Bush, Sarah A.Rudd, Rick D.Friedel, Curtis R.Archibald, Thomas G.Redican, Kerry J.2024-01-192024-01-192023-12-012325-5226https://hdl.handle.net/10919/117417Youth have the capacity to drive positive change in their communities through active and engaged citizenship (AEC). Teen-leadership programs provide youth with opportunities to develop the skills necessary to participate as partners in community problem-solving efforts. Situated in relational developmental systems metatheory, this study aimed to examine how cluster membership based upon demographic characteristics, ethical factors, and problem-solving disposition impacted AEC. The findings indicated significant differences between clusters for AEC, civic duty, and civic skills. These differences were predominately observed through membership in long-term or short-term leadership programs, gender, enrollment in honors/AP courses, ethical views, and problem-solving disposition. Youth leadership practitioners should consider avenues for infusing problem-solving and character development in gender inclusive program curriculum to increase likelihood for contributing.application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.documentenIn Copyrightcitizenshipethical factorsproblem solvingleadershipArticle - Refereedhttps://doi.org/10.55533/2325-5226.1409113Friedel, Curtis [0000-0001-7772-2595]Rudd, Rickie [0000-0002-4601-4710]Archibald, Thomas [0000-0002-3567-9143]2325-5226