Lucas, R. E. B.2016-04-192016-04-191987The American Economic Review 77(3): 313-330http://hdl.handle.net/10919/69056Metadata only recordThis article examines temporary labor migration from Malawi, Botswana, Mozambique, Lesotho, and South Africa to the mines of South Africa. International migration to these South African mines has implications both in the short and long term for both the home countries and for South Africa. The author finds that emigration reduces domestic crop production in the short run, but promotes crop productivity and cattle accumulation through reinvestment of mine earnings in the long run. The conflicting interests of the mines and the sending countries' employers has resulted in new government policies, including forced labor, quotas for emigration, and compulsory population relocation.text/plainen-USIn CopyrightRural developmentNational planningIncome generationEthnicity/raceEconomic analysesEconomic policyDeregulation and liberalizationGovernment policyVulnerability and riskIncome diversificationCommunity developmentLocal governanceInternational migrationRural-rural migrationWhite farm areasMozambiqueMalawiBotswanaLesothoSouth africaLabor migrationForced laborEmigration quotasFarm/Enterprise Scale GovernanceAbstractCopyright 1987 American Economic Association