Wilshusen, P. R.Brechin, S. R.Fortwangler, C. L.West, P. C.2016-04-192016-04-192002Society and Natural Resources 15(1): 17-400894-1920http://hdl.handle.net/10919/66471Metadata only recordThis article presents a critical review of recent writings that argue that people-oriented approaches to conservation have largely failed to achieve their main goal: the protection of biological diversity. Based on an analysis of this problem, authors of these works conclude that biodiversity conservation initiatives should place renewed emphasis on authoritarian protection of national parks and other protected areas to safeguard critically threatened habitats worldwide.text/plainen-USIn CopyrightCommunity institutionsIndigenous communityConservationSustainabilityLocal knowledgeCommunity developmentBiodiversity conservationCommunity-based conservationConservation debateIndigenous peopleIntegrated Conservation and Development Projects (ICDPS)Protectionist argumentAnd sustainable useEcosystem Field ScaleAbstractCopyright 2002 Taylor & Francis