<front xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/xsd/JATS-journalpublishing1-mathml3.xsd" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <journal-meta>
    <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">MPE</journal-id>
    <journal-title-group>
      <journal-title>Mathematical Problems in Engineering</journal-title>
    </journal-title-group>
    <issn pub-type="epub">1563-5147</issn>
    <issn pub-type="ppub">1024-123X</issn>
    <publisher>
      <publisher-name>Hindawi</publisher-name>
    </publisher>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
    <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2018/1710253</article-id>
    <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1710253</article-id>
    <article-categories>
      <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
        <subject>Research Article</subject>
      </subj-group>
    </article-categories>
    <title-group>
      <article-title>Mathematical Framework for Hydromechanical Time-Domain Simulation of Wave Energy Converters</article-title>
    </title-group>
    <contrib-group>
      <contrib contrib-type="author" id="U74321680" corresp="yes">
        <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1673-5226</contrib-id>
        <name>
          <surname>Medeiros</surname>
          <given-names>J. Seixas de</given-names>
        </name>
        <email>joaosm@mit.edu</email>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">
          <sup>1</sup>
        </xref>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author" id="U49395812">
        <name>
          <surname>Brizzolara</surname>
          <given-names>S.</given-names>
        </name>
        <email>stebriz@mit.edu</email>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2">
          <sup>2</sup>
        </xref>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="Academic Editor" id="U81861502">
        <name>
          <surname>Archetti</surname>
          <given-names>Renata</given-names>
        </name>
      </contrib>
    </contrib-group>
    <aff id="I1">
      <sup>1</sup>
      <addr-line>Massachusetts Institute of Technology</addr-line>
      <addr-line>77 Massachusetts Avenue</addr-line>
      <addr-line>Room 5-423</addr-line>
      <addr-line>Cambridge</addr-line>
      <addr-line>MA 02139</addr-line>
      <country>USA</country>
      <ext-link ext-link-type="domain-name">mit.edu</ext-link>
    </aff>
    <aff id="I2">
      <sup>2</sup>
      <addr-line>Virginia Tech</addr-line>
      <addr-line>Randolph Hall</addr-line>
      <addr-line>RM 332-4</addr-line>
      <addr-line>460 Old Turner St.</addr-line>
      <addr-line>Blacksburg</addr-line>
      <addr-line>VA 24061</addr-line>
      <country>USA</country>
      <ext-link ext-link-type="domain-name">vt.edu</ext-link>
    </aff>
    <pub-date pub-type="publication-year">
      <year>2018</year>
    </pub-date>
    <pub-date pub-type="archival-date"><day>17</day><month>1</month><year>2018</year>
    </pub-date>
    <volume>2018</volume>
    <history>
      <date date-type="received">
        <day>01</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2017</year>
      </date>
      <date date-type="accepted">
        <day>07</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2017</year>
      </date>
      <date date-type="pub"><day>17</day><month>1</month><year>2018</year>
      </date>
    </history>
    <permissions>
      <copyright-year>2018</copyright-year>
      <copyright-holder> Copyright &#xa9; 2018 J. Seixas de Medeiros and S. Brizzolara.</copyright-holder>
      <license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
        <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the <ext-link xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</ext-link>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
      </license>
    </permissions>
    <abstract>
      <p>Efficient design of wave energy converters based on floating body motion heavily depends on the capacity of the designer to accurately predict the device&#x2019;s dynamics, which ultimately leads to the power extraction. We present a (quasi-nonlinear) time-domain hydromechanical dynamic model to simulate a particular type of pitch-resonant WEC which uses gyroscopes for power extraction. The dynamic model consists of a time-domain three-dimensional Rankine panel method coupled, during time integration, with a MATLAB algorithm that solves for the equations of the gyroscope and Power Take-Off (PTO). The former acts as a force block, calculating the forces due to the waves on the hull, which is then sent to the latter through TCP/IP, which couples the external dynamics and performs the time integration using a 4th-order Runge-Kutta method. The panel method, accounting for the gyroscope and PTO dynamics, is then used for the calculation of the optimal flywheel spin, PTO damping, and average power extracted, completing the basic design cycle of the WEC. The proposed numerical method framework is capable of considering virtually any type of nonlinear force (e.g., nonlinear wave loads) and it is applied and verified in the paper against the traditional frequency domain linear model. It proved to be a versatile tool to verify performance in resonant conditions.</p>
    </abstract>
    <funding-group>
      <award-group>
        <funding-source xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003593">Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico</funding-source>
      </award-group>
    </funding-group>
    <counts>
      <ref-count count="38" />
      <page-count count="15" />
    </counts>
  </article-meta>
</front>