Wang, WeiSrivastava, SonaliGarg, AdityaXiao, ChuanHawks, SethPan, JinDuggal, NishaIsaacman-VanWertz, GabrielZhou, WeiMarr, Linsey C.Vikesland, Peter J.2025-03-042025-03-042024-03-070013-936Xhttps://hdl.handle.net/10919/124775This study introduces a novel surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based lateral flow test (LFT) dipstick that integrates digital analysis for highly sensitive and rapid viral quantification. The SERS-LFT dipsticks, incorporating gold-silver core-shell nanoparticle probes, enable pixel-based digital analysis of large-area SERS scans. Such an approach enables ultralow-level detection of viruses that readily distinguishes positive signals from background noise at the pixel level. The developed digital SERS-LFTs demonstrate limits of detection (LODs) of 180 fg for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, 120 fg for nucleocapsid protein, and 7 plaque forming units for intact virus, all within <30 min. Importantly, digital SERS-LFT methods maintain their robustness and their LODs in the presence of indoor dust, thus underscoring their potential for accurate and reliable virus diagnosis and quantification in real-world environmental settings.Pages 4926-493611 page(s)application/pdfenCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalsurface-enhanced Raman spectroscopydigital analysislateral flow testSARS-CoV-2 detectionindoor dustHumansVirusesGoldSpectrum Analysis, RamanMetal NanoparticlesLimit of DetectionSpike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusArticle - Refereedhttps://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c103115811Vikesland, Peter [0000-0003-2654-5132]Marr, Linsey [0000-0003-3628-6891]Zhou, Wei [0000-0002-5257-3885]Isaacman-VanWertz, Gabriel [0000-0002-3717-4798]Duggal, Nisha [0000-0002-9893-8069]384521071520-5851