2016-08-242016-08-242010-04-27http://hdl.handle.net/10919/72632An optical method and apparatus are described for the measurement of properties of a travel vehicle or a travel surface upon which the travel vehicle travels, which includes providing an incident light from a light source to the travel surface, collecting light reflected from the travel surface, determining a surface induced Doppler shift from the incident and collected light and determining at least one of a motion property of the travel vehicle and a surface property of the travel surface based on the determined surface induced Doppler shift.application/pdfen-USDoppler sensor for the derivation of torsional slip, friction and related parametersPatenthttp://pimg-fpiw.uspto.gov/fdd/72/059/077/0.pdf11765215356/28.5356/28701/514B60W40/06G01P3/366G01S17/58G01S17/887705972