 00:21:23.819 A:middle L:90% focal people. I remember I went to the DRC 333 00:21:23.819 --> 00:21:27.819 A:middle L:90% in GoMA and I saw this young woman who was 334 00:21:27.829 --> 00:21:30.940 A:middle L:90% the gender focal person. She had no clue of 335 00:21:30.940 --> 00:21:33.500 A:middle L:90% what she should do, but she was supposed to 336 00:21:33.500 --> 00:21:37.160 A:middle L:90% report to her boss, they just told her you 337 00:21:37.160 --> 00:21:41.000 A:middle L:90% are the, you are the jennifer person. So 338 00:21:41.009 --> 00:21:42.109 A:middle L:90% when you get there, she doesn't know what to 339 00:21:42.109 --> 00:21:45.089 A:middle L:90% say. She is a little bit embarrassed because she 340 00:21:45.089 --> 00:21:48.009 A:middle L:90% wasn't equipped with the minimum tools to do the work 341 00:21:48.019 --> 00:21:52.009 A:middle L:90% for which he was supported. And by the way 342 00:21:52.009 --> 00:21:53.880 A:middle L:90% , it's never a full time job. It's another 343 00:21:53.890 --> 00:21:56.880 A:middle L:90% , it's an addition to whatever you were doing. 344 00:21:56.930 --> 00:22:03.380 A:middle L:90% Yeah. So you see this these different dimension, 345 00:22:03.380 --> 00:22:04.420 A:middle L:90% architect connected. They are not, you know, 346 00:22:04.420 --> 00:22:07.640 A:middle L:90% they don't stay by themselves. So if you act 347 00:22:07.650 --> 00:22:11.430 A:middle L:90% on the social aspect, it could influence the economic 348 00:22:11.430 --> 00:22:15.000 A:middle L:90% aspect that at the same time, I mean it's 349 00:22:15.009 --> 00:22:18.329 A:middle L:90% , you can Sprinkle and the capacity is the capacity 350 00:22:18.329 --> 00:22:22.019 A:middle L:90% is such as in business training, they could use 351 00:22:22.019 --> 00:22:25.789 A:middle L:90% some of the crops or they could use that training 352 00:22:25.789 --> 00:22:30.160 A:middle L:90% or that those skills to improve their economic generational activities 353 00:22:30.640 --> 00:22:36.460 A:middle L:90% . I mean uh intergenerational activities and here we are 354 00:22:37.339 --> 00:22:41.460 A:middle L:90% the alco here towards the improvement of women's situation which 355 00:22:41.460 --> 00:22:47.660 A:middle L:90% can result in empowerment. So I am using this 356 00:22:48.339 --> 00:22:52.500 A:middle L:90% uh diagram to just, it's not something that happened 357 00:22:52.509 --> 00:22:55.880 A:middle L:90% . But I got this from a conversation last last 358 00:22:55.880 --> 00:22:57.269 A:middle L:90% week during a meeting where we had in Portugal, 359 00:22:59.940 --> 00:23:06.099 A:middle L:90% we were talking about a researcher who did a group 360 00:23:06.099 --> 00:23:08.519 A:middle L:90% of researchers who created a full kit, uh solid 361 00:23:08.519 --> 00:23:14.960 A:middle L:90% quality death kit or toolkit. And we were very 362 00:23:14.960 --> 00:23:18.750 A:middle L:90% excited about it, especially from Saharan countries like ourselves 363 00:23:18.750 --> 00:23:22.369 A:middle L:90% were destroyed so poor. He thought it would be 364 00:23:22.380 --> 00:23:25.579 A:middle L:90% really good tool to test the sort and guided farmers 365 00:23:25.579 --> 00:23:29.619 A:middle L:90% to use it and improve their production. Now somebody 366 00:23:29.619 --> 00:23:32.900 A:middle L:90% in the room asked the there is one of the 367 00:23:32.900 --> 00:23:37.809 A:middle L:90% researcher so what is the state of adoption of the 368 00:23:37.809 --> 00:23:45.809 A:middle L:90% tool case? And he took a brief moment and 369 00:23:45.809 --> 00:23:49.619 A:middle L:90% said actually we didn't think about, okay. Which 370 00:23:49.619 --> 00:23:52.460 A:middle L:90% I like, okay. Not that I don't I 371 00:23:52.470 --> 00:23:55.420 A:middle L:90% don't like the father didn't think about it, but 372 00:23:55.430 --> 00:23:59.150 A:middle L:90% you will see here like that. However, and 373 00:23:59.150 --> 00:24:02.500 A:middle L:90% by the way we were talking about social issues and 374 00:24:02.509 --> 00:24:07.259 A:middle L:90% the whole work that is being done. So in 375 00:24:07.259 --> 00:24:08.230 A:middle L:90% the room many people were saying, oh no we 376 00:24:08.230 --> 00:24:12.559 A:middle L:90% don't have skills in social science and I said you 377 00:24:12.559 --> 00:24:15.619 A:middle L:90% don't need to be trained to help the skill before 378 00:24:15.619 --> 00:24:18.410 A:middle L:90% you do those things anything you do anything you do 379 00:24:18.410 --> 00:24:21.380 A:middle L:90% in life at the end of the day. It 380 00:24:21.380 --> 00:24:23.859 A:middle L:90% is how does it impact society? Anything we do 381 00:24:25.240 --> 00:24:26.500 A:middle L:90% ? Anything you create, you don't created just for 382 00:24:26.500 --> 00:24:29.849 A:middle L:90% the sake of creating it. Maybe it could be 383 00:24:29.849 --> 00:24:30.730 A:middle L:90% a hobby at the beginning, But when you get 384 00:24:30.730 --> 00:24:33.019 A:middle L:90% to such a level you want, you know it 385 00:24:33.029 --> 00:24:37.170 A:middle L:90% you'll self society or the community in which you are 386 00:24:37.539 --> 00:24:41.500 A:middle L:90% . So I took this example and said that we 387 00:24:41.500 --> 00:24:45.140 A:middle L:90% could look at the gender dimension of this tool case 388 00:24:47.539 --> 00:24:51.910 A:middle L:90% and forget anything in the middle. Just see the 389 00:24:51.910 --> 00:24:55.589 A:middle L:90% salt circuit and the end at the end we see 390 00:24:55.599 --> 00:24:59.890 A:middle L:90% men and women and helpful Bennett benefit. So now 391 00:24:59.890 --> 00:25:03.869 A:middle L:90% the process in the middle, if the soil is 392 00:25:03.869 --> 00:25:07.670 A:middle L:90% used well and efficiently, it will guide farmers, 393 00:25:08.839 --> 00:25:11.849 A:middle L:90% you know, in the car six of their stores 394 00:25:11.240 --> 00:25:15.180 A:middle L:90% , which would allow to use their seats in a 395 00:25:15.180 --> 00:25:22.960 A:middle L:90% very rational manner and effective minor, which would result 396 00:25:22.839 --> 00:25:26.130 A:middle L:90% , I believe very optimistic. Richard is that in 397 00:25:26.130 --> 00:25:30.529 A:middle L:90% food, uh, increased food production and when food 398 00:25:30.529 --> 00:25:34.829 A:middle L:90% is available for the family nutrition and for household food 399 00:25:34.829 --> 00:25:40.880 A:middle L:90% consumption, it is likely that they could have a 400 00:25:40.890 --> 00:25:44.990 A:middle L:90% surplus to sell which will give them income and wants 401 00:25:44.990 --> 00:25:45.660 A:middle L:90% to have income. You can use the income to 402 00:25:45.670 --> 00:25:49.769 A:middle L:90% improve health and nutrition and even uh expand the opportunity 403 00:25:49.779 --> 00:25:55.470 A:middle L:90% or the options for household foods. And finally, 404 00:25:55.480 --> 00:26:00.349 A:middle L:90% all these results in a better situation of the household 405 00:26:00.359 --> 00:26:02.329 A:middle L:90% . I mean the men, the women, the 406 00:26:02.339 --> 00:26:03.529 A:middle L:90% Children, I mean the household. So this is 407 00:26:03.539 --> 00:26:07.440 A:middle L:90% a very quick gender analysis that I made of this 408 00:26:07.440 --> 00:26:11.539 A:middle L:90% target. I am not sure that the guy who 409 00:26:11.539 --> 00:26:12.180 A:middle L:90% said that he did not think about it. He 410 00:26:12.180 --> 00:26:17.619 A:middle L:90% wasn't there wasn't being me. He really didn't think 411 00:26:17.619 --> 00:26:18.410 A:middle L:90% about it and he's not alone. And that's why 412 00:26:18.410 --> 00:26:22.660 A:middle L:90% I say I liked the answer. And it does 413 00:26:22.660 --> 00:26:26.210 A:middle L:90% not take it. Do not take two minutes for 414 00:26:26.210 --> 00:26:29.220 A:middle L:90% me to detect this. And I'm not sure that 415 00:26:29.230 --> 00:26:32.299 A:middle L:90% the lady that I saw who was appointed would have 416 00:26:32.309 --> 00:26:36.410 A:middle L:90% done this analysis here. However, unfortunately, it 417 00:26:36.410 --> 00:26:38.069 A:middle L:90% is a fact. At least this is my impression 418 00:26:38.079 --> 00:26:41.109 A:middle L:90% in the in the field. People believe that, 419 00:26:41.119 --> 00:26:44.710 A:middle L:90% you know, it's gender. Just do it and 420 00:26:44.710 --> 00:26:47.250 A:middle L:90% count the number of women. That's it. Okay 421 00:26:47.259 --> 00:26:48.650 A:middle L:90% . They don't they don't tell me this, but 422 00:26:48.660 --> 00:26:52.990 A:middle L:90% this is just an impression. So some examples that 423 00:26:52.990 --> 00:26:59.549 A:middle L:90% I've seen in the course of her work, like 424 00:26:59.559 --> 00:27:03.329 A:middle L:90% especially at the World Food Program and get the Gates 425 00:27:03.329 --> 00:27:07.579 A:middle L:90% Foundation, we try to do gender analysis first, 426 00:27:07.589 --> 00:27:11.710 A:middle L:90% and I still believe that a bad gender analysis embedded 427 00:27:11.710 --> 00:27:15.880 A:middle L:90% in them. Yes, I think it gives you 428 00:27:15.880 --> 00:27:18.640 A:middle L:90% an idea, and the good thing is that if 429 00:27:18.640 --> 00:27:21.470 A:middle L:90% you don't understand some aspects, it forces you to 430 00:27:21.470 --> 00:27:26.910 A:middle L:90% pay attention to those aspects. And a case that 431 00:27:26.910 --> 00:27:32.220 A:middle L:90% I saw in DRC again in Congo was, you 432 00:27:32.220 --> 00:27:37.759 A:middle L:90% know, intervening to improve gender equity equality and most 433 00:27:37.759 --> 00:27:41.569 A:middle L:90% of the time because we we know or we think 434 00:27:41.569 --> 00:27:48.559 A:middle L:90% that man in this homogeneous uh uh homogeneous masculine context 435 00:27:49.339 --> 00:27:52.039 A:middle L:90% , always benefit compared to women. We assume that 436 00:27:52.049 --> 00:27:56.630 A:middle L:90% in the refugee camp the girls are more vulnerable than 437 00:27:56.640 --> 00:28:00.660 A:middle L:90% the boys in this case. UNICEF did a study 438 00:28:02.329 --> 00:28:06.119 A:middle L:90% and realize that the boys were more disempowered than the 439 00:28:06.119 --> 00:28:10.920 A:middle L:90% girls. Why? Because the boys were socialized in 440 00:28:10.920 --> 00:28:14.220 A:middle L:90% the communities in the in the families to not doing 441 00:28:14.220 --> 00:28:15.960 A:middle L:90% certain things. Not looking for, for for for 442 00:28:15.970 --> 00:28:21.130 A:middle L:90% for would not doing any activity. There were there 443 00:28:21.130 --> 00:28:23.910 A:middle L:90% were beneficiaries in the natural communities are natural habitat. 444 00:28:23.910 --> 00:28:27.180 A:middle L:90% If I could say that now with the displacement and 445 00:28:27.180 --> 00:28:32.150 A:middle L:90% the in the refugee camp, it became difficult because 446 00:28:32.160 --> 00:28:34.079 A:middle L:90% they have no skills. So they were they needed 447 00:28:34.079 --> 00:28:38.670 A:middle L:90% more support than the girls. So by four, 448 00:28:40.039 --> 00:28:44.000 A:middle L:90% an analysis, an intervention could have just gotten there 449 00:28:44.009 --> 00:28:47.079 A:middle L:90% and start intervening on the on the girls based on 450 00:28:47.079 --> 00:28:51.450 A:middle L:90% the assumption that women are disadvantaged girls more disadvantaged. 451 00:28:51.839 --> 00:28:56.190 A:middle L:90% So it's always good to have a to have an 452 00:28:56.190 --> 00:28:59.680 A:middle L:90% analysis. And again, in Senegal and South Killing 453 00:28:59.680 --> 00:29:03.750 A:middle L:90% them, we noticed that there was there was a 454 00:29:03.750 --> 00:29:07.420 A:middle L:90% community where w we were doing a an intervention to 455 00:29:07.420 --> 00:29:12.509 A:middle L:90% develop assets and developing infrastructure for rice production. And 456 00:29:12.519 --> 00:29:15.950 A:middle L:90% in the community, there were some people who belonged 457 00:29:15.960 --> 00:29:19.039 A:middle L:90% to a low caste, well, they don't call 458 00:29:19.039 --> 00:29:22.349 A:middle L:90% it cast, but it is like that. And 459 00:29:22.349 --> 00:29:27.460 A:middle L:90% those people normally could not have lands in normal circumstances 460 00:29:29.039 --> 00:29:33.309 A:middle L:90% . But during the assessment, one of the because 461 00:29:33.319 --> 00:29:37.539 A:middle L:90% the people who actually saw a person uh an adventure 462 00:29:37.549 --> 00:29:41.019 A:middle L:90% age who was doing certain things and he looked a 463 00:29:41.019 --> 00:29:44.119 A:middle L:90% little bit were to them. Because, you know 464 00:29:44.130 --> 00:29:45.680 A:middle L:90% , in most african places, when you when you 465 00:29:45.690 --> 00:29:49.160 A:middle L:90% grow your adding more status to yourself, people respect 466 00:29:49.160 --> 00:29:52.059 A:middle L:90% you more and they couldn't understand why this older guy 467 00:29:52.839 --> 00:29:56.450 A:middle L:90% would do certain things that case normally should do. 468 00:29:56.940 --> 00:29:59.640 A:middle L:90% So they asked the question and they understood. So 469 00:29:59.650 --> 00:30:02.859 A:middle L:90% what they did was to ask the the man if 470 00:30:02.859 --> 00:30:04.170 A:middle L:90% you would like to have a plot of land, 471 00:30:04.839 --> 00:30:08.539 A:middle L:90% he was so happy about the prospect. And at 472 00:30:08.539 --> 00:30:11.190 A:middle L:90% the end of the world he got to you got 473 00:30:11.190 --> 00:30:18.160 A:middle L:90% to Portland because it an analysis again. What's that 474 00:30:22.240 --> 00:30:25.150 A:middle L:90% ? So in most of the analysis, what we 475 00:30:25.160 --> 00:30:29.240 A:middle L:90% we see that men control the house of production and 476 00:30:29.240 --> 00:30:33.329 A:middle L:90% marketing most and women have less access to credit farming 477 00:30:33.339 --> 00:30:38.670 A:middle L:90% input in general and women produce. I'm paid labor 478 00:30:40.339 --> 00:30:41.829 A:middle L:90% . And allow me to comment a little bit on 479 00:30:41.829 --> 00:30:45.440 A:middle L:90% the notion of and play labor in many african context 480 00:30:45.450 --> 00:30:48.640 A:middle L:90% . It husband you don't understand why you you're talking 481 00:30:48.640 --> 00:30:52.279 A:middle L:90% about the labor when her his wife works, she 482 00:30:52.279 --> 00:30:56.529 A:middle L:90% should work. So, you know, and the 483 00:30:56.539 --> 00:31:03.450 A:middle L:90% problem here is that most of us development into participant 484 00:31:03.940 --> 00:31:07.769 A:middle L:90% in those contexts. Most of us we buy this 485 00:31:07.779 --> 00:31:11.700 A:middle L:90% notion unconsciously. Again, we tend to say that's 486 00:31:11.700 --> 00:31:15.210 A:middle L:90% the norm. That's not, women should work there 487 00:31:15.220 --> 00:31:18.670 A:middle L:90% . They are not paid fine. But we could 488 00:31:18.670 --> 00:31:21.740 A:middle L:90% also think another way. We could say, okay 489 00:31:21.750 --> 00:31:23.519 A:middle L:90% , if they have the labour scheme they have, 490 00:31:23.519 --> 00:31:27.759 A:middle L:90% they're skeptical provide labor. If we're developing a massive 491 00:31:29.539 --> 00:31:33.559 A:middle L:90% , how do we push to give them some leverage 492 00:31:33.039 --> 00:31:37.400 A:middle L:90% ? And when this start is have again in mali 493 00:31:37.410 --> 00:31:41.359 A:middle L:90% this was because it's very difficult for a woman to 494 00:31:41.369 --> 00:31:45.900 A:middle L:90% get land like this as an individual because, you 495 00:31:45.900 --> 00:31:52.180 A:middle L:90% know, a woman marries out from her family where 496 00:31:52.180 --> 00:31:56.170 A:middle L:90% she gets in, she is perceived as a stranger 497 00:31:56.740 --> 00:31:59.009 A:middle L:90% . And you you become you still remain as a 498 00:31:59.009 --> 00:32:01.890 A:middle L:90% stranger in terms of similar except when you are unlucky 499 00:32:01.900 --> 00:32:06.730 A:middle L:90% to become a widow. Yeah. Now what the 500 00:32:06.730 --> 00:32:12.549 A:middle L:90% program did was to use uh, local leaders and 501 00:32:12.549 --> 00:32:15.609 A:middle L:90% community leaders, religious leaders to ask them for a 502 00:32:15.609 --> 00:32:19.200 A:middle L:90% space and space for a group of women and they 503 00:32:19.210 --> 00:32:22.309 A:middle L:90% got a large space which they were using for their 504 00:32:22.319 --> 00:32:25.940 A:middle L:90% own productions. And here the women were using a 505 00:32:25.940 --> 00:32:30.680 A:middle L:90% space for the group where the production, uh, 506 00:32:30.690 --> 00:32:35.609 A:middle L:90% the harvest from this uh plot belong to everybody. 507 00:32:35.740 --> 00:32:39.910 A:middle L:90% Now they puzzled the plot to give a portion to 508 00:32:39.910 --> 00:32:44.250 A:middle L:90% each other. So this was a very good strategy 509 00:32:44.250 --> 00:32:47.700 A:middle L:90% as what based on the again on the analysis, 510 00:32:47.710 --> 00:32:51.119 A:middle L:90% on the observation of the problem and also on the 511 00:32:51.130 --> 00:33:00.299 A:middle L:90% opportunity that can be tapped into. So women as 512 00:33:00.299 --> 00:33:04.059 A:middle L:90% well like singing and everybody knows just like men, 513 00:33:04.640 --> 00:33:07.579 A:middle L:90% it's not a more genius girl. This should be 514 00:33:07.579 --> 00:33:12.400 A:middle L:90% known and agriculture is stronger than that. However, 515 00:33:12.410 --> 00:33:15.359 A:middle L:90% we do not necessarily do not always acknowledge that. 516 00:33:15.369 --> 00:33:21.170 A:middle L:90% So this uh what we call uh categories over man 517 00:33:21.539 --> 00:33:22.849 A:middle L:90% here in Roma who says I'm a smart holder. 518 00:33:23.339 --> 00:33:27.339 A:middle L:90% This plot of land is mine. Another one who 519 00:33:27.339 --> 00:33:31.519 A:middle L:90% says I'm not a smallholder farmer because this property belongs 520 00:33:31.519 --> 00:33:35.079 A:middle L:90% to my husband. So she has no decision making 521 00:33:35.089 --> 00:33:37.480 A:middle L:90% power on that. The husband decided on this. 522 00:33:37.490 --> 00:33:42.690 A:middle L:90% So this is another group group of women who are 523 00:33:42.690 --> 00:33:46.609 A:middle L:90% producers uh traders, cultural products and this I should 524 00:33:46.619 --> 00:33:49.529 A:middle L:90% uh give credit to where I used to work at 525 00:33:49.529 --> 00:33:52.369 A:middle L:90% the the program I used to work at the program 526 00:33:52.380 --> 00:33:53.769 A:middle L:90% . It is a purchase for progress P 40. 527 00:33:54.339 --> 00:34:00.690 A:middle L:90% So another group of category of women was women participating 528 00:34:00.690 --> 00:34:06.890 A:middle L:90% in family farming by providing the unpaid labor. So 529 00:34:06.890 --> 00:34:10.019 A:middle L:90% yeah, these are different categories women producing occasional agricultural 530 00:34:10.019 --> 00:34:15.179 A:middle L:90% labor. Women producers of small sellers of agricultural products 531 00:34:15.190 --> 00:34:19.239 A:middle L:90% . So if you are doing an intervention in agriculture 532 00:34:19.250 --> 00:34:21.679 A:middle L:90% and you do not have an idea to break this 533 00:34:21.690 --> 00:34:27.769 A:middle L:90% down and intervene based on the different realities, you 534 00:34:27.769 --> 00:34:30.670 A:middle L:90% may be impacting only one group and it's very likely 535 00:34:30.670 --> 00:34:32.070 A:middle L:90% that you will be the truth, the one that 536 00:34:32.070 --> 00:34:39.670 A:middle L:90% is that is the lesser help. Mhm. So 537 00:34:42.340 --> 00:34:49.039 A:middle L:90% a few lessons have been drawn and mining in women's 538 00:34:49.039 --> 00:34:52.840 A:middle L:90% hands can be a catalyst of power and voice in 539 00:34:52.840 --> 00:34:55.670 A:middle L:90% the household. But there could be a catch here 540 00:34:57.239 --> 00:35:04.300 A:middle L:90% if that resource is love managed skillfully in a way 541 00:35:04.610 --> 00:35:07.800 A:middle L:90% that gives confidence to the head of household that is 542 00:35:07.800 --> 00:35:12.489 A:middle L:90% still the man in the room. Yeah. And 543 00:35:12.489 --> 00:35:15.760 A:middle L:90% this is what we like calling the the main face 544 00:35:15.440 --> 00:35:17.860 A:middle L:90% most of the time. Most men like to, 545 00:35:19.239 --> 00:35:22.789 A:middle L:90% they might not have a problem. If they approach 546 00:35:22.789 --> 00:35:27.019 A:middle L:90% to the woman, they pushed by the woman is 547 00:35:27.840 --> 00:35:30.340 A:middle L:90% no, I mean if even a route approach by 548 00:35:30.340 --> 00:35:34.840 A:middle L:90% the woman is not public, so as long as 549 00:35:34.849 --> 00:35:37.929 A:middle L:90% they face, the main face of uh what is 550 00:35:37.940 --> 00:35:42.219 A:middle L:90% defined as being a man in the community is not 551 00:35:42.219 --> 00:35:45.559 A:middle L:90% violated publicly. They can bear certain things. Yeah 552 00:35:45.570 --> 00:35:50.440 A:middle L:90% and this you know we we drew this out of 553 00:35:50.449 --> 00:35:54.900 A:middle L:90% the observation and conversation with remain and some really mastered 554 00:35:54.900 --> 00:35:59.820 A:middle L:90% the skill of negotiations, household negotiations. So you 555 00:35:59.820 --> 00:36:05.030 A:middle L:90% know when this happened they get more opportunity to the 556 00:36:05.039 --> 00:36:12.789 A:middle L:90% main resource which is land context. So rural man 557 00:36:12.800 --> 00:36:15.250 A:middle L:90% , I'm not necessarily against mass empowerment. This is 558 00:36:15.250 --> 00:36:19.440 A:middle L:90% an observation, as long as they understand that women's 559 00:36:19.449 --> 00:36:22.079 A:middle L:90% empowerment does not mean meant is empowerment. So there 560 00:36:22.079 --> 00:36:27.380 A:middle L:90% is a concern there again that I want to make 561 00:36:27.380 --> 00:36:30.849 A:middle L:90% sure that you know when my wife is empowered, 562 00:36:30.530 --> 00:36:34.250 A:middle L:90% I am not disempowered and here is not necessarily an 563 00:36:34.250 --> 00:36:38.050 A:middle L:90% issue of uh control is an issue of making sure 564 00:36:38.050 --> 00:36:44.699 A:middle L:90% for example that the benefits I shit or that he 565 00:36:44.710 --> 00:36:49.619 A:middle L:90% the man or the man still benefit from the from 566 00:36:49.619 --> 00:36:52.559 A:middle L:90% the human uh economic empowerment for example. And here 567 00:36:52.559 --> 00:36:54.969 A:middle L:90% is a case. I did research on the economic 568 00:36:54.969 --> 00:37:00.780 A:middle L:90% part of chicken growing, traditional chicken farming. And 569 00:37:00.820 --> 00:37:05.250 A:middle L:90% it came out that many women were successful partly because 570 00:37:05.260 --> 00:37:07.750 A:middle L:90% they brought the husband to understand that whatever the game 571 00:37:07.750 --> 00:37:09.849 A:middle L:90% was for the, you know, the benefit of 572 00:37:09.860 --> 00:37:15.110 A:middle L:90% everybody. And when you have such a biden by 573 00:37:15.110 --> 00:37:21.239 A:middle L:90% the the made by the husband, the the pursuit 574 00:37:21.730 --> 00:37:24.909 A:middle L:90% of the intervention of the special of the activity is 575 00:37:24.909 --> 00:37:31.050 A:middle L:90% guaranteed and the first defender becomes the husband. So 576 00:37:31.530 --> 00:37:35.219 A:middle L:90% well, because I've talked about the main phase, 577 00:37:35.230 --> 00:37:37.389 A:middle L:90% we need to be culturally sensitive in the approach women 578 00:37:37.389 --> 00:37:43.849 A:middle L:90% empowerment, if we hope to really achieve sustainable goals 579 00:37:44.230 --> 00:37:50.659 A:middle L:90% regarding gender equity and and equality. We also, 580 00:37:50.659 --> 00:37:53.039 A:middle L:90% I also talked about the indicators. At some point 581 00:37:53.530 --> 00:37:57.210 A:middle L:90% we have to bear in mind that we should be 582 00:37:57.210 --> 00:38:00.679 A:middle L:90% realistic indicators and not overburden the staff. Sometimes, 583 00:38:00.690 --> 00:38:04.489 A:middle L:90% sometimes I don't know why they are collecting some indicators 584 00:38:04.500 --> 00:38:07.489 A:middle L:90% . They're just collecting and storing them, but they 585 00:38:07.489 --> 00:38:10.639 A:middle L:90% don't know why. So let's be realistic and plan 586 00:38:10.650 --> 00:38:14.659 A:middle L:90% in a way that whatever indicator we're collecting it is 587 00:38:14.659 --> 00:38:16.570 A:middle L:90% for a purpose of measuring what we say we're going 588 00:38:16.570 --> 00:38:22.300 A:middle L:90% to do. Mhm. And I'm sorry, no 589 00:38:22.300 --> 00:38:27.210 A:middle L:90% matter what you do and how you do it do 590 00:38:27.210 --> 00:38:32.239 A:middle L:90% no harm. Yes. I wish they were the 591 00:38:32.250 --> 00:38:39.070 A:middle L:90% final uh like it's not Yeah, it's not because 592 00:38:39.079 --> 00:38:45.119 A:middle L:90% in the implementation of development work that I am familiar 593 00:38:45.119 --> 00:38:51.480 A:middle L:90% with. one thing I noticed is that we do 594 00:38:51.480 --> 00:38:59.989 A:middle L:90% not, our sexuality is not addressed and you look 595 00:38:59.989 --> 00:39:04.219 A:middle L:90% like there is an assumption that the programs are operating 596 00:39:04.219 --> 00:39:07.690 A:middle L:90% in, you know, a it through a social 597 00:39:07.690 --> 00:39:14.599 A:middle L:90% context and that sexuality does not is irrelevant whatever is 598 00:39:14.599 --> 00:39:16.269 A:middle L:90% being done. And I'm sure that, okay, 599 00:39:16.269 --> 00:39:20.510 A:middle L:90% I even heard some people say that we are hungry 600 00:39:20.519 --> 00:39:22.199 A:middle L:90% . We want to stop our hunger first before talking 601 00:39:22.199 --> 00:39:28.980 A:middle L:90% about this. Yeah. So again, I am 602 00:39:28.980 --> 00:39:30.829 A:middle L:90% not condemning the fact that it's not addressed. I'm 603 00:39:30.829 --> 00:39:37.250 A:middle L:90% saying that probably it is to respect the do no 604 00:39:37.250 --> 00:39:44.760 A:middle L:90% harm approach and also two go along the the cultural 605 00:39:44.760 --> 00:39:49.409 A:middle L:90% context of places where some tax are not very open 606 00:39:49.409 --> 00:40:00.989 A:middle L:90% yet. Thank you. Mhm. Actually, we 607 00:40:00.989 --> 00:40:07.230 A:middle L:90% have 10 most precious you moderate your own questions. 608 00:40:07.239 --> 00:40:10.829 A:middle L:90% Yeah. So I'll be very happy to take any 609 00:40:10.829 --> 00:40:23.900 A:middle L:90% comment. Question Yes provision. Um one person that 610 00:40:23.900 --> 00:40:29.230 A:middle L:90% I had was with regards to measuring within success in 611 00:40:29.230 --> 00:40:32.440 A:middle L:90% agriculture and whether or not they're producing up to their 612 00:40:32.440 --> 00:40:37.409 A:middle L:90% capacity or abilities. Is that it also the inheritance 613 00:40:37.440 --> 00:40:42.210 A:middle L:90% cycle measuring humans participation. It's just money is just 614 00:40:42.219 --> 00:40:45.920 A:middle L:90% profit and a lot of smallholder farmers, I think 615 00:40:45.920 --> 00:40:49.690 A:middle L:90% is kind of when before important for the nutritional. 616 00:40:50.610 --> 00:40:53.380 A:middle L:90% So then you don't measure health. Mhm. You 617 00:40:53.380 --> 00:40:57.230 A:middle L:90% don't take their food market, take this week's market 618 00:40:57.610 --> 00:41:00.440 A:middle L:90% , you don't get much money. So how is 619 00:41:00.440 --> 00:41:02.539 A:middle L:90% that incorporated into your program and also to your last 620 00:41:02.539 --> 00:41:06.460 A:middle L:90% life? It's kind of an unusual question, but 621 00:41:06.469 --> 00:41:07.289 A:middle L:90% I kind of pushed back a bit with the need 622 00:41:07.289 --> 00:41:12.860 A:middle L:90% to include everything in every situation. Right? How 623 00:41:12.860 --> 00:41:16.639 A:middle L:90% is that going to evidence? So, but if 624 00:41:16.639 --> 00:41:21.579 A:middle L:90% it is how it's a difficult question, but it's 625 00:41:21.579 --> 00:41:23.400 A:middle L:90% something that Mhm. Very good. Thank you very 626 00:41:23.400 --> 00:41:25.440 A:middle L:90% much. I'll start with the last question. Mhm 627 00:41:27.710 --> 00:41:31.340 A:middle L:90% . I don't know that the answer and I would 628 00:41:31.340 --> 00:41:35.050 A:middle L:90% not say that. It is not just, I 629 00:41:35.059 --> 00:41:37.389 A:middle L:90% don't know, but I won't say it's not because 630 00:41:37.400 --> 00:41:42.460 A:middle L:90% if probably if we have uh some people who feel 631 00:41:42.460 --> 00:41:45.429 A:middle L:90% or who leave the situation, they could feel that 632 00:41:45.440 --> 00:41:47.460 A:middle L:90% either they are included or excluded, depending on, 633 00:41:47.469 --> 00:41:51.030 A:middle L:90% on the groups. So, uh, you're right 634 00:41:51.039 --> 00:41:52.719 A:middle L:90% . It's a difficult question and that's what I said 635 00:41:52.719 --> 00:41:57.519 A:middle L:90% in the slide, uh, what they will say 636 00:41:57.989 --> 00:41:59.559 A:middle L:90% and you answered, you repeated it. I will 637 00:41:59.559 --> 00:42:04.400 A:middle L:90% say in that it's not relevant here. But the 638 00:42:04.400 --> 00:42:07.460 A:middle L:90% answer to your question, I don't really know the 639 00:42:07.460 --> 00:42:20.489 A:middle L:90% process. That's true. That's true. Bringing into 640 00:42:20.500 --> 00:42:25.000 A:middle L:90% the organization. What is that? That is Yeah 641 00:42:25.000 --> 00:42:28.570 A:middle L:90% , that's a good point. And it's actually, 642 00:42:28.579 --> 00:42:30.679 A:middle L:90% I'm raising this because, you know, most of 643 00:42:30.679 --> 00:42:35.170 A:middle L:90% the funds that go in go in in places where 644 00:42:35.179 --> 00:42:37.789 A:middle L:90% these attacked publicly too. So, you know, 645 00:42:37.789 --> 00:42:40.849 A:middle L:90% I'm raising it to attract the attention on the fact 646 00:42:40.849 --> 00:42:44.590 A:middle L:90% that there is a power relationship here that should be 647 00:42:44.590 --> 00:42:45.929 A:middle L:90% considered. Oh, that needs to be considered. 648 00:42:46.400 --> 00:42:50.599 A:middle L:90% Let me not forget your first question. You are 649 00:42:50.599 --> 00:42:53.619 A:middle L:90% . So right. Most of the time, what 650 00:42:53.619 --> 00:42:57.880 A:middle L:90% the measure is the income and by the way, 651 00:42:57.889 --> 00:43:02.059 A:middle L:90% they cannot even trace it very well. And it's 652 00:43:02.059 --> 00:43:07.920 A:middle L:90% not family. Don't just put an emphasis on the 653 00:43:07.920 --> 00:43:09.690 A:middle L:90% nutrition. They also put an emphasis on the food 654 00:43:09.690 --> 00:43:15.179 A:middle L:90% security and for many families, especially if you're talking 655 00:43:15.179 --> 00:43:17.730 A:middle L:90% about women for a woman when her kids have eaten 656 00:43:19.500 --> 00:43:22.019 A:middle L:90% that she achieved all of her goals. Unfortunately, 657 00:43:22.800 --> 00:43:28.510 A:middle L:90% it's not always measured in terms of how do you 658 00:43:28.510 --> 00:43:30.699 A:middle L:90% say in terms of for figures? I did. 659 00:43:30.710 --> 00:43:35.539 A:middle L:90% Uh I was part of uh an evaluation team recently 660 00:43:35.550 --> 00:43:37.949 A:middle L:90% where this question were asked and they asked, do 661 00:43:37.949 --> 00:43:43.900 A:middle L:90% you okay, have you improved your your access to 662 00:43:43.900 --> 00:43:46.710 A:middle L:90% food over the past 12 months? Over the past 663 00:43:46.710 --> 00:43:51.550 A:middle L:90% six months? So it's not probably probably not perfect 664 00:43:51.550 --> 00:43:53.789 A:middle L:90% yet. But you know, people have apparently realized 665 00:43:53.789 --> 00:43:59.190 A:middle L:90% that these are the questions about the non monetary benefits 666 00:43:59.199 --> 00:44:00.230 A:middle L:90% need to be addressed. And by the way it's 667 00:44:00.230 --> 00:44:02.380 A:middle L:90% not just those, there are also what are called 668 00:44:02.380 --> 00:44:08.110 A:middle L:90% the negotiation opportunities because ask some that or aspect of 669 00:44:08.119 --> 00:44:12.070 A:middle L:90% the harmony we can see in the family can depend 670 00:44:12.079 --> 00:44:15.710 A:middle L:90% on if the member of the family have eaten and 671 00:44:15.719 --> 00:44:19.570 A:middle L:90% if the mayor in the house for example have done 672 00:44:19.579 --> 00:44:22.769 A:middle L:90% enough effort has contributed enough so that you know food 673 00:44:22.780 --> 00:44:25.099 A:middle L:90% is assured, then he will get more studies and 674 00:44:25.099 --> 00:44:30.690 A:middle L:90% more respect within the household. So these are subtleties 675 00:44:30.690 --> 00:44:36.820 A:middle L:90% that are not always captured. Yes. Um First 676 00:44:36.829 --> 00:44:40.099 A:middle L:90% , thank you for the presentation. You seem to 677 00:44:40.099 --> 00:44:45.380 A:middle L:90% be focused a lot on and permanent women through economic 678 00:44:45.389 --> 00:44:50.980 A:middle L:90% growth. Is that the only motivation behind this? 679 00:44:50.989 --> 00:44:55.880 A:middle L:90% Just increasing growth in that area through movies, empowerment 680 00:44:57.090 --> 00:45:00.590 A:middle L:90% ? Or is the motivation itself simply women's empowerment and 681 00:45:00.590 --> 00:45:05.420 A:middle L:90% equality. And so is there any other method other 682 00:45:05.420 --> 00:45:10.139 A:middle L:90% than economic growth? They couldn't Okay, I don't 683 00:45:10.139 --> 00:45:16.469 A:middle L:90% know if economic empowerment and economic growth are synonymous to 684 00:45:16.469 --> 00:45:19.630 A:middle L:90% child. I don't know. But I was talking 685 00:45:19.630 --> 00:45:22.619 A:middle L:90% about economic empowerment and in the in what I call 686 00:45:22.619 --> 00:45:25.389 A:middle L:90% the dimension of empowerment, I did not just take 687 00:45:25.400 --> 00:45:29.420 A:middle L:90% economic aspect. Also talked about the social aspect. 688 00:45:29.789 --> 00:45:31.719 A:middle L:90% I talked about the capacity building and they are interrelated 689 00:45:32.190 --> 00:45:36.260 A:middle L:90% . It's not just the economic but at the first 690 00:45:36.269 --> 00:45:39.780 A:middle L:90% uh you didn't see your name? So. Yeah 691 00:45:39.789 --> 00:45:44.809 A:middle L:90% . Yeah. She said. Mhm. You know 692 00:45:45.190 --> 00:45:49.389 A:middle L:90% when we talk about the economy or the economic aspect 693 00:45:49.400 --> 00:45:52.539 A:middle L:90% , there is an assumption that the production has been 694 00:45:52.650 --> 00:45:59.619 A:middle L:90% positive and there is the assumption that from there you 695 00:45:59.619 --> 00:46:01.000 A:middle L:90% can sell and once you have the money you have 696 00:46:01.000 --> 00:46:04.949 A:middle L:90% more options in the use of that production. You 697 00:46:04.949 --> 00:46:07.590 A:middle L:90% can even diversify the consumption within the household and at 698 00:46:07.590 --> 00:46:10.420 A:middle L:90% the same time it can increase the social capital and 699 00:46:10.420 --> 00:46:13.329 A:middle L:90% in other capitals as well. So it could be 700 00:46:13.329 --> 00:46:15.099 A:middle L:90% a starting point. But it's not the point. 701 00:46:15.110 --> 00:46:19.389 A:middle L:90% It's not the only point. But it can be 702 00:46:19.400 --> 00:46:22.099 A:middle L:90% the most of the work. I'm involved in. 703 00:46:22.110 --> 00:46:25.059 A:middle L:90% Focus a lot on those. That's probably why you 704 00:46:25.059 --> 00:46:29.309 A:middle L:90% have the impression that I'm just telling that. Thank 705 00:46:29.309 --> 00:46:42.110 A:middle L:90% you. Everything was so clear. Okay, I'm 706 00:46:42.110 --> 00:46:44.190 A:middle L:90% going to ask the question people. So you introduce 707 00:46:44.190 --> 00:46:45.420 A:middle L:90% yourself as you know, you're not mrs Catamarca. 708 00:46:45.429 --> 00:46:50.489 A:middle L:90% Okay, so obviously you face this challenge of being 709 00:46:50.500 --> 00:46:53.030 A:middle L:90% a man in a gender field that people assume is 710 00:46:53.039 --> 00:46:55.889 A:middle L:90% women's issues and women's responsibility. Even if it's an 711 00:46:55.900 --> 00:47:00.139 A:middle L:90% uneducated young woman who You know, you want to 712 00:47:00.150 --> 00:47:01.179 A:middle L:90% check off the box. Yes Gates Foundation. We 713 00:47:01.179 --> 00:47:04.260 A:middle L:90% integrate gender here. We just hired this 18 year 714 00:47:04.260 --> 00:47:05.719 A:middle L:90% old to take care of gender. Now they're gonna 715 00:47:05.730 --> 00:47:09.230 A:middle L:90% count heads. So what's the issue for you? 716 00:47:09.239 --> 00:47:14.409 A:middle L:90% How do people receive you as a male gender expert 717 00:47:14.780 --> 00:47:16.349 A:middle L:90% ? I hate the word expert. We're not special 718 00:47:16.750 --> 00:47:23.039 A:middle L:90% person interested in promoting gender equality. Okay. I'm 719 00:47:23.039 --> 00:47:28.780 A:middle L:90% lucky enough I enjoy being in this position and yeah 720 00:47:28.789 --> 00:47:31.909 A:middle L:90% , I do. And most of the times when 721 00:47:31.920 --> 00:47:36.329 A:middle L:90% they see me we laugh a lot because they expected 722 00:47:36.329 --> 00:47:37.909 A:middle L:90% to see a woman and then come here a black 723 00:47:38.000 --> 00:47:42.900 A:middle L:90% male. So yeah, we we and then after 724 00:47:42.900 --> 00:47:45.150 A:middle L:90% conversations that they confessed that, you know, I 725 00:47:45.159 --> 00:47:49.460 A:middle L:90% also thought were women, it's not a big and 726 00:47:49.460 --> 00:47:51.269 A:middle L:90% this is at the level of staff, for example 727 00:47:51.500 --> 00:47:54.789 A:middle L:90% , now at the level of the people I work 728 00:47:54.800 --> 00:48:00.840 A:middle L:90% with the farmers, we women, most of the 729 00:48:00.840 --> 00:48:05.150 A:middle L:90% time I would go with a female assistance and we 730 00:48:05.150 --> 00:48:07.269 A:middle L:90% start the conversation and because I, you know, 731 00:48:07.280 --> 00:48:12.460 A:middle L:90% but the whole motivation of me getting into the general 732 00:48:12.460 --> 00:48:15.510 A:middle L:90% world is because I grew up in this family and 733 00:48:15.510 --> 00:48:16.619 A:middle L:90% I saw what my mother used to do and I 734 00:48:16.630 --> 00:48:19.400 A:middle L:90% know that it's real, it's not a theory, 735 00:48:19.769 --> 00:48:22.000 A:middle L:90% it's real. I do it, I do it 736 00:48:22.000 --> 00:48:24.920 A:middle L:90% with passion and when I talked with these people, 737 00:48:25.360 --> 00:48:30.690 A:middle L:90% I mean the farmers sometimes they try to use what 738 00:48:30.690 --> 00:48:32.619 A:middle L:90% I call it, the development gymnastics to tell me 739 00:48:32.619 --> 00:48:36.219 A:middle L:90% what the thing I'm interested in and I tell them 740 00:48:36.219 --> 00:48:38.690 A:middle L:90% no, come back, please, you cannot seek 741 00:48:38.690 --> 00:48:43.170 A:middle L:90% electric me. And they realized that I was not 742 00:48:43.170 --> 00:48:45.360 A:middle L:90% just passing by to check about to take a bus 743 00:48:45.369 --> 00:48:47.800 A:middle L:90% and go on and then it creates a kind of 744 00:48:47.809 --> 00:48:52.880 A:middle L:90% uh I will see a connection because they know that 745 00:48:52.880 --> 00:48:54.599 A:middle L:90% I know the fields and I always say that you 746 00:48:54.599 --> 00:48:58.769 A:middle L:90% know, I I'm a farmer's child and I even 747 00:48:58.769 --> 00:49:01.130 A:middle L:90% feel like a farmer. So this problem is solved 748 00:49:01.139 --> 00:49:07.739 A:middle L:90% and women, most women will find that finally we 749 00:49:07.739 --> 00:49:12.030 A:middle L:90% have a man talking to us talking, talking the 750 00:49:12.030 --> 00:49:15.760 A:middle L:90% thing that we want to talk about. So to 751 00:49:15.760 --> 00:49:19.000 A:middle L:90% me it makes me feel very good again. And 752 00:49:19.869 --> 00:49:23.880 A:middle L:90% I wouldn't say that I I have difficult situations in 753 00:49:23.880 --> 00:49:28.449 A:middle L:90% my what I do other than the first image that 754 00:49:28.449 --> 00:49:30.320 A:middle L:90% we laugh at and or like when I was at 755 00:49:30.320 --> 00:49:34.369 A:middle L:90% the World Food Programme, somebody said Madam Catamarca. 756 00:49:34.380 --> 00:49:38.110 A:middle L:90% And because the image was in french and whoever understand 757 00:49:38.110 --> 00:49:42.150 A:middle L:90% french or maybe spanish, you know that the agreement 758 00:49:42.150 --> 00:49:45.090 A:middle L:90% whether it's feminine of masculine, it can change. 759 00:49:45.170 --> 00:49:46.929 A:middle L:90% So I responded but I think she did not look 760 00:49:46.929 --> 00:49:50.280 A:middle L:90% at the the verb. She didn't know that I 761 00:49:50.289 --> 00:49:52.449 A:middle L:90% didn't double the E. Somewhere and probably she thought 762 00:49:52.449 --> 00:49:55.920 A:middle L:90% that I did a mistake, I call her and 763 00:49:55.920 --> 00:50:00.619 A:middle L:90% I said this is tomorrow. Keep who Guatemala but 764 00:50:00.619 --> 00:50:06.840 A:middle L:90% we laughed and that's it. Mhm. And by 765 00:50:06.840 --> 00:50:08.079 A:middle L:90% the way at the Gates Foundation are so busy with 766 00:50:08.079 --> 00:50:15.320 A:middle L:90% my um we've it's spanish background. She said you 767 00:50:15.320 --> 00:50:17.590 A:middle L:90% west Africans, you treat me every time in my 768 00:50:17.590 --> 00:50:21.219 A:middle L:90% country. If your name your name as if you 769 00:50:21.219 --> 00:50:23.059 A:middle L:90% are a woman here you are. You are a 770 00:50:23.059 --> 00:50:30.280 A:middle L:90% man. Yeah. It always found hilarious and yeah 771 00:50:30.289 --> 00:50:37.489 A:middle L:90% , enjoy hearing those things. Last question or comment 772 00:50:38.460 --> 00:50:45.550 A:middle L:90% . You may have some answers the question. Okay 773 00:50:45.559 --> 00:50:50.440 A:middle L:90% . Hey. Yes. So you gave the example 774 00:50:50.440 --> 00:50:53.699 A:middle L:90% of how women were given a lot together. Um 775 00:50:53.710 --> 00:51:00.369 A:middle L:90% So I have inside a nutrition he studied they discuss 776 00:51:00.369 --> 00:51:01.750 A:middle L:90% how women were given a lot together. They were 777 00:51:01.750 --> 00:51:05.690 A:middle L:90% more they have a higher chance of being robbed. 778 00:51:06.059 --> 00:51:09.119 A:middle L:90% Mhm. And being attacked because they were doing so 779 00:51:09.119 --> 00:51:13.190 A:middle L:90% when you have a a plot with nothing for women 780 00:51:13.559 --> 00:51:15.460 A:middle L:90% , are they evil teenagers? You know their crops 781 00:51:15.460 --> 00:51:22.070 A:middle L:90% out are they subjects were forcing something being discriminated against 782 00:51:22.960 --> 00:51:28.400 A:middle L:90% ? No, on the contrary they hadn't status because 783 00:51:28.400 --> 00:51:30.380 A:middle L:90% first, you know, it is in the community 784 00:51:30.380 --> 00:51:35.210 A:middle L:90% where everybody knows everybody and they took advantage of this 785 00:51:35.219 --> 00:51:37.960 A:middle L:90% come plot to give a smaller part of each other 786 00:51:37.969 --> 00:51:39.519 A:middle L:90% . So it includes the opportunity for, you know 787 00:51:39.530 --> 00:51:44.170 A:middle L:90% , producing for themselves. Because you should not forget 788 00:51:44.170 --> 00:51:46.539 A:middle L:90% that they have the common part with their husbands at 789 00:51:46.539 --> 00:51:51.510 A:middle L:90% home, but that is managed by the but in 790 00:51:51.519 --> 00:51:52.230 A:middle L:90% this block, whatever comes out of this plot, 791 00:51:52.239 --> 00:51:57.599 A:middle L:90% is there business? And of course they use the 792 00:51:57.610 --> 00:52:00.869 A:middle L:90% extra time to work there. I say extra cool 793 00:52:00.880 --> 00:52:02.090 A:middle L:90% , because there is no extra time. People are 794 00:52:02.090 --> 00:52:05.480 A:middle L:90% always busy. So that's why you've been good. 795 00:52:05.489 --> 00:52:07.349 A:middle L:90% So the short answer is no, there there are 796 00:52:07.349 --> 00:52:10.449 A:middle L:90% rather perceived with respect. And the other women who 797 00:52:10.449 --> 00:52:13.579 A:middle L:90% are not in groups could see them as, I 798 00:52:13.579 --> 00:52:15.530 A:middle L:90% mean, could every them because they, you know 799 00:52:15.539 --> 00:52:20.570 A:middle L:90% , they use their group to access production resources. 800 00:52:23.849 --> 00:52:25.489 A:middle L:90% Okay. Yeah. So something I didn't say at 801 00:52:25.489 --> 00:52:27.969 A:middle L:90% the beginning and I want to be sure to say 802 00:52:27.969 --> 00:52:30.250 A:middle L:90% that I need to thank several entities on campus that 803 00:52:30.250 --> 00:52:34.659 A:middle L:90% helped us bring dr tomorrow. So one we were 804 00:52:34.659 --> 00:52:37.789 A:middle L:90% supported by the women and minority artists and scholars lecture 805 00:52:37.789 --> 00:52:40.969 A:middle L:90% series Africa Studies, Women and gender studies and outreach 806 00:52:40.969 --> 00:52:44.139 A:middle L:90% and international affairs. So we would have been able 807 00:52:44.139 --> 00:52:45.460 A:middle L:90% to do without them. And that's partly why I'm 808 00:52:45.460 --> 00:52:49.219 A:middle L:90% going to ask you after presentation. Thank you for 809 00:52:49.219 --> 00:52:51.860 A:middle L:90% coming. But please fill out a survey. If 810 00:52:51.860 --> 00:52:53.550 A:middle L:90% you gave us your emails will send you a link 811 00:52:53.559 --> 00:52:55.809 A:middle L:90% to a survey. People on Webex that will get 812 00:52:55.809 --> 00:52:59.699 A:middle L:90% it immediately after this and let us know what you 813 00:52:59.699 --> 00:53:01.510 A:middle L:90% think. I hate surveys to I get a serious 814 00:53:01.519 --> 00:53:05.769 A:middle L:90% click. Do you have anything else to say? 815 00:53:05.780 --> 00:53:07.269 A:middle L:90% No, it was great. So give us just 816 00:53:07.269 --> 00:53:09.590 A:middle L:90% one sense because we put it together in a report 817 00:53:09.590 --> 00:53:12.909 A:middle L:90% , it helps us get funny to bring important speaker 818 00:53:12.909 --> 00:53:15.019 A:middle L:90% , so just take five minutes. Okay? Help 819 00:53:15.019 --> 00:53:17.469 A:middle L:90% yourselves to bagels and cream cheese, recycling for the 820 00:53:17.469 --> 00:53:21.900 A:middle L:90% water bottles just outside and thank you doctor. Okay 821 --> A:middle L:90% .