Xu, JunranLeung, Chung MingZhuang, XinLi, JiefangBhardwaj, ShubhenduVolakis, JohnViehland, Dwight D.2019-03-012019-03-012019-02-19Xu, J.; Leung, C.M.; Zhuang, X.; Li, J.; Bhardwaj, S.; Volakis, J.; Viehland, D. A Low Frequency Mechanical Transmitter Based on Magnetoelectric Heterostructures Operated at Their Resonance Frequency. Sensors 2019, 19, 853.http://hdl.handle.net/10919/88038Magneto-elasto-electric (ME) coupling heterostructures, consisting of piezoelectric layers bonded to magnetostrictive ones, provide for a new class of electromagnetic emitter materials on which a portable (area ~ 16 cm²) very low frequency (VLF) transmitter technology could be developed. The proposed ME transmitter functions as follows: (a) a piezoelectric layer is first driven by alternating current AC electric voltage at its electromechanical resonance (EMR) frequency, (b) subsequently, this EMR excites the magnetostrictive layers, giving rise to magnetization change, (c) in turn, the magnetization oscillations result in oscillating magnetic fields. By Maxwell’s equations, a corresponding electric field, is also generated, leading to electromagnetic field propagation. Our hybrid piezoelectric-magnetostrictive transformer can take an input electric voltage that may include modulation-signal over a carrier frequency and transmit via oscillating magnetic field or flux change. The prototype measurements reveal a magnetic dipole like near field, demonstrating its transmission capabilities. Furthermore, the developed prototype showed a 10⁴ times higher efficiency over a small-circular loop of the same area, exhibiting its superiority over the class of traditional small antennas.application/pdfenCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalelectromechanical resonance frequencymagneto-elasto-electric couplingtransmitter–receiver systemkilohertzmagnetic fieldspiezoelectricmagnetostrictiveME sensorsArticle - Refereed2019-03-01https://doi.org/10.3390/s19040853