Rovere, R.Hiernaux, P.van Keulen, H.Schiere, J.Szonyi, J.2016-04-192016-04-192005Agricultural Systems 83(3): 251-2760308-521X617_00001.pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/65653Agricultural production in the semi-arid agro-ecosystems of the Sahel centres on cereal staple crops and pastoralism with increasing crop-livestock integration. Animals mobilize soil fertility through manure production, graze crop by-products, and transfer nutrients from distant pastures to cropped areas. Yet in these systems various interacting factors, i.e. climate variability, poor soil fertility, poverty, and institutional constraints limit the capacity of agriculture to keep pace with the growing needs of an increasing human population.application/pdfen-USIn CopyrightRural developmentSocial impactsEcosystem managementSustainable developmentEnvironmental impactsSubtropicsLand use managementPasture managementModelingLivestock managementResource management toolsNatural resource managementRange managementLivestockFarming systemsFarming systems co-evolutionSahelCrop-livestock integrationBioeconomic modelingPrivatizationIntensificationEcosystem Farm/Enterprise Scale Field Scale GovernanceArticle - RefereedCopyright 2004 by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2004.04.003