Clelland, Donald A.Dunaway, Wilma A.2022-09-192022-09-192021-112471-4607http://hdl.handle.net/10919/111853We hope to encourage the development of decentered, decolonized, ground-breaking theory about ethnic and racial exploitation in the zest century world-system. To accomplish that, we contend that academics and activism need to liberate themselves from the historical and ideological confines of the western race paradigm. Consequently, we have shaped this essay around that goal. In Section z, we explore the dangers of universalizing the western race paradigm to the entire world. Section 3 investigates zest century trends that challenge the western race paradigm, with particular focus on the significance of semiperipheries, transnational capitalist classes and nonwestern states. In Section 4, we argue that western race theory dominates scholarship globally through strategies of intellectual imperialism that need to be acknowledged, dismantled and overcome. In the Conclusion, we offer strategies for decentering and decolonizing knowledge production.application/pdfenCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalraceethnicityuniversalizationintellectual imperialismdecolonized mindwestern race paradigmsemiperipherytransnational capitalist classnonwestern statereflexivityracializationArticle - Refereedhttps://doi.org/10.1163/24714607-BJA100422442667-3657