Ferraro, Paul J.Kiss, A.2016-04-192016-04-192002Science 298(5599): 1718 - 1719http://hdl.handle.net/10919/66986Metadata only recordInternational donors and private citizens have invested billions of dollars to protect biodiversity in developing nations. The most popular investments aim to encourage economic activities that indirectly protect ecosystems and species. An alternative form of investment is to pay directly for conservation outcomes, as is commonly done in high-income nations. While not a "silver bullet," direct approaches may, in many cases, be more effective and efficient than indirect ones, and thus merit greater attention in developing nations.text/plainen-USIn CopyrightPayments for environmental servicesBiodiversityConservationPESDirect paymentsConservation outcomesIndirect approachesDirect approachesAbstractCopyright 2002 The American Association for the Advancement of Sciencehttps://doi.org/10.1126/science.1078104