Trulove, Susan2013-05-062013-05-062004-03-30http://hdl.handle.net/10919/20829Ordinarily, the cell membrane prevents invasion by foreign genetic material, which is why genetic engineers often have to use a pipette and forced air to jab a new piece of a gene through the cell wall into the genome in order to carry out gene therapy or introduce particular attributes into a crop or organism.text/htmlIn CopyrightPress releaseVirginia Tech. University Relations