Miranda, M.Porras, I. T.Moreno, M. L.2016-04-192016-04-192003Markets for Environmental Services 1978-1-84369-453-3 (formerly 1-84369-453-0)2417_9245IIED.pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/66910In 1996 Costa Rica implemented an innovative programme of Payments for Environmental Services (PES). Through this programme, forest and plantation owners are financially rewarded and legally acknowledged for the environmental services their forests provide to the community, both nationally and globally. By means of a case study of the Virilla watershed in Costa Rica, this report uses the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework to analyse the social effects of the PES programme, and examines the effects the programme has had on financial, human, social, physical and environmental capital.application/pdfen-USThe material in this report may be reproduced for non-commercial purposes provided full credit is given to the authors and to IIED.Carbon sequestrationSocial impactsBiodiversityPayments for environmental servicesForest managementLivelihoodsLand use managementMarketsPovertyReforestationCost sharingConservationForestryWatershed managementLivestockCosta RicaFinancial rewardsSustainable livelihoods frameworkCentral volcanic mountain range conservation area (accvc)Household surveyImpact assessmentForest protectionCapacity buildingEducationFarm/Enterprise Scale WatershedTechnical report