Frost, P. G. H.Bond, I.2016-04-192016-04-192008Ecological Economics 65(4): 776-7870921-8009http://hdl.handle.net/10919/67557Metadata only recordThis paper discusses the development of Zimbabwe's Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE). Implemented in 1989, it is one of the earliest examples of a PES (payments for environmental services) program. The authors describe the design, implementation, and effects of CAMPFIRE, and present five lessons that can be applied to other evolving PES schemes.text/plainen-USIn CopyrightRural developmentWildlifeCommunity institutionsCommunity managementPayments for environmental servicesCommunity-based organizationsConservationTourismBiodiversity conservationPESCAMPFIRESafari huntingZimbabweCommunity-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM)Ecosystem GovernanceAbstractCopyright 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.09.018