Mokdad, Ali H.Moradi-Lakeh, MaziarEl Bcheraoui, CharbelCharara, RaghidKhalil, IbrahimAfshin, AshkanKassebaum, Nicholas J.Collison, MichaelDaoud, FarahChew, AdrienneKrohn, Kristopher J.Colombara, DannyEhrenkranz, RebeccaForeman, Kyle J.Frostad, JosephGodwin, William W.Kutz, MichaelRao, Puja C.Reiner, RobertTroeger, ChristopherWang, HaidongAbajobir, Amanuel AlemuAbbas, Kaja M.Abera, Semaw FeredeAbu-Raddad, Laith J.Adane, KelemeworkKiadaliri, Aliasghar AhmadAhmadi, AlirezaBeshir, MuktarAl-Eyadhy, AymanAlam, KhurshidAlam, NooreAlasfoor, DeenaAlizadeh-Navaei, RezaAl-Maskari, FatmaAl-Raddadi, RajaaAlsharif, UbaiAltirkawi, Khalid A.Anber, NahlaAnsari, HosseinAntonio, Carl Abelardo T.Anwari, PalwashaAsayesh, HamidAsgedom, Solomon WeldegebrealAtey, Tesfay MehariArthur, Euripide Frinel G.Bacha, UmarBarac, AleksandraBazargan-Hejazi, ShahrzadDrew, Charles R.Geffen, DavidBedi, NeerajBhutta, Zulfiqar A.Michael, BrauerButt, Zahid A.Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A.Danawi, HadiDjalalinia, ShirinEndries, Aman YesufEshrati, BabakFarvid, Maryam S.Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-MohammadFischer, FlorianGarcia-Basteiro, Alberto L.Gebrehiwot, Kiros TedlaGebrehiwot, Tsegaye TeweldeHailu, Gessessew BugssaHamadeh, Randah RibhiHambisa, Mitiku TeshomeHamidi, SamerHassanvand, Mohammad SadeghHedayati, Mohammad T.Horita, NobuyukiHusseini, AbdullatifSpencer, Lewis JamesJavanbakht, MehdiJonas, Jost B.Kasaeian, AmirKhader, Yousef SalehKhan, Ejaz AhmadKhan, GulfarazKhoja, Abdullah Tawfih AbdullahKhubchandani, JagdishKim, Yun JinKissoon, NiranjanLarson, Heidi J.Latif, Asma AbdulLeshargie, Cheru TesemaLunevicius, RaimundasAbd El Razek, Hassan MagdyAbd El Razek, Mohammed MagdyMajdzadeh, RezaMajeed, AzeemMalekzadeh, RezaFarid, Habibolah MasoudiMehari, AlemMemish, Ziad A.Mengistu, Desalegn TadeseMensah, George A.Mezgebe, Haftay BerhaneNakamura, SachikoOren, EyalPourmalek, FarshadQorbani, MostafaRadfar, AmirRafay, AnwarRahimi-Movaghar, VafaRai, Rajesh KumarRawaf, David LaithRawaf, SalmanRefaat, Amany H.Rezaei, SatarRezai, Mohammad SadeghRoba, Hirbo ShoreRoshandel, GholamrezaSafdarian, MahdiSafiri, SaeidSahraian, Mohammad AliSalamati, PaymanSamy, Abdallah M.Sartorius, BennSepanlou, Sadaf G.Shaikh, Masood AliShamsizadeh, MortezaShigematsu, MikaSingh, Jasvinder A.Sufiyan, Muawiyyah BabaleTehrani-Banihashemi, ArashTemsah, Mohamad-HaniTopor-Madry, RomanUthman, Olalekan A.Vollset, Stein EmilWakayo, TolassaWerdecker, AndreaWijeratne, TissaYaghoubi, MohsenYimam, Hassen HamidYonemoto, NaohiroYounis, Mustafa Z.Zaki, Maysaa El SayedJumaan, Aisha O.Vos, TheoNaghavi, MohsenHay, Simon I.Murray, Christopher J. L.2019-09-062019-09-062018-051661-8556http://hdl.handle.net/10919/93495We used data from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study (GBD) to calculate the burden of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) in the 22 countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) from 1990 to 2015. We conducted a systematic analysis of mortality and morbidity data for LRI and its specific etiologic factors, including pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Respiratory syncytial virus, and influenza virus. We used modeling methods to estimate incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). We calculated burden attributable to known risk factors for LRI. In 2015, LRIs were the fourth-leading cause of DALYs, causing 11,098,243 (95% UI 9,857,095-12,396,566) DALYs and 191,114 (95% UI 170,934-210,705) deaths. The LRI DALY rates were higher than global estimates in 2015. The highest and lowest age-standardized rates of DALYs were observed in Somalia and Lebanon, respectively. Undernutrition in childhood and ambient particulate matter air pollution in the elderly were the main risk factors. Our findings call for public health strategies to reduce the level of risk factors in each age group, especially vulnerable child and elderly populations.application/pdfenCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 InternationalLower respiratory infectionIncidenceMortalityDALYEastern Mediterranean RegionArticle - Refereedhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-017-1007-063287762461661-8564