Time-ordered operators and Feynman-Dyson algebras

An approach to time‐ordered operators based upon von Neumann’s infinite tensor product Hilbert spaces is used to define Feynman–Dyson algebras. This theory is used to show that a one‐to‐one correspondence exists between path integrals and semigroups, which are integral operators defined by a kernel, the reproducing property of the kernel being a consequence of the semigroup property. For path integrals constructed from two semigroups, the results are more general than those obtained by the use of the Trotter–Kato formula. Perturbation series for the Feynman–Dyson operator calculus for time evolution and scattering operators are discussed, and it is pointed out that they are ‘‘asymptotic in the sense of Poincaré’’ as defined in the theory of semigroups, thereby giving a precise formulation to a well‐known conjecture of Dyson stated many years ago in the context of quantum electrodynamics. Moreover, the series converge when these operators possess suitable holomorphy properties.