Berrang-Ford, LeaSiders, A. R.Lesnikowski, AlexandraFischer, Alexandra PaigeCallaghan, Max W.Haddaway, Neal R.Mach, Katharine J.Araos, MalcolmShah, Mohammad Aminur RahmanWannewitz, MiaDoshi, DeepalLeiter, TimoMatavel, CustodioMusah-Surugu, Justice IssahWong-Parodi, GabrielleAntwi-Agyei, PhilipAjibade, IdowuChauhan, NehaKakenmaster, WilliamGrady, CaitlinChalastani, Vasiliki I.Jagannathan, KripaGalappaththi, Eranga K.Sitati, AshaScarpa, GiuliaTotin, EdmondDavis, KatyHamilton, Nikita CharlesKirchhoff, Christine J.Kumar, PraveenPentz, BrianSimpson, Nicholas P.Theokritoff, EmilyDeryng, DelphineReckien, DianaZavaleta-Cortijo, CarolUlibarri, NicolaSegnon, Alcade C.Khavhagali, VhalinavhoShang, YuanyuanZvobgo, LucksonZommers, ZintaXu, JirenWilliams, Portia AdadeCanosa, Ivan Villaverdevan Maanen, Nicolevan Bavel, Biancavan Aalst, Maarten K.Turek-Hankins, Lynee L.Trivedi, HastiTrisos, Christopher H.Thomas, AdelleThakur, ShinnyTempleman, SiennaStringer, Lindsay C.Sotnik, GarrySjostrom, Kathryn DanaSingh, ChandniSina, Mariella Z.Shukla, RoopamSardans, JordiSalubi, Eunice A.Chalkasra, Lolita Shaila SafaeeRuiz-Diaz, RaquelRichards, CarysPokharel, PratikPetzold, JanPenuelas, JosepAvila, Julia PelaezMurillo, Julia B. PazminoOuni, SouhaNiemann, JenniferNielsen, MiriamNew, MarkSchwerdtle, Patricia NaynaAlverio, Gabriela NagleMullin, Cristina A.Mullenite, JoshuaMosurska, AnuszkaMorecroft, Mike D.Minx, Jan C.Maskell, GinaNunbogu, Abraham MarshallMagnan, Alexandre K.Lwasa, ShuaibLukas-Sithole, MeganLissner, TabeaLilford, OliverKoller, Steven F.Jurjonas, MatthewJoe, Elphin TomHuynh, Lam TM M.Hill, AveryHernandez, Rebecca R.Hegde, GreeshmaHawxwell, TomHarper, Sherilee L.Harden, AlexandraHaasnoot, MarjolijnGilmore, Elisabeth A.Gichuki, LeahGatt, AlyssaGarschagen, MatthiasFord, James D.Forbes, AndrewFarrell, Aidan D.Enquist, Carolyn AF F.Elliott, SusanDuncan, EmilyCoughlan de Perez, ErinCoggins, ShaugnChen, TaraCampbell, DonovanBrowne, Katherine E.Bowen, Kathryn J.Biesbroek, RobbertBhatt, Indra D.Kerr, Rachel BeznerBarr, Stephanie L.Baker, EmilyAustin, Stephanie E.Arotoma-Rojas, IngridAnderson, ChristaAjaz, WardaAgrawal, TanviAbu, Thelma Zulfawu2022-02-012022-02-012021-10-281758-678Xhttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/108066Assessing global progress on human adaptation to climate change is an urgent priority. Although the literature on adaptation to climate change is rapidly expanding, little is known about the actual extent of implementation. We systematically screened >48,000 articles using machine learning methods and a global network of 126 researchers. Our synthesis of the resulting 1,682 articles presents a systematic and comprehensive global stocktake of implemented human adaptation to climate change. Documented adaptations were largely fragmented, local and incremental, with limited evidence of transformational adaptation and negligible evidence of risk reduction outcomes. We identify eight priorities for global adaptation research: assess the effectiveness of adaptation responses, enhance the understanding of limits to adaptation, enable individuals and civil society to adapt, include missing places, scholars and scholarship, understand private sector responses, improve methods for synthesizing different forms of evidence, assess the adaptation at different temperature thresholds, and improve the inclusion of timescale and the dynamics of responses.Pages 989-+17 page(s)application/pdfenPublic DomainPhysical SciencesEnvironmental SciencesEnvironmental StudiesMeteorology & Atmospheric SciencesEnvironmental Sciences & EcologySMALLHOLDER FARMERSCOMMUNITY-LEVELNATIONAL-LEVELLOCAL-LEVELSTRATEGIESURBANOPPORTUNITIESAGRICULTUREVARIABILITYPERCEPTIONS0401 Atmospheric Sciences0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience0502 Environmental Science and ManagementArticle - Refereed2022-02-01https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01170-y11111758-6798